说明：
1.请大家重点复习这些句子，不要相信所谓的权威翻译或是标准答案（因为答案里很多句子翻的是错的），希望大家能认真回顾我在课上一直跟大家强调的翻译的思想：翻译翻的是意思，而非字词或是句子结构，因此在翻译的过程中不必每一个字都和原文对应。
2. 请大家按时在批改网上提交作文（题号：518286），这篇作文将由我来给大家批改，分数将作为大家的平时成绩的一部分，所以希望大家一定认真完成。
Passage1（共4句）
1. Among his first efforts in this area was ―Tommy Tucker’s Tooth‖ (1922), a short combining live action and animation made on assignment for a local dentist.
2. A 1945 Look magazine article, titled ―Walt Disney: Teacher of Tomorrow,‖ described Disney as ―revolutionizing an educational system‖ and cited how the Donald Duck short ―The New Spirit,‖ made for the United States Treasury Department, affected 37 percent of Americans regarding their willingness to pay taxes
3. This film contributed to Disney’s being presented with an award of merit, for his contribution to public safety, by the Automobile Club of Southern California.
4. I’m not an educator. My primary purpose is to entertain – though if people want to read education into my work, that’s fine with me.
Passage 2（共3句）
1. Diffusion is the process by which molecules or ions scatter or spread from regions where they are in higher concentrations towards regions where they are in lower concentrations.
2. Such motion is haphazard, but it accounts for the mixing of molecules that commonly occurs when different kinds of substances are put together.
3. Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion. It occurs whenever water molecules diffuse from a region of higher concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, such as a cell membrane.
Passage3（共2句）
1. One of the problems of watching weather forecasts on TV is that by the time they have reached your region, you have tuned out and missed the vital information you have been waiting for. But it is not a problem in the United States because they have a weather channel devoted entirely to weather. Set up in 1982, the Weather Channel was given just weeks to survive by its critics, but such is the interest in the vagaries of the climate that it has thrived.
2. Weather is big business in the United States. The country has 750 weather zones, including eight in the New York metropolitan area alone.
Passage 4（共2句）
1. The Julian calendar devised by Julius Caesar and based on the phases of the moon, had trouble pinning down that date.
2.Aside from setting the first year of the Lord around Jesus’ fourth birthday, it does not had not account for a year 0.The concept of a whole number between minus-one and one had not yet made the journey from the Arab world to Western Europe.
Passage5（共7句）
1. Do you think it is possible to defeat an opponent so fierce that a glance at her turns one to stone ? This was the fate of anyone who looked upon the Medusa , a dreaded monster whose hair was made of hissing serpents.
2. The brave Perseus undertook to fight the Medusa , but he was compelled to do battle in a most awkward manner .To help Perseus in his venture ,the goddess Minerva had lent him her bright shield ,and the god Mercury had given him winged shoes .
3. Cautiously he approached the awesome monster .Using the image of the Medusa in his shield as a guide , he succeeded in cutting off her head and fixing it to the center of Minerva’s shield
4. Perseus then flew to the realm of King Atlas whose chief pride was his garden filled with golden fruit . Thirsty and near collapse , he pleaded with the King for water to quench his thirst and for a place to rest .
5. But Atlas feared that he would be betrayed into losing his golden apples . He uttered just one word ,―Begone!‖Perseus ,finding that he could not pacify Atlas , responded by beckoning him to look upon Medusa’s head .Atlas was changed immediately into stone
6. His head and hair became forests , his body increased in bulk and became cliffs , and the gods ruled that the heaven with all its stars should rest upon his shoulders . Can there be a worse calamity than that which befell Atlas ?
7. Using the image of the Medusa in his shield as a guide, he succeeded in cutting off her head and fixing it to the center of Minerva’s shield.
Passage6（共4句）
1. The key to achieving this seemingly unbelievable feat lies in knowing how to make the most of a very natural sleep phenomenon – dreaming.
2. Your dream can provide you with realistic options, spicy subplots, and believable complications for your story.
3. Let the images that filled your mind during the dream return.
4. To prepare for the dream, write a description in your notebook of the character’s persona lity, physical traits, tastes in music and art---whatever unique characteristics you intend to give her.
Passage 7（共4句）
1. After some months, the choice was made and work was about to begin when one of the companies which had not been successful complained to the Minister.
2. They said that the official who had been responsible for advising him on the choice of a company to do the work had accepted bribes.
3. The Minister at once ordered an inquiry into the whole matter, and after a month has proof that the official had indeed taken bribes.
4. I did not just take on from the company to which I recommended that you should give the work. I took a bribe from each company to favour it in my choice of the one to recommend.
Passage 8（共8句）
1. The prototypes are frozen solid in huge refrigerators, flooded in artificial rainstorms, driven through mud and water and up hills as steep as the steepest hill in San Francisco.
2. Attempts to limit female mobility by hampering locomotion are ancient and almost universal.
3. They are twisted screeching around sharp corners, jolted over cobblestones, and lifted off the ground and suddenly dropped.
4. A special machine opens and slams a prototype’s doors 80,000 times, and other instruments test the brakes and the amount of gasoline and oil the engine uses.
5. Since the same type cars will be sold to customers in Maine as well as Arizona, and Montana as well as Florida, the engineers want to be sure that they will stand up under all kinds of weather and road conditions.
6. Among the most severe tests is a head-on collision with another car.
7. This shows them whether the car is wearing as well as they had expected, or if changes are necessary.
8. Through such tests, engineers designed a collapsing steering column and controlled crush front end and frame to protect drivers from serious injury in case of accident.
Passage 9（共5句）
1. The cliché in legal circles is that ―where there’s a will there are relatives‖
2. Countless millions of families have been torn apart and caused immeasurable pain and expense because the income producer neglected to write a will.
3. There even have been cases in which families have split apart over a set of soup bowls or a couple of clay pots-because a will failed to spell out how the crockery should be divided.
4. They didn’t know the groom well enough to be sure of him, and they had no use for his father, a widower.
5. Most people will take just about any advice on how to expand their wealth – but these same people will fail utterly to explore the most economical ways of passing on their assets to their survivors.
Passage 10（共5句）
1. What’s so frightening about this so-called silent killer is that it often does not produce symptoms for years,secretly damaging arteries and organs throughout the body until it erupts in the form of (stroke,heart attack,congestive heart failure or kidney disease).
2. If left untreated, even mild hypertension can reduce the life expectancy of a 35-year-old by several years.
3. Evaluating the results of a 13-year survey undertaken by the National Center for Health Statistics, James H. Dwyer, associate professor of preventive medicine at the University of Southern California School of Medicine, found that people who consumed 1300 milligrams of calcium a day were 12 percent less likely to develop hypertension than those consuming only 300 mg a day.
4. Our studies shows that people who try the low-soddium approach don’t stay with it very long.
5. Soon doctors may urge some hypertension patients to increase their calcium intake, much the way they now advise sodium restriction.
Passage11（共3句）
1. If a foreign film is captivating – say the Chinese drama Raise the Red Lantern– within a few minutes the subtitles melt away
2. One forgets that the characters are speaking a different language, and the message of the film, its plot, its humor, come through.
3. On his song My Heart, My Life, he also experiments with phrasing that is more direct than the unworldly style of his qawwali work.
Passag12（共4句）
1. Is hunting, as Oscar Wilde said, ―the unspeakable in pursuit of the uneatable,‖ or is it a countryside tradition, misunderstood and defamed by over-sentimental city dwellers?
2. They use guerrilla tactics to disrupt hunts and end up in violent struggles with the riders , much to the delight of television crews
3. They see hunting as cruel, elitist and an inefficient way of controlling animals that may not to be controlled anyway.
4. They accuse hunters of abusing not only the foxes , deer and hares that they chase, but also of cruelty to the hounds and sometimes to their horses.
Passage13（共2句）
1. Unmarked and trackless though the ocean may seem to us, its surface is divided into definite zones, and the pattern
of the surface water controls the distribution of its life.(P1,L1)
2. Seasonal abundance of certain forms containing reddish or brown pigments may cause the ―red water‖ known from ancient time in many parts of the world, and so common is this condition in some enclosed seas that they owe their names to it—the Red Sea is an example.(P4,L3)
Passage 14（共7句）
1. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines.
2. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.
3. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as laptops, mobile phones, radio and cassette players and game machines.
4. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. calling for
5. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.
6. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication.
7.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable to interference raises（增加，引发）the risk that terrorists may deliberately tamper with radio systems in order to sabotage navigation equipment.
Passage 15（共5句）
1.The foot-binding of upper-class Chinese girls and the Nigerian custom of loading women’s legs with pounds of heavy brass wire are extreme examples, but all over the world similar stratagems have been employed to make sure
that once you have caught a woman she cannot run away, and even if she stays around she cannot keep up with you.
2. The lotus foot, which seems to us a deformity, was passionately admired in China for centuries, and today most people in Western society see nothing ugly in the severely compressed toes produced by modern footwear.
3.The high –heeled, narrow-toed shoes that for most of this century have been an essential part of woman’s costume are considered sexually attractive, partly because they make the legs look longer—an extended leg is the biological sign of sexual availability in several animal species—and because they produce what anthropologists call a ―courtship strut.‖
4. Worst of all, if they are worn continually from adolescence on, they deform the muscles of the feet and legs so that it becomes even more painful and difficult to walk in flat soles.
5. The halting, tiptoe gait they produce is thought provocative—perhaps because it guarantees that no woman wearing them can outrun a man who is chasing her.
Passage 16（共3句）
1. Students and faculty at many colleges now have access to email—electronic mail— which combines the capabilities of the computer with those of the phone line.
2. No matter how many messages you send or how far you send them, your college or university does not pay anything beyond the fixed amount required to maintain its own proportion of the Internet.
3. As important as speed is the fact that documents traveling directly from computer to computer remain as computer files rather than as a fixed printed page.
Passage 17（共1句）
1. It says if the cause is medicine the person may be using , then he or she should ask the doctor for a similar medicine that does not produce dry mouth.
Passage 18（共4句）
1. Although this may have been true for some Arctic region Eskimos, it was not indicative of the life of most Alaskan Eskimos.
2. This kind of life-style that a particular group of Alaskan Eskimos followed at the time of the first European exploration of their homeland largely depended on the environment.
3. In the center of the community was a large structure known as a men’s club or communal house.
4. This clubhouse was used by the men for various activities in their leisure time. Also included in most communities were drying racks for meat and fish and storage pits where supplies for use during the winter months might be kept.
Passage 19（共4句）
1. Such migrations optimize the environment for the organisms, as they move to areas where food is plentiful, breeding is safest or temperatures are optimal.
2. There is little experimental evidence for celestial navigation in animals other than humans, since the organism must localize itself on the earth’s surface as well as maintain compass heading.
3. They seem to be due not to genetic or inborn traits, but rather to a sort of environmental imparting.
4. In other words, the animal has learned some recognizable aspect of its environment, and navigation consists of a search pattern followed until some environmental feature is recognized.
Passage 20（共4句）
1. Now they’re doi ng well in school. But should you be taking credit?
2. In the wake of the controversy that book stirred，The Wall Street Journal published a statement signed by 52 researchers saying studies ― indicate that genetics plays a bigger role than does environme nt in creating I.Q. differences‖.
3. Are efforts to improve their kids’ academic skills just time down the drain.
4. Indeed, a growing number of research shows that, especially in the early years of life when the brain is still taking shape, parental attention – even such a simple activity as playing peekaboo – helps to construct the complex brain circuitry essential to intellectual development.
小学三年级下册英语期中考试试题 一、选择所给单词的反义词，将其序号写在括号里。（5分） A.big B.fat C.long D.short E.white （）1、The giraffe is so tall. （）2、She’s very thin. （）3、This cat is small. （）4、My pen is black. （）5、The ruler is short. 二、判断下列每组单词是否同类，同类的打“√”，不是同类的打“×”。（5分）（）1、A.small B.big C.pig （）2、A.this B.thin C.that （）3、A.tall B.short C.long （）4、A.boy B.girl https://www.doczj.com/doc/843912488.html, （）5、A.China B.Australia C.Canada 三、单项选择。（5分） （）1、Look _________the giraffe. A.in B.on C.at （）2、The rabbit（兔子）has two ________ears. A.small B.short C.long （）3、猴子长着长长的尾巴。 A.A monkey has a long tail. B.A monkey has long tails. （）4、你想让朋友跟你一起去动物园，你说 A.Let’s go to school. B.Let’s go to the zoo. （）5、我有一双大眼睛和一对小耳朵。 A.I have big ears and small eyes. B.I have big eyes and small ears. 四、对话填空。（10分） Sarah:Come here,Amy. Amy:1________. Who’s this boy?
大学英语四级考试翻译的答题要点 翻译作为语言听、说、读、写、译五大能力之一，新大纲就六级阶段的要求提出，学生应“能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确、译文达意，译速为每小时350个英语单词。能借助词典将内容熟悉的汉语文字材料译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时300个汉字。”英译汉是 1996年大学英语考试委员会公布的第一批新题型中的一类，属主观题，该题型从属于阅读理解部分，从阅读理解的四篇短文中选取5个片断，大部分是一个较长、较复杂的句子，但有时也有2-3个句子组成的一个段落或片断。要求考生在15分钟内将该5题译成汉语，占分10%，每题2分。根据指令提示，翻译时还可回到前面参阅所译句子的有关上下文。 两种语言的对译讲究的是“信、达、雅”，这是翻译题评分的基本原则。“信”即忠实于原文；“达”即达意，即译文与原文的语义上的一致或等同，这是评分的重要原则，考生是否理解了原文，是否忠实于原文，都要根据译文的内容来作评判，所以“达”是根本。考试意义上的翻译对“雅”的要求不同于文学翻译，要求并不太高，只是译文应通顺流畅，符合译文语言的表达习惯。 一、英译汉样题、参考答案及评分标准 英译汉题型有详细、具体的评分标准，每道题的2分被统一细化为四个0.5分，三个0.5用以判给题中的三个语言点，即每题就语言而言有三个得分点，一个0.5分判给整句译文的语言结构是否通顺流畅、符合汉语习惯。 二、答题要点与真题解析 英译汉必须以理解原文为前提，而短文中句子或段落片段的翻译还必须基于对原文上下文的理解，所以英译汉试题解题的第一要点是: 正确理解短文，精确理解所译部分，准确分析该部分的句法结构和表意逻辑关系。要将一道英译汉题做好，必须精确地理解所需翻译的那部分句子，而精确的理解必须以正确理解短文为前提，有时还须准确地对有关句子的结构作语法分析，同时，还必须理清该部分在语意方面有几个层次及各层次间的先后关系。 在准确理解原文后，要注意正确、恰当地用汉语将原文各层次的语意以与原来相同的先后关系表达出来，这又需要了解一些译文处理技巧，要不然，在英语的影响下，你的译文形似汉语，读起来仍“洋味十足”。所以解答汉译英的第二要点是: 学会用符合习惯的标准汉语表述原文。几种在翻译中经常用到的避免英式汉语的方法是: （1）拆译法。选作英译汉试题的英语句子通常都较复杂，往往从句套从句，翻成译语要把这些从句拆开，翻成一句句相对独立的汉语句子——这么做使理清各语意层次的先后关系显得非常重要。 （2）合译法。英语中定语从句、同位语从句及用作定语的介词短语、分词短语和不定短语常后置在名词中心词之后，翻译时有时需要将这些后置修饰语合并到名词中心词的前置定语之中。 （3）重组法。英语句子结构越复杂，与以短句为特点的汉语表达习惯的差距越大，这时需要采用重组概念，改变一种角度，对原文各层次的语意进行重组，以恰到好处、通顺地道的汉语正确表达原文的信息。 根据英译汉评分标准，每道题有四个得分点，所以在英译汉答题时，还要注意第三点: 分析原文各题的得分点，重点理解，重点表达。从样题及历年英译汉真题实例中，我们发现，得分点一般都是一些特定的短语、句式或与短文要点密切相关的重要词语。对于原文中的这些语言点，考生必须结合上下文反复琢磨，求得理解上的准确，而后通过上面介绍的几种翻译处理技巧，恰当地将它们用汉语表达出来。 以下是英译汉真题实例解析。
Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇： statics [st?tiks] 静力学；dynamics动力学；constraint约束；magnetic [m?ɡ＇netik]有磁性的；external [eks＇t?:nl] 外面的, 外部的；meshing啮合；follower从动件；magnitude [＇m?ɡnitju:d] 大小；intensity强度，应力；non-coincident [k?u＇insid?nt]不重合；parallel [＇p?r?lel]平行；intuitive 直观的；substance物质；proportional [pr?＇p?:??n?l]比例的；resist抵抗，对抗；celestial [si＇lestj?l]天空的；product乘积；particle质点；elastic [i＇l?stik]弹性；deformed变形的；strain拉力；uniform全都相同的；velocity[vi＇l?siti]速度；scalar[＇skeil?]标量；vector[＇vekt?]矢量；displacement代替；momentum [m?u＇ment?m]动量； 2、词组 make up of由……组成；if not要不，不然；even through即使，纵然； Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇： machine 机器；mechanism机构；movable活动的；given 规定的，给定的，已知的；perform执行；application 施用；produce引起，导致；stress压力；applied施加的；individual单独的；muscular [＇m?skjul?]]力臂；gravity[ɡr?vti]重力；stretch伸展，拉紧，延伸；tensile[tensail]拉力；tension张力，拉力；squeeze挤；compressive 有压力的，压缩的；torsional扭转的；torque转矩；twist扭，转动；molecule [m likju:l]分子的；slide滑动; 滑行；slip滑，溜；one another 互相；shear剪切；independently独立地，自立地；beam梁；compress压；revolve (使)旋转；exert [iɡ＇z?:t]用力，尽力，运用，发挥，施加；principle原则, 原理，准则，规范；spin使…旋转；screw螺丝钉；thread螺纹； 2、词组 a number of 许多；deal with 涉及，处理；result from由什么引起；prevent from阻止，防止；tends to 朝某个方向；in combination结合；fly apart飞散； 3、译文： 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面，这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时，机器就开始工作了。所以，力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动，要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种
1.Can We Know the Universe? - Reflections on a Grain of Salt Carl Sagan Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge. Its goal is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connections of things - from sub-nuclear particles, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human social community, and thence to the cosmos as a whole. Our intuition is by no means an infallible guide. Our perceptions may be distorted by training and prejudice or merely because of the limitations of our sense organs, which, of course, perceive directly but a small fraction of the phenomena of the world. Even so straightforward a question as whether in the absence of friction a pound of lead falls faster than a grain of fluff was answered incorrectly by Aristotle and almost everyone else before the time of Galileo. Science is based on experiment, on a willingness to challenge old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is. Accordingly, science sometimes requires courage-at the very least, the courage to question the conventional wisdom. But to what extent can we really know the universe around us? Sometimes this question is posed by people who hope the answer will be in the negative, who are fearful of a universe in which everything might one day be known. And sometimes we hear pronouncements from scientists who confidently state that everything worth knowing will soon be known - or even is already known. Let us approach a much more modest question: not whether we can know the universe or the Milky Way Galaxy or a star or a world. Can we know ultimately and in detail, a grain of salt? Consider one microgram of table salt, a speck just barely large enough for someone with keen eyesight to make out without a microscope. In that grain of salt there are about 1016 sodium and chlorine atoms. This is a 1 followed by 16 zeros, 10 million billion atoms. If we wish to know a grain of salt, we must know at least the three-dimensional positions of each of these atoms. (In fact, there is much more to be known - for example, the nature of the forces between the atoms - but we are making only a modest calculation.) Now, is this number more or less than the number of things which the brain can know? How much can the brain know? There are perhaps 1011 neurons in the brain, the circuit elements and switches that are responsible in their electrical and chemical activity for the functioning of our minds. A typical brain neuron has perhaps a thousand little wires, called dendrites, which connect it with its fellows. If, as seems likely, every bit of information in the brain corresponds to one of these connections, the total number of things knowable by the brain is no more than 1014, one hundred trillion. But this number is only one percent of the number of atoms in our speck of salt.
2012－2013学年度第二学期 小学六年级英语期中自查题 班级姓名成绩 听力部分 一、Listen and choose（听音，根据你所听到的内容，选择相符合的一项，并将其字母编号 写在题前的括号里。）（10分） ( )1. A. B. C. ( )2. A . B. C. ( )3. A . flu B . fly C. flew ( )4. A . short B .shorter C. shorts ( )5. A . wash B .washed C. watch ( )6. A . swim B .swam C. swimming ( )7. A . go B .went C. going ( )8. A . feel B .feet C. food ( )9. A .I have a sore throat. B .He has a toothache. C. She had a flu. ( )10. A . I wear size29. B .I wear size 39. C. I wear size 49. 二、Listen and judge 你将听到一个句子或一组对话，根据所听到的内容, 在每小题的大图中圈出相符的图片。别忘了先浏览选项！每小题读两遍。(每小题1分，共10分) 1. 3. 4. 5. 6
7. 8. 9. 10. 10. 三．Listen and chose the best answer. (听录音，选择最合适的答语。每小题读两遍。)（每小题2分，共10分） ( )1. A：It’s Friday. B：It’s rainy. C：It’s March 2nd. ( )2. A：Yes, she does. B：No, he does. C：No, he doesn’t. ( )3.A：Last weekend. B：Next week. C：In the morning. ( )4. A：She has a cold. B：I have a headache. C：He hurts his leg. ( )5. A：There are twenty. B：They’re twenty yuan. C：It’s twenty yuan. 四、Listen and fill（听录音，填写下列所缺的单词，使其完整，每空一字母或一单词。每 小题读两遍。每空0.5分，共8分） 1. What’s your __________? I like _________ stamps. 2. How are you? I am 3 cm than Alice. 3. Did you your grandparents last Sunday? No, I my uncle. 4. What’s your father? He’s an . He likes . 5. Look at the monkeys. They’re . Yes, and the brown one is . 6. Can I go to the on ? Certainly, if you like. 7. Dick is very , because going to have a basketball match. 8. John can the clothes. Now he is the clothes for his mother. 五、Listen and choose. 你将听到一段短文，根据短文内容选择正确的答案。答案填在括号内。该短文读三篇。听前浏览题目，预测短文内容，有助于听力理解。（每小题1分，共5分。） ( ) 1.kate went to ______last National Day. A.Yunnan B.Hainan C.Haikou ( ) 2.Kate was _______ . A.bored B.tired C. happy ( ) 3. Kate went swimming in the ______ . A. river B. lake C.sea ( ) 4.Kate’s _____ live in a beautiful village .
一、中国龙 对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。 译文 Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 二、秧歌 多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。 Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light
UNIT 2-1 一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一个意外的方式。晚宴我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像实有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之后不久就出现在一本杂志上。但登在杂志上的那篇故事, 以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。故事发生在印度。某殖民官员和他的夫人举行盛行的晚宴。跟他们一起就座的客人有——军官和他人的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家——筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是阳台。席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。“女人一遇到危急情况，”少校说，反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西。”那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。在座的客人中，除了那位美国人以外论证也没有注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的阳台上。那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空荡荡的。室内的三个角落里也是空的，而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着下一道菜。这样，剩下的就只有一个地方了餐桌下面。他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人发警告。但他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜索受惊咬人。于是他很快讲了一通话，其语气非常威严，竟使所有的人安静了下来。我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力，我数三百下——也就五分钟——你们谁都不许动一动。动者将罚款五十卢比。准备好！”在他数数的过程中，那2 0 个人像一尊尊石雕一样端坐在那儿。当他数到“……280……”时，突然从眼然处看到那条眼镜蛇钻了出来，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起来把通往阳台的门全都砰砰地牢牢关上时，室内响起了一片尖叫声。“你刚才说得很对，少校！”男主人大声说。一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例。”“且慢”，那位美国人一边说着一边转向女主人。温兹太太，你怎么知道那条眼镜蛇是在屋子里呢？”女主人的脸上闪现出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说：“因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去。” UNIT2 杰斐逊很久以前就死了，但是我们仍然对他的一些思想很感兴趣,杰斐逊的箴言, 布鲁斯.布利文、托马斯.杰斐逊美国第三任总统，也许不像乔治.华盛顿和亚伯拉罕.林肯那样著名，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：《独立宣言》是他起草的。虽然杰斐逊生活在二百多年以前，但我们今天仍可以从他身上学到很多东西。他的许多思想对当代青年特别有意义。下面就是他讲过和写到过的一些观点：自己去看。杰斐逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；亲自做调查是很重要的。当他还年轻的时候，他就被任命为一个委员会的成员，去调查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只。委员会的其他成员都坐在州议会大厦内，研究有关这一问题的文件，而杰斐逊却跳进一只独木舟去做现场观测。你可以向任何人学习。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层。然而很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，在那个贵人们除了发号施令以外。杰斐逊却想尽办法跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。有一次杰斐逊曾这样对法国贵族拉斐特说：你必须像我那样到平民百性的家里去，看看他们的烧饭锅，吃吃他们的面包。只要你肯这样做，你就会发现老百姓为什么会不满意，你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命。”自已作判断。未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见。“不要相信它或拒绝它。
下学期期中考试 四年级英语学科试卷 听力部分（共50分） 一、听音选择你听到的选项，注意听三遍。（10分） （）1. A.floor B. first C.four （）2. A. picture B. play C.playground （）3. A. this B. there c. that （）4. A.washroom B. TV room C.art room （）5. A. 6:30 B. 7:30 C.8:30 （）6. A. jacket B.jeans C. jump （）7. A. skirt B.shirt C. T-shirt （）8. A.party B.pass C. please （）9. A. canteen https://www.doczj.com/doc/843912488.html,puter C. classroom （）10. A. 7:05 B.4:25 C.9:00 二、听音给下列两组图片排序，注意听三遍。（10分） A. （）（）（）（）（） B. （）（）（）（）（） 三、听音判断你听到的单词与图片是否相符，相符的写“T”，不相符的写“F”，注意听三 遍。（10分） 2. 3 4 5 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 6 7 8 9 10 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 四、听音选择你听到的句子，注意听三遍。(10分) （）1. A. My jacket is brown. B. My jacket is blue. （）2. A. Have some chicken. B . Eat some rice. （）3. A.My sweater is new. B. My dress is old. （）4. A. It’s time for English. B. It’s time to go home. （）5. A. It’s 8:35. B. It’s 6:06. 五、听录音，按听到的顺序给下面的对话标1---5,注意听三遍。（10分） （）It’s 2:25.It’s time for P. E.class. （）These are your baby pants. （）Time for breakfast. Eat some noodles. （）Thank you. Do you have lunch at school? （）Oh, your school is beautiful. 笔试部分（50分） 一、读一读下列单词，选出不同类型的一项，把序号填在提前括号内。( 10分) ( ) 1. A. Chinese B. rice C. Chicken ( ) 2. A. P. E. B.music C. for ( ) 3. A. there B. three C.four ( )4. A.light B. board C. my
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/843912488.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） 四级翻译题目 87、Because of noise outside,Nancy had great difficulty________(集中注意力在实验上） 88、The manager never laughed;neither________(她也从来没有发过脾气）。 89、We look forward to____________________( 被邀请出席开幕式). 90、It is suggested that the air conditioner ____________________（要安装在窗户旁边） 91、The 16 year old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite______(她父母的强烈反对） 参考答案 87、in focusing on the experiment 88、had she lost her temper. 89、being invited to attend the opening ceremony. 90、(should) be installed by the window. 91、her parents’strong objection. 87. You would not have failed if___(按照我的指令去做) 【参考答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders 。【权威解析】本题较为容易，属于识记型题目。考点有三个：第一是按照所给出的汉语提示，由于主句和从句的主语是一致的，因此在做答案的时候应该在从句中补全主语you，很多学生出现遗漏，就按照汉语意思直译了，造成不必要的失分；第二是固定搭配“按照。。。的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以；第三个考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查；根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would have的形式，从句中应该采用had 过去分词的结构；综上，很容易得出答案you had followed my instructions 。 88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ___(放弃对知识的追求) 【参考答案】abandoned the pursuit of knowledge。 【权威解析】本题的考点主要有两个：首先根据句子的已知部分判断，需要填写的部分应该采用过去时，这一点大家一定要注意；其次，考查固定搭配，1）“放弃做某事”abandon sth；“知识的追求’的表达是the pursuit of knowledge ”，综上，得出正确答案。在句子的已知部分，encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意思为“遇到困难”。 89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before____(我们找到治愈癌症的方法) 【参考答案】we find the cure for cancer。 【权威解析】首先根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时；其次，要注意汉语提示部分是“治愈”而不是“治疗”，因此要用cure 而不能用treat，这就提醒我们学习单词的时候一定要注意细节，否则用错了，分数就丢掉
1.2 总线互连 总线是连接两个或多个设备的通信通路。总线的关键特征是，它是一条共享传输介质。多个设备连接到总线上，任一个设备发出的信号可以为其他所有连接到总线上的设备所接收。如果两个设备同时传送，它们的信号将会重叠，引起混淆。因此，一次只能有一个设备成功地（利用总线）发送数据。 典型的情况是，总线由多条通信通路或线路组成，每条线(路)能够传送代表二进制1和0的信号。一段时间里，一条线能传送一串二进制数字。总线的几条线放在一起能同时并行传送二进制数字。例如, 一个8位的数据能在8条总线线上传送。 计算机系统包含有多种不同的总线，它们在计算机系统层次结构的各个层次提供部件之间的通路。连接主要计算机部件(处理机, 存储器, I/O)的总线称为系统总线。系统总线通常由50~100条分立的(导)线组成。每条线被赋予一个特定的含义或功能。虽然有许多不同的总线设计，但任何总线上的线都可以分成三个功能组：数据线、地址线和控制线。此外可能还有为连接的模块提供电源的电源线。 数据线提供系统模块间传送数据的路径，这些线组合在一起称为数据总线。典型的数据总线包含8、16或32根线，线的数量称为数据总线的宽度。因为每条线每次传送1位，所以线的数目决定了每次能同时传送多少位。数据总线的宽度是决定系统总体性能的关键因素。 地址线用于指定数据总线上数据的来源和去向。例如，如果处理机希望从存储器中读一个字的数据，它将所需要字的地址放在地址线上。显然，地址总线的宽度决定了系统最大可能的存储器容量。 控制线用来控制对数据线和地址线的访问和使用。由于数据线和地址线被所有部件共享，因此必须用一种方法来控制它们的使用。控制信号在系统模块之间传送命令和定时信息。定时信息指定了数据和地址信息的有效性，命令信号指定了要执行的操作。 大多数计算机系统使用多总线，这些总线通常设计成层次结构。图1.3显示了一个典型的高性能体系结构。一条局部总线把处理机连接到高速缓存控制器，而高速缓存控制器又连接到支持主存储器的系统总线上。高速缓存控制器集成到连接高速总线的桥中。这一总线支持连接到：高速LAN、视频和图形工作站控制器，以及包括SCSI 和FireWire的局部外设总线的接口控制器。低速设备仍然由分开的扩充总线支持，用一个接口来缓冲该扩充总线和高速总线之间的通信流量。 PCI 外部设备互连是流行的高带宽的、独立于处理机的总线，它能够作为中间层或外围设备总线。当前的标准允许在66MHz频率下使用多达64根数据线，其原始传输速率为528MB/s, 或4.224Gbps。PCI被设计成支持各种各样基于微处理机的配置，包括单处理机和多处理机的系统。因此，它提供了一组通用的功能。PCI使用同步时序以及集中式仲裁方案。 在多处理机系统中，一个或多个PCI配置可通过桥接器连接到处理机的系统总线上。系统总线只支持处理机/高速缓存单元、主存储器以及PCI桥接器。使用桥接器使得PCI独立于处理机速度，又提供快速接收和传送数据的能力。 2.1 光存储介质：高密度存储器 2.1.1 光盘 光盘技术最终可能使磁盘和磁带存储淘汰。用这种技术，磁存储器所用的读/写头被两束激光代替。一束激光通过在光盘上刻制微小的凹点，对记录表面进行写；而另一束激光用来从光敏感的记录表面读取数据。由于光束容易被偏转到光盘上所需要的位置，所以不需要存取臂。 对用户而言，光盘正成为最有吸引力的选择。它们(光盘)对环境变化不太敏感，并且它们以每兆字节比磁盘低得多的存储器价格提供更多的直接存取存储器。光盘技术仍在出现，并且还需要稳定；然而，目前有三种主要类型的光盘。它们是CD-ROM、WORM盘和磁光盘。 CD-ROM 1980年引入的，非常成功的CD，或紧密盘是设计来提高音乐的录音重放质量的光盘。为了制作一张CD，把音乐的模拟声音转换成等价的数字声音，并且存储在一张4.72英寸的光盘上。在每张光盘上可以用数字格式（用20亿数字位）记录74分钟的音乐。因为它的巨大存储容量，计算机工业的企业家们立刻认
Unit1 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。 Some Strategies or Learning English 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说我对英语感兴趣是I'm 湩整敲瑳摥椠?湅汧獩屨，而说我精于法语则是???潧摯愠?牆湥档？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说获悉消息或秘密是汜慥湲琠敨渠睥?牯猠捥敲屴，而获悉某人的成功或到来却是汜慥湲漠?潳敭湯?环猠捵散獳漠?牡楲慶屬？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片18 / 1 或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。 5．广泛阅读。广泛阅读很重要，因为在我们的学习环境中，阅读是最重要、最可靠的语言输入来源。在选择阅读材料时，要找你认为有趣的、不需要过多依赖词典就能看懂的东西。开始时每天读一页是个好办法。接下去，你就会发现你每天可以读更多页，而且能对付难度更高的材料。6．经常写。写作是练习你已经学会的东西的好方法。除了老师布置的作文，你还可以找到自己要写的理由。有个笔友可以提供很好的动力；与某个跟你趣味相投但来自不同文化的人进行交流，你会学到很多东西。经常写作的其他方式还有记日记，写小故事或概述每天的新闻。 语言学习是一个积累的过程。从读和听中吸收尽量多的东西，然后再试着把学到的东西通过说和写加以运用，定会大有收益。 Unit2 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在六十五岁时开始了只身环球航行。本文记述的就是这一冒险故事。 Sailing Round the Word 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在独自驾船作环球航行之前，已有好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊了。他曾试图作环球飞行，但没有成功。那是1931年。 好多年过去了。他放弃了飞行，开始航海。他领略到航海的巨大乐趣。奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时，已经五十八岁。他周游世界的宿愿重又被唤起，不过这一次他是要驾船环游。由于他患有肺癌，朋友们和医生们都认为他不该去，但奇切斯特决意实施自己的计划。
小学三年级英语期中考试试卷（1） 听力部分（60分） 一、选出你所听到的单词或句子。（20分） ( ) 1、A、door B、blackboard C、dog ( ) 2、A、hi B、bye C、I ( ) 3、A、it B、is C、sit ( ) 4、A、desk B、stand C、and ( ) 5、A、panda B、please C、point ( ) 6、A、Point to the door B、Point to a door C、Point to a desk ( )7、A、Please sit down B、Please stand up C、Sit down,please ( )8、A、Good morning B、Goodbye C、Good afternoon ( )9、A、I am fine B、I am Daming C、I am OK. ( )10、A、How are you? B、How old are you C、Hello 二、听音，标号。（20分） ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 三、听录音，选词填空。（10分） 1. Point _________ the bird. 2. Stand ________, please. 3 . _______ to the window. 4. Sit _______, Lingling 5. Point to ________ desk. 四、听录音选出对应的句子。(10分) ( )1、Good afternoon,I'm Chen Dong. ( )2、How are you, Ms Wang. point to up down the
第一课现代数字设计及数字信号处理 课文 A: 数字信号处理简介 1.什么是数字信号处理？ 数字信号处理，或DSP，如其名称所示，是采用数字方式对信号进行处理。在这种情况下一个信号可以代表各种不同的东西。从历史的角度来讲，信号处理起源于电子工程，信号在这里意味着在电缆或电话线或者也有可能是在无线电波中传输的电子信号。然而，更通用地说，一个信号是一个可代表任何东西--从股票价格到来自于远程传感卫星的数据的信息流。术语“digital”来源于“digit”，意思是数字（代可以用你的手指计数），因此“digital”的字面意思是“数字的，用数字表示的”，其法语是“numerique”。一个数字信号由一串数字流组成，通常（但并非一定）是二进制形式。对数字信号的处理通过数字运算来完成。 数字信号处理是一个非常有用的技术，将会形成21世纪的新的科学技术。数字信号处理已在通信、医学图像、雷达和声纳、高保真音乐产生、石油开采等很广泛的领域内引起了革命性的变革。这些领域中的每一个都使得DSP技术得到深入发展，有该领域自己的算法、数学基础，以及特殊的技术。DSP发展的广度和深度的结合使得任何个人都不可能掌握已发展出的所有的DSP技术。DSP教育包括两个任务：学习应用数字信号处理的通用原则及学习你所感兴趣的特定领域的数字信号处理技术。 2.模拟和数字信号 在很多情况下，所感兴趣的信号的初始形式是模拟电压或电流，例如由麦克风或其它转换器产生的信号。在有些情况下，例如从一个CD播放机的可读系统中输出的信号，信号本身就是数字的。在应用DSP技术之前，一个模拟信号必须转换成数字信号。例如，一个模拟电压信号，可被一个称为模数转换器或ADC 的电路变换成数字信号。该转换器产生一系列二进制数字作为数字输出，其值代表每个采样时刻的输入模数转换设备的电压值。 3.信号处理 通常信号需要以各种方式处理。例如，来自于传感器的信号可能被一些没用的电子“噪声”污染。测心电图时放在病人胸部的电极能测量到当心脏及其它肌肉活动时微小的电压变化。信号也常会被来自于电源的电磁干扰所影响。采用滤波电路处理信号至少可以去掉不需要的信号部分。如今，对信号滤波以增加信号的质量或抽取重要信息的任务越来越多地由DSP技术完成而不是采用模拟电路完成。 4.DSP的发展和应用 数字信号处理的发展起源于60年代大型数字计算机进行数字处理的应用，如使用快速傅立叶变换（FFT）可以快速计算信号的频谱。这些技术在当时并没有被广泛应用，因为通常只有在大学或者其它的科研机构才有合适的计算机。 由于当时计算机很贵，DSP仅仅局限于少量的非常重要的应用。先驱们的探索工作主要集中在4个关键领域：雷达和声纳，用于保卫国家安全；石油开采，可以赚大量的钱；空间探索，其中的数据是不能重复产生的；及医学图像，可以救治生命。 20世纪80年代到90年代个人电脑的普及使得DSP产生了很多新的应用。与以往由军方或政府的需求驱动不同，DSP突然间由商业市场的需求驱动了。任何