南京邮电大学通达学院 2011/2012学年第一学期《专业英语（自学）》期末大作业
专业班级学号姓名
Writing（100分）
You will find several topics in the following lists. Please choose one of them and write a short paper to explain your own opinion.
Requirements:
(1) Name the paper by yourself;
(2) Your own opinion should be clearly put forward.
(3)Try to find some articles via the internet or journals as references.
(4) More than 1200 words.
Topics:
0．“People often complain that products are not made to last. They feel that making products that wear out fairly quickly wastes both natural and human resources. What they fail to see, however, is that such manufacturing practices keep costs down for the co nsumer and stimulate demand.”Which do you find more compelling: the complaint about products that do not last or the response to it? Explain your position using relevant reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.
1．“Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that their products are safe. If a product injures someone, for whatever reason, the manufacturer should be held legally and financially accountable for the injury.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
2．Analysis of Issue Questions: “Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated. Interviews with employees of not-for-profit organizations suggest that the reason for
their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to improve society. Because they believe in the importance of their work, they have personal reasons to perform well, even when no financial reward is present. Thus, if our corporation began donating a significant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes, our employees’ motivation and productivity would increase substantially and our overall pr ofits would increase as well.”What do you think about this point?Explain why?
3．“All companies should invest heavily in advertising because high-quality advertising can sell almost any product or service.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
4．Analysis of Issue Questions: “Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees’ health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees’permission.” Which opinion do you prefer? Explain why?
5．Analysis of Issue Questions: “Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things done.” Which opinion do you prefer? Explain why?
6．“Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater valu e on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
7．“When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely solely on objective information, such as a candidate’s résumé and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on w hich to judge a person’s qualifications for a job.” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
8．“Most people today pl ace too much emphasis on satisfying their immediate desires. The overall quality of life would be greatly improved if we all focused instead on meeting our
long-term needs.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
9．Analysis of Issue Questions: “If the primary duty and concern of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society.” Which opinion do you prefer? Explain why?
自拟题目
注意！！！
1．学号尾数与应选题目题号之间的关系如下表
正文不少于1200个单词(字数没有达到要求，最终成绩不能高于80分)。
2．A4纸单面打印，题目（居中，四号字，黑体），正文部分（小四号，Time New Rome），每份试卷装订左上角，以免丢失。
3．2011年10月21日中午之前将打印稿（包括前两页）交给班长，班长按照学号排列整理齐后联系我上交。
4．各位同学需同时将电子版发给班长，电子版文件命名规则如下：08000101张三平时作业、08000101张三期末作业。最后由班长统一汇总email给我，全班分成平时作业、期末作业两个压缩包，发到：zzzhangshuang@https://www.doczj.com/doc/825779004.html,
红字部分阅读完后全部删掉，从第3本页开始正文写作，首先根据你对题设所阐述观点的理解，自拟题目。
下面的范文中有很多错误，请找出形容词与副词的混淆、冠词的遗漏和误用、介词和代词的误用等错误，并检查句子的完整性、单词拼写、主谓的一致性、动词和现在分词是否混淆、复数形式、动词的时态、词汇选择、词性、单词的顺序等问题。 (几乎每个句子都有错误) An university education is a goal of many high school students. Some students want to go into a profession that requires an university degree. But there are other professions that do not require a degree, but require certification from a technological college. The reasons why students make decisions to go to technical college instead of university probably have a lot to do with their choice of career, their own academic abilities and their financial situation. First of all, students make their choices for post-secondary education based on the fields that interest them. A student who is interested in medicine might decide to university, into a pre-med program to prepare to become a doctor, or they might go to nursing school or a nursing program in a technical college. Some career choices offer a choice of educational route. The university route is usually more intense and takes longer. For example, an interior designer might take a one or two year program at a college, or choose to do the degree program as a part of the architectural department at a university. Other career choices involve certification that is available at a college, like broadcast journal or
浅谈中国菜名的翻译 我国悠久的历史和广袤的国土孕育了中国独特的烹饪艺术和丰富的饮食文化。我们国家也以几千年的饮食文化文明于世。随着我国经济飞速发展，与国外交流日益增多，餐饮业也面临着走向世界的机遇和挑战。中国菜名是汉语语汇中承载中国文化最多的语汇之一, 不仅承载着几千年来的中国饮食文化, 还承载着大量的非饮食文化, 如神话、民俗、历史、文学、宗教信仰等等, 在菜名所传达的表层语义背后有着更为深厚复杂的多元文化元素。同时由于饮食与文化的密切联系，这些都大大增大了翻译的难度。 1.首先我们来看一下一些我们常见的错误翻译 长期以来，菜名的翻译没有统一的标准，加上译者水平有限和地域差异，并不了解菜式的内涵，致使很多菜名的翻译让人感到不知所云。比如口水鸡slobbering chicken、童子鸡chicken without sexual life、夫妻肺片the couple’s lung 等，这翻译让外国人看了都吓跑了，哪里还有食欲吃饭呢？再如东坡肉poet Dongpo’s braised pork，东坡肉是用蒸的方法做出来的，所以这里应该为Poet Dongpo’s steamed pork 而不是用braised；“鱼香肉丝”较常见的有两种译法，另外也有人译为shredded pork with garlic sauce，前者译法为直译，后者加了简单的解释，虽然看似简单易懂，很直观，但是译者没有弄清楚此菜的配料，川菜口味浓重，很多菜肴的配料都是少不了“川菜之魂”郫县豆瓣酱，鱼香肉丝正是用到此配料，是不用所谓的大蒜酱，所以后者翻译存在误的地方；水煮鱼，也是川菜中的代表作，又麻又辣，有译者翻译为tender stewed fish，这个译法不够全面，应该在后面加上in chili sauce；夫妻肺片译为pork lungs in chili sauce，这个译法的译者应该不明白此菜的来历和主料，夫妻肺片根本不是用猪肺做成的，而且和肺一点都不沾边，此菜的主料都是用牛内脏，所以这个译发讲不通。对于以上的翻译错误我们不能只是一笑而过，我们应该感受到菜名翻译的难度，从而思考怎样才能更好的翻译来达到最佳的效果。
全国农业推广硕士专业英语作业题 Part One Vocabulary and Structure Fill in the balnks with words or expressions chosen from the following list. Change the form where necessary. speculate specify commitment despite desirable access contribution adolescent banish inhabitant identify frustration impact sanction impressive hit upon switch correspond to obligation various 1、The U.N would impose economic against the offending nations or government. 2、The boys and girls are fond of behaving differently from seniors. 3、I a satisfactory explanation. 4、Man on the origin of the universe since the beginning og the human history. 5、You can from your mind the idea of holding a party during
the examination week. 6、The company that we would have one subject to another. 7、The American Congree the British Parliament. 8、We are trying to find some people who have a real sense of to the job. 9、the sandstorm, the Johnsons drove to the xilla to celebrate their 25th anniversary of marriage. 10、You are under no to pay for goods which you did not order. 11、Men still hold the vast majority of the least- or modt-dangerous jobs, such as loggers and miners. 12、He doesn’t expect to see changes overnight. 13、Students must have to good books.
1.The two most common specialized fields of accounting in practice are( ) A.forensic accounting and financial accounting B.managerial accounting and financial accounting C.managerial accounting and environmental accounting D.financial accounting and tax accounting systems 【参考答案】: B 2.Cash equivalents（） A.are illegal in some company B.will be converted to cash within two years C.will be converted to cash within 90 days D.will be converted to cash within 120 days 【参考答案】: C 3.Which statement below is not a reason for a corporation to buy back its own stock ( ) A.resale to employees B.bonus to employees C.for supporting the market price of the stock D.to increase the shares outstanding 【参考答案】: D 4.Which statement below is not a reason for a corporation to buy back its own stock. A.resale to employees B.bonus to employees C.for supporting the market price of the stock D.to increase the shares outstanding 【参考答案】: D
电大资源网《人文英语（2）》形成性考核册参考资料 《人文英语（2）》是国家开放大学 2017 年春季新开的课程之一，对国家开放大学的文科专业学生进行统一考试。该资料对学生完成学习任务起着一定的辅助作用。电大资源网还有国家开放大学其他课程的参考资料，可以参考。 注：本科目已按字母排版整理成期末考试小抄 作业 1 一、交际用语（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1-5 题：选择正确的语句完成下列对话，并将答案序号写在题前括号内。 1.-Would you like me to help you make a plan for the summer vacation? B - . A.No, I already have my plans. B.I’d love to, but I’m busy today. C.I’m ill, so I shouldn’t go out. 2.-Can I take your order, madam? A - . A.Yes. I’d like an Italian soup to start with. B.Yes, it’s as quiet as we expected. C.No, the price’s reasonable. 3.-What are you going to do in the 2022 Winter Olympics? B - . A.Yes, I have been there. B.I’m going to be a volunteer. C.I am traveling abroad. 4.-I’d like to invite you to my birthday party on Saturday evening. A - . A.Thank you for your invitation. B.I don’t want to join your party. C.I did not go to the party that night. 5.-Do you think you are the suitable person for this position? C - . A.I’m not sure if I will be here for the task. B.I don’t think Xiao Ming is the right person to count on. C.Yes. I’m hard working and I think I am suitable for this position. 二、选择填空（每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 6-20 题：阅读下面的句子，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并将答案序号写在题前括号内。 6.I think I am C for this position. https://www.doczj.com/doc/825779004.html,plete B. confident C. competent 7. A successful cover letter will make a great B. A.progress B. impression C. contribution 8.Will the AIDS patients benefit A the new drug? A.from B. by C. of 9.You can B some bottles of wine, or some chocolates, or a bunch of flowers. A. bring up B. bring along C. bring down 10.I’m A because there are so many options. I can’t make a decision. A.puzzled B. excited C. depressed 11.If there is any change about the time of the meeting, please notify us C. A.in time B. on time C. in advance 12.There must be something wrong with my computer，C there? A.mustn’t B. needn’t C. isn’t
桂林理工大学土木与建筑工程学院 土木工程专业英语外文翻译，中文翻译 姓名：马凤志 专业：土木应用 班级：10级9班 学号：3100510939
原文
中文翻译 The Influence of Concrete Compaction on the Strength of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes 压实混凝土对混凝土强度的影响 Lin-Hai Han School of Civil Engineering, Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Haihe Road 202, PO Box 689, Harbin 150090, P.R. China 韩林海，哈尔滨建筑大学，土木与建筑工程学院，海河路202号，邮政信箱，689，哈尔滨，150090 中国 ABSTRACT: Tests on twenty-one concrete filled steel tubes to investigate the influence of compaction methods on the strength of concrete filled steel tubular members are reported. 摘要：测试二十一钢管混凝土试验，研究了钢管对混凝土构件强度压实方法的影响报告。 Two parameters were investigated, including slenderness ratio and load eccentricity. 对两个参数进行研究，包括长细比和荷载偏心。 It was found that better compaction of concrete resulted in higher values of the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel
1、A VPN is physically public but virtually private 2、Set is a secure protocol jointly designed by Mastercard and Visa with the backing of Microsoft, Netscape, IBM, GTE, SAIC, and other companies. 3、 The physical components of a computer are collectively called hardware 4、The term payment card refers to Credit card 、Charge card 5、The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,are being developed and perfected now. 6、In the future, we may eliminate the needs for physical money.Indeed ,we would exchange digital cash For goods and services. 7、The basic input device on a small computer is a keyboard 8、You must have seen her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks. 9、The ability to store knowledge makes computers different from every other machine ever invented. 10、The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,are being developed and perfected now. 11、DigiCash or E-cash is an electronic payment system developed by Dr.David Chaum, who is widely regarded as an inventor of digital cash. 12、Transaction changed to your telephone bill are called E-charge payments 13、Smart cards are cards that look like credit cards, but store information on a microprocessor chip instead of magnetic strips. 14、https://www.doczj.com/doc/825779004.html, is a free service that earns a profit on the transaction cost, which is money that is deposited in PayPal accounts 15、This ticket entitles you to a free meal in our new restaurant 16、Program that can destroy another computer’s programs are called viruses 17、Data and program instructions are stored in storage 18、Electronic wallets that store digital certificates are particularyly handy when you shop at a site that requests user authentication information. 19、The percentage of times an ad is clicked on based on the number of times it’s viewed is called CTR 20、The purpose of input device is to enter commands .、to input data
计算机专业英语作业答案（供参考） 计算机专业英语作业1 第1－3章作业一．( 词汇) (一)．(写出下列词组的汉语。) 1．（）中央处理器 2 标题栏 3．操作系统4．个人计算机 5．菜单栏6．桌面排版 7．电子表格8．硬盘 9．数据库10．光标 (二)．.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) 1．随机存储器2．只读存储器 3．传输控制协议P 4．数字视频光盘5．通用串行总线6．计算机辅助设计7．计算机辅助制造8．中央处理器 (三)．.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。) 1．键盘2．鼠标3．扫描仪 4．打印机5．输入6．输出 7．显示器8．存储器9．数据库 10．操作系统11．应用软件 12．字处理器13．网络浏览器 二．(T) (F).(判断正误。) 1．, . (√)
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Analog computers are analog devices. That is, they have continuous states rather than discrete numbered states. An analog computer can represent fractional or irrational values exactly, with no round-off. Analog computers are almost never used outside of experimental settings. 模拟计算机是模拟设备。也就是说，他们是连续状态而不是离散的有限状态。一个模拟计算机可以精确代表小数或无理数，没有舍入。模拟计算机几乎从不被使用在实验设置以外。 A processor typically contains an arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), control unit( including processor flags, flag register, or status register), internal buses, and sometimes special function units( the most common special function unit being a floating point unit for floating point arithmetic). 一个处理器通常包含一个算术/逻辑单元（运算器），控制单元(包括处理器标志，标志寄存器，或状态寄存器)，内部总线，有时特殊功能单元(最常见的特殊功能单元作为一个浮点单元用于浮点运算)。 CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. Mainframe computers and minicomputers were CISC processors, with manufacturers competing to offer the most useful instruction sets. Many of the first two generations of microprocessors were also CISC. CISC代表复杂指令集计算机。大型计算机和小型计算机是CISC处理器，与制造商竞争提供最有用的指令集。微处理器的前两代中许多也是CISC。 Lesson 2 Supercomputer is a broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense mounts of mathematical calculations (number crunching). 超级计算机是一个广泛的术语，因为它是目前可用的最快的计算机之一。超级计算机是非常昂贵的，并且它被用于需要大量的数学计算（数字运算）的专门应用。 It is a midsize computer. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstation. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting up to 200 users simultaneously. 它是一个中型计算机。在过去的十年中，大的小型机和小的大型机之间的区别已经模糊，然而，有小的小型机和工作站之间的区别。但在一般情况下，一个小型机是一个能够同时支持多达200个用户的多处理系统。 Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, a large amount of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have a mass storage device such as disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive. 工作站一般都配有一个大的，高分辨率的图形屏幕，大量的内存，内置网络支持以及一个图形用户界面。大多数工作站也有一个大容量存储设备如磁盘驱动器，但是一种特殊类型的工作站，被称为无盘工作站，是不带磁盘驱动器的。
1. 获取更多信息如摘要的格式和类别,请参考附上的“提交摘要说明”。 For more information such as the format and the categories of the abstract, please refer to the attached “Instructions for Submission of Abstracts”. 2. 随信寄上两份论文摘要和一份个人简历，请查收。请便中告知我是否有资格申请大会的资助。 We are enclosing two copies of paper and a resume, please check. Please inform me if there are eligible to apply for funding of the conference. 3.非常感谢你的信息和对GEC2004感兴趣。不幸的是我们对参与者不提供任何财务援助。对组织会议有很大帮助的人将会提供一些金融帮助,例如给主题演讲或教程,组织一个邀请会话等。 Thank you very much for your message and for your interest in GEC2004. Unfortunately we can’t offer any financial assistance for regular participants. There will be some financial help available only for people who give considerable help in organizing the conference, e.g. giving a keynote lecture or a tutorial, organizing an invited session, etc. 4. 感谢你的8月15日来信，邀请我去参加2003年1月25日至28日在密歇根州的Bellaire即将举行的“2003国际会议比较文学”。
作业说明 1.用16开纸（184×260mm）打印题目，上、下、左、右各设2CM边距； 答案必须手写。 2. 作业模板如下页所示：
2012-2013学年第1学期《专业英语》作业 专业：班级：任课教师：丘永政 姓名：学号：成绩： I. Analyzing transactions and preparing financial statements Holden Graham started The Graham Co., a new business that began operations on May 1. The Graham Co. completed the following transactions during Require d： 1.Prepare an income statement for May, a May 31 balance sheet. a statement of cash flows for May. 2.These statements are given as follows
THE GRAHAM CO. Income Statement THE GRAHAM CO. Balance Sheet
THE GRAHAM CO. Statement of Cash Flows II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1.Most U.S. companies are not directly affected by international accounting standards. International standards are put forth as preferred accounting practices. However, stock exchanges and other parties are increasing the pressure to narrow differences in worldwide accounting practices. International accounting standards are playing an important role in that process.
专业英语翻译作业译文 1.科学家们认为，这样微弱的粒子正则轨道实际上是不存在的。的想法现在已被事实否定了。 2.虽然小行星很小很微弱，天文学家已经知道很多关于它们的大小，形状和组合物，通过使用各种直接和间接的技术。例如，它是已知的许多小行星的亮度的周期性变化。 3.随着疾病的进展，大肌肉也稳步增长疲软。如果不治疗，患者变得瘫痪有呼吸非常困难，并最终死亡。 4.将信息从计算机的一部分转移到另一个取决于电流进行了线。 5.只有两件事是天文观测----站立的地方和地方看需要。 6.太阳风严重扭曲地球磁场，把它拖了一个长长的尾巴。 7.使用计算机，我们组成了一系列的合成歌曲的混合自然音节为不同的模式。 8.苍头燕雀的显示，找出正确的声音模仿的本能，这表明本能学习鸟类作为他们发展他们的歌曲一样重要。 9.We know from the fossil record that our ancestors and other intelligent creatures,the australopithecines,branched off from an apelike creature 2.5 million to 3 million years ago ,and coexisted until the australopithecines died out a little less than a million years ago.Stone tools and other evidence at campsites that date form about 2,000,000 B.C.indicate that some form of australopithecine performed human activities ------ making tools,sharing food and working together. 我们知道从化石记录我们的祖先和其他智能生物，猿，分枝从远古的生物2500000到3000000年前，南方古猿和共存直到死了比一百万年前少了一点。石器和露营地，日期约2000000 b.c.表明某种形式的南方古猿表现人类活动------制作工具的其他证据，分享食物，一起工作。 10.properties of metals Metals are of great use to mankind because of their useful engineering properties. Strength is one of the important properties of metals .It enables them to resist external loads without incurring structural damages.Metals, possessing toughness, a property of absorbing considerable energy before fracture,bend rather than break. Another property of metals is elasticity.Because of their elasticity,metals subjected to an external load are distorted or stained, and return to their original dimensions when the load is released if the load is not too great. Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking. That is why some metals, such as copper and aluminum, can be drawn erom a large into a smaller diameter of wire.
PART1: Reading How to quickly read an English paper? Metalworking Glossary Cutting Tool Engineering, November, 2000, 209-238 The metalworking glossary defines terms common to those who cut and grind metals and other materials. The terms are divided into 11 categories: 1.Manufacturing Definitions; 2.Machining Operations; 3.Machine Tools and Ancillary Equipment; 4.Cutting Tools and Related Terminology 5.Coolants, Lubricants, and Related Terminology 6.Accessories and Attachments; 7.Alloys, Coatings, Material Compositions, and Related Terminology; 8.Heat-treating and Special Processes; 9.Inspection, Measurement, and Quality Control; 10.Robotics and Automated Assembly; 11.Nontraditional Machining How to Make Use of the Linguistic Features of Scientific Papers (科技论文的语言特点) 1.Linguistic Style(语体) 科学技术领域，科技工作者的任务： 描述自然现象 分析自然现象产生的规律 研究自然现象应用于人类生产实践 的方法 表达所取得的成果及其应用 思维形式：概念、公式或公式化的概念 思维活动的语言表达：按照严格的逻辑程序导 出的判断和推理，科技文体具有抽象性、概念 性和高度的逻辑性 内容：写实 语言风格：准确严谨、合乎逻辑，非形象性(理 性)、客观性、无明显感情色彩、简洁明快。Literature 1.Conference paper 2.Journal paper 3.Lecture 4.Book (Dissertation or Thesis) 5.Report (News) 6.Manual and Specification Paper and Experimental Report: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Results and Analysis, Conclusion and Discussion Book & Lecture: Title, Author(s), Name of the process or publisher, Name of the printing House, Name of the distributor, Date of publication, Date of printing, Synopsis, Note by the publisher, International Standard Book Number, Preface or Foreword, Acknowledgements, Contents, Text of the book, Appendix or Supplement, Index, Epilogue Manual and Instructions, Directions: Principle, Operation, Maintenance 2.Vocabulary Typically Professionalized Terms Whenever a force acts on a body so as to make the body move through some distance, it is said to have done work. Body n. 身体, 肉体, 人, 尸体, 主要部分, 团体, 大量vt. 赋以形体 机械专业n. 车身,机身
学期作业题目：我的历史观 学院历史学院课程名称专业英语学号20090867 姓名许静指导教师孙艳萍 2010 年8 月20 日
我的历史观 1、我的历史观本身就是一小段历史，但是这段历史并非属于我自己，他主要是其他人的历史，这是因为，作为一名学者，其毕生的工作就是要将自己的那桶水填入那条浩瀚的知识海洋中去，而这条河就是靠无数桶诸如此类的水养育的。如果我个人的历史观赋予启发性，或确实易懂，我的这种历史观必然在它的起源，发展以及社会和个人背景来呈现。 2、人类思想凝视宇宙的视角多种多样，为什么我是一名历史学家而不是哲学家或者是物理学家？同样的原因可以用来解释为什么我喝茶或咖啡不加糖。两种习惯由我母亲的影响下在我年少不更的孩童时代已经形成了。因为我母亲在我之前就是一名历史学家，所以我是一名历史学家，然而同时我一时是我与母亲不属于同样的学派，为什么我没有完全追随我的母亲呢？ 3、首先，我和我母亲不是一代人。因此当1914年历史将我们这一代人的脖子掐住之时，我的思想尚未僵固定型。其次由于与母亲所受的教育相比，我所受的教育更为保守。我母亲属于英国在现代西方是英国第一代接受大学教育的妇女。她在西方现代史方面是当代新教育的第一代人。以英国民族为主要的指导方针。在那个时期她的儿子进入了老式英国公立学校开始受教育，不管在那里还是在伦敦和牛津，几乎完全是希腊拉丁古典学。 4对于任何一位将要从事历史研究的人来说----特别是对于出生在这些时代的人来说，在我看来，古典教育能使人受益匪浅，作为思想训练的场所，希腊罗马世界的历史有着它显著的优点的。首先，希腊罗马史不以清晰地呈现在我们脑海里，而且我们不以从整体上来看待，因为这段历史已经终结了。与之相对比的是我们自己西方世界的历史，是我们仍然没有终结的戏剧，我们不知道喜剧的的结局。作为我们的临时演员在她那拥挤骚动的舞台上，我们甚至不能从自己的角度观看到当前的全貌。 5其次，希腊罗马这个领域没有大量的信息所阻碍或遮挡。因此我们能够看到这片森林----这是因为从希腊罗马社会消亡到我们这个社会出现之前的这一段空档期里，树木是出奇的稀疏，另外现存的便于管理的大量资料没有被地方性公国的公文在数量上没有超过西方世界的这样的资料。在前原子弹时代的数个世纪里，已成吨的大量现存的研究希腊罗马历史的资料不仅在数量上便于管理而且在质量上也是精选的。这些材料在性质上也是十分均衡的。在这里，雕像、诗歌和哲学著作的价值要远远高于哪些法律文书和条约文本。这也在受过希腊罗马史教育的历史学家心中滋生出一种意识；这是由于艺术家和文学家的作品比商人、士兵、政治家的事迹要更能经受住时间的考验，诗人和哲学家要胜过历史学家；然而先知家和圣人又比前面所有人更胜一筹。借助荷马和修昔底德的美妙词句，阿伽门农和伯里克利的灵魂依然出没于这个世界。虽然说荷马和修昔底德的著作如今已不再有人阅读，但可以有把握的语言对我们来说几乎难以置信的久远的那个年代人的心目中，基督，佛陀和苏格拉底必将依旧栩栩如生。 6、第三，或许希腊罗马历史最大的优点在于它的事业是全球性的而不是地方性的，可能雅典使斯巴达和罗马的萨莫奈黯然失色，然而雅典在其鼎盛时期成为全希腊的楷模。同时罗马在她的晚期，希腊罗马世界进入了单一的帝国。纵观希腊罗马史，统一都是主旋律。当我一直听这部伟大的交响乐时，我就不再害怕被本国的地方史那单一、古怪的音乐所迷惑。从前母亲成宿的分期给我讲述本国史时，我母亲那一代人教授历史的助教和教师不仅在英国本土而且在数个西方国家他们都大力提倡对民族史的研究。并错误地认为这与他们国民的生活更为密切。因此在某种意义上来说与其它地方史和时代历史相比本国的地方史是更易被他们所了解的历史。尽管事实上耶稣的巴勒斯坦和柏拉图的希腊比阿尔弗烈德大帝或者伊莉莎白女王时期的英国，维多利亚时代的英国人的生活影响更为强大。 7、然而尽管这样英国历史特殊推崇----这与尊者彼得英国历史之父的精神大相径庭，