2013年1月高等教育自学考试00834英语经贸知识

全国2013年1月高等教育自学考试国际贸易理论与实务试题课程代码：00149请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

一、单项选择题(本大题共24小题，每小题1分，共24分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出并在“答题纸”上将相应代码涂黑。

错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。

1．货物生产国和货物消费国通过第三国进行的贸易活动对第三国而言是C p43A．间接出口贸易B．间接进口贸易C．转口贸易D．过境贸易2．在过境贸易中，交易关系的确立是在A p44A．进出口国的贸易商之间B．出口国贸易商和第三国贸易商之间C．进口国贸易商和第三国贸易商之间D．第三国贸易商分别与出口国、进口国贸易商订立合同3．地理大发现后，下列关于国家之间贸易的特征的说法正确的是C p48A．国家之间的贸易仍是单纯的互通有无B．决定商品流向的不再是各国的自然资源条件和生产技能C．受生产力水平、运输与通讯条件的制约，国际贸易的规模与商品范围仍然受到限制D．形成了真正意义上的国际贸易4．美国谷物交易所的小麦价格是A p66A．世界自由市场价格B．世界封闭市场价格C．调拨价格D．垄断价格5．下列观点不符合．．．比较优势论的是C p75A．国际分工的基础是各国存在的劳动生产率的绝对差别B．一国应集中生产优势最大的产品C．劳动生产率差异的原因是历史条件和自然条件D．各国应出口具有比较优势的产品6．各国对进口商品征收进口关税时，大多数国家一般是A p87A．对工业制成品的进口征收较高关税B．对半制成品的进口征收较高关税C．对原料的进口征收较高关税D．对工业制成品的进口免税7．在贸易条约与协定中，全面规定两国间经济贸易关系，内容广泛，涉及缔约国之间经济贸易关系各个方面的是B p129A．贸易议定书B．通商航海条约C．支付协定D．国际商品协定8．在世界贸易组织的运行过程中，通过最惠国待遇、国民待遇、互惠待遇等条款体现的基本原则是B p158A．贸易自由化原则B．非歧视性原则C．促进公平竞争原则D．对发展中国家特殊优惠原则9．在各种区域经济一体化形式中，共同市场和关税同盟最大的区别是D p140A．关税减让B．自由贸易C．统一对外关税D．生产要素自由流动10．根据《2010通则》，采用CIF术语成交，买卖双方风险划分的界限是B p184A．货物在装运港越过船舷B．货物在装运港装上船C．货物在目的港越过船舷D．货物在目的港卸下船11．根据((2010通则》，下列贸易术语中需要卖方办理进口国的报关手续并支付相应费用的是C p192A．EXW B．FASC．DDP D．DAT12．国际贸易中各国和各行业对数量的“约”解释不一，如果采用信用证支付方式，根据国际惯例，允许对有关金额、数量或单价的增减幅度为不超过．．．．．．．．C p210A．3％B．5％C．10％D．15％13．在我国农副产品出口中有时会用良好平均品质来说明商品品质，此时的良好平均品质一般是指A p204A．大路货B．精选货C．劣等货D．可销货14．在进出口业务中，能够作为物权凭证的运输单据是B p232A．铁路运单B．海运提单C．航空运单D．邮包收据15．少量货物或杂货通常采用的运输方式是A p219A．班轮运输B．定期租船运输C．定程租船运输D．光船租船运输16．根据我国《海洋货物运输保险条款》的规定，承保范围最大的基本险是C p244 A．平安险B．水渍险C．一切险D．罢工险17．出票人是商号或个人的汇票是D p253A．即期汇票B．远期汇票C．银行汇票D．商业汇票18．属于银行信用的支付方式是D p262A．汇付B．承兑交单C．付款交单D．信用证支付19．下列检验证书中用于证明卖方所交货物质量状况的凭证是D p276A．重量检验证书B．产地证明书C．财产价值鉴定证书D．品质检验证书20．据《联合国货物销售合同公约》，合同生效的时间为A p296A．接受生效时B．签订书面合同的时间C．收到对方合同确认书的时间D．书面合同经双方当事人签字后21．提单是清洁提单而货物有残损且由船方过失所致，进口方的索赔对象应为B p312 A．卖方B．承运人C．保险公司D．其他有责任的第三方22．根据中国人民保险公司关于海洋货物运输保险条款的规定，收货人发现货物损坏，向保险公司索赔的诉讼时效为D p313A．3天B．半年C．1年D．2年23．由拍卖人宣布拍卖标的的起拍价，然后依次递减，直到有买者认为已经低到可以接受的价格买进为止。

2013年1月全国高等教育自学考试高级英语真题(三)2013-03-11 14:24:07 来源: 作者: 【大中小】浏览:1744次评论:0条p; B. manifestC. demonstrateD. manipulate14. It is very unpleasant to have to_______ the smoke from other people's cigarettes.A. inhaleB. exhaleC. importD. export15. The government has ______ its refusal to compromise with terrorists.A. retoldB. redeemedC. reactedD. reiteratedRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items ll , lll, IV.World's Rich Nations Miss a GoldenOpportunity to Back Fair Trade(1) Perhaps the defining moment of Tony Blair's premiership was the speech that he gave to the Labour Party conference in October 2001. In June his party had returned to office with a huge majority. In September two planes were flown into the World Trade Centre in New York. The speech appeared to mark his transition from the insecure prime minister to a visionary and a statesman, determined to change the world. The most memorable passage was his declaration on Africa. "The state of Africa", he told us, "is a scar on the conscience of the world. But if the world as a community focused on it, we could heal it. And if we don't, it will become deeper and angrier."(2) This being so, I would like to ask Britain's visionary prime minister to explain what he thinks he was doing at the G8 summit in France. A few weeks ago President Jacques Chirac did something unprecedented. After years of opposing any changes to European farm subsidies（补贴）, he approached the US government to suggest that Europe would stop subsidising its exports of food to Africa if America did the same.(3) His offer was significant, not only because it represented a major policy reversal for France, but also because it provided an opportunity to abandon the perpetual agricultural arms race between the European Union and the US, in which each side seeks to offer more subsidies than the other. The West's farm subsidies, as Blair has pointed out, are a disaster for the developing world, and particularly for Africa.(4) Farming accounts for some 70% of employment on that continent, and most of the farmers there are desperately poor. Part of the reason is that they are unfairly undercut by the subsidised products dumped on their markets by exporters from the US and the EU. Chirac' s proposals addressed only part of the problem, but theycould have begun the process of dismantling the system that does so much harm to the West's environment and the lives of some of the world's most vulnerable people.(5) We might, then, have expected Blair to have welcomed Chirac's initiative. Instead the prime minister has single-handedly destroyed it. The reason will by now be familiar. George Bush, who receives substantial political support from US agro-industrialists, grain exporters and pesticide manufacturers, was not prepared to make the concessions required to match Chirac's offer. If the EU, and in particular the UK, had supported France, the moral pressure on Bush might have been irresistible. But as soon as Blair made it clear that he would not support Chirac's plan, the initiative was dead.(6) So, thanks to Mr Blair and his habit of doing whatever Bush tells him to, Africa will continue to suffer. Several of the food crises from which that continent is now suffering are made worse by the plight of its own farmers. The underlying problem is that the rich nations set the global trade rules. The current world trade agreement was supposed to have prevented the EU and the US from subsidising their exports to developing nations. But, as the development agency Oxfam has shown, the agreement contains so many loopholes that it permits the two big players simply to call their export subsidies by a different name.(7) So, for example, the EU has, in several farm sectors, stopped paying farmers according to the amount they produce and started instead to give them direct grants, based on the amount of land they own and how much they produced there in the past. The US has applied the2013年1月全国高等教育自学考试高级英语真题(四)2013-03-11 14:24:07 来源: 作者: 【大中小】浏览:1745次评论:0条me formula, and added a couple of tricks of its own. One of these is called "export credit": the state reduces the cost of US exports by providing cheap insurance for the exporters. These credits, against which Chirac was hoping to trade the European subsidies, are worth some 7.7bn to US grain sellers. In combination with other tricks, they ensure that American exporters can undercut the world price for wheat and maize by between 10% and 16%, and the world price for cotton by 40%. But the ugliest of its hidden export subsidies is its use of aid as a means of penetrating the markets of poorer nations.While the other major donors give money, which the World Food Programme can use to buy supplies in local markets, thus helping farmers while feeding the starving, the US insists on sending its own produce, stating that this programme is "designed to develop . " and expand commercial outlets for US products".(8) The result is that the major recipients are not the nations in greatest need, but the nations that can again in the words of the US department of agriculture,. "demonstrate the potential to become commercial markets" for US farm products. This is why, for example, the Philippines currently receives more US food aid than Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe put together, all of which, unlike the Philippines, are currently suffering from serious food shortages.(9) But US policy also ensures that food aid is delivered just when it is needed least. Oxfam has produced a graph plotting the amount of wheat given to developing nations by the US against world prices. When the price falls the volume of "aid" rises. This is as clear a demonstration of agricultural dumping as you could ask for. The very programme that is meant to help the poor is in fact undermining them.(10) So, when faced with a choice between saving Africa and saving George Bush from a mild diplomatic embarrassment, Blair has, as we could have predicted,done as his master bids. The scar on the conscience of the world has just become deeper and angrier.II. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each).16. The word "perpetual" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. cruelB. costlyC. horribleD. ceaseless17. What percentage of African workers are involved in farming?A. about 70%B. about 40%C. about 16%D. about 10%18. According to the author, agricultural subsidies are a bad thing because______.A. they only benefit the USAB. they cause political unrest in AfricaC. they lead to cheaper food prices in AfricaD. they make the price of imported food cheaper than locally produced food19. The word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 4 means ______.A. toughB. weakC. hostileD. indifferent20. The author is angry with Tony Blair because ______.A. he remains an insecure prime ministerB. he won the election with a huge majorityC. he always challenges the American positionD. he changed his mind and opposed the French proposal21. The word “plight” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to ______.A. a bitter complaintB. a difficult conditionC. a habit of laziness2013年1月全国高等教育自学考试高级英语真题(五)2013-03-11 14:24:07 来源: 作者: 【大中小】浏览:1746次评论:0条D. an arrogant attitude22. The EU and the US have avoided the World Trade Agreement ban on subsidising food exports ______.A. by helping the starving in AfricaB. by giving money directly to poor farmersC. by giving these subsidies a different nameD. by paying farmers according to the amount they produce23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The G8 summit meeting was held in France.B. France recently offered to stop subsidising food exports to Africa.C. American exporters charge 10% more than the world price for wheat.D. The Philippines receives more US food aid than Mozambique, Zambia,Zimbabwe and Malawi.24. Richer countries like the Philippines receive more US food aid than poorer countries because ______.A. they have a louder voiceB. they have bigger populationsC. they are better potential markets for US productsD. they have always been loyal allies of the United States25. The author's attitude to Blair's decision is ______ .A. criticalB. positiveC. optimisticD. indifferent非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

2013年自学考试本科《国际商务英语》复习题国际商务英语复习题库unit one International businessI .Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.commercial risk 贸易风险opportunity cost 机会成本absolute advantage 绝对优势intellectual property 人才资源1.visible trade 有形贸易2. credit inquiry信用调查3. letter of credit信用证4.balance of trade贸易顺差5.sales contract销售合同6.bill of lading提单7.consular invoice领事发票8. draft汇票1.counter-offer 还盘2.firm-offer 实盘3.enquiry 询盘4.offeror 发盘人5. cooperative negotiation 合作谈判6.offer without engagement 虚盘7.acceptance 承兑1.insurance premium 保险费2.certificate of origin 原产地证书3.metric ton 公吨4. inland freight 内陆运费5. FOB Under Tackle FOB 吊钩下交货1. cost structure 费用结构2. cost of production 生产成本3.profit margin 利润率4. selling cost 销售费用1.liner transport 班轮运输2. sea waybill 海运提单3. shipper 托运人4. shipping marks 运输标志5. war risks 战争险6. natural calamity 自然灾害7.total loss 全损8. sue and labor expenses 施救费用1. promotion 促销2.international marketing 国内营销3.product differentiation 产品差异化4. sociocultural factors 社会文化因素5. market structure 市场结构1. financial instruments 金融工具2. crossing cheque 划线支票3. sight bill 即期票据4. commercial invoice 商业发票5. shipping documents 船运单据6. consular invoice 领事发票7. insurance policy 保单1.remitting bank 汇出行2. consignment 寄售3.D/P 即期付款交单4. D/A 承兑交单5. credit assessment 信用评估6. performance guarantee 履行合同保证金7. overdraft guarantee 账号透支保函1.export commodities fairs 出口商品交易会II. T ranslate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.国际商务international business 商业借贷commercial credit 双重征税double taxation 世贸组9.trade barrier贸易壁垒10.tariff关税11.export trade出口贸易12.letter of credit信用证13. transit trade过境贸易14.entrepot trade转口贸易15.certificate of origin原产地证书8.询盘enquiry 9. 还盘counter-offer 10.受盘人offered 11.发盘人offeror 12.虚盘offer without engagement 13. 实盘firm-offer6. 技术转让technological transfer7.内河航运inland water transportation8. 贸易协定trade agreement5.支付货币money of payment6. 硬货币hard 6. 市场细分market segmentation7.营销战略marketing strategy8. 消费者行为customer behavior9. 营销组合marketing mix 10.营销环境marketing environment 11. 目标市场target market12.营销研究market research currency 7.汇率exchange rate 8. 折扣discount9.期货/现货市场spot market9. 物权凭证document of title 10. 清洁提单clean bill of lading 11. 投保人policy-holder 12. 共同海损general average 13. 水渍险WPA ( with particular average)8. 价格术语term of price 9. 本票promissory note 10. 背书endorsement 11. 承兑人acceptor12. 受票人drawee 13. 商业单据commercial documents 14.提单bill of lading 15. 原产地证明certificate of origin 16.海关发票customs invoice10. 保兑行confirming bank 11. 议付行negotiating bank 12. 国际保理international factoring13. 银行保函bank guarantee 14. 光票托收clean collection 15规格、明细单specificationIII. Match the words and expressions on the left with theexpressions on the right(1) budget a. an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for theexclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area( 2) return b. money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at an agreed percentage of the sellingprice of the product(3) portfolio c a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process(4) royalty d. all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.(5) expertise e. the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits forpurposes other than controlling(6) licensor f. one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready foruse, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc(7) patent g. an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated period, usu. a year used asa guide in making financial arrangements(8) non-tariffh. the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment barrier(9) turnkey contract i. expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-how(10) franchise j. a person or company granting a licence1 g2 h 3e 4b 5i 6j 7c 8d 9f 10a1 affiliate a. the total annual income of a state2. assets b. distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area3. world company c. to bring under the control or ownership of a nation4.facilities d something that is put in business operation5. revenue e. well-being6. decentralize f. organization structure7.nationalize g. something designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service8. welfare h. a subsidiary company controlled by another9. framework i. a multinational whose national identity has been blurred10. input j. total resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.1h 2j 3i 4g 5a 6b 7c 8e 9f 10d1.service a. to restrict one's economic activities to certain particular fields2.abundant b. to develop the use of , make the best use of3.specialization c. something done to help or benefit others4. primary d. relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study5.incentive e. a natural gift or ability6. alternative f. that which incites, rouses or encourages a person7. intuitive g. producing a desired or satisfactory result; able to perform duties well8.efficient h. plentiful, more than enough9.endowment i. that may be had, used etc. in place of sth. else10.exploit j. those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials 1c 2h 3a 4j 5f 6i 7d 8g 9e 10b1. drawback a. to make prominent; to draw special attention2. highlight b. duties imposed on goods imported and exported3. bulky c. done by one side or party only4.perishable d. duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods5. tariff e. taking a lot of space, and often of shape difficult to handle6. specific duties f. money sent by postg. duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods7. ad valoremduties8. unilaterally h. easily to go bad9. maritime i. duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when reexported10.remittance j. connected with the sea or navigation1i 2a 3e 4h 5b 6g 7d 8c 9j 10f1. business line a. an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties2. voluntary offer b. the main body of a contract3. contract c. absolutely necessary4. indispensable d. an offer made on the initiative of the offerer5. contract proper e. the party to whom an offer is made6. contractingf. a contract made by the buyerparties7. force majeure g. signatories of an agreement8.purchase contract h. an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer9.firm offer i. social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party10. offeree j. goods dealt in by a company1j 2d 3a 4c 5b 6g 7i 8f 9h 10e21.insured a.a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy22.premium b, a person who carries on insurance as a business23.potential loss c. something given or received as an equivalent for loss24. viability d. a combination of funds formed for common advantage25. claim e. the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable value26.margin f. loss which is possible to incur27.underwriter g. the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract28.consumption h. a person covered by an insurance policy/doc/1dea664d69eae009581becf4.html pensation i. ability to succeed in operation30.pooling j. amount above what is estimated as necessary1h 2g 3f 4i 5a 6j 7b 8e 9c 10d21.purchasinga. to take what is needed from, to exploitpower22. assess b. purchasing power parity23.spur c. considerable desire to make purchase for consumption24.average d. a person or an organization etc. that receives something25. productive e. of person, the public, having the money to buy goods and services26. tap f. of an ordinary, common or usual kind in quality or amount27. infrastructure g. to urge or encourage28. recipient h. producing in high efficiency or in large quantity29. consumerism i. to judge an amount or value30. ppp j. large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc. needed to support economic activity, esp. industry, trade and commerce1e 2i 3g 4f 5h 6a 7j 8d 9c 10b21.debtor a. the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter22. default b. irregular movement of ( prices, exchange rates etc.)23.dubious c. the sending of money or the money sent24.draft d. financially satisfactory25. remittance e. an unconditional order to someone to paya sum of money26. fluctuation f. doubtful, uncertain, questionable27. drawer g. a person who owes money28. sound h. prohibit, forbid29. ban i. the person to whom a draft is drawn30. drawee j. fail to carry out an obligation1g 2j 3f 4e 5c 6b 7a 8d 9h 10i21. peg a. the stock of gold coin and bullion ( gold bars ) held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold standard22.redeem b, to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock23.settlement c. the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies24. exchange rate d. to keep fixed or unchanged25. fluctuations e. the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency26. gold reserves f. equal in value, on the same level27. money g. the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc.28. devaluation h. money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services29. offset i. upward and down ward movements in the economic system30. par j. to set one value against another or as equal to another1d 2b 3g 4e 5i 6a 7h 8c 9j 10f21.quota a. company expansion through the purchase of other business22.VER b. certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy-right23. acquisition c. a period of time during which tax is not levied24. synergy d. a way by which a place esp. property, can be reached or entered or used25. rebate e. the gain form an investment, either as income or yield or as profit in the sale of the investment26. intellectual property f. benefits from combining different businesses, normally claimed by the promoters of mergers27. tax holiday g. reduce28. return h. a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms29.access i. a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity30. joint venture j. an agreement by a country's exporters or government to limit their exports to another country 1i 2j 3a 4f 5g 6b 7c 8e 9d 10hIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.31.AQSIQ is abbreviation for The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局（简称国家质检总局）p29（卷一）32. international trade, also known as world trade or overseas trade, is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.P1733 Balance of trade indicates the balance between the export value and the import value in a given period.P20（卷四）34.Incoterms is abbreviation for International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 国际贸易术语解释通则P21（卷二）35. A packing list is a document made out by the seller stating the detailed content of each individual shipment.P33 (卷三）IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give thefull name of the abbreviation in English.31.positional bargaining is based on fixed, opposing viewpoints and tends to result in compromise or no agreement at all立场型谈判P46（卷一）32 Contract P65 A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation, which is a binding, legally enforceable agreement between two or more competent parties.33.offer with engagement P61 is the kind of offer, in which the offeror's intention of making a contract is definitely indicated, and under which the offeror cannot revoke or amend what he has offered during the validity of the offer.IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.FOB--- free on board (/doc/1dea664d69eae009581becf4.html d port of shipment)CIF---P83 cost, insurance and freight (/doc/1dea664d69eae009581becf4.html d port of destination) 成本加保险费加运费（指定目的港）CIP--- P89 carriage and insurance paid to (/doc/1dea664d69eae009581becf4.html d place of destination)运费，保险费付至IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.customs duties P112 are taxes imposed by a government on the import or export of products or services, whose cost factors must be taken into account by the exporter when he prices his products.（卷一）marginal cost P115 is the variable costs per unit of the production 边际成本，是增加一单位（output) 随即而产生的成本增加，其等于总成本的变化量除以对应产量的变化量。

2013自考试题及答案2013年的自考试题及答案涵盖了多个学科领域，由于自考的科目众多，这里我将提供一个通用的框架和一些示例题目，以帮助考生了解自考试题的类型和答题方法。

# 2013年自考试题及答案概述自考，即自学考试，是针对那些希望通过自学方式获取学历证书的人士的一种考试形式。

自考试题通常包括选择题、填空题、简答题、论述题等类型，旨在全面考察考生对某一学科知识的掌握程度。

# 示例科目：英语一、选择题（每题1分，共20分）1. The word "environment" has the same root as the word "envelope."A. TrueB. False二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The word "photograph" is derived from the Greek words for "light" and "____."三、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）阅读以下短文，并回答后面的问题。

[短文内容]1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the passage, what are the benefits of using solar energy?四、翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共10分）1. Translate the following sentence into Chinese: "The rapid development of technology has changed our lives in many ways."五、写作（20分）Write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Learning English" with at least 300 words.# 示例科目：数学一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The solution to the equation \( x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0 \) is:A. \( x = 2 \) and \( x = 3 \)B. \( x = -2 \) and \( x = -3 \)C. \( x = 2 \) and \( x = -3 \)D. \( x = 3 \) and \( x = -2 \)二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. The derivative of \( f(x) = x^3 + 2x^2 - 5x \) is \( f'(x) = ______ \).三、计算题（每题10分，共30分）1. Calculate the integral of \( \int (4x^2 - 3x + 2) dx \).四、证明题（每题15分，共30分）1. Prove that for any real number \( a \) and \( b \), thefollowing inequality holds: \( (a + b)^2 \leq 2(a^2 + b^2) \).五、解答题（10分）Explain the concept of limits in calculus and provide an example to illustrate it.# 答题技巧1. 仔细阅读题目：确保理解题目要求，避免答非所问。

2013年1月自考英语（一）真题及详解(课程代码00012)第一部分选择题I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point each)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

未涂、错涂或多涂均无分。

1. If you practice a lot, it will not be long _____ you can speak English fluently.A. sinceB. beforeC. afterD. when【答案】B【解析】句意：如果你经常练习，不久之后你就可以流利地说英语。

long before表示“很久之后”，it will not be long before为固定句型，表示“不久之后，用不了多久”，符合句意，因此选B项。

2. It is important that all applications _____ submitted before the deadline.A. must beB. will beC. might beD. should be【答案】D【解析】句意：重要的是，所有的申请都应该在截止日期之前提交。

本题考查虚拟语气。

It is important (necessary, essential, imperative, vital 等)+that引导的主语从句，谓语动词应该用虚拟语气的形式，即用should+动词原形，其中should可省。

因此选D 项。

3. I’ll make sure that he _____ down to his work soon.A. takesB. liesC. getsD. puts【答案】C【解析】句意：我将确保他会很快开始着手处理他的工作。

get down to do sth.表示“开始认真处理，对待”，为固定搭配，因此选C项。

全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题Ⅰ.Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Unlike cereals and other farm goods, which the Uruguay round aimed to bring within the GATT’s jurisdiction for the first time, oilseeds already fall within it.（）A. justificationB. authorityC. justiceD. announcement2.Speculators profited handsomely from the price fluctuation of the 1990s.（）A. stabilityB. flexibilityC. volatilityD. regulation3.In this project everybody does his own share of the work.（）A. participationB. portionC. promotionD. production4.The treaty stipulates a member’s obligations and benefits.（）A. privilegeB. dutyC. abilityD. action5. Facing the challenge of cheap American corn in the 1870s, Danish farmers developed a lucrative market exporting butter, eggs, and bacon to the UK.（）A. smoothB. profitableC. substantialD. sophisticated6.It is not a blueprint for how the single market will actually work.（）A. detailed planB. blue colorC. legal frameworkD. blue printer7.In this area, some foreign investors can enjoy tax breaks.（）A. intervalsB. preferential gapsC. restsD. preferential policies8.The foreign company locates an agent in Shanghai.（）A. situatesB. securesC. placesD. flourishes9.The store discounted all clothing for the sale.（）A. expanded on scaleB. extended to some degreeC. put to an endD. reduced in price10.Major suppliers to the Hong Kong egg market are making greater efforts to increase thecompetitiveness of their products.（）A. capability of competitionB. possibility of competitionC. probability of competitionD. competitor11.There is a rigid export quota in that country.（）A. flexibleB. stupidC. rapidD. stiff12.Foreign trade plays a major role in the Four Modernizations program.（）A. partB. ruleC. partnerD. roll13. Businessmen battled with bureaucracy in an effort to fulfill their hopes.（）A. turn outB. fill outC. carry outD. come out14.Some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy in the near future.（）A. directingB. proceedingC. indicatingD. foretelling15.There were no breakthroughs in the Uruguay Round ofGATT negotiations on key elements.（）A. achievementsB. failuresC. accommodationsD. sluggishnessⅡ.Translate the following phrases into Chinese:(10%)16.trade fairs and exhibitions17.preferential tax rate18.vested interests21.European integration22.bilateral pacts23.countervailing duty24.fledgling industries25.deinflationary policiesⅢ.Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.国际收支27.经济特区28.高技术29.证券投资30.自由市场31.贸易壁垒32.供应过剩33.对等价值34.经济衰退35.贸易制裁Ⅳ.Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)passage 1The company’s new formula was designed partly to keep Coke’s sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans, whoguzzle more soda than water, the rest of world is still in the sipping stage. Coca-Cola’s goal is to kick up its slowing growth rate outside the U.S. from about 3% a year to 10%. Company executives think a less filling, more “guzzleable” new Coke will help.Domestically, sales of soft drinks have been bubbling a long nicely. They grew 6% last year, vs. 2% to 3% a few years ago. But the cola makers may experience more growing pains, at least with the high-calorie colas that account for half of all sales (diet colas hold about 12%). Baby-boomers are showing a strong preference for healthier, less fattening drinks as they age-every-thing from diet soda to bottled water to fruit juice.36.What is the difference between “guzzle” and “ sip” in meaning?37.What doe s “less filling” mean?38.Could you tell the reason why there is a slow increase of high-calorie-cola sales?Passage 2Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. Its boom radiates from Guangdong, its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xingjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources. It is creeping inland, from Jiangsu to the cities of Congqing and Wu-han, where businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan are starting to spend billions of dollars to build factories. And it has penetrated the northeast, where the city of Shengyan, long a moribund center of state industry, is bustling with new private business, from trading companies to prostitution. Back in Beijing, officials at China’s state council, or cabinet, are giddy withexcite-ment-and exhaustion. “We don’t have people, we don’t have time,” says one. “Things are moving too fast.”economy early in the 21st century.39.What do the phrases “dynamic economy” and “the world’s dominant economy” mean?40.What is the meaning of “We don’t have people” in the underlined sentence?41.What are some Western experts predicting?Ⅴ.Read the following two passages and decide wheth er the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given:(20%)Passage 1In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia. Hungarian Foreign Minister Geza Jeszenszky told EC leaders that the “entirely unwarranted (move) smacks of a most regrettable survival of the notion of an Eastern bloc.”The EC followed with antidumping duties and “voluntary”export restraints on cert ain steel products from Hungary and Poland. And just days after signing the EFTA free trade agreement in early April, Austria introduced import quotas on chemicals, cement agricultural machinery, and steel from Eastern Europe. West Europeans claim that their eastern neighbors have an unfair advantage because of low wages, state subsidies and low environmental standards.Although the EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on most industrial goods over 10 years, most agricultural products are not included in the agreements. This is critical for Hungary, with its extensive farm sector.“The EC is never going to let Hungary achieve its potential output,” says Iowa David Andres, who has studied Hungarian agriculture firsthand ,” They’re already afraid of Hungary.”Statements:42. “In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat, and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth, disease in Croatia.” Here imposed a ban means shut out imports. ( )43. With the EC and EFTA agreements, there will hardly be any improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s agricultural products. ( )44.The EC and EFTA agreements will let Hungary achieve its agricultural potential output.45.There will be a lot of improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s products except agricultural products. ( )46.The EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on all the products over 10 years. ( ) Passage 2It is time to junk much conventional wisdom about the US economy. Until recently, most analysts assumed the recovery from recession would remain abnormally weak. And looking further ahead they assume that the US would continue to decline economically relative to other industrial countries, principally Japan and a more unified European Community.Both assumptions are now looking shaky. A clutch of much stronger than expected data suggests the US recovery is finally beginning to take off. Output per hour increased 2.7percent last year-the fastest productivity growth in 20 years.With productivity increases translating into impressive gains in corporate profits, US share prices are hitting record high andthe dollar is beginning to climb relative to other leading currencies. For internationally mobile capital, the attractions of the US economy are enhanced by worse than expected performance just about everywhere else. Growth throughout Europe is being held back by the strains imposed by German unification andencouraging inflation outlook for a generation. Consumer prices are expected to rise by only about 2.5% to 3% this year and next.Mr. Clinton, however, in his State of Union address on February 17, is expected to announce an economic stimulus worth about US $ 30 billion, or 0.5 percent of GDP. He will also announce longer term plans to tackle the familiar budget deficit, now running at about $ 300 billion but expected nearly to double within a decade because of runaway growth of spending on health care and other ‘entitlement’ programs.Statements:47.The conventional wisdom about the US economy assumed that the recovery would remain abnormally weak.( )48.The US economy recovery becomes more attractive for internationally mobile capital because the US recovery is abnormally strong.( )49.Both assumptions are now looking right.( )50.Mr. Clinton will make effort to slash the familiar budget deficit.( )51. The budget deficit of US is expected to be worse in the next ten years.( )Ⅵ.Translate the following passage into Chinese:(12%)The local Arabic press has given full coverage to the council’s debates and to a series of informal majlis discussionsheld weekly during Ramadan. In the latter, the issues of youth unemployment, drugs, the role of women and the size of the immigrant population were freely discussed. However, observers say Western-style democracy is not on the political agenda as the majlis system enjoys legitimacy and appears well-suited to the tribal traditions of Gulf society.全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题1. After the president’s speech, the stock pr ice slumped by10 percent yesterday.（）A. increasedB. droppedC. wavedD. showed2. Jack finally reached a bargain with the antique dealer over the vase.（）A. a sanctionB. an approachC. a traditionD. an agreement3. The following year, a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.（）A. draftedB. issuedC. broadcastD. proposed4. Sales forecasts are outside my province —you should discuss them with the manager.（）A. problemB. programC. fieldD. task5. These eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the consumer.（）A. an onlyB. a pleasantC. a desirableD. an unusual6. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,”says the Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line for retaliation.”（）A. revengeB. recoveryC. reflectionD. inflation7. We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world competition.（）A. instanceB. resistanceC. momentD. background8. If companies can’t get their products distributed nationwide, marketing them will be more expensive.（）A. spreadB. spentC. contributedD. attributed9. The real estate has increasingly become vulnerable to business setbacks and changes of economic climate.（）A. strongly resistant toB. gradually accustomed toC. more adapted toD. easily attacked by10. At five o’clock in the afternoon the city streets are a series of bottlenecks.（）A. bottling chambersB. narrow parts of bottlesC. bottlenosesD. traffic jams11.We had a dispute about how much money he owes me.（）A. disposeB. discountC. quarrelD. quota12. The bilateral surplus with America is also growing rapidly.（）A. one-edgedB. two-edgedC. one-sidedD. two-sided13. There were several rounds of negotiation before China entered WTO.（）A. mistakesB. sensesC. circlesD. sessions14. The economic crisis has seriously affected French exports.（）A. effectedB. reflectedA. influencedB. bargainedC. offendedD. balanced第二部分非选择题(共70分)II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.unfair trade17.exclusive contract18.per capita income19.long-term strategy20.GATT21.financial crisis22.trade representative23.physical market24.financial deregulation25.sovereignty disputeIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1In the past few days differences between the United States and the European Community on farm trade have narrowed almost to nothing. As a result the world is now close to concluding the Uruguay round of GATT talks. That deal is admittedly far from perfect, a series of messy compromises. The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight. Never mind. On a conservative estimate the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere and extend competition to hitherto sheltered, and therefore backward, parts of all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement.36.Why does the passage say that the Uruguay round is close to conclusion?37.What do “far from” and “sheltered” mean?38.How can the Uruguay round be described by a non-conservative estimate?Passage 2Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all But counter trade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yoffie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use counter trade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.”39.What are the advantage and disadvantage of barter?40.What does “global firms” refer to?41.Why do countries with strong foreign exchange positionneed counter trade?V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1Holst and Company, a member of the Northwest Holst Group, has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. It claims to be the first UK construction company to do this. The three-month trial period is being conducted with the approval of the overwhelming majority of the head offices. All 150 employees must be at their job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, less a one-our lunch break. They may choose arrival and departure times from 8 to 10 am and 4 to 6 pm. 150 hours have to be put in over each four week period. Credit or debit time of up to 7 and 1/2 hours may be carried forward to the next four-week period. Hengstler Flextime recording equipment is being used for the trial. The managing director of Holst, Mr Colin Cashmore, commented, “This is an exercise in responsibility. We regard our staff as very responsible people and it is only on this basis that the flexible working hours system can succeed.”He emphasized that if after the trial a majority of the staff was opposed to the system, it would not be continued. If, on the other hand, it proved successful, the company would consider extending Flextime to its other offices throughout the country.Statements:42. The Northwest Holst Group has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. （）43. Every employee must be at his or her job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, including a one-hour lunchbreak.（）44. All 150 employees are free to choose their arrival and departure times during the day.（）45. If all the staff of Holst and Company were not responsible, the flexible working hours system could not succeed.（）46. Holst and Company has decided to carry out the flexible working hours system even if the majority of the staff is opposed to it.（）Passage 2Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. The optimists have predicted that the powerhouse economy is suffering only a temporary slowdown. Yet virtually every key indicator continues to deteriorate. The much-vaunted “soft landing”is cleaning not in the cards. Recovery is further away than many people imagine, and it will be slow and erratic when it does come.Alarmed at the rapid asset-price inflation of the mid-1980s, bureaucrats intervened to head off a crash.Japan dipped decidedly into recession as GDP fell 0.2％in the second quarter of 1992, 0.4% in the third and 0.3% in the fourth. Industrial output shrank 6.1% last year. Now we’re starting to see bankruptcies by industrial and service companies. The recession is no longer confined to the bubble economy-it has entered the real economy.Japanese companies do have an impressive track record of responding to crisis situations. They rebounded very quickly from the oil-price shock in 1973 and more recently offset the rising Yen by boosting productivity and shifting operations overseas.This time around, however, they face a much harder andlonger road to recovery. Recession is going to be very difficult for Japan.The restructuring trend may itself exacerbate the problem. To try to shore up faltering profits, companies will slash capital investment and employee benefits. This in turn will further damage consumer confidence. Around 20% of Japan’s GNP comes from business investment, with a whopping 60% from consumer spending.Consumer confidence has also been hurt by layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses. For a long time there have been more new job offers than there were seekers, but this has fallen recently. For most Japanese this is an extraordinary occurrence.Statements:47. Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. Here“the most wrenching adjustment”means“the most painless adjustment”.（）48. As GNP fell successively and there are bankruptcies in some companies, we can say for certain that the economy is undoubtedly in recession.（）49. Japanese industries were known to be remarkably flexible in adjusting to economic crisis. This time it’s going to be very difficult for them to emerge from recession. （）50. Consumer c onfidence is vitally important to Japan’s economy, because employee benefits were slashed.（）51. The recent occurrence of layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses is quite unusual to most Japanese, as fora long time there have been more job offers than seekers. （）VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题I. Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Farmers bartered rice for machinery.A. exportedB. importedC. exchangedD. charged2. Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.A. procedureB. stimulusC. potentialD. section3. For China’s newly-rising enterprises, profits are up throughout the region — thanks largely to low wages.A. productsB. salesC. bonusesD. returns4. The workers demanded the same wage and the same treatment! There must be no discrimination.A. distributionB. prejudiceC. agreementD. performance5. Victims of the world’s largest industrial accident got $470 million compensation.A. conversationB. paymentC. preparationD. competition6. South Korea needs only some degree of sweat and some degree of technological sophistication.A. effortB. waterC. feverD. sweet7. Experts predict that the stock market will remain buoyant.A. buyingB. risingC. decliningD. descending8. International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991.A. betteredB. determinedC. worsenedD. damaged9. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.A. pointB. pressureC. pullD. priority10. Measures to reduce costs are beginning to take effect.A. affect all sidesB. produce desired resultsC. impact costD. have influence11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment.A. spreadB. spoilC. stimulateD. spill12. I wanted to go out, but I had no money. I had no alternative but to stay at home.A. alternateB. chooseC. alertD. choice13. A key element of his economic program is the promotion of free trade and investment.A. encouragementB. protectionC. excitementD. innovation14. Speculators deserted the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.A. stockB. assetC. equalityD. salesC. localD. abroadII. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.most-favored nation treatment17.trade surplus18.hard currency19.merger of banks20.liquid assets21.a hermit nation22.trade negotiation23.at a rough estimate24.Chinese Export Commodities Fair25.foreign exchange reservesIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.独家经销合同27.经常项目28.清算协议29.人均收入30.无壁垒市场31.双重税32.房地产33.试销34.知识产权35.商业周期IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of itsbamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.For foreign investors, the prospect of having access to a market of 1.3 billion consumers no longer seems like a pipedream. The Chinese－in particular the rural population－are getting richer and now want visible improvements to their standard of living: they aspire to own colour TV sets, refrigerators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing. Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.36.Please paraphrase “has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain” in Line 1.37.What is implied by using the word “better”? Does it refer merely to the quality of goods here or something more?38.What do “having access to” and “sales” mean?Passage 2Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets－an approach to trade policy that supporters call “result-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead toa trans-Pacific confrontation.39.Please give a synonym to the expression “give in” and explain the meaning of “draw the line”.40.What would Japan do in the past when foreign countriesput pressure on its international trade policy?41.Plea se paraphrase the underlined sentence “No longer, it seems”.V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1China is now reaching for the next rung on the economic ladder. Last fall Beijing agreed to open its markets to more U.S. goods, including everything from Polaroid film to automobiles. In return, Washington would support China’s membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Membership in this club, which includes all the world’s leading economies, could provide a huge boost for a low-wage export economy. Already though, China’s commercial strength is starting to worry competitors. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics. Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most -favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line f or retaliation.”Statements:42. China’s trade surplus, mainly from exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, decreased last year.43. The strategy of opening markets to more U.S. goods is adopted by Chinese leaders in the hope of obtainingWashi ngton’s support in winning back China’s membership in GATT.44. China became the country which held the largest trade surplus with the U.S. last year.45. In the past, the trade imbalance was regarded as the more important source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China than human rights.46. Officials in Beijing attach much importance to the trade surplus.Passage 2Nike is the world’s largest supplier of athletic footwear and among the most successful consumer-products companies to have emerged in the past 20 years. Part of that success has come about by paying rock-bottom wages to the workers who make the shoes. All but 1% of the 90 million shoes Nike makes each year are manufactured in Asia.Nike is as American as Coca-cola. Part of its appeal to the millions of people around the world who buy its athletic shoes is that Nike is selling a sense of freedom. “Just do it!” exult Nike’s advertisements.But there is a rough side to this dream: the ruthlessness with which Nike pares its costs. The company is forfactories; 20 have closed in the past five years or so and another 35 have opened.Nike may look like an all-American enterprise, but its success relies on its ability to harness Asia’s spectacular manufacturing expertise. “We’re always looking fo r new manufacturing sources,”says Nike’s vice-president for production. “People ask why we don’t produce more in Eastern Europe, but we’ve concluded that the most capable manufacturers are in Asia.”The organization of Nike is simple and effective. All the production risk is taken by contractors. “We don’t know the first thing about manufacturing,” says Nike’s vice-president for Asia-Pacific. “We are marketers and designers.”There are the areas on which it concentrates its resources. Yet it retains the advantages of firms which produce in-house, namely a high degree of control over quality and the ability to respond rapidly to changing tastes.Until recently, almost all Nike’s shoes were made in South Korea and Taiwan, but as labor costs there have soared, the firm’s contractors in these two areas have moved much of their production to cheaper sites in Indonesia and Thailand.Statements:47. The most important ingredient of Nike’s success is giving people a sense of freedom.48. The quantity of shoes Nike manufactures in Asia each year is about 90 million.49. As all the production risk is taken by contractors, Nike’s main concentration is on marketing and designing.50.Nike prefers to produce in Asia rather than in Eastern Europe because they think the Asian market is bigger than Eastern Europe’s.51. To keep costs low, Nike’s most important strategy is to produce in countries where labor costs are still low.VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)52.In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, produced an “Earth Charter,” or declaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect to environment and development; agreements on specific legal。

英语经贸知识(课程代码0834)本试卷共6页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

请将全部答案填写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。

Part I (15%)Directions: Match the given words and expressions with the explanations that follow. Write the corresponding letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1. veto2. service3. patent4. carriage5. consumerism6. tariff7. budget8. debtor9. world company10. recipient11. confirming bank12. banknote13. bilateral14. endowment15. contracta. a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or processb. the price or cost of transportationc. right to reject or forbid somethingd. considerable desire to make purchase for consumptione. duties imposed on goods imported and exportedf. something done to help or benefit othersg. an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangementsh. a multinational whose national identity has been blurredi. the bank that adds its own commitment to an UC英语经贸知识试卷第1页(共6页)j. a person who owes moneyk. a person or an organization etc. that receives something1. an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant partiesm. printed paper money issued by a bank, usu. the country's central bankn. a natural gift or abilityo. of two sidesPart II Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following article about waste management. For each blank are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the article. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Waste ManagementIt has come to the board's notice that the company wastes far too 16 paper in its officesand that not 17 is being done to address 18 situation. Therefore, the company has recently drawn up a formal waste management policy for 19 offices in the group. In the future, 20 Head of Department will be asked to write a brief waste management report 21 month. The report will include 22 detailed information about the previous month's progress and proposed targets for this following month. The report will also give 23 information about current practices for the collection and separation of waste. 24 expenditure that arisesfrom 25 reports will be charged to each department's Health & Safety budget. We would like to thank you for your cooperation in this matter.16. A. many B. much C. plenty D. some17. A. all B. any C. enough D. some18. A. that B. this C. these D. a19. A. all B. each C. any D. those20. A. a B. each C. all D. the21. A. any B. all C. every D. that22. A. much B. enough C. both D. plenty23. A. some B. much C. several D. all24. A. An B. Any C. This D. That25. A. these B. those C. them D. muchPart III Reading comprehension (12%)Directions: Read the following article about an image consultant who advises people on how to present themselves in the world of work, and the 6 questions that follow. Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D. Write ONE letter A, B, C, or D on your Answer Sheet.How to Market YourselfWe manage our own careers now. So knowing how to brand and position yourself in the market as 'Me plc' at different stages of your working life is becoming an increasingly vital skill.英语经贸知识试卷第2页(共6页)At least that is what image expert Mary Spillane believes. 'Employment as we know it is decreasing. Jobs don't exist, work exists. In the next decade most of us will be suppliers, not staff. We will have clients not bosses. If you are under 30, you probably know that there is only one firm to join for life: Me plc. It promotes you and your potential to others.''We're working in multi-national, multi-cultural, mufti-corporate teams and it's important to understand the implications of this. We need to create a personal brand that is unique, but complements the brand of the corporation we are working for. You have to find a way to do it so that you are not just a typical employee,' advises Spillane. `You have to decide what central values you want to project, and also what may need to alter from situation to situation.' Many people only remember Mary Spillane for the years she spent running a cosmetics company, but she actually has master's degrees in information science and politics. She used to hide that hard-hitting side, but is now eager to show it and forget about cosmetics. 'Now that I'm working in the boardrooms of major plcs and global companies, I'm playing up my degrees and management background so that the image side is seen only as an addition to the value side,' says Spillane.Some contracts take longer than others. 'The City law firms I'm currently working for are really difficult because they don't have any idea of what their brand should be, and are still very traditional even when talking about becoming modern. I'm showing them how to do everything from changing their reception areas --- which tend to be very off-putting with their high-fronted reception desks --- to how to make small talk that is less formal and rigid. Companies rebrand themselves all the time, spending millions on new office interiors and so on. But without an underlying change of attitudes, it can prove an empty exercise.'She argues that for individuals too, there must be more than a surface change, as rebranding goes deeper than a mere change of wardrobe. Beyond advice on appearance, she tells clients,`Remind, yourself of what you are selling: the personal values that comprise your brand. Learn to present yourself in a way that will project what you want to deliver. Lifelong learning is essential, together with the sort of discovery and adventure that promote personal growth. Always have an up-to-the-minute CV ready to print out, refreshing it every few months with your most recent achievements, just to remind others of your brand value.'She believes it is essential that you understand both your public self and your private self, as well as your blind spots and your potential, in order to create an effective brand. 'The public self is the image you project to the world, the private self is what you know about yourself but others don't, and blind spots are those things that others see about you but you can't see for yourself. By deciding what image you want other people to see, emphasizing more of your private self and sorting out a few blind spots, you will increase not only your potential to influence others, but also your self-esteem and self-confidence.'英语经贸知识试卷第3页(共6页)26.In the first paragraph, Mary Spillane says people should learn how to market themselves becauseA. it encourages companies to give them a job for lifeB. in the future it will be a company requirementC. in many careers it is becoming difficult to succeedD. it will help them adapt to developments in the job market27.Spillane says that, when creating a personal brand, it is important toA. change things depending on the circumstancesB. decide what image people would like you to presentC. make sure that colleagues feel at ease with your imageD. follow the example of someone in the company you work for28.What do we learn about Spillane in the third paragraph?A. She is embarrassed about her career with a cosmetics companyB. She doesn't like talking about her academic backgroundC. She has qualifications many people are unaware ofD. She worries about how other people see her29. Which problem does Spillane refer to when talking about the companies she is presently working with?A. They find it difficult to accept her ideas.B. They are unaware of how to rebrand themselves.C. They don't want to spend large amounts of money.D. They are unwilling to modernize their work environment.30. When advising people on rebranding themselves, Spillane tells them toA. attend courses to gain specialist skillsB. update regularly their written proof of what they can doC. ' try out different ways of presenting themselves to othersD. remember that what they look like is the most important point31. Spillane says that, in order to rebrand yourself successfully, it is important toA. ask for other people's opinions about your imageB. feel confident about what you arc trying to achieveC. learn how to make use of all aspects of your characterD. model yourself on people with a certain amount of influencePart IV Translation (20%)Section A Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese. (10%)32. gain and loss33. quota英语经贸知识试卷第4页(共6页)34. agreement between labor and management35. foreign currency36. already-issued bond37. indirect trade38. account of cash39. loan40. breach of contract41. joint ventureSection B Translate the following terms into English. (10%)42.拍卖43.卡特尔44.广告战45.基本法46.航空运输47.银行危机48.年度预算49.折扣50.加工贸易51.出口量Part V (10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word (Some words are given the first letter or letters). Write the whole word in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.International BusinessOne of the fastest growing areas of interest within the College of Business and Public Administration is the major in International Business. The business arena in which the College's graduates will be working is (52) n longer local, regional or national in nature. It is (53)glo and requires an understanding of, and sensitivity to, different cultures and business (54) env . This major permits students to develop a somewhat personalized course of study in international business. Besides international business courses, the (55) stu are able to focus on a particular region of the world. These regions are Europe, East Asia and Latin America, and the particular regional emphasis carried with it a series of geography, history and political science courses which relate to that particular region as (56) w as to the global (57) com . The major also carries a requirement of competency in a (58) flanguage spoken in the region of chosen emphasis. Students choosing this major also have many英语经贸知识试卷第5页(共6页)interesting study abroad opportunities which they are expected to participate (59) for a summer, a semester or even a year. It is also possible for students selecting this major to minor in a functional (60) speci in business to enhance their attractiveness to potential employers. This is an exciting and challenging major (61) w offers students excellent career opportunities.Part VI Translate the following sentences into English. (16%)62.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。

浙江1月自学考试《经贸英语》历年真题篇1：浙江1月自学考试《经贸英语》历年真题篇3：浙江1月自学考试《经贸英语》历年真题篇4：浙江1月自学考试《建筑结构试验》历年真题B.对于平板型直线感应电机，定子演化成电机的次级，转子演化为初级C.直线电机的行波磁场速度与电源频率成反比D.直线电机的行波磁场速度与电机极距成反比非选择题部分留意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

二、填空题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)21.直流测速发电机在工作转速范围内，输出电压与抱负输出电压之差对最大抱负输出电压之比，称为直流测速发电机的_______参数。

22.直流测速发电机中，电刷两端的电流具有_______特性。

23.直流电动机中，导体受力与通过的电流成_______比。

24.直流电动机的启动电流计算公式为_______。

25.直流电动机的发电制动状态，电磁转矩方向与转速方向_______。

26.脉冲变压器是主要用于驱动_______的常用元件之一。

27.变压器中铁芯的功能是_______。

28.掌握式自整角机是将_______转换为电信号的检测元件。

29.正余弦旋转变压器中定子绕组分为励磁绕组和_______绕组。

30.感应同步器是一种用于_______的机电元件。

31.沟通伺服电动机定心铁芯中两个绕组空间上互成_______角。

32.沟通伺服电动机的实际转速与同步转速之差称为_______。

33.沟通测速发电机中安放励磁绕组和_______绕组。

34.表征沟通测速发电机性能的主要技术指标有线性误差，_______等。

35.永磁同步电动机不能自行启动的主要缘由是定、转子之间转速差过大和_______。

36.只要负载转矩满意要求，反应式同步电动机的转速就等于_______。

37.直流无刷电动机利用电子开关线路和_______来替代沟通电机的电刷和换向器。

38.步进电机的每相绕组通电挨次由_______供应。

浙江1月自学考试《经贸英语》历年真题考前须知：1。

2。

I.Multiple1，丈夫被认为“模范丈夫”。

A.forB.asC.intoD.of2.In许多司法管辖区这一权利可以得到金钱赔偿缺乏以弥补一方当事人。

A.当B.whose的C.whereD.what3，公司贸易与南非于1980年。

A.initialB.initiationC.initiatedD.initiate4.In然而，最近的情况下，这类合同通常是regarded仅仅是可撤销的。

A.asB.to，为了D.like的5，合同可以肯定，那人实现全年龄。

A.onB.FORC.atD.in6。

电视剧的成功给予极高的评价。

A.ledB.ensuredC.lostD.destroyed7，制造商不会采取误操作带来的损坏。

A.dutyB.responsibilityC.reliabilityD.reputation8，老板等的不耐烦了，员工总是答复他的quesitons 。

A.carelesslyB.freelyC.bravelyD.cautiously9.Under ，她不得不接受这份工作。

A.rulesB.circumstancesC.oasionD.convention10，公司其客户每半年一个新的目录。

A.formulatesB.requiresC.forwardsD.dispatch11，货物的包装必须根据买方或买方不会使的A.instructions B.orderC.inspirationD.construction12。

我们已经降低了的数量 800 400公斤。

A.atB.从C.只，D.to的，从13.For交易，出口商坚持 L / C付款A.forB.onC.atD.in14.what sum shall we open the letter of credit?A.ToB.AtC.UnderD.For15.They must find new markets their modities.A.forB.withC.ofD.through16.We agreed more specific payment terms.A.onB.inC.toD.at17.Extra expenses are to be borne me.A.throughB.withC.byD.for18.The consignment is delivered all the charges paid.A.inB.byC.withD.through19.Owing unusual shortage of stock, this offer is made subject to the goods being unsold.A.forB.atC.toD.with20.There are trade exhibitions going on all over China this time of the year.A.atB.fromC.inD.forII.Reading Comprehension (20%)(选出符合题目要求的选项并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。