Overexpression of OLC1Promotes Tumorigenesis of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Xiao Li1,3,4.,Jing Suo4.,Shujuan Shao4,Liyan Xue2,Wei Chen1,Lijia Dong1,Ji Shi1,4,Ming Fu1,Ning Lu2, Qimin Zhan1*,Tong Tong1*
1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology,Cancer Institute&Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing,China, 2Department of Pathology,Cancer Institute&Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing,China,3CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Science,Dalian,Liaoning,China,4Department of Histology and Embryology,Dalian Medical University,Dalian,Liaoning,China
Abstract
Purpose:OLC1was recently identified to be a potential oncogene.However,the role of OLC1in human esophageal cell carcinoma(ESCC)is unknown.The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the expression of OLC1in human ESCC from normal,premalignant,and malignant lesions,and to clarify the mechanisms by which OLC1contributes to the progression of ESCC.
Experimental Design:Two hundred and fourteen paired ESCC specimens,and an independent set from28ESCC patients, were used to analyze the correlation between OLC1expression and the pathological characteristics of tumors using immunohistochemistry.Stable OLC1-overexpressing and OLC1-interfering esophageal cancer cells were established and a series of experimental methods were used to investigate the biological functions and mechanisms of action of OLC1.
Results:We showed that OLC1was overexpressed in145of214(67.8%)of human ESCC specimens,compared with in only 59of214(27.57%)paired adjacent normal tissues(P,0.001).OLC1overexpression occurred at a rate of35%(10/28)at the stage of mild/moderate dysplasia,but was significantly upregulated to66%(22/33)at the stages of severe dysplasia and in situ carcinoma,while71%positive staining(22/28)was observed in invasive carcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues(P,0.05).We also provided evidence that OLC1abnormalities significantly altered the cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents.OLC1overexpression suppressed apoptosis,and was associated with attenuated caspase-3activation and increased Bcl-2stability.
Conclusion:Our study provides strong evidence suggesting OLC1abnormalities may contribute to the development of human ESCC and have some important clinical significance.
Citation:Li X,Suo J,Shao S,Xue L,Chen W,et al.(2014)Overexpression of OLC1Promotes Tumorigenesis of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.PLoS ONE9(3):e90958.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090958
Editor:Xin-Yuan Guan,The University of Hong Kong,China
Received October2,2013;Accepted February6,2014;Published March7,2014
Copyright:?2014Li et al.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use,distribution,and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding:This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31250001),and the973National Key Fundamental Research Program of China(2009CB521801).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
*E-mail:tongt5@https://www.doczj.com/doc/847260545.html,(TT);qiminzhan@https://www.doczj.com/doc/847260545.html,(QZ)
.These authors contributed equally to this work.
Introduction
Human esophageal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide,and90%of cases are esophageal squamous cell carcinomas(ESCC).Compared with Western countries,cases of ESCC in the People’s Republic of China are characterized by a higher incidence and mortality rate.Several studies investigating ESCC pathophysiology have focused on changes in protein expression,which can contribute to the discovery of new biomarkers and help to develop novel strategies for the early diagnosis and individualized treatment of ESCC[1]. It was previously reported that p53[2–4],Cyclin D1[5–7],E-cadherin[8],K-ras[9],and VEGF[10–13]have altered expression in ESCC,suggesting that abnormalities in the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes contributes to esophageal carcinogenesis and malignant development.These abnormally expressed proteins may therefore serve as potential biomarkers for ESCC.We have recently demonstrated that Aurora-A and cyclin B1,which are key regulators of cell cycle progression,are overexpressed in patients with ESCC,and are associated with increased tumor invasion or metastasis.These findings suggest that Aurora-A and cyclin B1may therefore serve as useful biomarkers for evaluating advanced ESCC and determining disease prognosis[14–18].
OLC1was recently identified to be a candidate oncogene.It was originally identified by Yuan et al.[19]as one of fifty uncharacterized genes that were differentially expressed in squamous cell lung tumors compared with normal bronchial epithelial cells,and they named it OLC1.Recent studies from
Yuan et al.suggest that OLC1is overexpressed in human lung cancer,which may be linked to activation of the NF-k B pathway. In addition,a large-scale screening study of human genes has revealed that OLC1can activate the MAPK signaling pathway [20].
The OLC1gene is also known as KIAA0174,and its accession number is AK057902.OLC1gene spans33.47kb on human chromosome16q22.2,encoding the OLC1protein that consists of 364amino acids.This gene was first identified in non-lethal yeast mutants,and was named the Increased Sodium Tolerance1 (IST1)gene[21].The gene product of OLC1/IST1is highly conserved from humans to yeast.In yeast,IST1regulates the disassembly of endosomal sorting complexes,based on subcellular localization and the identification of specific protein-binding partners[22–25].To our knowledge,few studies reporting cancer-related activities of OLC1were made until recently. Because it is highly conserved,studying the roles of OLC1could provide more insights into elucidating its biological role in human tumorigenesis.
The role of OLC1in human esophageal carcinoma remains unknown.In this study,we evaluated the expression of OLC1in human ESCC at different stages of tumorigenesis,from normal, premalignant,and malignant lesions.We also established stable OLC1-overexpressing and OLC1-interfering cell lines,based on human esophageal cancer cell lines,to investigate the biological functions of OLC1.We identified relationships between the dysregulation of OLC1and the effects of cytotoxic agents on cell proliferation and apoptosis.Our study provides strong evidence suggesting that OLC1may contribute to the development of esophageal cancer.
Materials and Methods
Cell Lines and Cell Culture
Human ESCC Cell lines were grown in RPMI1640medium (Invitrogen)supplemented with10%fetal bovine serum,and maintained at37u C in a humidified5%CO2incubator.The human EC9706,KYSE510,KYSE180,KYSE450and KYSE150 were the origin of gifted cell lines indicated in our previous published references[15–18].
Plasmids,Cell Transfections,and the Establishment of Stable Cell Lines
The plasmids pEGFP-N1,pEGFP-N1-OLC1,PGCsi-U6/neo/ GFP-control and PGCsi-U6/neo/GFP-OLC1were all kind gifts from Prof.Shujun Cheng(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College,Beijing,China).Plasmid transfection was carried out using Lipofectamine2000(Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions,and transfected cells were selected with G418at400m g/mL(Geneticin sulfate,Gibco). For each transfection,colonies were trypsinized and collected to produce stable cell pools.The OLC1stable cell lines were validated by western blot analysis,RT-PCR,and GFP fluores-cence using fluorescence microscopy(Olympus).
Patients and Tissue Samples
All specimens used for the study were obtained from the paraffin-embedded tissue archives of our Department of Pathol-ogy,as indicated in our previous published references[14,15]. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number:12-71/605.issued date:July26,2012).All cancer patients in our Hospital were signed the clinical informed consent of surgical treatment.The tumor specimens resected were allowed for further pathological diagnosis and research program approved by the ethics committee of Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
All214formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded specimens were obtained from patients who were diagnosed with ESCC between 1999and2002.None of the patients had received radiotherapy or chemotherapy before surgery.All the cases were T3stage with invasion to adventitia,and none had shown evidence of distance metastases(M0).Among these patients,110were T3N1M0with lymph-node metastases,and104were T3N0M0without lymph-node metastases,with a gender distribution of172male to42 female.The age of patients ranged from31to81years,with a median of58.87.The214-paired ESCC tissues were used to prepare tissue microarrays,which were then used to analyze the correlation of OLC1expression with the malignant features of the tumors using immunohistochemistry(IHC).
An independent set of paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 28ESCC patients were used to verify the correlation between OLC1protein expression and the stages of tumorigenesis of human ESCC.Twenty-three of these samples were from males, while five were from females,and the age of the patients ranged from33to69years-of-age.These samples included25normal adjacent,28mild to moderate dysplasia,33severe dysplasia/ carcinoma in situ(CIS),and28invasive carcinoma tissues.
Two pathologists independently diagnosed all samples.One section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)for histological evaluation,and the others were used for IHC analysis. Immunohistochemical Staining for Evaluating OLC1 Protein Expression in ESCC
The tissue sections were deparaffinized in xylene,and rehydrated in graded ethanol.After antigen retrieval with sodium citrate,sections were blocked with1.5%normal blocking serum in PBS for1-hr at room temperature.They were then incubated with a1:100dilution of the primary anti-OLC1antibody(provided by Prof.Shujun Cheng)at4u C overnight.Sections were then washed 3times with PBS,and incubated with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit or-mouse immunoglobulin G for30min at room temperature.Finally,sections were incubated with H2O2-diaminobenzidine at room temperature until the desired intensity of stain had developed.All sections were counterstained with hematoxylin,dehydrated,and mounted to slides.
Semi-quantitative Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Staining
In the analysis of IHC-stained slides,visible brown granules in the cytoplasm were identified as positive OLC1staining.The staining intensity and extent of each specimen was reviewed.The staining intensity was rated as negative(0),bordering(1),weak(2), or strong(3),while the staining extent was rated based on the percentage of positive cells in the field.Samples with no stained cells were rated as0,those with,25%were rated1,those with 25%–50%were rated2,and those with.50%of cells stained were rated as3.The results of the staining intensity and extent gave an overall staining score.The samples in which the overall score was0were marked as(2),those that scored1to2marked as (6),3to4labelled(+),and5to6marked as(++).All slides were blindly labeled and scored by two independent pathologists. Statistical Analysis
All data represented at least three independent experiments and were statistically evaluated by Pearson chi-square test or Student’s
Figure1.Expression of OLC1in normal esophageal epithelium,dysplasia,and ESCC,as assessed by immunohistochemistry.(A) Images of representative IHC staining of OLC1in human ESCC and paired adjacent normal tissue,magnified100-and400-fold,as indicated.OLC1 staining in the cytoplasm of ESCC tissue was positive(A–a)and strongly positive(A–c),but the paired adjacent normal tissues showed no or faint OLC1staining(A–b and A–d).(B)The correlation of OLC1protein expression with the developmental stages of human ESCC.Representative images of OLC1staining in normal adjacent,mild dysplasia,moderate dysplasia,severe dysplasia,carcinoma in situ,and invasive carcinoma tissues(x200 magnification).
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090958.g001
t test with the statistical analysis software SPSS version19.0(IBM). Results are expressed as mean6SEM,and P values less than0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Cell Extraction and Western Blot
Cell extraction and western blotting analyses were performed as previously described[26].Caspase-3(sc-7148),Bcl-2(sc-509),and ?-actin(sc-8432)antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.All experiments were repeated three times.
RT-PCR
Total RNA was isolated from cells using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen)following the manufacturer’s instructions,and total RNA was reverse-transcribed as described(Invitrogen).The sequences of the RT-PCR primers for OLC1were:59-ACAGTGGGAGAGAGCACGTT-39(forward primer);59-GCACCTTGTCCTTTCTCTGC-39(reverse primer).These primers resulted in a PCR product that was435bp in length. For GAPDH,the primers were as follows:59-GCTGAGAACGG-GAAGCTTGT-39(forward primer);59-GCCAGGGGTGC-TAAGCAG-39(reverse primer),and they resulted in a PCR product of299bp.
Cell Growth
Cancer cells in the exponential growth phase were digested with trypsin,suspended in culture medium containing10%fetal bovine serum,and then seeded(26104cells per35-mm plates)in triplicate.For each plate,the cells were counted on days1,2,3,4, and5,and the growth curves were plotted.All experiments were repeated three times.
Colony Formation Assay
Cells were plated at a density of16103cells per well,in triplicate,on6-well plates.After14days in a humidified5%CO2 incubator at37u C,the plates were washed with PBS,and the cells were fixed in cold methanol and stained with0.5%crystal violet. Colonies with.50cells were counted,and all experiments were repeated three times.
Table1.The relationship between OLC1expression and patient clinicopathological characteristics.
Expression of OLC1protein Total Patients Percent positive(%)P value*
(2)(±)#(+)#(++)#
General
Normal Adjacent tissue155********.57
Tumor tissue691153021467.80,0.001
Gender
Male549325172
Female1621542.0.05
Age
,60416814123
$6029461691.0.05
TNM Stage
T3N0M038541210463.46
T3N1M032601811070.91.0.05
#(2)=no staining;(6)=background or faint staining;(+)=positive staining;(++)=intense staining.Samples marked(+)or(++)were considered positive for OLC1 protein expression.
*Significance was determined by Pearson chi-square test.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090958.t001
Table2.OLC1expression in esophageal samples with different lesions.
Expression of OLC1protein Total cases Percent Positive(%) Developmental stages(2)(±)#(+)#(++)#
Normal adjacent tissues21402516
Mi-DYS/Mo-DYS18732835
S-DYs/CIS111573366
Invasive Carcinoma612102871
#(2)=no staining;(6)=background or faint staining;(+)=positive staining;(++)=intense staining.Samples marked(+)or(++)were considered positive for OLC1 protein expression.
Significance was determined by Pearson chi-square test.S-DYs/CIS vs.Normal adjacent tissues,P,0.05;Invasive carcinoma vs.Normal adjacent tissues,P,0.05;Mi-DYS/ Mo-DYS vs.Normal adjacent tissues,P.0.05;S-DYs/CIS vs.Mi-DYs/Mo-DYs,P,0.05;Invasive carcinoma vs.Mi-DYs/Mo-DYs,P,0.05;Invasive carcinoma vs.S-DYs/CIS,P.
0.05.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090958.t002
DAPI Staining
Cells were trypsinized while in their exponential growth phase,suspended in culture with 10%fetal bovine serum,plated on to 30mm plates,and incubated for 24hr maintained at 37u C in a humidified 5%CO 2incubator.Cells were then treated with different doses of CDDP (cis-dichlorodiamine platinum,Haosen Pharmaceutical,Inc,Jiangsu,China).Cells were fixed with methanol,and nuclei were stained with 0.1m g/mL DAPI (49,69-diamidino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride,Sigma).Cells with con-densed nuclei when DAPI staining was visualized under a fluorescent microscope were deemed to be apoptotic.
Results
The Expression of OLC1Protein was Progressively Increased in the Different Stages of ESCC
To detect the expression of OLC1expression in human ESCC,214paired ESCC specimens were assessed by IHC staining followed by chi-squared analysis.The tumor samples all exhibited cytoplasmic staining of OLC1(Figure 1A–a and 1A–c),but the paired adjacent normal tissues showed no or faint cytoplasmic staining (Figure 1A–b and 1A–d).Immunohistochemical analysis showed that OLC1was overexpressed in 145out of 214(67.8%)human ESCC,compared with only 59of 214(27.57%)paired adjacent normal tissues (P ,0.001).However,we found
no
Figure 2.Construction of stable OLC1-overexpressing cell lines,and the effects of OLC1overexpression on KYSE150cells.(A)To investigate OLC1expressions among ESCC cell lines (EC9706,KYSE 510,KYSE 150,KYSE450and KYSE180),the relative protein levels of OLC1from these cell lines were examined by western blotting analysis.(B)KYSE150cells were transfected with pEGFP-N1-OLC1and pEGFP-N1,and stable,positive clones were selected using with G418(400m g/mL)from candidate clones.Two positive clones were designated as OLC-1and OLC-2,the null control colony was designated KYSE150/GFP.Confirmed by western blotting,the expressed GFP-OLC1fusion protein (68kDa)was detected in OLC-1and OLC-2,but not in KYSE150/GFP cells (C)mRNA levels of OLC1in OLC-1,OLC-2and KYSE150/GFP cells,assessed by RT-PCR.(D)Cell proliferation curves were calculated after counting the numbers of OLC-1,OLC-2and KYSE150/GFP cells for 5days.(E)The numbers of colonies of each cell line were counted,and then compared.All experiments were repeated three times.Significance was determined by the Student’s t test.*=P ,0.05;**=P ,0.001.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090958.g002
significant differences in OLC1expression between T3N0M0(63.46%,66/104)and T3N1M0(70.91%,78/110)in human ESCC tissues (P =0.394)(Table 1).An independent set of tissue sections taken from 28ESCC patients were used to verify the correlation between OLC1expression and the different stages of tumorigenesis of
human
Figure 3.The effects of OLC1overexpression on CDDP-induced apoptosis.(A)Cell lines were treated with CDDP at 0,20,40,or 80m M for 24h,followed by DAPI staining and analysis by fluorescent microscopy and photography.The total number of the apoptotic cells was counted,and the percentage of apoptotic cells was calculated.(B)Cells were treated with 20m M CDDP for different time periods (including 0,24,48,72h)as indicated,followed by DAPI staining.(C)Cells were treated with different doses of CDDP (including 0,10,20,40m M)for 24h,and the effects of OLC1on the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3and Bcl-2was assessed by western blotting.Significance was determined by the Student’s t test.*=P ,0.05;**=P ,0.001.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090958.g003
ESCC using IHC.As shown in Figure1B,mild/moderate dysplasia(Mi-DYs/Mo-DYs)samples showed weak OLC1stain-ing,while severe dysplasia(S-DYs)/carcinoma in situ(CIS),and invasive carcinoma tissues showed strong cytoplasmic staining.In contrast,normal tissues were negative for OLC1cytoplasmic staining.OLC1overexpression was detected in35%(10/28)of mild/moderate dysplasia specimens,but was significantly upregu-lated in66%(22/33)of severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ tissues(P,0.05).The OLC1expression in invasive carcinoma samples was71%(22/28),while16%(4/25)positive staining was observed in normal tissues(P,0.05)(Table2). Overexpression of OLC1Promotes the Growth and Colony Formation of ESCC Cells
To evaluate the role of OLC1expression in ESCC,the cell line KYSE150,which expresses a relatively low level of endogenous OLC1protein(Figure2A),was used.KYSE150cells were transfected with pEGFP-N1-OLC1or pEGFP-N1,and the stable OLC1-overexpressing cell line was named KYSE150/GFP-OLC1,while the null control clone was named KYSE150/GFP. Two OLC1overexpressing clones(OLC-1and OLC-2)and one null control clone were used for further analyses.As expected,the GFP-OLC1fusion protein(68kDa)was detected in OLC-1and OLC-2,but not in control cells(Figure2B).Consistent with these data,RT-PCR analysis showed a strong band in OLC-1and OLC-2cells,but only a weak band in KYSE150/GFP cells (Figure2C).We then used the3cell lines to assess the effects of OLC1overexpression on the characteristics of KYSE150cells using cell proliferation and colony formation assays.OLC-1and OLC-2grew significantly faster than KYSE150/GFP(P,0.05; Figure2D).In addition,the number of colonies formed by OLC-1 and OLC-2cells were440.33622.12and562611.53,which were significantly higher than that those formed by control cells (264.67626.27;P,0.001;Figure2E).
Apoptosis Inhibited by OLC1Overexpression is Associated with Attenuated Caspase-3Activation and Increased Bcl-2Stability
We further investigated the role of OLC1overexpression on CDDP-induced apoptosis in OLC-1and OLC-2and KYSE150/ GFP.CDDP induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in the3cells.However,the increases were lower in OLC-1and OLC-2compared with KYSE150/GFP(Figure3A).When the cells were treated with20m M CDDP,apoptosis increased over time in the3cell lines.The percentages of apoptotic OLC-1and OLC-2cells were also lower than their control cells(Figure3B). Taken together,these results suggest that the overexpression of OLC1inhibited CDDP-induced apoptosis in a time-and dose-dependent manner.
Next,western blotting was used to assess the expression of OLC1,Bcl-2,and caspase-3after cells had been treated with CDDP.As the concentration of CDDP increased(Figure3C),a concurrent fall in caspase-3pro-band was seen in both cell lines. However,less pro-band was seen in KYSE150/GFP compared with OLC-1cells.In addition,Bcl-2was more stable in OLC-1cells compared with KYSE150/GFP after treatment with CDDP. These data suggest that OLC1overexpression inhibits apoptosis, by stabilizing Bcl-2.
Stable Knockdown of Endogenous OLC1Inhibits Cell Growth and Increases CDDP-induced Apoptosis
EC9706cells,which express relatively higher levels of endogenous OLC1(Figure2A),were transfected with PGCsi-U6/neo/GFP-control or PGCsi-U6/neo/GFP-OLC1.We desig-nated the2stable OLC1knockdown clones as OLCsi-1and OLCsi-2,and the negative control as EC9706/pGCsi.As expected,the mRNA and protein levels of OLC1were reduced in OLCsi-1and OLCsi-2cells compared with EC9706/pGCsi,as assessed by western blotting and RT-PCR,respectively(Figure4A and4B).OLCsi-1and OLCsi-2cells grew slower(P,0.05)and formed fewer colonies(P,0.001)than EC9706/pGCsi cells (Figure4C and4D).
We further evaluated the effects of OLC1-interference on apoptosis with DAPI staining.CDDP-induced apoptosis in EC9706/pGCsi cells was markedly lower than in OLCsi-1and OLCsi-2cells,and they were all in a dose-and time-dependent manner(Figure4E and4F).
Discussion
ESCC is usually diagnosed when the tumor is at an advanced stage,and so frequently has poor prognosis.It is therefore important to identify new candidate markers to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.The abnormal expression of several proteins,including p63[27–29],SMAD6[30],SMAD7 [30,31],FHIT[3,32,33],and Annexin I[34,35],has been reported in the early stages of ESCC.
In this study,several experiments revealed that the expression of OLC1is progressively increased during the development of esophageal dysplasia and ESCC.This suggests that elevated expression of OLC1occurs before tumor metastasis,and that high OLC1levels are probably maintained until ESCC metastasizes.In addition,immunohistochemical analysis of214ESCC specimens at the T3stage,which show no significant differences in OLC1 expression between the non-lymph node(T3N0M0)and lymph node metastasis groups(T3N1M0)(Table1),support this conclusion.Alteration of OLC1expression could therefore be a critical event during the developmental of human esophageal carcinoma.Yuan et al.provided evidence that OLC1overexpres-sion may be involved in human lung carcinogenesis,especially during the early stages,which is consistent with our IHC data from ESCC patients.This suggests that the dysregulation of OLC1may contribute to the development of human ESCC.
ESCC is one of the most common malignant neoplasms,and apoptotic dysfunction plays an important role in its development. Accordingly,a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which OLC1-induces the malignant cellular phenotypes of ESCC is required.Here,we provided novel evidence that dysregulation of OLC1expression significantly alter the cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents.We
Figure4.OLC1-interfering cell lines and their differential effects on cell growth and apoptosis in response to CDDP treatment.(A) EC9706cells were transfected with PGCsi-U6/neo/GFP-control or PGCsi-U6/neo/GFP-OLC1.The2stable OLC1-interferencing cell lines and paired control were verified by western blotting,and named OLCsi-1,OLCsi-2and EC9706/pGCsi,respectively.(B)Evaluation of the mRNA levels of OLC1in OLCsi-1,OLCsi-2and EC9706/pGCsi cells,assessed by RT-PCR.(C)The cell proliferation curve was calculated from cell counting data over5days.(D) Graph showing the total numbers of colonies of OLCsi-1,OLCsi-2and EC9706/pGCsi cells.(E)OLCsi-1,OLCsi-2and EC9706/pGCsi cells were treated with CDDP at concentrations of0,20,40,80m M for24h,and apoptosis was assessed by DAPI staining.The graph shows the percent of apoptotic cells from each cell line.Significance was determined by the Student’s t test.*=P,0.05;**=P,0.001.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090958.g004
observed that OLC1overexpressing cells had increased prolifer-ation and resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis compared with control cells.Conversely,we constructed OLC1-knockdown cell lines in EC9706cells using siRNA,and stable knockdown of endogenous OLC1inhibited cell growth and sensitized cells to CDDP-induced apoptosis.In addition,OLC1overexpression led to reduced caspase-3activation,and enhanced stability of Bcl-2. Caspase-3is an important executioner caspase whose cleavage and activation leads to apoptosis executed by both death receptor-mediated or mitochondrial-dependent pathways[26,36–40].Bcl-2,an anti-apoptotic protein,suppresses apoptosis in several ways, including inhibiting cytochrome c release from the mitochondria [41–45].Our findings suggest that OLC1overexpression sup-presses cellular apoptosis,possibly by interfering with caspase-3 activation and enhancing Bcl-2stability.Taken together,these results suggest that the dysregulation of OLC1disrupts the delicate balance between cell growth and apoptosis.Our results therefore help to explain why abnormalities in OLC1expression contribute to a malignant cellular phenotype in ESCC.
Yuan et al.transformed NIH3T3cells with OLC1and injected them into nude mice to assess the tumorigenicity of OLC1[19]. Fibrosarcomas were detected in all animals that were inoculated with OLC1-expressing NIH3T3cells,but not in the control groups injected with the parental or empty-vector transfected cells. As a novel potential oncogene,our results reveal that OLC1is a cell cycle-dependent protein that may be involved with ubiquitin-dependent degradation[46].OLC1also plays a role in cytokinesis [47–51].Taken together,these data suggest that OLC1may play an important role in regulating the cell cycle,and ultimately cellular growth and apoptosis.However,more studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of OLC1dysregulation in esophageal tumorigenesis.
In conclusion,we report that OLC1is overexpressed in human ESCC;OLC1abnormalities may contribute to the development of human ESCC and have some important clinical significance. Acknowledgments
We thank Dr.Shimada at Kyoto University,Japan,for providing us with KYSE150,KYSE510,KYSE180,KYSE450and Prof.Mingrong Wang at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, China,for providing us with EC9706cells.We also are grateful to Prof. Shujun Cheng at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,China,for generously providing us with the pEGFP-N1, pEGFP-N1-OLC1,PGCsi-U6/neo/GFP-control and PGCsi-U6/neo/ GFP-OLC1plasmids.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments:TT QZ.Performed the experiments:XL J.Sho J.Shi.Analyzed the data:LX WC SS.Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools:LD MF NL.Wrote the paper:TT XL.
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如何写先进个人事迹 篇一：如何写先进事迹材料 如何写先进事迹材料 一般有两种情况：一是先进个人，如先进工作者、优秀党员、劳动模范等；一是先进集体或先进单位，如先进党支部、先进车间或科室，抗洪抢险先进集体等。无论是先进个人还是先进集体，他们的先进事迹，内容各不相同，因此要整理材料，不可能固定一个模式。一般来说，可大体从以下方面进行整理。 (1)要拟定恰当的标题。先进事迹材料的标题，有两部分内容必不可少，一是要写明先进个人姓名和先进集体的名称，使人一眼便看出是哪个人或哪个集体、哪个单位的先进事迹。二是要概括标明先进事迹的主要内容或材料的用途。例如《王鬃同志端正党风的先进事迹》、《关于评选张鬃同志为全国新长征突击手的材料》、《关于评选鬃处党支部为省直机关先进党支部的材料》等。 (2)正文。正文的开头，要写明先进个人的简要情况，包括：姓名、性别、年龄、工作单位、职务、是否党团员等。此外，还要写明有关单位准备授予他(她)什么荣誉称号，或给予哪种形式的奖励。对先进集体、先进单位，要根据其先进事迹的主要内容，寥寥数语即应写明，不须用更多的文字。 然后，要写先进人物或先进集体的主要事迹。这部分内容是全篇材料
的主体，要下功夫写好，关键是要写得既具体，又不繁琐；既概括，又不抽象；既生动形象，又很实在。总之，就是要写得很有说服力，让人一看便可得出够得上先进的结论。比如，写一位端正党风先进人物的事迹材料，就应当着重写这位同志在发扬党的优良传统和作风方面都有哪些突出的先进事迹，在同不正之风作斗争中有哪些突出的表现。又如，写一位搞改革的先进人物的事迹材料，就应当着力写这位同志是从哪些方面进行改革的，已经取得了哪些突出的成果，特别是改革前后的．经济效益或社会效益都有了哪些明显的变化。在写这些先进事迹时，无论是先进个人还是先进集体的，都应选取那些具有代表性的具体事实来说明。必要时还可运用一些数字，以增强先进事迹材料的说服力。 为了使先进事迹的内容眉目清晰、更加条理化，在文字表述上还可分成若干自然段来写，特别是对那些涉及较多方面的先进事迹材料，采取这种写法尤为必要。如果将各方面内容材料都混在一起，是不易写明的。在分段写时，最好在每段之前根据内容标出小标题，或以明确的观点加以概括，使标题或观点与内容浑然一体。 最后，是先进事迹材料的署名。一般说，整理先进个人和先进集体的材料，都是以本级组织或上级组织的名义；是代表组织意见的。因此，材料整理完后，应经有关领导同志审定，以相应一级组织正式署名上报。这类材料不宜以个人名义署名。 写作典型经验材料-般包括以下几部分： (1)标题。有多种写法，通常是把典型经验高度集中地概括出来，一
·PC：个人计算机Personal Computer ·CPU：中央处理器Central Processing Unit ·CPU Fan：中央处理器的“散热器”(Fan) ·MB：主机板MotherBoard ·RAM：内存Random Access Memory，以PC-代号划分规格，如PC-133，PC-1066，PC-2700 ·HDD：硬盘Hard Disk Drive ·FDD：软盘Floopy Disk Drive ·CD-ROM：光驱Compact Disk Read Only Memory ·DVD-ROM：DVD光驱Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory ·CD-RW：刻录机Compact Disk ReWriter ·VGA：显示卡(显示卡正式用语应为Display Card) ·AUD：声卡(声卡正式用语应为Sound Card) ·LAN：网卡(网卡正式用语应为Network Card) ·MODM：数据卡或调制解调器Modem ·HUB：集线器
·WebCam：网络摄影机 ·Capture：影音采集卡 ·Case：机箱 ·Power：电源 ·Moniter：屏幕，CRT为显像管屏幕，LCD为液晶屏幕 ·USB：通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus，用来连接外围装置·IEEE1394：新的高速序列总线规格Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers ·Mouse：鼠标，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB ·KB：键盘，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB ·Speaker：喇叭 ·Printer：打印机 ·Scanner：扫描仪 ·UPS：不断电系统 ·IDE：指IDE接口规格Integrated Device Electronics，IDE接口装置泛指采用IDE接口的各种设备
小学生个人读书事迹简介怎么写800字 书,是人类进步的阶梯,苏联作家高尔基的一句话道出了书的重要。书可谓是众多名人的“宠儿”。历来,名人说出关于书的名言数不胜数。今天小编在这给大家整理了小学生个人读书事迹,接下来随着小编一起来看看吧! 小学生个人读书事迹1 “万般皆下品,惟有读书高”、“书中自有颜如玉,书中自有黄金屋”,古往今来,读书的好处为人们所重视,有人“学而优则仕”,有人“满腹经纶”走上“传道授业解惑也”的道路……但是,从长远的角度看,笔者认为读书的好处在于增加了我们做事的成功率,改善了生活的质量。 三国时期的大将吕蒙,行伍出身,不重视文化的学习,行文时,常常要他人捉刀。经过主君孙权的劝导,吕蒙懂得了读书的重要性,从此手不释卷,成为了一代儒将,连东吴的智囊鲁肃都对他“刮目相待”。后来的事实证明,荆州之战的胜利,擒获“武圣”关羽,离不开吕蒙的“运筹帷幄,决胜千里”,而他的韬略离不开平时的读书。由此可见,一个人行事的成功率高低,与他的对读书,对知识的重视程度是密切相关的。 的物理学家牛顿曾近说过,“如果我比别人看得更远,那是因为我站在巨人的肩上”,鲜花和掌声面前,一代伟人没有迷失方向,自始至终对读书保持着热枕。牛顿的话语告诉我们,渊博的知识能让我们站在更高、更理性的角度来看问题,从而少犯错误,少走弯路。
读书的好处是显而易见的,但是,在社会发展日新月异的今天,依然不乏对读书,对知识缺乏认知的人,《今日说法》中我们反复看到农民工没有和用人单位签订劳动合同,最终讨薪无果;屠户不知道往牛肉里掺“巴西疯牛肉”是犯法的;某父母坚持“棍棒底下出孝子”,结果伤害了孩子的身心,也将自己送进了班房……对书本,对知识的零解读让他们付出了惨痛的代价,当他们奔波在讨薪的路上,当他们面对高墙电网时,幸福,从何谈起?高质量的生活,从何谈起? 读书,让我们体会到“锄禾日当午,汗滴禾下土”的艰辛;读书,让我们感知到“四海无闲田,农夫犹饿死”的无奈;读书,让我们感悟到“为报倾城随太守,西北望射天狼”的豪情壮志。 读书的好处在于提高了生活的质量,它填补了我们人生中的空白,让我们不至于在大好的年华里无所事事,从书本中,我们学会提炼出有用的信息,汲取成长所需的营养。所以,我们要认真读书,充分认识到读书对改善生活的重要意义,只有这样,才是一种负责任的生活态度。 小学生个人读书事迹2 所谓读一本好书就是交一个良师益友,但我认为读一本好书就是一次大冒险,大探究。一次体会书的过程,真的很有意思,咯咯的笑声,总是从书香里散发;沉思的目光也总是从书本里透露。是书给了我启示,是书填补了我无聊的夜空,也是书带我遨游整个古今中外。所以人活着就不能没有书,只要爱书你就是一个爱生活的人,只要爱书你就是一个大写的人,只要爱书你就是一个懂得珍惜与否的人。可真所谓
个人先进事迹简介 01 在思想政治方面,xxxx同学积极向上,热爱祖国、热爱中国共产党,拥护中国共产党的领导.利用课余时间和党课机会认真学习政治理论,积极向党组织靠拢. 在学习上,xxxx同学认为只有把学习成绩确实提高才能为将来的实践打下扎实的基础,成为社会有用人才.学习努力、成绩优良. 在生活中,善于与人沟通,乐观向上,乐于助人.有健全的人格意识和良好的心理素质和从容、坦诚、乐观、快乐的生活态度,乐于帮助身边的同学,受到师生的好评. 02 xxx同学认真学习政治理论,积极上进,在校期间获得原院级三好生,和校级三好生,优秀团员称号,并获得三等奖学金. 在学习上遇到不理解的地方也常常向老师请教,还勇于向老师提出质疑.在完成自己学业的同时,能主动帮助其他同学解决学习上的难题,和其他同学共同探讨,共同进步. 在社会实践方面,xxxx同学参与了中国儿童文学精品“悦”读书系,插画绘制工作,xxxx同学在班中担任宣传委员,工作积极主动,认真负责,有较强的组织能力.能够在老师、班主任的指导下独立完成学院、班级布置的各项工作. 03 xxx同学在政治思想方面积极进取,严格要求自己.在学习方面刻苦努力,不断钻研,学习成绩优异,连续两年荣获国家励志奖学金；作
为一名学生干部,她总是充满激情的迎接并完成各项工作,荣获优秀团干部称号.在社会实践和志愿者活动中起到模范带头作用. 04 xxxx同学在思想方面,积极要求进步,为人诚实,尊敬师长.严格 要求自己.在大一期间就积极参加了党课初、高级班的学习,拥护中国共产党的领导,并积极向党组织靠拢. 在工作上,作为班中的学习委员,对待工作兢兢业业、尽职尽责 的完成班集体的各项工作任务.并在班级和系里能够起骨干带头作用.热心为同学服务,工作责任心强. 在学习上,学习目的明确、态度端正、刻苦努力,连续两学年在 班级的综合测评排名中获得第1.并荣获院级二等奖学金、三好生、优秀班干部、优秀团员等奖项. 在社会实践方面,积极参加学校和班级组织的各项政治活动,并 在志愿者活动中起到模范带头作用.积极锻炼身体.能够处理好学习与工作的关系,乐于助人,团结班中每一位同学,谦虚好学,受到师生的好评. 05 在思想方面,xxxx同学积极向上,热爱祖国、热爱中国共产党,拥护中国共产党的领导.作为一名共产党员时刻起到积极的带头作用,利用课余时间和党课机会认真学习政治理论. 在工作上,作为班中的团支部书记,xxxx同学积极策划组织各类 团活动,具有良好的组织能力. 在学习上,xxxx同学学习努力、成绩优良、并热心帮助在学习上有困难的同学,连续两年获得二等奖学金. 在生活中,善于与人沟通,乐观向上,乐于助人.有健全的人格意 识和良好的心理素质.
学电脑必懂的53个英文单词和缩写（我不信你都认识） 潜龙飞天发表于2010年06月28日 09:36 阅读(1) 评论(0) 分类：个人日记 举报 PC：个人计算机Personal Computer ·CPU：中央处理器Central Processing Unit ·CPU Fan：中央处理器的“散热器”(Fan) ·MB：主机板MotherBoard ·RAM：内存Random Access Memory，以PC-代号划分规格，如PC-133，PC-1066，PC-2700 ·HDD：硬盘Hard Disk Drive ·FDD：软盘Floopy Disk Drive ·CD-ROM：光驱Compact Disk Read Only Memory ·DVD-ROM：DVD光驱Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory ·CD-RW：刻录机Compact Disk ReWriter ·VGA：显示卡(显示卡正式用语应为Display Card) ·AUD：声卡(声卡正式用语应为Sound Card) ·LAN：网卡(网卡正式用语应为Network Card) ·MODM：数据卡或调制解调器Modem ·HUB：集线器
·WebCam：网络摄影机 ·Capture：影音采集卡 ·Case：机箱 ·Power：电源 ·Moniter：屏幕，CRT为显像管屏幕，LCD为液晶屏幕 ·USB：通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus，用来连接外围装置 ·IEEE1394：新的高速序列总线规格Institute of Electrical Ａnd Electronic Engineers ·Mouse：鼠标，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB ·KB：键盘，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB ·Speaker：喇叭 ·Printer：打印机 ·Scanner：扫描仪 ·UPS：不断电系统 ·IDE：指IDE接口规格Integrated Device Electronics，IDE接口装置泛指采用IDE接口的各种设备 ·SCSI：指SCSI接口规格Small Computer System Interface，SCSI 接口装置泛指采用SCSI接口的各种设备 ·GHz：(中央处理器运算速度达)Gega赫兹/每秒 ·FSB：指“前端总线(Front Side Bus)”频率，以MHz为单位 ·ATA：指硬盘传输速率ATAttachment，ATA-133表示传输速率为133MB/sec
使用电脑必懂的53个英文单词和缩写
使用电脑必懂的53个英文单词和缩写 ·PC：个人计算机Personal Computer ·CPU：中央处理器Central Processing Unit ·CPU Fan：中央处理器的“散热器”(Fan) ·MB：主机板MotherBoard ·RAM：内存Random Access Memory，以PC-代号划分规格，如PC-133，PC-1066，PC-2700 ·HDD：硬盘Hard Disk Drive ·FDD：软盘Floopy Disk Drive ·CD-ROM：光驱Compact Disk Read Only Memory ·DVD-ROM：DVD光驱Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory ·CD-RW：刻录机Compact Disk ReWriter ·VGA：显示卡(显示卡正式用语应为Display Card) ·AUD：声卡(声卡正式用语应为Sound Card) ·LAN：网卡(网卡正式用语应为Network Card) ·MODM：数据卡或调制解调器Modem ·HUB：集线器 ·WebCam：网络摄影机 ·Capture：影音采集卡 ·Case：机箱 ·Power：电源
·Moniter：屏幕，CRT为显像管屏幕，LCD为液晶屏幕 ·USB：通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus，用来连接外围装置·IEEE1394：新的高速序列总线规格Institute of Electrical Ａnd Electronic Engineers ·Mouse：鼠标，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB ·KB：键盘，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB ·Speaker：喇叭 ·Printer：打印机 ·Scanner：扫描仪 ·UPS：不断电系统 ·IDE：指IDE接口规格Integrated Device Electronics，IDE接口装置泛指采用IDE接口的各种设备 ·SCSI：指SCSI接口规格Small Computer System Interface，SCSI接口装置泛指采用SCSI接口的各种设备 ·GHz：(中央处理器运算速度达)Gega赫兹/每秒 ·FSB：指“前端总线(Front Side Bus)”频率，以MHz为单位·ATA：指硬盘传输速率AT Attachment，ATA-133表示传输速率为133MB/sec ·AGP：显示总线Accelerated Graphics Port，以2X，4X，8X表示传输频宽模式 ·PCI：外围装置连接端口Peripheral Component Interconnect ·ATX：指目前电源供应器的规格，也指主机板标准大小尺寸·BIOS：硬件(输入/输出)基本设置程序Basic Input Output System
优秀党务工作者事迹简介范文 优秀党务工作者事迹简介范文 ***，男，198*年**月出生，200*年加入党组织，现为***支部书记。从事党务工作以来，兢兢业业、恪尽职守、辛勤工作，出色地完成了各项任务，在思想上、政治上同党中央保持高度一致，在业务上不断进取，团结同事，在工作岗位上取得了一定成绩。 一、严于律己，勤于学习 作为一名党务工作者，平时十分注重知识的更新，不断加强党的理论知识的学习，坚持把学习摆在重要位置，学习领会和及时掌握党和国家的路线、方针、政策，特别是党的十九大精神，注重政治理论水平的提高，具有坚定的理论信念;坚持党的基本路线，坚决执行党的各项方针政策，自觉履行党员义务，正确行使党员权利。平时注重加强业务和管理知识的学习，并运用到工作中去，不断提升自身工作能力，具有开拓创新精神，在思想上、政治上和行动上时刻同党中央保持高度一致。 二、求真务实，开拓进取 在工作中任劳任怨，踏实肯干，坚持原则，认真做好学院的党务工作，按照党章的要求，严格发展党员的每一个步骤，认真细致的对待每一份材料。配合党总支书记做好学院的党建工作，完善党总支建设方面的文件、材料和工作制度、管理制度等。
三、生活朴素，乐于助人 平时重视与同事间的关系，主动与同事打成一片，善于发现他人的难处，及时妥善地给予帮助。在其它同志遇到困难时，积极主动伸出援助之手，尽自己最大努力帮助有需要的人。养成了批评与自我批评的优良作风，时常反省自己的工作，学习和生活。不但能够真诚的指出同事的缺点，也能够正确的对待他人的批评和意见。面对误解，总是一笑而过，不会因为误解和批评而耿耿于怀，而是诚恳的接受，从而不断的提高自己。在生活上勤俭节朴，不铺张浪费。 身为一名老党员，我感到责任重大，应该做出表率，挤出更多的时间来投入到**党总支的工作中，不找借口，不讲条件，不畏困难，将总支建设摆在更重要的位置，解开工作中的思想疙瘩，为攻坚克难铺平道路，以支部为纽带，像战友一样团结，像家庭一样维系，像亲人一样关怀，践行入党誓言。把握机遇，迎接挑战，不负初心。
主要事迹简介怎么写 概括?简要地反映?个单位(集体)或个?事迹的材料。简要事迹不?定很短，如果情况 多的话，也有?千字的。简要事迹虽然“简要”，但切忌语?空洞，写得像?学?期末鉴定。 ?应当以事实来说话。简要事迹是对某单位或个?情况概括?简要地反映情况，?如有三个??很突出，就写三个??，只是写某???时，要把主要事迹突出出来。 简要事迹?般来说，?少要包括两个??的内容。?是基本情况。简要事迹开头，往往要??段?字来表述?些基本情况。如写?个单位的简要事迹，应包括这个单位的?员、 承担的任务以及?段时间以来取得的主要成绩。如写个?的简要事迹，应包括该同志的性 别、出?年?、参加?作时间、籍贯、民族、?化程度以及何时起任现职和主要成绩。这 样上级组织在看了材料的开头，就会对这个单位或个?有?个基本印象。?是主要特点。 这是简要事迹的主体部分，最突出的事例有?个??就写成?块，并按照?定的逻辑关系进 ?排列，把同类的事例排在?起，?个??通常由?个?然段或?个?然段组成。 写作时，特别要注意以下四点： 1.?第三?称。就是把所要写的对象，是集体的?“他们”来表述，是个?的称之为“他(她)”。 (她)”，单位可直接写名称，个?可写其姓名。 为了避免连续出现?个“他们”或“他 2.掌握好时限。?论是单位或个?的简要事迹，都有?个时间跨度，既不要扯得太远，也不 要故意混淆时间概念，把过去的事当成现在的事写。这个时间跨度多长，要根据实际情况 ?定。如上级要某个同志担任乡长以来的情况就写他任乡长以来的事迹;上级要该同志两年 来的情况，就写两年来的事迹。当然，有时为了需要，也可适当地写?点超过这个时间的 背景情况。 3.?点他?的语?。就是在写简要事迹时，可?些群众的语?或有关?员的语?，这样会给??种?动、真切的感觉，衬托出写作对象?较?的思想境界。在?他?语?时，可适当加?，但不能造假。 4.?事实说话。简要事迹的每?个??可分为多个层次，?个层次先??句话作为观点，再???两个突出的事例来说明。?事实说话时，要尽量把?个事例说完整，以给?留下深 刻印象。
树立榜样的个人事迹简介怎么写800字 榜样是阳光,温暖着我们的心;榜样如马鞭,鞭策着我们努力奋斗;榜样似路灯,照亮着我们前进的方向。今天小编在这给大家整理了树立榜样传递正能量事迹作文,接下来随着小编一起来看看吧! 树立榜样传递正能量事迹1 “一心向着党”,是他向着社会主义的坚定政治立场;“人的生命是有限的,可是,为人民服务是无限的,我要把有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去”,是他的至理名言;“甘学革命的“螺丝钉”,是他干一行爱一行、钻一行的爱岗敬业态度。他——雷锋,是我们每一个人的“偶像”…… 雷锋的事迹传遍大江南北,他,曾被人们称为可敬的“傻子”。一九六零年八月,驻地抚顺发洪水,运输连接到了抗洪抢险命令。他强忍着刚刚参加救火工作被烧伤的手的疼痛,又和战友们在上寺水库大坝连续奋战了七天七夜,被记了一次二等功。望花区召开了大生产号召动员大会,声势很大,他上街办事,正好看到这个场面,他取出存折上在工厂和部队攒的200元钱,那时,他的存折上只剩下了203元,就跑到望花区党委办公室要为之捐献出来,为建设祖国做点贡献,接侍他的同志实在无法拒绝他的这份情谊,只好收下一半。另100元在辽阳遭受百年不遇洪水的时候,他捐献给了正处于水深火热之中的辽阳人民。在我国受到严重的自然灾害的情况下,他为国家建设,为灾区捐献出自已的全部积蓄,却舍不得喝一瓶汽水。就这样,他毫不犹豫的捐出了自己的所有积蓄,不求功名,不求名利,只求自己心安理得,只求为
革命献出自己的微薄之力,甘愿做革命的“螺丝钉”——在一次施工任务中,他整天驾驶汽车东奔西跑,很难抽出时间学习,他就把书装在挎包里,随身带在身边,只要车一停,没有其他工作时,就坐在驾驶室里看书。他曾经在自己的日记中写下这样一段话：”有些人说工作忙,没时间学习,我认为问题不在工作忙,而在于你愿不愿意学习,会不会挤时间来学习。要学习的时间是总是有的,问题是我们善不善于挤,愿不愿意钻。一块好好的木板,上面一个眼也没有,但钉子为什么能钉进去呢?这就是靠压力硬挤进去的。由此看来,钉子有两个长处：一个是挤劲,一个是钻劲。我们在学习上也要提倡这种”钉子“精神,善于挤和钻。”这就是他,用自己的实际行动来证明自己,用自己的亲生经历来感化世人,用自己的所作所为来传颂古今……人们都拼命地学习他的精神,他的精神被不同肤色的人所敬仰。现在,一切都在变,但是,那些决定人类向前发展的基本要素没有变,那些美好的事物没有变,那些所谓的“螺丝钉”精神没有变——而这正是他的功劳,是他开启了无私奉献精神的大门,为后人树立了做人的榜样…… 这就是他,一位中国家喻户晓的全心全意为人民服务的楷模,一位共产主义战士!他作为一名普通的中国人民解放军战士,在他短暂的一生中却助人无数。而且,伟大领袖毛泽东主席于1963年3月5日亲笔为他题词：“向雷锋同志学习”。 正是因为如此,全国刮起了学习雷锋的热潮。雷锋已经离开我们很长时间了。但是雷锋的精神却深深地在所有中国人心中扎下了根,现在它已经长成一株小树。正以其顽强的生命力,茁壮成长。我坚信,
53个英文缩写 PC：个人计算机Personal Computer ·CPU：中央处理器Central Processing Unit ·CPU Fan：中央处理器的“散热器”(Fan) ·MB：主机板MotherBoard ·RAM：内存Random Access Memory，以PC-代号划分规格，如PC-133，PC-1066，PC-2700 ·HDD：硬盘Hard Disk Drive ·FDD：软盘Floopy Disk Drive ·CD-ROM：光驱Compact Disk Read Only Memory ·DVD-ROM：DVD光驱Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory ·CD-RW：刻录机Compact Disk ReWriter ·VGA：显示卡(显示卡正式用语应为Display Card) ·AUD：声卡(声卡正式用语应为Sound Card) ·LAN：网卡(网卡正式用语应为Network Card) ·MODM：数据卡或调制解调器Modem ·HUB：集线器 ·WebCam：网络摄影机 ·Capture：影音采集卡 ·Case：机箱 ·Power：电源 ·Moniter：屏幕，CRT为显像管屏幕，LCD为液晶屏幕 ·USB：通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus，用来连接外围装置 ·IEEE1394：新的高速序列总线规格Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers ·Mouse：鼠标，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB ·KB：键盘，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB ·Speaker：喇叭 ·Printer：打印机 ·Scanner：扫描仪 ·UPS：不断电系统 ·IDE：指IDE接口规格Integrated Device Electronics，IDE接口装置泛指采用IDE接口的各种设备 ·SCSI：指SCSI接口规格Small Computer System Interface，SCSI接口装置泛指采用SCSI接口的各种设备 ·GHz：(中央处理器运算速度达)Gega赫兹/每秒 ·FSB：指“前端总线(Front Side Bus)”频率，以MHz为单位 ·A TA：指硬盘传输速率AT Attachment，ATA-133表示传输速率为133MB/sec ·AGP：显示总线Accelerated Graphics Port，以2X，4X，8X表示传输频宽模式
大学生先进事迹简介怎么写 苑xx，男，汉族，1990年07月22日出生，中国共青团团员，入党积极分子，现任xx学院电气优创0902班班长，担任xx学院09级总负责人、xx学院团委学生会科创部干事、xx学院文艺团主持部部长。 步入大学生活一年以来，他思想积极，表现优秀，努力向党组织靠拢，学习刻苦，品学兼优，工作认真负责，脚踏实地，生活勤俭节约，乐于助人。一直坚持多方面发展，全面锻炼自我，注重综合能力、素质拓展能力的培养。再不懈的努力下获得了多项荣誉： ●获得09-10学年xx大学“百佳千优”(文化体育)一等奖学金和“百佳千优”(班级建设)二等奖学金; ●获得09-10学年xx大学“优秀学生干部”荣誉称号; ●2010年xx大学普通话知识竞赛中获得一等奖; ●2010年xx大学主持人大赛中获得一等奖，被评为金话筒; ●xx学院首届“大学生文明修身”活动周——再生比赛中获得一等奖; ●xx学院首届“大学生文明修身”活动周——演讲比赛中获得一等奖。 一、刻苦钻研树学风 作为班长，他在学习方面，将班级同学分成各个学习小组，布置每日学习任务，分组竞争，通过开展各项趣味学习活动，全面调动班级同学的积极性，如：排演英语戏剧、文学常识竞答、数学辅导小组等。他带领全班同学努力学习、勤奋刻苦，全班同学奖学金获得率达91%，四级通过率达66%。 二、勤劳负责建班风
在日常班级工作中，他尽心尽力，通过网络组织建立班级博客，把班级的日常情况，班级比赛，特色主题班会等活动，及时上传到 班级博客，以方便更多同学了解自己的班级，也把班级的魅力、特色，更全面、更具体的展现出来。 在班级建设中，他带领全班同学参加学院组织的各项文体活动中也收获颇多： ●在xx学院首届“大学生文明修身”活动周中荣获第二名， ●xx学院首届乒乓球比赛中荣获第一名、精神文明奖， ●在xx学院“迎新杯”男子篮球赛中荣获第四名、最佳组织奖。 除了参加学院组织的各项活动外，为了进一步丰富班级同学们的课余生活，他在班级内积极开展各式各样的课余活动： ●普通话知识趣味比赛，感受中华语言的魅力，复习语文文学常识，为南方同学打牢普通话基础，推广普通话知识。 ●“我的团队我的班”主题班会活动中，创办特色活动“情暖你我心”天使行动，亲切问候、照顾其他同学的生活、学习方面细节 小事，即使在寒冷的冬天，也要让外省的同学感受到家一样的温暖。 ●“预览科技知识”科技宫之行，作为现代大学生，不能只顾书本知识，也要跟上时代，了解时代前沿最新科技。 ●感恩节“感谢我们身边的人”主题班会活动，在这个特殊的节日里，他带领同学们通过寄贺卡、送礼物等方式，来感谢老师辛勤 的付出;每人写一封家书，寄给父母，感谢父母劳苦的抚育，把他们 的感激之情，转化为实际行动来感化周围的人;印发感恩宣传单，发 给行人，唤醒人们的感恩的心。 三、热情关怀暖人心 生活中，他更能发挥榜样力量，团结同学，增强班级凝聚力。时刻观察每一位同学的情绪状态，在心理上帮助同学。他待人热情诚恳，积极帮助生活中有困难的同学：得知班级同学生病高烧，病情 严重，马上放下午饭，赶到同学寝室，背起重病同学到校医院进行
个人事迹简介 我是来自计算机与与软件学院的学生，现在为青年志愿者协会的干事，在班级担任生活委员。在过去的一年里，我注重个人能力的培养积极向上，热心公益，服务群众，奉献社会，热忱的投身于青年支援者的行动中！一年时间虽短，但在这一年的时间里，作为一名志愿者，我确信我成长了很多，成熟了很多。“奉献、友爱、互助、进步”这是我们志愿者的精神，在献出爱心的同时，得到的是帮助他人的满足和幸福，得到的是无限的快乐与感动。路虽漫漫，吾将上下而求索！在以后的日子里，我会在志愿者事业上做的更好。 在思想上，我积极进取,关心国家大事，并多次与同学们一起学习志愿者精神,希望我们会在新的世纪里继续努力,发扬我国青年的光传统,不懈奋斗,不断创造,奋勇前进,为实现中华民族的伟大复兴做出了更大的贡献。 在学习上刻苦认真，抓紧时间，不仅学习好学科基础知识，更加学好专业课知识，在课堂上积极配合老师的教学，乐意帮助其它同学，有什么好的学习资料，学习心得也与他们交流，希望大家能共同进步。在上一个年度总成绩在班级排名第四，综合考评在班级排名第二。在工作中，我认真负责，出色的完成老师、同学交给的各项任务，所以班级人际关系良好。
此外参加了学院组织的活动，并踊跃地参加，发挥自己的特长，为班级争得荣誉。例如：参加校举办的大合唱比赛并获得良好成绩；参加了计算机与软件学院党校学习并顺利结业；此外,参加了计算机与软件进行的“计算机机房义务打扫与系统维护”的活动。在这些活动中体验到了大学生生活的乐趣。 现将多次参与各项志愿活动汇报如下：2013年10月26日，参加计算机与软件学院团总支实践部、计算机与软件学院青年志愿者协会组织“志愿者在五福家园的健身公园开展义务家教招新活动”；2013年11月7日，参加组成计算机与软件学院运动员方阵在田径场参加学院举办的学校运动会；2013年12月5日，参与学校学院组织的”一二．五“大合唱比赛；2014年3月12日，参加由宿舍站长组织义务植树并参与植树活动；2014年3月23日，在计算机与软件学院团总支书记茅老师的带领下，民俗文化传承协会、计算机与软件学院青年志愿者协会以及学生会的同学们参观了“计算机软件学院的文化素质教育共建基地--南京市民俗博物馆”的活动；2014年3月26日，参加有宿舍站长组织的“清扫宿舍公寓周围死角垃圾”的活动；2014年4月5日，参加由校青年志愿者协会、校实践部组织的“南京市雨花台扫墓”活动，2014年4月9日，作为班级代表参加计算机软件学院组织部组织的“计算机应用office操作大赛”的活动。 在参与各项志愿活动的同时，我的学习、工作、生活能力得到了提高和认可，丰富生活体验，提供学习的机会，提供学习的机会。
《个人事迹简介》 个人事迹简介（一）： 李维波，男，中共党员，自2003年应聘农电工以来，他就把自己的一切奉献给了他热爱的电力事业。在多年的工作中爱岗敬业，勤勤恳恳，任劳任怨。2003年至2007年先后担任过xx供电所线损管理员、用电检查管理员、两率管理员、线路工作负责人;2007年调到xx供电所任用电检查管理员、客户经理;2009年5月调到xx供电所任营销员兼用电检查管理员。 刚踏入电力工作的时候，他还是个电力行业的门外汉，可他深深的明白：知识改变思想!思想改变行动!行动决定命运这句话，明白在当今学习的社会里，对于电力更就应不断的吸取新的知识，更新新的观念，以满足时代对于电力的更高的要求。正是这样他透过自己的努力学习，一步步的从门外汉变成了此刻的技术骨干。 一、加强政治学习，提高理论思想水平 多年以来，他在工作中始终坚持学习邓小平理论和三个代表重要思想。他深知：一个人只有有了与时俱进的思想做指导，人的认识才会提高，思想才能净化，行为也才能与时代同步，与社会同步，与发展同步，也才能成为社会发展的推动者、有作为者，正因为如此，他严格要求自己，认真学习思想理论方面的知识，抓紧一切时间学习，认真听，做好笔记，写好心得，并且用三个代表思想来约束自己，不断提高自身的修养，从而真正实践党的全心全意为人民服务的宗旨。 二、加强专业知识的学习，提高专业技术 在当今信息化的时代，科学技术飞速发展，尤其在电力行业这个技术密集型企业中，学习显得尤为重要。从踏进电力企业的大门开始，他就自觉学习专业知识，以书本为老师，阅读各方面的相关书籍，不断丰富自己的理论基础;以老同志为师傅，细心观察他们的实际操作，不断丰富自己的实践经验;以实践为老师，从中加深对知识的理解和领会。从2003年开始，学会了计算机普通操作，掌握了电力安全方面相关知识、电工基础知识、供电营业规则，参加局每年安规考试多次得到全局前十名，2005年农电体制改革考试应知和应会总分全局第5名。 三、发扬三千精神，做好优质服务 2007年，xx所因滩坑移民影响，电费回收率难以上升，应对电费回收的复杂严峻形势，
计算机组装必懂的53个英文单词和缩写 PC：个人计算机Personal Computer CPU：中央处理器Central Processing Unit CPU Fan：中央处理器的“散热器”(Fan) MB：主机板MotherBoard RAM：内存Random Access Memory，以PC-代号划分规格，如PC-133，PC-1066，PC-2700 HDD：硬盘Hard Disk Drive FDD：软盘Floopy Disk Drive CD-ROM：光驱Compact Disk Read Only Memory DVD-ROM：DVD光驱Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory CD-RW：刻录机Compact Disk ReWriter VGA：显示卡(显示卡正式用语应为Display Card) AUD：声卡(声卡正式用语应为Sound Card) LAN：网卡(网卡正式用语应为Network Card) MODM：数据卡或调制解调器Modem HUB：集线器 WebCam：网络摄影机 Capture：影音采集卡 Case：机箱 Power：电源 Moniter：屏幕，CRT为显像管屏幕，LCD为液晶屏幕
USB：通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus，用来连接外围装置IEEE1394：新的高速序列总线规格Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Mouse：鼠标，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB KB：键盘，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB Speaker：喇叭 Printer：打印机 Scanner：扫描仪 UPS：不断电系统 IDE：指IDE接口规格Integrated Device Electronics，IDE接口装置泛指采用IDE接口的各种设备 SCSI：指SCSI接口规格Small Computer System Interface，SCSI 接口装置泛指采用SCSI接口的各种设备 GHz：(中央处理器运算速度达)Gega赫兹/每秒 FSB：指“前端总线(Front Side Bus)”频率，以MHz为单位 ATA：指硬盘传输速率AT Attachment，ATA-133表示传输速率为133MB/sec AGP：显示总线Accelerated Graphics Port，以2X，4X，8X表示传输频宽模式 PCI：外围装置连接端口Peripheral Component Interconnect ATX：指目前电源供应器的规格，也指主机板标准大小尺寸BIOS：硬件(输入/输出)基本设置程序Basic Input Output System
员工主要事迹写法： ｘｘ，一个普通的名字。一个平凡的身影，经常出现在酒店的各个区域巡视。他是保安部副主管。 ｘｘ，自20ｘｘ年x月份进入酒店工作以来，一直表现出色，爱岗敬业，努力学习业务知识，也因此由一名普通保安员逐步成长为酒店一名管理人员，在20ｘｘ年x月正式接手保安部副主管一职。同年6月，参加宁波消防安全管理员的培训，并拿到了相应的资格证书。 作为酒店一名基层管理者，他处处起到了模范带头的作用，他的工作态度会影响整个团队，正所谓：火车跑得快，全靠车头带。在日常工作中他不怕困难，勇于承担责任，用在工作上，就是那份执着、坚定、信念。每当这时，他总是憨厚的笑笑：“还是领导有方，我只是一个执行者罢了”！ 20ｘｘ年x月份，根据国家气象局预报的台风预测消息，第9号强台风“梅花”正向本地移动，可能在6日夜间在浙江省中北部沿海登陆，或紧擦宁波市沿海北上，但不管哪种路线都将对宁波造成严重影响。我酒店在林总经理的号召下，立即由工程部张经理带领工程保安部及各部门相关人员迅速成立临时抗台小组。ｘｘ也同时参加了前期各项准备工作，并同相关人员一同在酒店蹲守两个日夜，直至“梅花”绕道离开。他还开玩笑说：“这个日子很特别，七夕情人节碰上了梅超风”。
20ｘｘ年，对于酒店保安部来说，是较为艰辛的一年，由于市场原因，使得保安部人力处于紧张状态，即使如此，他还是较为圆满的完成了部门的各项培训及其它各项工作，并在ｘｘ月份对酒店全员进行了为期三天的消防知识培训，用自己所学到的知识来跟大家一起分享。同月底，在酒店各层领导的组织与鼓励下圆满的完成了消防模拟演习，事后他说：“大家都比我做的好，我还要努力加强学习啊”。 20ｘｘ年底，酒店餐饮客情非常好，餐饮部自身人员不能满足服务需求，需要其他部门帮工跑菜，这个问题也就落在了工程保安部的肩上。每天在厨房都能看到那一身保安制服的跑菜员，不用问，那肯定是ｘｘ。仅x月份，他在做好自己本职工作的同时，利用非当班时间帮工累计56小时。当然也有其他部门的帮工人员，他们都是优秀的，正是有这些非常优秀的员工，使得酒店营业部门顺利完成了各项任务。每当这时，他又会说：“我虽然是过来帮忙的，但我要把它当成自己的本职工作来做”。 20ｘｘ年底，临近春节，好多员工都想回家过年，保安部员工也不例外，但人员紧张怎么办呢，他又给大家做思想工作，同时分开安排人员回家的假期，以保证春节期间的正常排班，保障酒店的正常运行。但谁能知道他在酒店工作三年多了，每年的春节都是在酒店过的，每年的中秋节也都是在酒店过的，难道他不想在佳节时与家人团聚吗?每当这时，他又说：“人员紧张，名额有限，让给他们。呵呵，再说，我是以店为家”，也许这时，他的笑容里带有一丝让人难以察觉的苦涩！
必须懂的53 个电脑英文缩写 PC:个人计算机Personal Computer CPU 中央处理器Central Processing Unit CPU Fan：中央处理器的散热器”Fan） MB 主机板MotherBoard RAM 内存Random Access Memory,以PC-代号划分规格，如PC-133, PC-1066，PC-2700 HDD 硬盘Hard Disk Drive FDD 软盘Floopy Disk Drive CD-ROM 光驱Compact Disk Read Only Memory DVD-ROM DVD光驱Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory CD-RW 刻录机Compact Disk ReWriter VGA显示卡（显示卡正式用语应为Display Card） AUD声卡（声卡正式用语应为Sou nd Card） LAN网卡（网卡正式用语应为Network Card） MODM数据卡或调制解调器Modem HUB集线器 WebCam网络摄影机 Capture :影音采集卡 Case :机箱 Power：电源 Mo niter :屏幕，CRT为显像管屏幕，LCD为液晶屏幕 USB :通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus ，用来连接外围装置 IEEE1394 :新的高速序列总线规格Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Mouse :鼠标，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB KB :键盘，常见接口规格为PS/2与USB Speaker :喇叭 Printer :打印机 Scanner :扫描仪 UPS :不断电系统
个人工作事迹简介 在每一个岗位上都有积极分子，在评选时我们叫他们先进个人。那么个人工作事迹简介怎么写呢?下面由为你提供的个人工作事迹简介，希望能帮到你。 个人工作事迹简介(一)我想自己并不比别人聪明，但我可以更加努力，所谓勤能补拙、笨鸟先飞”。这就是同志的信条。从92年参加银行工作至今，正是这股“事事处先”的精神一直激励他、支持他，培养了他良好的思想品质和积极的工作态度。现将一年来该同志先进事迹总结如下： 一、认真做好本职工作。 xx年度16月份，该同志主要在分行稽核部工作，另外兼分行会计出纳部会计检查辅导员。主要工作包括：完成了对各支行财务专项稽核、理财业务专项稽核、对分行机关各部室进行了专项稽核、协同分行办公室实施了劳动工资专项稽核、表外业务专项稽核、分行信贷业务专项稽核、参与总行组织的对深圳地区支行的会计专项稽核、配合人行杭州中支对我分行进行真实性专项检查、实施了内控制度评价稽核、分类分层次监管稽核、分行(管理部)专项现场稽核、支行行长离任稽核、做好计算机xx年问题监管工作，做好贷款到期回收的监控工作和重要业务交接工作、参与分行“营业窗口酒店式”服务组织考评工作、对业务工作中出现的问题及时介入实时监督。作为分行会
计检查辅导员，还负责做好了对支行会计业务的检查辅导工作和季度会计规范化检查工作。 下半年，该同志调分行营业部负责营业厅工作。能够从营业厅实际出发，狠抓基础性工作： 1、优化服务环境，规范服务行为。从服务仪表、服务态度、服务语言、服务规范等方面严格要求员工，推出“每周一星”“服务明星”活动，在分行规范化服务评比中取得第一名; 2、抓岗位培训，强员工素质。推出岗位练兵活动，对员工技能进行强化训练，配合分行快捷工程做好限时服务，在分行技能测试中获总分第一; 3、加强内部管理，建立监督机制，员工自我监督、领导日常监督、社会公开监督紧密结合。同时，建立例会制度总结不足，表扬先进，直接调动员工服务意识和主动意识。 4、把解决认识问题和思想教育贯彻始终，开展形式多样的谈心教育，及时澄清员工的模糊认识，做到上下思想统一，员工步调一致。 5、做好业务培训和规范操作工作，在分行会计规范化检查中成绩居前。 经过半年努力，员工的服务意识和服务质量明显提高，营业环境有效改善，内部管理、规范操作、风险控制得到加强，有效地促进了服务工作的全面提高。同时，在不断改善营业环境、服务设施和推行“微笑服务、两站三声、一双手”为基本内容的柜台服务规范基础上，把抓单纯服务态度转变到以客户为中心、以客户满意为准绳的服务要