Unit1
1. The four categories of computer hardware are input hardware, storage hardware ,processing hardware and output hardware. 计算机硬件的四种类型有输入硬件，存储硬件，处理硬件和输出硬件。
2 .A well-designed CPU makes the computer have strong processing power ,and high processing speed and uses the amount of main memory effectively. 一个设计很好的CPU可以使计算机有很高的处理能力，很高的处理速度，而且可以有效地使用主存量。
3. The brain of the computer is the central processing unit. 计算机的大脑是中央处理器。
4.The main memory can also be called internal memory, primary storage, or just memory. 主存也被叫做内部存储器，主要存储器或者仅仅是存储器。
5. The example for input device in this passage is the keyboard; the most common components of processing hardware are the central processing unit and main memory and the output device that this passage deals with is the information. 在这篇文章中输入设备的例子是键盘；最常见的处理硬件原件是中央处理器和主存，文章中涉及到的输出设备是显示器。
1. Someone who does not necessarily have much technical knowledge about computers but who makes decisions based on information processed by the computer.
User 对计算机并没有太多的专业知识，但却可以依据计算机处理的信息做决定的人.
2.equipment made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical components that uses software to process data.
Computer一种由电子和使用软件处理数据的电子机械元件结合的设备
3. raw, unorganized and not processed facts.
Data 原始的，无组织的，没有处理的信息
4. meaningful and useful facts that have been processed from data by a computer.
Information计算机处理数据时有意义有用的信息
5. most common type of input device used with computers
Keyboard计算机所使用的最常见输入设备
6. processing of data into information
Data processing把数据处理成信息
7. output device that can display text and graphics in a variety of colors.
Monitor可以以不同的颜色呈现文本和图标的输出设备
8. primary storage of the computer, which can be thought of as an electronic desktop.
Memory计算机的主存，可以被认为是电子桌面
1 .A display screen often called a monitor, serves as a window on main memory, allowing the user to view its contents.
一个显示屏通常被叫做显示器，是主存的窗口，允许使用者看到它的内容
2. Color monitor displays characters, charts, pictures, and diagrams in color.
彩色显示器可以显示彩色的字体，图表，图画和示意图
3. A computer is a machine whose function is to accept data and process it into information.
计算机是一种机器，其作用是接受数据并把它处理成信息
4. The basic input device on most small and microcomputer systems is a keyboard.
大多数小型和微型计算机系统的基本输入设备是键盘
5. A computer is a data processing machine.
计算机是一种数据处理机器
6. Unless some human being needs the information, there is no point to processing the data.
除非一些人需要信息，否则没意义处理数据
7. A computer is a machine whose function is to accept data and process it into information.
计算机是一种机器，其作用是接受数据并把它处理成信息
8 .A computer can?t execute a program stored on disk unless it is first copied into main memory.
计算机不能执行存储在磁盘上的程序除非它被首次复制到主存
1. The computer?s input device reads the user?s information into the computer.
计算机的输入设备把用户的信息读入到计算机内
2. With a touch screen or light pen, a user enters a point simply by touching a spot on the screen.
用触屏或触笔，用户仅仅通过接触屏幕上的一点就可以到达目的地
3. The processor manipulates the data, storing the results back into memory.
处理器操纵数据，存储的结果放回内存。
4. If a computer is to function without direct human control, it must be given a set of instructions to guide it , step by step, through a process.
如果一台计算机没有人类直接控制功能，它必须是一组指令引导它，一步一步，通过一个过程。
5.In Windows 98, the Recycle Bin is a temporary storage place for deleted files. You can use it to retrieve files deleted in error.
在Windows98,Recycle Bin是删除的文件临时存储场所。你可以使用它来恢复误删的文件
6. Input is a process that involves the use of a device to encode or transform data into digital codes
That the computer can process.
输入是一种使用设备来编译或把数据转换成计算机可以处理的数字代码
7. One way of obtaining hardcopy is to press the Ctrl and Print Screen keys simultaneously.
获得硬拷贝的一种方法是同时按下Ctrl和Print Screen键
8. The cursor control keys found on many keyboards perform the same function.
许多键盘上的光标控制键有相同的作用
Unit2
1. We can choose to buy an appropriate computer to meet our needs from a variety of sizes, shapes
and processing capabilities.
从计算机的大小，形状和处理能力我们可以选择合适的计算机来满足需要。
2. Comparing their capabilities, computers are generally grouped into four basic categories: supercomputers , mainframe computers, minicomputers and microcomputers.
相比能力，计算机通常被分组成四个基本类型：超级计算机，大型计算机，小型计算机和微
型计算机。
3. If you were an employee of an airline, a bank a large insurance company and etc., you would
likely have contact , through your individual workstation, with a mainframe computer.
如果你是航空公司，银行，一家大的保险公司等等的雇员，你很有可能通过你的个人工作站
接触到主计算机
4. Minicomputers and mainframe computers can work much faster than microcomputer and have
many more storage locations in main memory.
小型计算机和主计算机比微型计算机工作快而且在主存中有更多的存储位置
5. Microcomputers vary in size from small portables, such as laptop computers that you can carry
around like briefcase, to powerful .such as those desktop workstations used by engineers and scientists.
微计算机与便携式计算机的大小不同，比如你可以携带像箱子一样的便携式计算机到一个被
工程师或科学家使用的重要的电子工作站。
6. Silicon is referred to as a semiconductor because it sometimes conducts electricity and sometimes does not.
硅被认为是一种半导体因为它有时导电而有时不导
7 .In general, a computer?s type is determined by the following seven factors: the type of CPU, the amount of main memory the CPU can use ,the capacity of the storage devices, the speed of the output devices, the processing speed in millions of instructions per second., the number of users that can access the computer at one time and the cost of the computer system.
一般而言，计算机的类型取决于以下七个因素：CPU的种类，CPU可使用的主存量，存储设备的能力，输出设备的速度，每秒处理成千上百条指令的速度，一次性访问计算机的用户的数量和计算机系统的代价。
8. A microcomputer-generally used by only one person at a time-uses a microprocessor chip as its CPU.
微型计算机—通常一次只被一人使用-使用微处理芯片作为它的CPU。
1Apowerful single-user computer, usually attached to a network.
附着于一个网络的，功能强大的单用户计算机。Workstation(【电脑】工作站)
2. The generic term for any microcomputer that is designed to be carried around.
设计目的是为了随身携带的微型计算机的统称。portable computer (便携式计算机)
3. A kind of portable computer which can be put on the lap.
可以放在膝盖上使用的便携式计算laptop (笔记本电脑)
4.Anon-metallic element with semiconductor characteristics.
一种具有半导特质的非金属元素。silicon (硅元素)
5. A material whose electrical conductivity increases with temperature and is intermediate between metals and insulators.
导电性随温度升高而增强，并且介于金属与绝缘体之间的一种材料semiconductor (半导体) 6. Electrical force measured in volts.
测量单位为伏特的电力。voltage (电压)
7. The amount of space in a storage device.
存储设备的空间量. capacity (容量)
8. A piece of hardware that is usually attached to a computer and is not a part of the main central processor--CPU.
通常是连接到电脑，但并不是CPU的部分的硬件device (硬件)
1.The floppy disk drive is designed to work with disks that can hold a specific amount of information , so you should know which disk capacity works best with the disk drive .软盘驱动器的设计工作磁盘可容纳的信息的具体数额，所以，你应该知道哪个磁盘容量磁盘驱动器的最佳。
2.The keyboard is the computer's main input device 键盘是计算机的主要输入设备。
3.A portable computer can be carried around like a briefcase .一台便携式电脑，可以像一个公文包一样拿着。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a4735765.html,ptop computer include laptops, notebooks , palmtops etc .笔记本电脑，包括笔记本电脑，笔记本电脑，掌上电脑等。
5.silicon is a material made of sand .硅是沙材料制成的。
6.We call such material a semiconductor as it sometimes conducts electricity and sometimes does not .我们称这种材料是半导体，因为它有时导电有时不。
7. A workstation is a terminal used by an employee to enter data and receive information .
工作站是由雇员用于输入数据和接收信息的终端。
8The computer's LCD( liquid crystal display) screen is covered by a sheet of glass with a transparent conductive coating . V oltage is sent across the glass in horizontal and vertical lines forming a fine grid ; at any point on the grid , the voltage is slightly different .
电脑的LCD（液晶显示器）屏幕上覆盖透明导电涂层的玻璃板材。电压发送隔着玻璃在水平和垂直线，形成了良好的电网，对电网的任何一点，电压稍有不同。
9. Random access memory (RAM) is a storage system that holds information while the computer is turned on .
随机存取存储器的存储系统拥有开机时所需要的信息
10. read-only memory (ROM) is a part of primary storage that can be retrieved but not erased or changed by a program instructions .只读存储器是主存储的部分，可以检索，但不会被擦除或程序指令改变。
1.In order to save space , the keyboards on portable and notebook PCs have largely different layouts from that of standard keyboards.为了节省空间,个人笔记本在键盘的设计安排上与标准键盘有很大的不同。
2. Before you can access any data on the diskette , you must insert the disk into the disk driver.
如果要使用磁盘上的数据,那么你先要把光盘插入磁盘驱动器中.
3. A computer can’t execute a program stored on disk unless part of it is first copied into main memory.
一台电脑不能执行存放在光盘上的程序除非先把它复制到内存中。
4. A computer with a large memory is more capable of holding the thousands of instructions that are contained in the more sophisticated programs.
一台具有大内存的电脑能够更好的控制运算包括成千上万条指令的复杂程序。
5.The size and number of the registers can dramatically affect the processing capabilities of a computer system.
寄存器的型号和个数会很明显的影响到一台电脑处理数据的能力。
6. In general , a ROM chip stores instruction necessary to tell a computer what to do when it is first turned on.
通常的，只读存储器中储存必要的指令去告诉电脑它在启动的时候要做什么。
7. Gigantic amount of scientific computation can be handled by a supercomputer.
巨型计算机能够处理超大规模的科学计算.
8.When you meet difficulties in using Windows NT , you’d better ask a computer professional for help.当你在使用Windows NT 碰到问题时,你最好找个专业人员帮帮你.
Unit3
1. The CPU circuitry of a microcomputer-called a microprocessor -can now fit on a chip about the size of your thumbnail, or even smaller.
中央处理器电路的一个微处理器microcomputer-called——现在可以装在一个芯片拇指指甲大小的,甚至更小。
2. The parts of the CPU are usually connected by an electronic component referred to as a bus, which acts as an electronic highway between them.
CPU的部分通常被连接的电子元件称为总线,而作为一个电子公路在他们之间
3. TO temporarily store data and instructions, the CPU has special-purpose storage devices called register.
暂时存储数据和指令,中央处理器有专用存储设备叫做寄存器
4. The control unit does not execute instructions itself ; it tells other parts of the computer system what to do.
控制单元本身并不执行指令,它告诉计算机系统其他部分各该做什么。
5.The language processor converts software instructions into a low-level form of instructions the computer can work with –machine language, the only language that the CPU can understand.
语言处理器的指令能转换软件低形式的指令使计算机能配合工作，机器语言, 是CPU唯一能理解的语言。
6.In machine language, data and instructions are represented in binary form(0s and 1s).
在机器语言,数据和指令都是用二进制形式表示(0和1)
7.ALU performs all the arithmetic and logic (comparison) functions-that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons.
ALU执行算术和逻辑功能，它能够划分加、减、乘、并比较。
8.Older and newer microcomputers? speeds are measured in milliseconds
and microseconds respectively and lager, powerful comp uters? speeds are measured in nanoseconds.
比较旧的和新的微型计算机的速度各自是以毫秒和微妙测量的，而比较大的高效的计算机的速度是以纳秒测量的
9.The instruction cycle, or I-cycle, refers to the retrieval of an instruction form main memory and its subsequent decoding
指令周期,或者I周期是指一个指令的检索其后续主存储器和解码的时间.
10.The execution cycle, or E-cycle, refers to the execution of the instruction and the subsequent storing of the result in a register.
执行周期，或者是E周期，指的是指令的执行和随后在寄存器存储的结果
11.The speed of internal clock is expressed in megahertz (MHz).
内部时钟的速度被表达在兆赫
12.The size of a register is referred to as wordsize.
一个寄存器的大小是指字长.
1 a piece of semiconductor material on which integrated circuit are etched
翻译:上面有集成电路的半导体材料答案:F chip
2 a part of the CPU that performs all arithmetic and logic operations
翻译：CPU中执行所有算术和逻辑运算的部分答案：A ALU
3 a numbering system based on the digits 0 and 1
翻译：基于0和1的数字系统答案：J binary system
4 the part of the CPU that decodes and directs the flow of program instructions
翻译：CPU中译码和指挥程序指令运行的部分答案：C control unit
5 a binary digit翻译：一个二进制数位答案：D bit
6 a series of instructions that guides a computer through some process
翻译：通过过程指挥计算机的一系列指令答案：E computer program
7 a device that accepts data, holds it , and delivers it on demand
翻译：一种可以接收数据、保存数据并按要求传送数据的设备答案：H storage
8 used for the temporary storage of application programs and data; can be written to and read from 翻译：用来暂时存储应用程序和数据；可以读和写答案：I register
9 the basic language of the computer
翻译：计算机的基本语言答案：B machine language
10 a group of lines, leads, or wires over which data is transmitted
翻译：可以传送数据的一组电线答案：G bus
1 accepts data,holds it , and delivers it on demand答案：H storage翻译：存储器可以接收数据、保存数据并按要求传送数据
2 Pocket calculators usually use only one ____ for all their functions答案：F chip
翻译：袖珍计算器通常只用一个芯片来完成他所有的功能。
3The processor contains four key components: a clock, an instruction control unit, an arithmetic and logic unit,and a set of ___.答案：I registers
翻译：处理器包括四个关键部件：时钟，指令控制单元，算术逻辑单元和一些寄存器。
4 The ____ part of the CPU performs all addtion and subtraction operation.答案：A ALU翻译：算术逻辑单元执行所有加减操作。
5The size of the input-output ____ de pends upon the size of the system?s words.答案：G bus翻译：输入输出总线的宽度取决于系统中字的宽度。
6 The task of the ____ is to interpret program instructions and direct the rest of the unit to execute the instruction.答案：C control unit翻译：控制单元的任务是解释程序指令和其他单元执行指令。
7 Programs written in ____ require no further interpretation by the computer.答案：B machine language翻译：用机器语言编写的程序不需要计算机进一步翻译。
8 In the ____ the symbol 10 represents the decimal number 2.答案：J binary system翻译：在二进制系统中10 代表十进制数字2.
9 How many ____ per byte are used in your company?s computer?答案：D bits翻译：你公司的电脑一个字节有多少位？
10The set of instructions, called a ____ is stored physically inside the machine,making it a stored program.答案：E computer program翻译：被称为计算机程序的指令物理的存储在机器中，组成了一个存储的程序。
1.The configuration commands in CONFIG.SYS can use either uppercase or lowercase characters ,but you can not type them at the MS-DOS prompt可以使用大写或小写字符在config.sys中配置命令,但你不能在ms – dos提示符下键入。
2. What a computer program produces is a stream of coded symbols,which the output device usually decodes _into a form of information that is easy for people to use or understand
计算机程序所产生的是一连串编码符号,通过输出设备解码成人们容易使用或理解的信息形式。
3. Data may be transferred from storage to the internal memory or from the internal memory to the arithmetic unit by means of conductive channels known as data bus
通过数据总线通道，数据可以从外存转移到内存或者从内部存储器转移到算术单元
4. The letter T and the numbers 5 are known as characters字母T和数字5是众所周知的字符
5.A filename can be from one to either characters in length,and can be typed in uppercase or lowercase . DOS automatically converts filenames to uppercase letters.
6. The processor is required to generate address and control signals to synchronize_ the flow of data over the bus .该处理器需要生成地址和控制信号来使总线上的数据流同步
7. The microprocessor,which can be contained on a single silicon chip ,is a product of the microminiaturization of electronic circuitry微处理器，可以集成在单一的硅芯片中，是超小型化的电子电路的产品
8. The Internal clock in the circuitry generates precisely timed pulses of current that synchronize
the processor?s other components.内部时钟电路产生精确定时脉冲电流，使处理器的其它组件同步。
Unit4
1.The CPU usually can only utilize those software instructions and data that are stored in main memoryCPU通常仅仅利用存储在内存中的软件指令和数据。
.2.The name of RAM derives from the fact that data can be stored in and retrieved at random. RAM的名字来源于数据可以任意存储和检索。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a4735765.html,ers often save their work frequently onto nonvolatile secondary storage devices such as diskettes or hard disks用户通常把他们的工作保留在稳定和次要的存储设备比如软磁盘或者是磁盘。
4.In main memory it takes eight chips to store one character.在主存中，用八位来存储一个字节
5.The first 8 bits build the characters ;the ninth chip holds the parity bit ,or check bit ,that is used for error detection.前八位构建字节；第九位是奇偶校验位或者是检查位，用来发现错误。
6.Fro MS-DOS computers two types of memory are used to increase RAM beyond the 640KB limit---expanded memory and extended memory.对于MS-DOS计算机两种内存被用来增加高于640KB限制的RAM—扩展内存和扩充内存
7.To “upgrade the system”includes changing from a monochrome display screen to a color screen.更新系统包括把单色显色屏变为彩屏。
8. Because it is faster, smaller and more expensive than RAM ,cache memory bolds only those instructions and data that the processor needs immediately.由于它比RAM快，小，贵，高速缓存器仅拥有处理器及时需要的指令和数据。
9.The process of manufacturing Rom chips and recording data on them is more expensive than the process of producing RAM chips.生产ROM芯片和在他们上记录数据的过程要比生产RAM 芯片昂贵。
10.The prices recorded on EEPROM chips can be easily updated as needed.EEPROM芯片的价格可由于需要随意更新。
1.Auxiliary storage辅助存储器Secondary storage
2.A metal or plastic framework that holds a computer’s circuit boards,often,circuit boards slide into slots on the framework,and are electronically linked by bus line一个金属或塑料框架,它持有计算机的电路板,通常,电路板上陷入了槽的框架,并通过总线电子地连接Motherboard
3.A system of symbols for representing a language or numbers in a computer一个系统的标志代表着一种语言或编号在计算机中code
4.The ability to obtain data from obtain a storage device从存储设备获取数据的能力.access
5.A device that is on-line to the computer from a remote location 一种装置,从远端地点连接到计算机terminal
6.Surface on which picture or data are shown表面上图片或数据显示screen
7.Temporary memory or storage used to adjust for the speed difference between two devices临时记忆或存储用于调节不同的速度两个设备之间buffer
8.A thin,flexible magnetic disk used on small computer system一种薄而灵活的磁盘经常用于小型电脑系统diskette
9.On a motherboard,one of several openings into which a circuit board can be plugged在母板上,其中的一个开口的电路板能嵌入slot
10.Eight bits.On many computer system,the smallest addressable unit of main memory 八位，在许多计算机系统可寻址的单元、最小的内存byte
1、RAM and ROM aren’t secondary storage devices.
RAM和ROM不是辅助存储设备。
2、If you’ve ever waited for a lengthy paper to print, you are almost certainly aware that the printer is much slower than the computer. If waiting for the printer is a problem, you can add a buffer for your printer interface.如果你曾经等待打印一条很长的纸，你可能清地意识到打印机是如此的慢比电脑。如果等待打印机是一个问题，你能为你的打印机加一个缓存。
3、The magnetic disk is a storage device with direct access capabilities. 磁盘是一个具有直接存储能力的存储设备。
4、In word processing each character is represented by a unique code .在文字处理中，每个字符代表独立的代码。
5、Main memory holds data that will be used shortly ; secondary storage-such as a diskette holds data that will be used later.
主存储器获得将被短时间使用的数据，像磁盘一样的辅助存储设备将被以后使用。
6、Memory is added by plugging a memory board into one of the open slot .
添加内存是将一个内存板插入到一个开放槽。
7、Our company has terminal in many different locations.
我们的公司在许多不同的地点有终端。
8、In a microcomputer , main memory , or RAM ，chips are usually found in banks of nine on the motherboard .
在微机中，主存储器或RAM，芯片通常被发现有九个存储单元在主板上。
9、The basic unit of storage is the bit . Bits are grouped to form bytes , which , in turn , are grouped to form words.
存储的基本单位是位。位被组合形成的字节，这反过来，就被组合形成字。
10、The command “cls ”stands for “clear the screen ” .
命令“CLS”表示“清除屏幕”.
1.Main memory can be thought of as an electronic desktop the more desk surface you have in front of you ,the more you can place it. 主存被认为是一种电子桌面，在你面前的桌面越大，你可以放的东西就越多
2.If your computer has a lot of memory,you can place more sophisticated _instruction.如果你的计算机有很大的内存，你就可以放比较多的软件指令。
3.Graphics are also used in animation_. 图表被用在动画制作
4. If the information stored RAM is to be retrieved at a later time, it must be transfer
to another storage device or it will be lost when the computer turned off.如果存储在RAM的信息很久才可以被检索到，它必须被转移到另一个存储设备否则当计算机关闭的时候它会丢失。
5. A cmputer equipped with a lage amount of main memory can surpport more software programs and can even hold several different paogranms in memory at the same time.装备有很大主存的计算机可以提供比较高级的程序而且在内存中可以同时有几种不同的程序。
6.Many other manufacturer have producted compatible compters ; that is ,computers which work in the same manners as the IBM PC and use the same software.许多制造商已经生产出兼容计算机；即，计算机就像IBM PC以同样的方式工作而且使用相同的软件
7. SMARTDRV.SYS creates a disk cache in memory that MS-DOS used to hold infomation recrntly read from disk.SMARTDRV.SYS生产出了MS-DOS用来保留从磁盘里读出的最新信息的磁盘高速缓存
8. If you are buying a computer systerm and think you might want to upgrade it at a later data make sure you purchase a computerwith open architecture.如果你买计算机系统而且想更新最新数据，确保你买的计算机带有开放式体系。
1. If there were no internet , we would have to send someone a floppy disk or zip disk by mail or courier. 翻译：如果没有互联网，我们将不得不通过邮局或快递公司邮寄软盘或压缩磁盘。
2. The hub at the center of the star network takes the data from one computer in the internet and passes them on to the other computers in the network.翻译：星状网络中心的集线器将数据从网络中的一台计算机传送同网络中的其它计算机。
3. LAN stands for Local Area Network翻译：LAN代表有限制区域的通信网络.
4. When sending a message over a network, the message is usually broken up into a smaller set of message called packets.翻译：通过网络发送信息的时候，此信息通常被分成一个较小的信息集，称为信息包.
5.Ethernet is a LAN technology responsible for handing the collisions and retransmitting the packets翻译：以太网技术解决这些冲突并转发信息包.
6. Bandwidth is often measured in kilobits per second (Kbps),megabits per second (Mbps) ,or gigabits per second (Gbps).翻译：带宽一般以千比特每秒、百万比特每秒或吉比特每秒衡量。
7.The problem with circuit switching is that the line is blocked regardless of how much information is exchanged.翻译：电路交换的问题在于线路的堵塞,与信息交换量无关。
8.The packets across the network are numbered so they can be reassembled in the correct sequence at the destination .翻译：信息包被编码，这样在目的地就可以按照正确顺序重新组9.The IP in TCP/IP stands for internet protocol and TCP for transmission .control protocol 翻译：TCP/IP中的IP代表网际协议，TCP/IP中的TCP代表传输控制协议。
10. Packets that follow the IP specification are called IP datagram. 翻译：遵循IP规范的信息包被称为IP数据包。
11.In order to travel across different types networks, the packets are encapsulated into frames.翻译：为了在不同类型的网络中传送，信息包被封装成帧。
12. An IP address is based on binary numbers, but by convention, we are stating the IP address in decimal rather than binary format. 翻译：一个IP地址是基于二进制信息的，但是按照惯例，我们规定IP地址为十进制而不是二进制格式。
Unit5
1. If there were no internet , we would have to send someone a floppy disk or zip disk by mail or courier. 翻译：如果没有互联网，我们将不得不通过邮局或快递公司邮寄软盘或压缩磁盘。
2. The hub at the center of the star network takes the data from one computer in the internet and passes them on to the other computers in the network.翻译：星状网络中心的集线器将数据从网络中的一台计算机传送同网络中的其它计算机。
3. LAN stands for Local Area Network翻译：LAN代表有限制区域的通信网络.
4. When sending a message over a network, the message is usually broken up into a smaller set of message called packets.翻译：通过网络发送信息的时候，此信息通常被分成一个较小的信息集，称为信息包.
5.Ethernet is a LAN technology responsible for handing the collisions and retransmitting the packets翻译：以太网技术解决这些冲突并转发信息包.
6. Bandwidth is often measured in kilobits per second (Kbps),megabits per second (Mbps) ,or gigabits per second (Gbps).翻译：带宽一般以千比特每秒、百万比特每秒或吉比特每秒衡量。
7.The problem with circuit switching is that the line is blocked regardless of how much
information is exchanged.翻译：电路交换的问题在于线路的堵塞,与信息交换量无关。
8.The packets across the network are numbered so they can be reassembled in the correct sequence at the destination .翻译：信息包被编码，这样在目的地就可以按照正确顺序重新组9.The IP in TCP/IP stands for internet protocol and TCP for transmission .control protocol 翻译：TCP/IP中的IP代表网际协议，TCP/IP中的TCP代表传输控制协议。
10. Packets that follow the IP specification are called IP datagram. 翻译：遵循IP规范的信息包被称为IP数据包。
11.In order to travel across different types networks, the packets are encapsulated into frames.翻译：为了在不同类型的网络中传送，信息包被封装成帧。
12. An IP address is based on binary numbers, but by convention, we are stating the IP address in decimal rather than binary format. 翻译：一个IP地址是基于二进制信息的，但是按照惯例，我们规定IP地址为十进制而不是二进制格式。
.1.A measurement of capacity of a transmission system 答案bandwidth
一种测量的容量传输系统
2.A comput network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the
TCP/IP network Protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchang答案internet由世界级的用TCP/IP协议以促进数据传输个交换的计算机网络
3.A number that is expressed using 1 and 0 .答案binary number用0和1表示一个数
4.In communications,a packet of transimitted informatio答案frame在通信技术中,一种包括转义的信元
5.5).To compress(i.e.reduce the size of)a computer file
So that it uses less space, and can more easily sent And stored 答案zip压缩一个计算机文件以便能节省空间来便于传输和储存
6)The name for a unit of data sent across a network答案packet一单位通过网络发送数据的名字
7)A device that is used to connect several computers together 答案hub一种能够吧好几台电脑联系在一起的的设备
8)Relating to or expressed in a system of counting based on the number ten答案decimal关于或表达一种基于十进制的计数系统
1)In the networks (primarily ethernet)arranged with
A “star” topology(as opposed to a “ring”),the central connecting
Device is usually known as the “hub”
网络中(主要是以太网)安排
一个“明星”拓扑(相反不是一个“环”),中央连接装置通常称为“中心“
2)The viewers on the CD are custom-written for this CD-ROM,which can “see through”the Files even they are zipped.一个CD上的读写头是为这CD写操作，并且能读懂压缩过的文件
3)“dotted decimal notation”is the common notation for the IP addresses(160,235,,54,10).in the form A,B,C,D,each letter represents,in decimal ,one byte of a four-byte
IP address.点分十进制是非常常见的IP计数法，由ABCD四部分组成。每个字母代表由四个字节IP地址组成的字
4)In animation ,a frame is a single graphic image in a sequence of graphic inmages动画片的结构是一系列连续的图表画面组成
5)A byte is collection of bits to form a binary number一个字节是位的集合,形成一个二进制数字
6)The term internet today refers to the global network of public computers running internet protocol.
今天的Internet一词指的是基于因特网的大众计算机网络
7)A bundle of data sent over a network is called information packet
一串通过计算机网传输的数据叫做数据包
8)Most telephone lines are voice band channels,and they have a wider bandwidth than marrow hand channels大多数电话线是音频频道他们有比低频频道更宽的带宽
1.Mail reflector is a specialized(专业的，专门的) address from which e-mail is automatically forwarded to a set of other addresses, commonly used to implement(实施，实现) a mail discussion group
邮件反射器是一种专门用来自动转发邮件到一系列其他地址的设备,常用来实现一个邮件讨论组。
2.When a large block of data is to be sent over a network, it is broken up into several packets(信息包) , sent , and then _reassembled_ at the other end. (para 8第五行)
当一大块数据要通过网络发送时,它会被分成若干信息包,发送,然后在另一端重新组合。
3.In order to travel across different types of networks , the packets _are encapsulated__ into frames.(para 11第二行)
为了在不同种类的网络中传送，信息包被封装成帧。
4.Broadband channels are carried on coaxial or fiber-optic cable_ that have a wider bandwidth than conventional telephone lines
宽带信道通过同轴电缆或光纤电缆传送,比传统电话线有更多的带宽。
5.It is said that we are living in the era when knowledge is _bursty.
据说，我们正生活在一个知识爆发的时代。
6.The developers should _submit_ building plans to the council for approval.
开发商应该向理事会提交建筑计划以得到批准。
7.When a collision(冲突) occurs ,the packets are retransmitted after a very small random interval.(para 3第六行)
当冲突发生时，信息包会在很短暂的任意时间间隔后被转发。
8.HTTP standstill for hypertext transfer _protocol .
HTTP代表超文本传输协议。
Unit6
1.Above all you should consider whether the output hardware is (compatible) with the equipment you already have1.首先你应考虑输出硬件是否与你的硬件兼容
2.Output can be in (hardcopy) form , which is generally thought of as being tangible可以以硬拷贝形式输出的，通常可以看成有形的
3.The two types of display screen used most often are a computer (terminal) connected to a large computer system and a (monitor) attached to a microcomputer system 两种最常用的显示器是连接在大型计算机系统上的计算机终端和隶属于微机的显示器
4.Impact printers usually form images by pressing an (inked ribbon) against the paper with a hammer-like mechanism.击打式打印机用一种锤子式的机械装置把色带压到纸上而形成图像
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a4735765.html,rge computer systems often use special high-speed printers ,as is called (line printer) printers, that print a whole line at a time大型计算机系统经常用一种特别快速的打印机，这种被称为行式打印机的打印机每次可打印一整行
6.(Thermal) printers use heat to produce an image on specially treated paper热敏打印机用热能
在特殊处理过的纸上生产
7.(Monochrome) means one color , while RGB stands for 3 kinds of colors –red , green and blue Monochrome指一种颜色，而RGB指红，绿，蓝，三种颜色
8.LCD stands for (liquid crystal display), which is a type of flat panel displayLCD全称为liquid crystal display ,指一种平面直角显示器
1.an individual dot on a computer screen1.电脑屏幕上的点。答案：pixel
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a4735765.html,rmation transferred from primary storage to any device outside the computer. 答案：output 从主存储器把信息传送给任何外装置计算机。
3.any part of the system that instructs the hardware how to perform. 答案：software如何进行指导各个部分硬件的系统。
4.a high speed printing device that can output from 100 to 3,000 lines per minute. 答案：line printer一个高速印刷设备，可以每分钟输出100到3,000行
5.an output device for translating information from a computer into a pictorial or graphical form on paper or a similar medium答案：plotter一个计算机中的信息分解翻译成图形或图形化的形式在纸上或类似的媒体上的输出装置。.
6.a device that outputs printed characters.答案：printer 输出打印字符的设备
7.a printed copy of computer input or output.答案：hardcopy打印复制计算机中的输入输出
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a4735765.html,puter output in the form of points ,lines,and shapes. 答案：graphics计算机输出的形式，点，线和形状
9.a TV screen used to display input or output. 答案：cathode-ray tube一个电视屏幕用于显示输入输出
10.the physical components of a computer system. 答案hardware物理计算机系统组件
1.Most microcomputer printer printers one character at a time ,usually at rates varying
from30to perhaps180characters per second.大多数微型打印机打印一个字符时，通常是在不同的利率from30toperhaps180characters每秒。
2. A hardcopy terminal can produce for future reference a printed copy of the transaction 一个软件终端可以产生供将来参考打印的事物副本。
3. A cathode-ray tube(CRT) display resembles a television screen一个阴极射线管显示器类似于电视屏幕
4.The physical manipulation of data is done by the system hardware物理操纵的数据是系统硬件
5.The computer controls the color and brightness of each pixel 计算机控制着每个象素的颜色和亮度
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a4735765.html,rmation flows from a computer as output信息从一个电脑流出称为输出
7.programs are considered to be software认为计划是被硬拷贝了
8. Line printers operate much faster than character printers行式打印机的速度比字符打印机快得多
9.Graphics produced by ink jets is not considered to be as good as that produced by plotters喷墨式图形制作机不被认为和绘图机一样的好
10.Letter-quality printers can?t produce graphics高质量文字打印机不能用制图法。
1.Extended memory is also composed of RAM chips that either plugged directly into the motherboard or Attach to a board that is plugged into an expansion slot.延伸记忆体也是由可直接连接主板或可接入槽内的RAM芯片组成的。
2. Not all programs are ___with your hardware.
不是所有的程序都与你的硬件兼容Compatible兼容
3.The most common microcomputer secondary storage medium is diskette of floppy disk ,a thin circular piece of __polyester coated with a magnetic material.最常见的微型计算机媒体存储器
是一个软式磁盘，是一个由聚酯材料做的灵活的的环形片，上涂有磁性材料。Flexible 灵活的
4.Impact printers usually form images by pressing an inked ribbon against the paper with a hammer-like___.
击打式打印机用一种像锤子式的装置把色带压到纸上从而形成图像。Mechanism 机械装置5.With a well-designed CPU in your computer ,you can ____ highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time.配备有良好的设计的CPU可以让你在很短时间内完成高密度的任务。Perform 完成
6.The time required for the sector to ___to the access mechanism is called rotational delay.存取装置旋转扇区所需的时间称为旋转延迟Rotate 转动循环
7.Some computers are designed with cache memory, to increase the speed of ____ instructions and data from secondary storage to the processor.
一些计算机设计有缓存内存，为了提高把命令和数据形式转压到信息处理器中。
Transfer 转变
8.The term monitor is used interchangeably with screen ,____ display screen, and cathode-ray tube (CRT).长时间的监督程序屏幕是可替换的，利用的是视频显示器和阴极射线管。Video 视频
Unit8
1.(Local Area Networks) typically reach across a single home,whereas (wide area networks),reach across cities,states,or even across the world.局域网通常跨越一个家，而广域网，实现整个城市，国家，甚至整个世界
2.The two types of high-level network design are called (client-server) and peer-to-peer.这两种类型的高层次的网络设计被称为服务器和对等网络.
3. All data flows through one centralized device in a star network while in the (bus) networks all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit.所有数据流通过一个集中的设备在一个星形网络而在总线网络中的所有计算机的共享和交流在一个共同的渠道。
4.In networking,the communication language used by computer devices is called the (protocol).在网络中，通信语言使用的计算机设备被称为协议.
5.Most local area networks are built with relatively inexpensive (hardware)such as Ethernet cables,network adapters,and hubs.大多数局域网建设相对廉价的硬件如以太网电缆，网络适配器，和集线器。
6.Wireless networks utilize radio waves and/or (microwaves) to maintain communication channels between computers.无线网络使用无线电波和/或微波保持沟通渠道之间的电脑
7.If you want to build a wireless network,you should have a network (adapters),an access point,and a (router).如果你想建立一个无线网络，你应该有一个网络适配器，一个接入点，和路由器.
8.The OSI (stack) contains seven layers in two groups,upper layers and lower layers.开放系统互连堆栈包含七个层组，上下层
9.The software in the (upper) layers in the OSI performs application-specific functions while that in the (lower),layers does primitive network-specific functions.软件在上层互连执行特定的功能，在较低的层次，执行原始网络专用功能
10.New protocols and other network services are generally easier to add to a (layered )architecture
than to a monolithic one.新的协议和其他网络服务通常比一个单一容易添加到一个分层结构。
1.The configuration of a communication network(配置通信网络) topology(局部解剖)
2.An add-in board that expands the capabilities of a computer system(一个附加板，扩展能力的计算机系统)adapter（接合器;转接器）
3.Having no wire(没有金属丝) wireless(无线的)
4.An event that is a beginning ;a first part or stage of subsequent events(开始事件；第一部分或阶段以后的事件) .inception(开始,开端,起初)
5.Affecting only a restricted part or erea of the bady(影响只限于部分或地区的宝贝).local (局部的)
6.A very short electromagnetic;wave used for cooking food or for sending information by radio or radar(一个非常短的电磁波；用于烹调食物或发送信息通过无线电或雷达)microwave(微波)
7.Having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other(有（或一定）程度上从一边到另一边)wide(宽度为...的,...宽的)
8.A computer that provides client stations with access to files and printers as shared resources to a computer network(计算机能够提供用户文件和打印机共享资源计算机网络)server(服务器) 1.A client-server network design is a configuration in which one computer ,designated as a (server),sends information to a number of other “client” computers(客户机服务器网络设计是一个配置，一台计算机，指定为（服务器），发送信息到其他一些客户端计算机)
2.In the network environment,a NIC is the typical (adapter) that provides to Ethernet,toket ring,or other types of networks(在网络环境下，网卡是典型的（适配器），提供以太网，toket环，或其他类型的网络)
3.In network arranged with a “star”(topology) ,the central connecting device is usually known as the “hub”(在网络设置一个“明星”（拓扑），中央连接装置通常被称为“中心)
4.Potential health hazards from the (microwave) signals of WLANs have not been validated scientifically(潜在的健康危害从（微波）的信号的无线局域网尚未验证的科学)
5.( Local) Area Network is a group of computers located in a relatively limited area and connected by a communications link that allows them to interact with each other.(（本地）区域网络是一组计算机位于一个相对有限的区域和连接的通信联系，让他)
6.Since its (inception) in 1968,the company has been at the forefront of computer development(自（以来）1968，公司一直站在最前列的计算机的发展)
7.(wide) area network is generally a network connecting several physically distant locations,as opposed to a LAN(（宽）区域网络通常是一个网络连接的几个身体遥远的地点，而不是一个局域网)
8.(wireless) communication involves transmitting signals through air and space using radio waves.(（无线）通信涉及传输信号通过空气和空间使用的无线电波。)
1.In word processing and desktop publishing,（layout）refers to the arrangement of text and graphics.在文字处理和桌面出版中，（布局）指排列的文字和图形。
2.Strictly speaking, no wireless hardware other than adapters is required to build a small wireless LAN(WLAN).However,to increase the performance of a WLAN,(accommodate) more computers,and increase the network is range,wireless access points and/or wireless routers can be deployed.严格地说，没有无线硬件以外的适配器，需要建立一个小型无线（局域网）。然而，提高性能的无线局域网，（容纳）更多的计算机，并增加网络，无线接入点和/或无线路由器可以部署。
3.Before buying a pram,make sure that it(conforms) to the official safety standards.在购买婴儿车
前，确保它（符合）安全标准
4.Every comouter or other device connected to the Internet or other IP network is given at least one IP (adress)..每个计算机或其他设备连接到互联网或其他网络上提供有至少一个（地址）。
5.And products tested and approved as “Wi-Fi Certified(a registered trademard) by the Wi-Fi Alliance(interoperate) with each other, even if hey are form different manufacturers.产品测试和批准为“Wi - Fi认证（注册trademard）通过Wi - Fi联盟与对方相互操作，即使他们是来自不同的厂家.
6.A connection is maintained while the two end points are communicating back and forth in a conversation or (session) of some duration.连接而保持两端点沟通来回在谈话或（会议）的一些时间。
7.The area (is designated) a nature reserve.该地区(指定)一个自然保护区。
8.You need to have IP addresses set up correctly when(configuring) your network, and you may also need to change them occasionally.你需要地址设置正确，当（配置）网络，你可能偶尔也需要改变。
Unit9
1 A telephone line,cable,and the atmosphere are all transmission media,or channels .
1.电话线，电缆和大气传输介质或渠道
2 The three basic forms into which data can be converted for communication are:electrical pulses or charges, electromagnetic waves and pulse of light.
到其中的数据可用于通讯转换的三种基本形式：电脉冲或收费，电磁波和光脉冲。
3 The transmission media used to support data transmission are telephone lines, coaxial cables, microwave systems, satellites systems,and fiber opticables
用于支持数据传输的传输介质是电话线，同轴电缆，微波系统，卫星系统，光纤光能
4 The twisted-pair wires or cables are commonly used as telephone lines.
常用的双绞线电线或电缆电话线。
5 Coaxial cables are often used as the primary communications medium for locally connected networks .经常被用来作为本地连接网络的主要通信中等的同轴电缆。
6 Microwave systems use the atmosphere as the medium through which to transmit signals.
微波系统使用大气所做的媒介。
7 The facility of each microwave tower receives incoming traffic,boosts the signal strength,and sends the signal to the next station.每个微波塔设施接收的流量，提高了信号强度，并发送信号到下一个站..
8 Satellite communications systems transmit signals in the gigahertz rang-billions of cycles per second.卫星通信系统在千兆赫范围十亿每秒周期的信号传输。
9 Fiber optics communications networks can carry digital signals,thus increasing communications and capacity.光纤通信网络，可以进行数字信号，从而提高了通信和能力。
10 In fiber optics communications,signals are converted to light form and fired by laser in bursts. 在光纤通信，信号转换成光的形式和阵阵激光发射。
B.digit 1.A number which has only one character :0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
1.只有一个字符的数字,如0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
D.optical media 2.Generally,input media on which data are represented as light and dark patterns that can be interpreted by an optical scanner
2.通常，数据作为轻和黑暗的样式可以由一台光扫描器解释的输入媒体
F.fiber optics 3.Data transmission using cable made of optical fibers instead of copper wire
3.运用光纤代替铜线来传输数据
G.microwave4.An electromagnetic wave that is used to transmit data4.被用于传送数据的电磁波A.transmission 5.The sending of message 5.传送消息
C.coaxial cable 6.A type of network cable consisting of two wires,one of which is contained totally within the other6.一种由两根电线构成的电缆
E.noise 7.Electronic interference in data communication 7.在数据交流中的电子干涉
H.synchronous 8.Taking place at precisely the same time ,agreeing in time,speed,stc.8.准确的在同一时间发生
1.Fiber optic cables are not susceptible to electronic noise and so have much lower error rates than normal telephone line an cable
1.光纤不容易受电子干涉，因此有更低的误差比起普通的光缆
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a4735765.html,pressed files travel faster via modem which reduces telecommunication transmission and reception.2.压缩文件通过调制解调器能更快的远距离传输和接收
3.Fiber optics communications networks can carry digital signals,thus increasing communications and capacity3.光纤通信能传输数字信号，这样提高了通信的速度
3.Microwave systems can use the atmosphere as the medium through which to transmit signals
4.微波能通过大气传输信号
5.During the early part of the 1980s ,synchronous orbit satellite lowered the price of long distance telephone call,enabling computer data and television signals to be distributed more cheaply around the world5.在早期的1980年代，人造卫星的同步使得长途电话更加便宜，计算机信号和电视信号遍布全球
6.Standardized test forms are read by optical media_6.标准化的考试用光学媒体来读写
7.Coaxial cable is similar to the cable used to connect your TV set to a cable TV service
7. 同轴电缆是类似的电缆，用于连接您的电视机有线电视服务
8.All decimal numbers less than 1,000 can be written with fewer than four_digits__.
8.所有少于1，000的十进制数据都可以写为少于4位数
1 If you want to communicate between computers over telephone lines , you must have a modem.
如果你想通过电话线实现计算机间通信，你必须有一个调制解调器。
2 The synchronous or bit satellite revolves once a day with the earth
同步绕轨卫星每天会绕地球一圈。
3 A byte contains 8 bits to represent a single character ,and the ninth bit is used todetect errors
一个字节通常有8位，代表一个字符，而第9位是用来检验错误的。
4 Private key encryption is a method of encryption of data that requires the sender and recipient of anencrypted document to exchange a shared cryptographic key directly and secretly 私钥加密是一种加密方法，它要求文档发送者和接收者通过安全的交换共享密钥来实现。
5 Rubber and plastic are both nonconductive materials
橡胶和塑料都是绝缘物质。
6 Microwaves have a higher frequency range than radio waves
微波的频率比无线电波要高。
7 The earliest type of telephone lines were highly susceptible to electrical interference,so they had to be spaced about 12 inches apart to minimize the problem
早期的电话线非常容易受到电磁干扰，因此他们之间必须至少相距12英寸以减小该问题。
8 Microwave signals must be relayed from point to point by microwave towers,or relay
stations,placed 20 to 30 miles apart.
微波信号必须通过微波塔或中继站进行点对点的转播，这些微波塔或中继站通常相距20到30公里。
9 The microwave towers have either a dish or a horn-shaped antenna .
微波塔一般是圆盘状或者角形架状天线。
10 For communications,data can be converted into electrical pulses or charges.
为了实现通信，数据必须被转化为电子脉冲或电荷。
Unit10
1. Every time you download software，or accept attachments through E-mail，your computer has the chance to contract viruses.
每次当你下载软件，或者通过电子邮件接收附件的时候，你的电脑都有可能感染病毒。
2. Viruses are programs that infect other programs, or files containing macro
.病毒是可以感染其他软件的文件，或包含宏的文件。
3.Norton and McAfee are companies that keep track of and research computer virus
诺顿和麦咖啡都是记录和从事记算机病毒研究的公司。
4. Sometimes viruses will even be on a timer and won't start replicating until a certain time or date.
有时病毒甚至会驻留在计时器中，直到某些时刻或日期才复制。
5. If you want to establish an E-mail box and have an E-mail address, you should first choose an E-mail client
如果你想建立一个E - mail信箱，并有一个E - mail地址，你应该先选择一个E- mail客户端。
6. There are also many instances where anti-virus software maybe recognize a virus, but not be able to do anything about it.
7. When you are infected with a virus, the thing that really helps is to reformat your hard drive.
当你的电脑感染了病毒，真正有帮助的事情是重新格式化您的硬盘驱动器。
8. Always back up your files in case they may be infected with viruses.
务必备份您的文件，以防它们可能被病毒感染。
.1.attached file to the E-mail答案:attachment附加文件到e-mail.
2.examine(something) carefully答案：scan仔细检查
3.to write a series of instructions which make a computer perform a particular operation答案;program写了一系列的指令使计算机执行特定的操作
4.online conversation group 答案chat group网上交谈组
5.not functioning 不能正常工作.......inoperable(无法使用)
6.quick to act, especially to meet the needs of someone or something迅速采取行动，特别是满足某人或某物的需求......responsive
7.serving to inform; providing or disclosing information;instructive服务通知;提供或披露信息;启发https://www.doczj.com/doc/8a4735765.html,rmative(提供情报的)
8.the most important fact in a situation最重要的事实情况......the bottom line
1.Can you find a(n) informative site which provides sufficient MP3 files for me to listen to?
你能找到一个信息网站，提供足够的，我听的MP3文件呢？
2.She programmed/is programming the computer to calculate the exchange rate of twelve currencies.
她用计算机编写程序去计算十二种货币的汇率。
3.Reformatting your computer can make it more responsive
格式化您的计算机可以使之更灵敏
4.NEVER open a(n) attachment sent by somebody you don`t know! And,any-more,even if you do know them if it`s something you didn`t expect.
切勿打开你不知道的人发送的附件！，任何，即使你知道他们如果这些事情是你不期望的。
5.The members of a chat group are those who exchange messages on-line,especially people who share a common interest. 聊天组的成员是一些通过网络上线交流信息的人，尤其分享共同的利益的人。
6. The bottom line is that we need another ten thousand dollars to complete the project
底线是，我们需要另外1000万美元去完成这个项目
7.Some viruses render a computer inoperable;others merely display startling screen messages to unsuspecting users.
有些病毒会造成计算机无法正常工作;别人只是显示惊人的屏幕上的消息对不知情的使用者。
8.If an image or text on paper is scanned into a computer,it is changed into electronic information by a special device.
如果在纸上的文字或图像被电脑扫描，他被一种特殊的设备改变为电子信息。
1. New technology ( has rendered ) my old computer obsolete(过时的).
更新的科技使我的电脑过时了。
2. Most of the image you see ( embeded 嵌入)into Web pages are GIFs(Graphics Interchage Format).
你在网页上看到的大部分图片都是GIF格式。
3. You should ( update ) your anti-virus program every other day（每隔一天）because there are kinds of viruses very active these days.
因为近期有很多病毒非常活跃，你最好每天更新你的杀毒程序。
4. For the most part ,viruses ( are contracted ) by downloading files from the Internet.
大部分情况，病毒都是通过在网络上下载文件而感染电脑的。
5. Nearly one home in ten across the country is ( wired ) to receive TV signals via(取道，经由) cable.
全国将近十分之一的家庭通过电缆接收有线电视信号。
6. Investigators（调查者，研究员）( theorized ) that the crash was caused by engine failure（引擎故障）.
调查者推断这件事故是由引擎故障造成的。
7. Worm（蠕虫病毒）is an insidious(阴险的) and usually illegal（间谍，违法，不合法）computer program that is designed to replicate itself over a network（在一个网络中）for the purpose of causing harm and/or destruction. 蠕虫病毒是一种潜伏的非法的电脑程序，它被设计成在一个网络上复制自己，破坏毁灭电脑程序。
8. The new SSID(Service Set Identifier—the name of a wireless local area network) is not ( activated ) on the router（路由器）until you save or confirm（确定）the change.
由器的无线网络域名在你确定保存以后才会被激活。
Unit11
1.If you want to create files for the Web, you must use HTML.
如果你想创建文件的网页,你必须使用HTML。
2.HTML is used to define the various components of a World Wide Web document.
HTML是用来定义不同成分的万维网文件。
3.HTML documents are plain-text files that can also be called ASCII files.
HTML文档是纯文本文件,也可称为ASCII文件。
4.If you use a WYSIWYG editor to design your HTML document, you needn?t write the makeup tags in a plain-text file.
如果你使用一个所见即所得编辑器,来设计你的HTML文档,你不必在一个纯文本上写标记标识。
5. If you want to get your files on Web, usually you should get touch with your webmaster. 如果你想让你的文件在网站,在通常情况下,你应该联系您的网络管理员。
6. Heads, tables, paragraphs, and lists are examples of elements of the structure of a text document.
头元素、表、段落、列表是文本文件结构元素的例子。
7. We use tags to denote the various elements in an HTML document.
我们使用标签来表示各种要素在一个HTML文档。
8. The end tag looks just like the start tag except a slash (/) precedes the text within the brackets. 看起来就像结束标签的起始标签除了一个斜杠前面的文本在括号内。
9.