附录
(英文文献及中英文对照)
The designing features of automobile body
welding fixture
Auto body clamp is required for the amorphous body stamping required to locate and clamp, to form the body components, combined parts, sub-assembly and assembly, While taking advantage of suitable welding method to form their own welding pieces of the whole. Welding fixture welding process is a secondary device, but in the process of mass production car body, the device is essential. It not only can improve welding productivity, but also to ensure the dimensional accuracy of welding products and appearance requirements of the important devices. The assembly and welding fixtures there is no uniform specifications and standardization, are non-standard equipment. Design.and manufacturing process according to the structural characteristcs of the specific models, production conditions and the actual demand from the line of design and manufacturing.
1. asonable decomposition of auto body parts welded together to determine the type of fixture required. Two or more of the stamping process by the assembly and welding of components is obtained by welding together pieces of several related small welding welding large pieces of formed pieces, then welded together to form the following four parts: Around before welding parts, welding parts around the back, floor and roof welding parts welding parts, welding together four pieces of the final welding into vehicle cab assembly. Therefore, according to the cab assembly formation process of the correct welding pieces of reasonably divided, and on this basis, the corresponding pieces of welding fixture design. This will not only help ensure product quality, also can increase welding productivity.
2. Determine the level of automation of assembly and welding fixtures. Annual output depends on the level of automation and assembly and welding fixtures welders bit configuration. Production cycle time mainly by clamping action, the assembly time, welding
time and handling time and other components. Among them, the jig fixture operating time depends on the degree of automation. To improve productivity, consider clamping fixture and release time to complete the action by the cylinder, and between station and station automation transport. But this increases the manufacturing cost of fixtures. Therefore, the design of fixtures to be able to reasonably balance the level of automation and welding fixtures contradiction between the manufacturing cost.
3. For large welding jigs, fixtures must first determine the design basis, with the same car body design basis. Fixture n the location of all the components are determined directly from the design basis, the ultimate guarantee to create a qualified welding tooling structure. According to a preliminary decision height operations fixture floor height, the height of the clamped position; Second, draw the assembly and welding parts diagram, it is included in the station in need of assembly and welding of stamping the solder joint shape and location requirements as the basis for setting fixture; The next step is a reasonable arrangement of fixture position, this must be clearly grasp the stamping of the space shape, composition relationships, assembly and welding sequence and the solder joint layout, rational design of fixture placement and general structure; overall design of the final draw sketches.
4. Rational choice of fixture position. As the car body shape complexity, poor rigidity, deformation, fixture positioning has been introduced on a large number of ways to enhance the rigidity of welded parts, reduce the welding deformation. Positioning of welding fixtures generally include positioning and side positioning of two kinds of holes. Positioning hole punching process to give priority to consider the positioning hole, the size and location of these holes is relatively accurate and reliable; Try to use under the procedures of mounting holes, as these holes the size of the margin of error will affect the next process of the assembly. Therefore, the design of fixtures with positioning holes not only to understand the stamping process, assembly process must also consider the key under the channel size. Large lection of positioning holes as the holes, so that pins can have sufficient strength, or easily broken pins. Stamping on the preferred shape to a reliable, stable surface as a positioning surface, positioned to do as much as possible the use of flat surfaces, but most of the space body stamping surface, which requires the fixture components of the work surface must be positioned with the corresponding surface of the car body consistent shape, so as to ensure the body in the process of assembly and welding shape. Positioning of parts with surface to guarantee a certain accuracy, adjust the position of positioning blocks are coarse
to fine-tune more complex, this block can be added to fine-tune the positioning function, that is positioned to add a thin spacer block, and gasket thickness is that you can adjust the accuracy. In addition, the set should also be considered when positioning the welding position and the use of welding equipment, welding can not affect the final piece out, but also allows welding clamp or welding torch to reach the location. For the really influential to consider the use of pins and other pins can be active.
5. Properly designed clamping mechanism. When the stamping on the correct positioning of the fixture, in order to maintain the welding process in the assembly of the workpiece position and overcome the elastic deformation of the workpiece, usually requires a certain clamping body. With this device, you can make the workpiece and the bearing surface, workpiece and positioning the workpiece and the workpiece surface and tight fit between. For thickness below 1.2mm steel plate, each clamping point of the clamping force is generally in the range of 300 ~ 750N; For the 1.5 ~ 2.5mm between the stampings, each clamping point of the clamping force in the range of 500 ~ 3000N. To reduce the auxiliary time loading and unloading the workpiece, the clamping device should be fast and efficient installations and multi-point linkage institutions. For sheet metal parts, the clamping force acting on the bearing surface point should be only a good piece of rigid role allowed a few points of support in the plane formed in order to avoid bending or clamping force from the workpiece positioning reference. Also designed to prevent the clamping mechanism to open the clamping grip hand.
6. Other design elements. As the stamping quality checks are sampling, prone to problems. If possible, add in some welding fixture on some auxiliary devices, check the stamping play the role of critical dimensions. In addition, assembly and welding fixture structure should be easy to operate, saving, security and easy handling characteristics of the workpiece.
汽车车身焊装夹具的设计要点
汽车车身夹具是用来把所需车身冲压件按要求定形、定位并夹紧，组合成车身组件、合件、分总成及总成，同时利用合适的焊接方法使其形成各自焊合件整体。焊接夹具属于焊接工艺过程的辅助装置，但在汽车车身大批量生产过程中，该装置是必不可少的。它不仅可以提高焊接生产率，而且也是保证焊接产品的尺寸精度及外观要求的重要装置。而装焊夹具没有统一规格和标准化，属于非标准设计和制造的工艺装备，要根据具体车型的结构特点、生产条件和实际需求来自行设计与制造。
1、合理分解汽车车身焊合件，确定所需夹具的种类。两种或两种以上的冲压件经装焊工序后得到的部件即为焊合件，几种相关的小焊合件组成大的焊合件，再形成以下四种焊合件：前围焊合件、后侧围焊合件、地板焊合件以及顶盖焊合件，这四种焊合件最终组焊成了汽车驾驶室总成。因此，要根据上述驾驶室总成形成过程进行各种焊合件正确合理地分割，并在此基础上进行相应焊合件夹具的设计。这样，不仅有利于保证产品质量，还可以提高焊接生产率。
2、确定装焊夹具自动化程度的高低。年产量决定于装焊夹具的自动化水平及焊接工位的配置。生产节拍主要由夹具动作时间、装配时间、焊接时间以及搬运时间等组成。其中，夹具动作时间主要取决于夹具的自动化程度。为提高生产率，可以考虑夹具的夹紧和松开动作由汽缸一次性完成，且工位和工位之间采用自动化运输。但这就提高了夹具的制造成本。因此，设计夹具要能合理地平衡焊接夹具的自动化水平及制造成本之间的矛盾。
3、对于大型焊装夹具，首先必须确定夹具的设计基准，它与汽车车身的设计基准一致。夹具上全部元件的位置都是直接根据设计基准确定的，最终保证制造出合格的焊接工装结构。根据作业高度可初步决定夹具底板的高度，即夹具固定位置的高度；其次绘制出装焊工件图，它包括在此工位上需要装焊的冲压件外形以及要求的焊点位置，以此作为夹具设置的基础；下一步是夹具位置的合理布置，为此必须清楚地把握冲压件的空间形状、组合关系、装焊顺序以及焊点布置，合理设计夹具的安放位置和大致结构；最后绘出总体方案设计草图。
4、合理地选择夹具的定位。由于汽车车身形状复杂、刚性差、易变形，夹具定位上大量采用过定位方式，以增强焊接件刚性，减少焊接变形。焊接夹具的定位一般包括孔定位和面定位两种。孔定位时要优先考虑用冲压工序的定位孔，这些孔的尺寸和位置相对准确可靠；尽量用下道工序的装配孔，因为这些孔的尺寸有误差会影响下道
工序的装配。因此，设计夹具用孔定位时不仅要了解冲压工序，还要考虑下道装配工序的关键尺寸。定位孔尽可能选用较大的孔，这样定位销可以有足够的强度，否则定位销容易折断。要优选冲压件上形状可靠、稳定的面作为定位面，尽可能地采用平面做定位面，但车身冲压件大多为空间曲面，这就要求夹具定位元件的工作表面必须与车身上相应的定位表面形状保持一致，这样才能在装焊过程中保证车身的形状。用面定位的部件要保证一定精度，调整定位块的位置属于粗调，要精确调节较为复杂，为此可以在定位块上增加细调功能，即在定位块上增加很薄的垫片，而垫片的厚度就是可以调整的精度。另外，设置定位时还要考虑焊接位置和所用焊接设备，既不能影响最终焊合件的取出，也可以让焊钳或者焊枪到达焊接位置。对于确实有影响的定位销等要考虑采用可以活动的定位销。
5、正确设计夹紧机构。当冲压件在夹具上正确定位后，为保持焊接过程中各工件的装配位置以及克服工件的弹性变形，通常需要一定的夹紧机构。利用该装置，可以使工件和支承面、工件和定位面以及工件和工件之间紧密贴合。对于1.2mm厚度以下的钢板，每个夹紧点的夹紧力一般在300~750N范围内；对于1.5~2.5mm之间的冲压件，每个夹紧点的夹紧力在500~3000N范围内。为减少装卸工件的辅助时间，夹紧装置应采用高效快速装置和多点联动机构。对于薄板冲压件，夹紧力作用点应作用在支承面上，只有对刚性很好的工件才允许作用在几个支承点所组成的平面内，以免夹紧力使工件弯曲或脱离定位基准。另外设计时要防止在夹紧机构由夹紧到打开时夹住手。
6、其它设计要点。由于冲压件质量检查属于抽检，容易出现问题。如果可能，可以在有些焊接夹具上增加一些辅助装置，起到检查冲压件关键尺寸的作用。另外，装焊夹具结构应具有操作方便、省力、安全以及工件装卸方便等特点。
摘要 焊装作为汽车生产过程的四大工艺之一，焊接质量的高低对轿车车身尺寸的影响至关重要，可以说，在车身制造过程中，焊装是关键工序，是整个车身制造的核心，白车身焊接质量的优劣决定了整车的制造质量。焊接夹具是保证车身焊接质量的最重要因素，焊接夹具的主要作用就是保证所有焊接冲压件之间的相对位置以及焊接件的尺寸精度，合理的夹具设计、焊点规划、焊钳选择，可以确保焊接质量，降低生产成本，提高生产效率。 本文首先分析了汽车车轮轮罩焊装夹具设计的必要性和可行性；然后围绕车轮轮罩焊装夹具设计这一核心，通过对汽车焊装生产线、汽车焊装夹具的结构特点进行分析，归纳了焊装夹具的设计步骤和要点；重点对汽车车轮轮罩进行焊装工艺分析，研究了汽车车轮轮罩焊装夹具正确的夹紧位置及定位设计方式；最终完成汽车车轮轮罩焊装夹具的结构设计。 关键词：汽车；轮罩；焊接；夹具；设计
ABSTRACT Welding production process as a vehicle one of the four processes, the level of welding quality on body size of car is essential, can be said that the manufacturing process in the body, welding is the key process is the core of the whole body manufacturing, white body determines the merits of quality welding vehicle manufacturing quality.Welding fixture is guarantee body welding quality most important factor, the main role of welding fixture to ensure that all welding is the relative position between the stamping and welding parts for dimensional accuracy, and reasonable fixture design, solder joint planning, welding clamp selection, to ensure weld quality, reduce production costs and increase productivity. Firstly, this paper analyzes the automobile wheel cover design of welding fixture necessity and feasibility; Then around the wheel cover on the core welding fixture design, welding production line of automobile, car welding fixture to analyze the structural characteristics, summarizes the steps and welding fixture design elements; Focus on the car hood for welding wheel analysis of the technology of automobile wheel cover clamp welding fixture correct location and orientation design approach; Finally completed the car wheel covers the structural design of welding fixture. Key words: Automobile; Wheel Casing; Welding ; Jig; Design
附录A Lathe fixture design and analysis Ma Feiyue (School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei, Anhui Hefei 230022, China) Abstract: From the start the main types of lathe fixture, fixture on the flower disc and angle iron clamp lathe was introduced, and on the basis of analysis of a lathe fixture design points. Keywords: lathe fixture; design; points Lathe for machining parts on the rotating surface, such as the outer cylinder, inner cylinder and so on. Parts in the processing, the fixture can be installed in the lathe with rotary machine with main primary uranium movement. However, in order to expand the use of lathe, the work piece can also be installed in the lathe of the pallet, tool mounted on the spindle. THE MAIN TYPES OF LATHE FIXTURE Installed on the lathe spindle on the lathe fixture
浅析汽车车身的焊接工艺设计 在汽车厂中，焊接生产线相对于涂装线和总装线来说，刚性强，多品种车型的通用性差，每更新换代一种车型，均需要更新车间大量专用设备和生产工艺。焊接工艺设计可以称得上是焊接生产线的“灵魂”，涉及的专业知识较多，如机械化、电控、非标设备、建筑、结构、水道、暖通、动力、电气、计算机、环保和通讯等，从宏观上决定车间的工艺水平、物流、投资和预留发展，具体决定着生产线的工艺设备种类和数量、夹具形式、物流工位器具形式、机械化输送方式及控制模式等。因此，焊接工艺设计在焊接生产线的开发中占有举足轻重的地位，是产生高性价比焊接生产线 的关键。 1、车身焊接工艺设计的前提条件 1.1产品资料 a.产品的数学模型（简称数模）。在汽车制造行业中，一般情况下用 UG,Catia,ProE等三维软件均能打开数模（如图1），并在其中获取数据或进行深人的工作。在工艺设计过程中，将所有数模装配在一起就构成了一个整车数模，从数模中可以获得零部件的结构尺寸、位置关系。由数模还可以生成整车、分总成、冲压件的各种视图（包括轴测图），以及可以输出剖面图。 b.全套产品图纸。 c.样车、样件（包括整车车身总成、各大总成、分总成和冲压件）。
d.产品零部件明细表（包括各部件的名称、编号，冲压件的名称、编号、数量，标准件的规格、数量）。 工艺设计时，业主必须提供上述a、b、c中至少1项，d项可以从前3项中分析出来，正常状态下d项（如图2）早在汽车设计结束时就已经确定了。如果仅提供b 项，那么需要增加大量的车身拆解、分析工作。
1.2工厂设计的参数 工厂设计的参数包括以下几方面： a.生产纲领即年产量； b.年时基数即生产班次、生产线的利用率等； c.生产线的自动化程度（机器人＋自动焊钳焊点数／全车身焊点数x 100%=自动化率）； d.生产线的工艺水平要求（如主要设备选用原则、生产线的输送方式，电气控制水平等）； e.各种材料、外购件的选用原则（如型材、控制元件、气动元件、电机、减速器）； f.各种公用动力介质的供应方式、能力、品质等参数，建厂所在地的环境状况如温度、湿度等； g.当生产线布置在原有厂房内时，应收集原有房的土建、公用有关资料，如厂房柱顶标高、屋架承载能力、电力和动力介质的余富程度等。 2、工艺分析 2.1工艺线路分析 根据业主提供的产品资料进行产品工艺线路分析（如业主仅提供样车及样件则需经过样车分析→样车拆解→样车测量→样车再装配过程），完成装焊工艺线路图或爆炸图设计。 2.1.1产品分块 同类型车身的分块基本相同（一般车身均由地板、侧围、前／后围、门、顶盖等大总成组成），但各总成之间的连接方式及顺序往往有较大区别，合理的分块才能保
xxx毕业论文 摘要 本文研究的是汽车左前纵梁及轮罩的焊接夹具设计问题，要求使工件定位迅速，装夹迅速，省力，减轻焊件装配定位和夹紧时的繁重体力劳动。实现机械化，使焊接条件较差的空间位置焊缝变为焊接条件较好的平焊位置，劳动条件的改善，同时也有利于提高焊缝的质量。 本文首先分析了汽车左前纵梁及轮罩焊装夹具设计的必要性和可行性；然后围绕左前纵梁及轮罩焊装夹具设计这一核心，通过对汽车焊装生产线、汽车焊装夹具的结构特点进行分析，归纳了焊装夹具的设计步骤和要点；重点对汽车左前纵梁及轮罩焊接夹具的设计，包括定位器的设计，夹具体设计，夹紧装置的设计。其中，定位器的设计是保证焊件在夹具中获得正确装配位置的零件和部件，应利用先装好的零件作为后装配零件某一基面上的定位支撑点，可以减少定位器的数量，提高装配精度；夹具体的设计是通过控制焊件角变形的夹紧力计算和控制焊件弯曲变形的夹紧力计算来确定的，通过公式计算得出拘束角变形所需的单位长度（焊缝）夹紧力,再根据焊件形状、尺寸来完成夹具体的设计。 夹紧装置的设计是本文设计的重中之重，这次设计的主要核心是通过气缸来改善传统手动夹紧的的繁重体力消耗以提高生产效率。根据要求，设计气缸主要是对工件的夹紧，合理的气缸选择，合理的气动原理思路，极大地提高了生产效率和产品质量。 关键词：工装; 夹具；汽动；焊接
Abstract This study is the car left front rail and wheel cover welding fixture design, requirement for a workpiece positioning rapidly and clamping quickly, effort, reduce welding assembly positioning and the clamping heavy manual labor. Realization of mechanization, make for better conditions for the downhand welding position welding, improve working conditions and to improve the welding quality of poor condition of the space position of welding seam welding. This paper first analyzes the car left front longitudinal beam and the wheel cover the necessity and feasibility of welding fixture design, and then around the left front rail and wheel cover welding fixture design of the core, according to structural characteristics of car body welding production line, automobile welding fixture analysis, summed up the welding fixture design steps and main points; key to car left front longitudinal beam and the wheel cover welding fixture design, including locator design, clip specific design and clamping device design. Among them, design of locator is guarantee welding fixture in China obtain accurate position of the assembly of parts and components, should use first loaded parts as assembly parts a base surface positioning supporting point, can reduce the locator number to enhance the assembly precision; to clamp the specific design is by the angle to control the welding deformation of the clamping force calculation and control of welding a bending deformation of the clamping force calculation to determine the, through the formula calculation show that angle restraint deformation required per unit length (weld) clamping force, then according to the welding shape, size to complete specific design clamp. Clamping device design is the most important in this paper, the main core of this design is through the cylinder to improve the traditional manual clamping of the heavy manual to improve production efficiency. According to the requirements, the design of the cylinder is mainly for the clamping of the workpiece, a reasonable choice of the cylinder, a reasonable aerodynamic principle of thinking, greatly improving the production efficiency and product quality. Key words: Tooling；fixtures；pneumatic；welding
汽车车体焊接夹具设计基础 一、概念 汽车车体（BODY）大约由1000件以上的部件构成，大部分为铁皮。这些铁皮大多以点焊的方式结合在一起。焊接和时候必须把每个部件固定在规定的位置，这种有定位功能紧固功能的工具就叫夹具（JIG，治具）。制造车体的专用夹具叫车体夹具（车体设备）。 二、分类 动力源：手动夹具、气动夹具、电动夹具； 用途：通用夹具、专用夹具、组合夹具； 构造：固定式夹具、移动式夹具、悬挂式夹具； 设备：夹具、电焊机械、机器人、专用生产钱。 三、功能 A：精确定位； B：夹紧； C：引导； D：使用便捷； E：改善工作条件，降低产品成品。 四、设计流程 工件数模处理（WORK 预处理）→根据仕样书检讨定位夹紧位置→GUN插入→设计（2D、3D）→客户承认（相应出现的仕样变更和修改）→出图（2D）→提出购入品→精度表、回路图、节拍图 五、番线的作用 番线就是空间位置的号码线。 车身基准坐标（0线）是前车轴中心以及车宽的中心线。 下面主要介绍日本三大车系的番线表示方法： 丰田：左右都是用正数表示（当左右有差异的时候，仕样书上用RH/LH指示）； 本田：左右都是用正数表示（当左右有差异的时候，仕样书上用BR/BL指示）； 日产：车前进方向左侧用正数，右侧用负数。
六、夹具设计 车体夹具的定位原理：六点定 任何物体在在空间都有六个自由度。车体工件定位是用夹具将工件置于正确位置，也就是消除要件相对于夹具的六个自由度；定位方法一般用点、线、面的接触来实现。 我们常用的定位基本元件有： A、托块和压块； B、LOCATOR PIN（销）； C、V 槽和导向挡块。 1、常规夹具的部品名称；
毕业设计 外文翻译 题目曲轴的加工工艺及夹具设计学院航海学院 专业轮机工程 学生佟宝诚 学号 10960123 指导教师彭中波 重庆交通大学 2014年
Proceedings of IMECE2008 2008 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition October 31-November 6, 2008, Boston, Massachusetts, USA IMECE2008-67447 MULTI-OBJECTIVE SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION OF ENGINE CRANKSHAFTS USING AN INTEGRATION APPROACH Albert Albers/IPEK Institute of Product Development University of Karlsruhe Germany Noel Leon/CIDyT Center for Innovation andDesign Monterrey Institute of Technology,Mexico Humberto Aguayo/CIDyT Center forInnovation and Design, Monterrey Institute ofTechnology, Mexico Thomas Maier/IPEK Institute of Product Development University of Karlsruhe Germany ABSTRACT The ever increasing computer capabilities allow faster analysis in the field of Computer Aided Design and Engineering (CAD & CAE). CAD and CAE systems are currently used in Parametric and Structural Optimization to find optimal topologies and shapes of given parts under certain conditions. This paper describes a general strategy to optimize the balance of a crankshaft, using CAD and CAE software integrated with Genetic Algorithms (GAs) via programming in Java. An introduction to the groundings of this strategy is made among different tools used for its implementation. The analyzed crankshaft is modeled in commercial parametric 3D CAD software. CAD is used for evaluating the fitness function (the balance) and to make geometric modifications. CAE is used for evaluating dynamic restrictions (the eigenfrequencies). A Java interface is programmed to link the CAD model to the CAE software and to the genetic algorithms. In order to make geometry modifications to
附录 (英文文献及中英文对照) The designing features of automobile body welding fixture Auto body clamp is required for the amorphous body stamping required to locate and clamp, to form the body components, combined parts, sub-assembly and assembly, While taking advantage of suitable welding method to form their own welding pieces of the whole. Welding fixture welding process is a secondary device, but in the process of mass production car body, the device is essential. It not only can improve welding productivity, but also to ensure the dimensional accuracy of welding products and appearance requirements of the important devices. The assembly and welding fixtures there is no uniform specifications and standardization, are non-standard equipment. Design.and manufacturing process according to the structural characteristcs of the specific models, production conditions and the actual demand from the line of design and manufacturing. 1. asonable decomposition of auto body parts welded together to determine the type of fixture required. Two or more of the
汽车座椅骨架的焊接夹具毕业设计说明书 公司内部档案编码：[OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08]
摘要 本文研究的是汽车座椅骨架的焊接夹具设计问题，要求使工件定位迅速，装夹迅速，省力，减轻焊件装配定位和夹紧时的繁重体力劳动。实现机械化，使焊接条件较差的空间位置焊缝变为焊接条件较好的平焊位置，劳动条件的改善，同时也有利于提高焊缝的质量。 本文首先分析了汽车座椅骨架焊装夹具设计的必要性和可行性；然后围绕座椅骨架焊装夹具设计这一核心，通过对汽车焊装生产线、汽车焊装夹具的结构特点进行分析，归纳了焊装夹具的设计步骤和要点；重点对汽车座椅骨架夹具的设计，包括基准面的选择，定位器的设计，夹具体设计，夹紧装置的设计。其中，基准面的选择是根据总成件的大小，确定基板的尺寸，然后从标准件库选出合适的基板；定位器的设计是保证焊件在夹具中获得正确装配位置的零件和部件，应利用先装好的零件作为后装配零件某一基面上的定位支撑点，可以减少定位器的数量，提高装配精度；夹具体的设计是通过控制焊件角变形的夹紧力计算和控制焊件弯曲变形的夹紧力计算来确定的，通过公式计算得出拘束角变形所需的单位长度（焊缝）夹紧力q为N，阻挡弯曲变形所需的夹紧力q为208711N，再根据焊件形状、尺寸来完成夹具体的设计。 夹紧装置的设计是本文设计的重中之重，这次设计的主要核心是通过气缸来改善传统手动夹紧的的繁重体力消耗以提高生产效率。根据要求，设计气缸主要是对工件的夹紧，所以应该选择双作用气缸。本文通过公式的计算确定一种缸径D为50mm，另一种缸径D为75mm。合理的气缸选择，合理的气动原理思路，极大地提高了生产效率和产品质量。
2604130359 CNC Cutting Technology Review Numerical control high speed cutting technology (High Speed Machining, HSM, or High Speed Cutting, HSC), is one of the advanced manufacturing technology to improve the machining efficiency and quality, the study of related technology has become an important research direction of advanced manufacturing technology at home and abroad. China is a big manufacturing country, in the world of industry transfer to accept the front instead of back-end of the transfer, to master the core technology of advanced manufacturing, or in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, our country manufacturing industry will further behind. Imminent research on the theory and application of advanced technology. 1, high-speed CNC machining meaning High speed cutting theory put forward by the German physicist Carl.J.Salomon in the last century and early thirty's. He concluded by a lot of experiments: in the normal range of cutting speed, cutting speed if the increase, will cause the cutting temperature rise, exacerbating the wear of cutting tool; however, when the cutting speed is increased to a certain value, as long as more than the inflection point, with the increase of the cutting speed, cutting temperature can not rise, but will decline, so as long as the cutting speed is high enough, it can be solved very well in high cutting temperature caused by tool wear is not conducive to the cutting problem, obtained good processing efficiency. With the development of manufacturing industry, this theory is gradually paid more attention to, and attracted a lot of attention, on the basis of this theory has gradually formed the field of high-speed cutting technology of NC, relatively early research on NC High-speed Machining Technology in developed countries, through the theoretical basis of the research, basic research and applied research and development application, at present applications have entered the substantive stage in some areas. The high-speed cutting processing category, generally have the following several kinds of classification methods, one is to see that cutting speed, cutting speed over conventional cutting speed is 5-10 times of high speed cutting. Also has the scholar to spindle speed as the definition of high-speed processing standards, that the spindle speed is higher than that of 8000r\/min for high speed machining. And from the machine tool spindle design point of view, with the product of DN diameter of spindle and spindle speed, if the value of DN to (5~2000) * 105mm.r\/min, is considered to be of high speed machining. In practice, different processing methods, different materials, high speed cutting speed corresponding to different. Is generally believed that the turning speed of (700~7000) m\/min, milling speed reaches m\/min (300~6000), that is in the high-speed cutting. In addition, from the practical considerations, high-speed machining concept not only contains the high speed cutting process, integration and optimization also contains the process of cutting, is a
A review and analysis of current computer-aided fixture design approaches Iain Boyle, Yiming Rong, David C. Brown Keywords: Computer-aided fixture design Fixture design Fixture planning Fixture verification Setup planning Unit design ABSTRACT A key characteristic of the modern market place is the consumer demand for variety. To respond effectively to this demand, manufacturers need to ensure that their manufacturing practices are sufficiently flexible to allow them to achieve rapid product development. Fixturing, which involves using fixtures to secure work pieces during machining so that they can be transformed into parts that meet required design specifications, is a significant contributing factor towards achieving manufacturing flexibility. To enable flexible fixturing, considerable levels of research effort have been devoted to supporting the process of fixture design through the development of computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) tools and approaches. This paper contains a review of these research efforts. Over seventy-five CAFD tools and approaches are reviewed in terms of the fixture design phases they support and the underlying technology upon which they are based. The primary conclusion of the review is that while significant advances have been made in supporting fixture design, there are primarily two research issues that require further effort. The first of these is that current CAFD research is segmented in nature and there remains a need to provide more cohesive fixture design support. Secondly, a greater focus is required on supporting the detailed design of a fixture’s physical structure. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction (2) 2. Fixture design (2) 3. Current CAFD approaches (4) 3.1 Setup planning (4) 3.1.1 Approaches to setup planning (4) 3.2 Fixture planning (4) 3.2.1 Approaches to defining the fixturing requirement (6) 3.2.2 Approaches to non-optimized layout planning (6) 3.2.3 Approaches to layout planning optimization (6) 3.3 Unit design (7) 3.3.1 Approaches to conceptual unit design (7)
基于事例推理的夹具设计研究与应用 摘要:根据基于事例的设计方法,提出采用工序件的特征信息和夹具的结构特征信息来描述夹具的相似性,并建立了包括这2方面主要特征信息为基础的事例索引码,设计了事例库的结构形式,创建了层次化的事例组织方式;同时,提出了基于知识引导的夹具事例检索算法,以及事例的修改和采用同族事例码进行相似事例的存贮,形成了基于事例推理的夹具设计.所开发的原型系统在型号工程夹具设计等项目的设计过程中得到了应用,并取得了令人满意的使用效果. 关键词: 基于事例的推理夹具设计CAD 夹具是以确定工件安全定位准确为目的的装置，并在加工过程中保持工件与刀具或机床的位置一致不变。因为夹具的结构依赖于产品的特点和在企业规划中加工工序的地位,所以它的设计是制造过程中的瓶颈,制约着效率的提高. 夹具设计是一个复杂的过程,需要有从大量的设计论文中了解质量知识的经验，这些设计论文包括工件的结构设计、涉及加工工艺，和加工环境。当用这些擅长绘制详细设计图的传统的CAD工具（如Unigraphics、CATIA、Pro/E)时,这仍然是一项非常耗时的工作，但是利用以往的设计经验和资源也不能提供一些益处,而这正是提高效率的关键因素. 基于事例推理(CBR) 的方法适应以往个案解决的办法,建立一个新问题的方法,主要有以下四步骤:检索、利用、修改,并保留.这是一个比用专业系统模仿人类思维有用的使用方法，因为提出一个类似的情况,和采用一些修改,似乎不言自明,而且比人类更直观.所以支持不同事例的设计工具已经在诸多领域中发展起来，如在注射成型及设计、建筑设计、模具设计投死, 规划过程中,还有夹具设计. 孙用六个数字组成代码参数,包括工件的形状、机械部分、轴衬,第一定位装置,第二定位装置和夹紧装置. 但这个系统不能用于除钻床夹具外的其他夹具类型,不能解决储存需要保留的同一参数代码的问题,这在CBR中是非常重要的. 1事例参数和事例图书馆的建立 1.1事例参数 事例参数应该由工件的所有的特征组成，来区别不同的夹具. 使用他们能够使操作方便. 因为零件的形状是多种多样的, 在生产企业中制造的技术要求也不断发展,许多特征作被用做事例参数将会使搜索速度降低,其主要特征是不重要的,因为分配给每个特征的比重必须减少. 另一方面,事例参数包含所有的
汽车车身夹具 随着汽车制造业的飞速发展，技术竞争愈来愈激烈，人们对于汽车车身的设计和制造提出了更高的要求。汽车车身焊装生产技术在其中扮演了重要的角色。 1． 车身焊装通用夹具的应用对象 汽车车身壳体是一个复杂的结构件，一辆汽车的车身由数百个冲压件，经点焊、凸焊、气体保护焊、钎焊以及粘结等工艺连接而成。定位迅速准确的焊装夹具、日益精湛的焊接技术、日臻完善的质量控制手段、立体布置的自动化生产线和大量自动化焊接设备的应用，构成了现代汽车车身焊装技术。 车身在焊装过程中，需要专门的焊装夹具来对零件或合件的相对位置进行定位，并将其夹紧贴合。一般来说，为适应同类汽车车型的生产制造，缩短新车型推出的周期，降低工装设备成本，提高企业的市场竞争力，许多通用夹具的设计应运而生。 2． 车身焊装通用夹具的特点 2.1 定位夹紧部位设计成可调整结构 焊装夹具由定位与夹紧两大因素构成，可行的焊装夹具必须保证定位准确，和钣金件良好的贴合性。同时定位夹紧部位设计成在适用车型范围内可调整的结构，如图一所示： （图一） 调整垫块 调整垫块 压紧块 定位块 支架 销支架
压紧块和定位块是对应于不同的车型成套使用的，为尽量减少压紧块和定位块的工装储备，在简单车型更换时（如夹紧部位仅在一个方向上平移，而夹紧的钣金件断面形状不发生变化），则加装调整垫块来解决。 2.2 采用可移动夹具单元设计 当车型更换时，在夹紧部位发生较大范围移动的情况下，一般把一个或几个夹具单元放在移动板上，而移动板则靠滚珠导轨来支撑和导向，并有气缸或液压缸推动。如图二所示。 （图二） 2.3 大量使用标准化零部件 为提高焊装夹具零部件的互换性，缩短焊装夹具的研制周期，降低焊装夹具的设计制造成本，通用焊装夹具尽可能的使用了标准化零部件。如标准支架、销支架、铰接头、导向装置等等。
横梁装焊夹具设计
小组成员：蒋燕洲、王芳芳、马丽翠
前言
焊接工装夹具就是将焊件进行准确定位和可靠夹紧，便于焊件进行装配和焊接、保证 焊接结构精度方面要求的工艺装置。在现代焊接结构生产中，积极推广和使用与产品结构 相适应的工装夹具，对提高产品质量，减轻焊接工人的劳动强度，加速焊接生产实现机械 化、自动化进程等诸方面起着非常重要的作用。
焊接工装夹具的主要作用有以下几方面： 1)准确、可靠地定位和夹紧，可以减轻甚至取消下料和装配时的划线工作。减小制品 的尺寸偏差，提高了零件的精度和互换性。 2)有效地防止和减小焊接变形。 3)使工件处于最佳的施焊位置，焊缝的成形性优良，工艺缺陷明显降低，焊接速度得 以提高。 4)以机械装置取代手工装配零部件时的定位、夹紧及工件翻转等繁重工作，改善了工 人的劳动条件。 5)可以扩大先进工艺方法和设备的使用范围，促进焊接结构生产机械化和自动化的综 合发展。 —个完整的焊接工装夹具，一般由定位器、夹紧机构和夹具体三部分组成。夹具体（底 板）起工作平台的作用，在其台面上开有安装槽、孔，用来安放和固定各种定位器和夹紧 器件，有时还用于焊件的支承。其中，定位是夹具结构设计的关健问题，定位方案一旦确 定，则其它组成部分的总体配置也基本随之而定。 夹具设计的基本要求： ①、工装夹具应具备足够的强度和刚度。夹具在生产中投入使用时要承受多种力度的 作用，所以工装夹具应具备足够的强度和刚度。 ②、夹紧的可靠性。夹紧时不能破坏工件的定位位置和保证产品形状、尺寸符合图样 要求。既不能允许工件松动滑移，又不使工件的拘束度过大而产生较大的拘束应力。 ③、焊接操作的灵活性。使用夹具生产应保证足够的装焊空间，使操作人员有良好的 视野和操作环境，使焊接生产的全过程处于稳定的工作状态 ④、便于焊件的装卸。操作时应考虑制品在装配定位焊或焊接后能顺利的从夹具中取 出，还要制品在翻转或吊运使不受损害。 ⑤、良好的工艺性。所设计的夹具应便于制造、安装和操作，便于检验、维修和更换
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