Earthquake
An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves（地震波）. Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer（地震检波器）, also known as a seismograph（地震仪）. The moment magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported, or the related and mostly obsolete Richter magnitude(里氏量级）, with magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes being mostly imperceptible 感觉不到的and magnitude 7 causing serious damage over large areas. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale（麦加利震级, 麦氏震级）.
At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by a shaking and sometimes displacement （位移）of the ground. When a large earthquake epicenter （震中）is located offshore, the seabed sometimes suffers sufficient displacement to cause a tsunami（海啸）. The shaking in earthquakes can also trigger landslides and occasionally volcanic activity.
In its most generic sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event—whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans—that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture（破裂, 裂开）of geological faults（断层）, but also by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments.
An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The term epicenter means the point at ground level directly above this.
An earthquake (also known as a quake) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. 地震（也称为地震，地震或地震）是一个突然释放的能量在地球的地壳地震波产生的结果。地震活动，地震或地震活动面积是指频率，类型和在一段时间内经历了地震的大小。 There are three main types of fault, all of which may cause an interplate earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip. Normal and reverse faulting are examples of dip-slip, where the displacement along the fault is in the direction of dip and movement on them involves a vertical component. Normal faults occur mainly in areas where the crust is being extended such as a divergent boundary. Reverse faults occur in areas where the crust is being shortened such as at a convergent boundary. Strike-slip faults are steep structures where the two sides of the fault slip horizontally past each other; transform boundaries are a particular type of strike-slip fault. Many earthquakes are caused by movement on faults that have components of both dip-slip and strike-slip; this is known as oblique slip. 有故障的三种主要类型，所有这些都可能导致板内地震：正常，反（逆）
地震英语词汇大全
Practical English: 地震英语词汇大全（一） ?Source: Global Times ?[14:26 April 15 2010] ?Comments 英语中表示地震的名词有： earthquake、quake、shake、shock、tremor和 temblor （此词为美语） 英语中表示地震的动词（即意为“地震发生于...”的动词）有：hit 袭击，打击，使遭受 strike 突然发生 shake 摇；摇动；摇撼 jolt 使颠簸，摇晃 rock 摇，摇动，使振动 roll across 波动，起伏，横摇 rip through 裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯 形容地震的破坏程度的动词有（按破换程度从小到大排序）：
damage 损害，损伤；〔口语〕伤害，毁坏destroy 毁坏，破坏；摧残 shatter 破坏；捣毁；破灭 devastate 蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭level 推倒，夷平 flatten 夷为平地 地震学相关词汇： seismological 地震学上的 seismology 地震学 seismograph 地震仪 seismographer 地震学家 aftershock 余震 smaller tremors 小地震 epicenter 震中
magnitude 震级 Richter Scale(1—10) 里氏震级earthquake monitoring 地震监控tsunami 海啸 tsunami warning system 海啸预警系统tidal waves 潮汐波，浪潮 natural disaster 自然灾害 tragedy 灾难 wreckage 残骸 death toll 死亡人数 survivors 幸存者 victims 受灾者 international contributions 国际援助evacuation 撤离
a letter of condolence 地震慰问信 1 中国四川汶川大地震灾害严重，已造成500多万人无家可归。请你代表我校 写一封慰问信向灾区人民表示关怀和慰问。 1. 简要描述灾区的情况 2. 对灾区人民表示关怀和慰问 3. 表达灾后重建家园的信心 dear victims, the earthquake which happened two weeks ago in sichuan province is an enormous disaster for our whole nation. it has caused both financial and life loss. until now, fifty thousand people lost their lives due to the earthquake and much more injured seriously. five million people have no homes to return as the majority of the buildings were collapsed we are sorry about this accident. it’s a pity that many children lost their parents and many couples lost their lovers. i could not help but cry when hearing of the moving stories that happened during the disaster. our whole nation is a big family, every member would like to give a helping hand to the people who suffered from the earthquake. we must show our warm-heartedness and make donations to the stricken area so that their broken heart can be warmed. a series of actions has been taken since the earthquake happened. i believe the stricken area will soon be restored with the soldiers and other warm-hearted people’s help. the future will be bright, cheer up! yours sincerely zzia (wj) --------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- 地震慰问信2 dear victims, a week ago, i was shocked at the news about the earthquake in wenchuan. and i’m very sorry to hear that this earthquake was the greatest disaster after 1949. and there are 40075 people who are found dead in the disaster till now and there have been more than 500 million people who are homeless. the floor was ripped through, many blocks and houses were seriously damaged, and even were as flat as a pancake. i’m deeply moved by the volunteers and the international rescue teams victims and survivors with our warm heart. moreover, we contribute a large amount of money to you. and our school will try our best to help you. last but not the least, i hope we all have the confidence to rebuild
汶川地震英语作文 汶川地震英语作文 Strong earthquake hits China A powerful earthquake measuring 7.8 has hit China's southern province of Sichuan, shaking buildings as far away as Beijing, Shanghai and Bangkok. It was not immediately clear if there were any casualties or damage from the tremor which the the US Geological Survey (UGS) earlier put at 7.8. The epicentre of the quake was 93 kilometres north of Chengdu. Wenchuan, which took full force of the quake, has a population of 111,000 people. It is in an ethnic Tibetan area in Aba county which recently saw violent clashes between Tibetans and Chinese authorities. According to some reports there was a second earthquake measuring 3.9 which hit the Beijing district of Tongzhou at roughly the same time.
地震英语词汇及地震专业术语 表示地震的词：earthquake quake shake shock tremor temblor [ 美语] （pl. -s, -blores ） （地震）发生于... ： hit... 袭击，打击，使遭受 strike... 突然发生shake... 摇；摇动；摇撼jolt... 使颠簸，摇晃rock... 摇，摇动，使振动roll across... 波动，起伏，横摇 rip through... 裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯破坏程度（小→大） damage 损害，损伤；〔口语〕伤害，毁坏。destroy 毁坏，破坏；摧残。 shatter 破坏；捣毁；破灭。devastate 蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭。 level 推倒，夷平。flatten 夷为平地。 地震学相关词汇：seismological 地震学上的seismology 地震学seismograph 地震仪seismographer 地震学家aftershock 余震smaller tremors 小地震epicenter 震中magnitude 震级Richter Scale(1 —10) 里氏震级earthquake monitoring 地震监控tsunami 海啸tsunami
warning system 海啸预警系统tidal waves 潮汐波，浪潮natural disaster 自然灾害tragedy 灾难wreckage 残骸death toll 死亡人数survivors 幸存者victims 受灾者
international contributions evacuation 撤离 rescue team 救 援小组 其他地震术语 seisesthesia 振动感觉 seismaesthesia 震觉 seismesthesia 振动感觉 seismic 地震的 seismic (seismal; seismical; earthquake) load seismic acceleration 地震加速度 ; 震动加速度 seismic acceleration indicator 地震加速指示计 seismic activity 地震活动 ; 地震活动性 seismic amplifier 地震放大器 seismic analysis 地震分析 seismic area 地震带 ; 地震区 ; 震区 seismic belt 地震带 ; 地震区 seismic bending moment 地震弯矩 seismic center 震中 seismic coefficient 地震系数 seismic core phase 核震相 seismic cross-section 地震剖面 seismic data 地震数据 ; 地震资料 seismic degree 震度 seismic design 地震设计 seismic detector 地震检波器 ; 地震仪 seismic detector of the displacement 位移式地震检波器 seismic detector of the velocity type 速度式地震检波器 seismic digital amplifier 地震数字放大器 seismic discontinuity 地震间断面 seismic drill 地震孔用钻机 seismic dynamic load 地震动力载荷 seismic element method 地震元法 seismic exploration 地层勘探; 地震探测 ; 地震探查; 震波勘测 seismic exploration vessel 震波勘测船 seismic filter 地震滤波器 国际援助 地震载荷
唐山大地震中英文双语简介 来自：贡献人：Alex创建时间：2010-07-26 11:28 冯小刚导演拍摄的《唐山大地震》电影上映，于此同时又让我们回到了1976年 The China Earthquake of July 28, 1976 (The Tangshan Earthquake) No other earthquake in this century has been as catastrophic or has claimed as many lives as the great earthquake that struck the city of Tangshan, in Northern China, on July 28, 1976. Tangshan, a thriving industrial city with one million inhabitants, is located only about 95 miles east, and slightly south, of Beijing. Although the region had experienced moderate seismic activity in the past, the city of Tangshan has been built on unstable, alluvial soil. To make matters worse, The city is located in the center of an area with major crustal faults on four sides. Furthermore, a 25-mile long fault passes through Tangshan, where only few of its structures are earthquake-resistant. In the early morning hours of July 28, while the city was asleep, the magnitude 8.0 earthquake with its epicenter right on the city broke a five-mile section of the fault. Along the west side of the fault the land moved five feet northward in relation to the land on the east side. The east block tipped downward at the northern end of the break, and upward toward the south end. Over a four-by-five mile area the devastation of the city was nearly total. The force of the quake motions were so strong that people reported being thrown in the air. Within seconds, thousands died. Property destruction was unbelievable. Bridges, railroads, homes, factories were completely leveled. In the harbor city of Tientsin, 60 miles to the southwest, and in Beijing to the west, the quake jolts forced thousands of frightened people into the streets seeking refuge from aftershocks. 中文翻译：
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 An earthquake (also known as a quake) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. 地震（也称为地震，地震或地震）是一个突然释放的能量在地球的地壳地震波产生的结果。地震活动，地震或地震活动面积是指频率，类型和在一段时间内经历了地震的大小。 There are three main types of fault, all of which may cause an interplate earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip. Normal and reverse faulting are examples of dip-slip, where the displacement along the fault is in the direction of dip and movement on them involves a vertical component. Normal faults occur mainly in areas where the crust is being extended such as a divergent boundary. Reverse faults occur in areas where the crust is being shortened such as at a convergent boundary. Strike-slip faults are steep structures where the two sides of the fault slip horizontally past each other; transform boundaries are a particular type of strike-slip fault. Many earthquakes are caused by movement on faults that have components of both dip-slip and strike-slip; this is known as oblique slip. 有故障的三种主要类型，所有这些都可能导致板内地震：正常，反（逆）和走滑。正常和逆冲断层倾滑的例子，在沿断层的位移是倾斜的运动方向上包括一个垂直分量。正常的故障主要发生在区域地壳被扩展，如发散边界。逆断层发生的地区，地壳缩短如在会聚边界。走滑断层陡构造，断层两侧水平过去彼此；变换边界是一种特定类型的走滑断层。许多地震是由具有倾滑和走滑断层的运动引起的成分；这被称为斜滑。 The earth is divided into three layers: the center layer is the core, the middle is the outer layer of the crust mantle. The mean radius of the earth is about 6370 km, the crustal thickness is about 35 kilometers, the
地震英语词汇大全集团标准化小组：[VVOPPT-JOPP28-JPPTL98-LOPPNN]
英语中表示地震的名词有：earthquake、quake、shake、shock、tremor和temblor （此词为美语） 英语中表示地震的动词（即意为“地震发生于...”的动词）有： hit 袭击，打击，使遭受 strike 突然发生 shake 摇；摇动；摇撼 jolt 使颠簸，摇晃 rock 摇，摇动，使振动 roll across 波动，起伏，横摇 rip through 裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯 形容地震的破坏程度的动词有（按破换程度从小到大排序）： damage 损害，损伤；〔口语〕伤害，毁坏 destroy 毁坏，破坏；摧残 shatter 破坏；捣毁；破灭 devastate 蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭 level 推倒，夷平 flatten 夷为平地 地震学相关词汇： seismological 地震学上的 seismology 地震学
seismograph 地震仪 seismographer 地震学家 aftershock 余震 smaller tremors 小地震 epicenter 震中 magnitude 震级 Richter Scale(1—10) 里氏震级earthquake monitoring 地震监控tsunami 海啸 tsunami warning system 海啸预警系统tidal waves 潮汐波，浪潮 natural disaster 自然灾害 tragedy 灾难 wreckage 残骸 death toll 死亡人数 survivors 幸存者 victims 受灾者 international contributions 国际援助evacuation 撤离 rescue team 救援小组（hjEnglish）seisesthesia 振动感觉
海洋地震仪OBS简介 Ocean Bottom Seismometer 主要用途 海底地震仪OBS( Ocean Bottom Seismometer )是一种放置于海底的地震数据采集系统，可用于记录天然地震事件和人工地震勘探，广泛应用于油气勘探、地球深部结构探测等领域。由于仪器位于海底，可以同时接收P波和S波信号，且环境噪音低，实现高信噪比、高分辨率和高精度的海底地震数据采集。 Application ： OBS( Ocean Bottom Seismometer )is a seismic data acquisition system which placed in the seabed, able to record the natural earthquake and human seismic exploration, it is widely used for Oil & gas exploration, deep exploration of earth structure and other fields. Since the device is in the seabed, it could receive the signal of P wave and S wave at the same time, with a low noise environment, the data acquisition is realized the high signal to noise ratio, high resolution and high accuracy. 主要特点 1. 可采集4 分量的地震信号，分辨率高，一致性好； 2. 采用宽频带地震计，可适应海底较大的倾斜角，自动调整水平； 3. 低功耗运行，连续长期海下工作； 4. 万米级工作水深； 5. 高精度GPS授时，水面自定位； 6. 人机友好交互，方便查看仪器状态； Main Features: 1. Get 4 channels seismic signal, high resolution and Good consistency 2. Adopt broad band seismic sensor, can adapt to the larger angle of the sea, automatically adjust the level; 3. Low-power operation, continuously work underwater in long-terms; 4. work depth could reach 10000m; 5. High precision GPS timing, self-positioning; 6. Man-machine friendly interaction, easy to view the instrument state; 技术参数 1. 宽频带长周期四通道海底地震仪：甚宽频带( 120s-50Hz )；标准宽频带( 60s-50Hz ；30s- 100Hz )；部分120s 和60s OBS 为双球体或四球体等，以满足检波器固置空间和海底能源供应的需
有关地震的英语慰问信范文 一方有难，八方支援，广大群众组织纷纷为地震灾区的人民送上亲切的慰问，下面是公文站小雅整理的关于有关地震的英语慰问信范文。希望对大家有用! 有关地震的英语慰问信范文(1) Dear victims， A powerful earthquake hit your hometown， Yushu in Qinghai province month ago. It is also a terrible natural disaster for our whole nation. It has caused both financial and life loss. Until now， approximately seventy thousand people lost their lives due to the earthquake and much more were injured seriously. Six million people have no homes to return as the majority of the buildings were collapsed. These days we keep watching the staggering deathroll and hearing the heart-wrenching stories from the Yushu earthquake. We are so much saddened that many children lost their parents and many couples lost their lovers. I could not help but cry when hearing of the moving stories that happened during the disaster. And we are so much touched by the true outpouring of effort and emotion from all over the
关于地震的英语作文翻译 Earthquakes may take place anywhere on the earth’s surface. During all earth quake, the vibrations make the earth's surface tremble, and even crack open. Houses fall, people are killed or injured and sometimes whole cities are destroyed. Can we do something to protect ourselves against earthquakes? Can we take precautionary measures? We can. Scientists have made investigation on earthquakes. They have made maps showing the "earthquake belts". In areas along these belts, earthquakes are likely to occur. In these areas we can build special houses to resist earthquake shocks and protect ourselves. in the future, scientists will be able to predict exactly when and where earthquakes will take place. Then they will be able to tell people to take precautionary measures. Thus lives can he saved and damage can be lessened. 地震 地震可能发生在地球表面的任何地方。地震时，震动使地表颤动甚至裂开。房屋坍塌，人员伤亡，有时整座城市变为废墟。 我们能够采取措施保护自己免遭地震伤害吗?能采取预防措施吗? 能。科学家们对地球实行了调查研究。他们绘制地图标出了“地震带”。沿着这些地震带可能有地震发生。在这些地震区，我们能够修建特殊房屋来抗震和保护自己。将来，科学家们将能准确的预报地震将在什么时候和什么地方发生。然后他们会告诉人们采取预防措施。如此，生命能够得到拯救，损失能够减轻。
关于地震的英语作文范文 地震又称地动、地振动，是地壳快速释放能量过程中造成振动，期间会产生地震波的一种自然现象。以下是我带来的关于地震的英语作文，希望对你有帮助。 关于地震的英语作文(一) Today,there are ways to protect and prepare possible sites of earthquakes from severe damage,through the following processes:earthquake engineering,earthquake preparedness,household seismic safety,seismic retrofit (including special fasteners,materials,and techniques),seismic hazard,mitigation of seismic motion,and earthquake prediction.Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity,ground motion,or soil failure due to earthquakes.With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers,the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. 关于地震的英语作文(二) Practicing the earthquake's escape -- Last Friday,we had a practice in our school,how to escape as the earthquake
Seismic 地震 abnormal events: Coherent events which are not reflections. Refraction, reflected refractions, diffractions, surface waves, and sometimes multiple reflections are included (though there’s nothing ―abnormal‖ about any of these ). 异常同相轴：相干非反射同相轴，包括折射波、反射折射波、绕射波、面波，往往也包括多次反射波（尽管这些波本身无任何异常）。 absorption: A process whereby some of the energy of seismic wave is converted into heat while passing through a medium. Absorption for seismic waves is perhaps of the order of 1/2 db/cycle. Sometimes claimed to be proportional to the frequency squared rather than linear with frequency. See Q. 吸收作用：为地震波通过某一介质时，其一部分能量转化为热量的一个过程。地震波吸收衰减约为每周期1/2 分贝，有时表述为吸收与频率的平方成正比，而不是与频率成简单的线性正比关系。见品质因数Q。 acoustic:Sonic; pertaining to sound. Usually refers to compressional P waves, sometimes restricted to P-waves in fluids (liquids and gases ), sometimes generalized to include other elastic wave types. 声学的，声的：声音的，声速的；属于声学范畴。通常指压缩纵波，有时仅指在流体中传播的纵波（液体和气体），广义上也包括其它类型的弹性波。 acoustic impedance: Seismic velocity multiplied by density.
英语中表示地震的动词(即意为“地震发生于……”的动词)有： hit袭击，打击，使遭受strike突然发生shake摇；摇动；摇撼 jolt使颠簸，摇晃rock摇，摇动，使振动roll across波动，起伏，横摇 rip through裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯 形容地震的破坏程度的动词有(按破换程度从小到大排序)： damage 损害，损伤；〔口语〕伤害，毁坏 destroy 毁坏，破坏；摧残 shatter 破坏；捣毁；破灭 devastate 蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭 level 推倒，夷平 flatten 夷为平地 地震学相关词汇： seismological地震学上的seismology地震学seismograph地震仪seismographer地震学家aftershock余震smaller tremors小地震epicenter震中magnitude震级Richter Scale(1—10)里氏震级earthquake monitoring地震监控tsunami海啸tidal waves潮汐波，浪潮tsunami warning system海啸预警系统natural disaster自然灾害tragedy灾难wreckage残骸death toll死亡人数survivors幸存者victims受灾者international contributions国际援助evacuation撤离rescue team 救援小组 1. 地震earthquake、earthshock、quake、cataclysm、seism、temblor A 2. 震中epicenter、epicentre、epicentrum 、seismic vertical 3. 地震波示波仪seismoscope 4. 地震的, 有关地震的seismal、seismic 5. 地震仪, 测震仪seismograph 6. 地震学seismology 7. 地震学家seismologist 8. dislocation earthquake断层地震 9. folding earthquake褶皱地震 10. local earthquake局部地震 11. palintectic earthquake深源地震 12. plutonic earthquake深源地震 13. shallow-focus earthquake浅源地震
【实用知识】地震安全手册(中英文对照) This booklet is designed to help you and your family plan for and survive a major earthquake. By taking action to be prepared, you can lessen the impact of an earthquake on your family. Set aside some emergency supplies, and teach your family what to do at home during and after a disaster. You could be without help for up to 72 hours, so learn to cope for at least that long. Movement of the ground is seldom the actual cause of death or injury. Most casualties result from partial building collapse and falling objects and debris, like toppling chimneys, falling bricks, ceiling plaster, and light fixtures. Many of these conditions are easily preventable. Because earthquakes occur without warning, it’s important to take steps now to prepare, so that you know what you can do and how to respond —constructive, protective action is possible. 这本小册子旨在帮助你和家人学会未雨绸缪，以便在大地震时逃生。事先进行准备，可以减少地震带来的冲击。做一些适当的应急储备，并告诉你的家人在灾难中和灾难之后该做些什么。当灾难发生时，你很可能在72小时之内得不到任何救助。因此，至少要学会如何撑过72个小时。 地震中地面的移动一般不会直接造成伤亡。大多数伤亡是由建筑物的坍塌以及物体和建筑物残骸坠落造成。比如，倒塌的烟囱、落下的砖头、天花板上的泥块以及灯具等。而多数情况都是易于避免的。 地震发生前是没有征兆的，因此，从现在就开始进行准备相当重要。这样一来，你才会知道灾难发生时该做什么，该如何应对，如何进行有意义的自我保护。 Have on Hand for Any Emergency –Ideas for Home, Workplace, and Car 为突发状况准备趁手的的应急物品：家里、办公地点、汽车上如何应急 Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake occurs, prepare a Disaster Supplies Kit for your home, workplace, and car. 因为你不知道地震发生的时候自己会在哪儿，所以，在家里、办公地点以及汽车上，都准备一套抗灾装备吧。 【水】 ·Water. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. A normally active person needs at least ? gallon of water daily just for drinking. In determining adequate quantities, take the following into account: 每人每天至少需储备1加仑(3.8升)的水，并按此标准一次备够72小时之用。一般情况下，一个活跃的正常人，光饮用，每天就需要消耗1/2加仑（1.9升）的水。为了保证足够的量，应考虑以下因素： ·Individual needs vary depending on age, physical condition, activity, diet, and climate. ·Children, nursing mothers, and ill people need more water. ·Very hot temperatures can double the amount of water needed. ·A medical emergency might require more water. * 个体需求量因年龄、体质、活动量、饮食、气候等而有差异。 * 儿童、哺乳期妇女、病人需水量更大。 * 高温天气会使需水量成倍增加。 * 医疗紧急情况会需要更多的水。 It is recommended that you buy commercially bottled water. Keep bottled water in its