新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit 1

Unit 1Active reading 1First reading Task 1CFirst reading Task 2BCCDCAReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 11.attendance2.ambitious3.productive4.resistance5.script6.acceptanceReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 21.mortgage2.deck3.surf4.(1)coastal (2) defy5.clamped6.criticized7.hauled8.precedingReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 3 BABBB BABBActive reading 2First reading TaskReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 1 1. (1)elapsed (2) cemetery2. (1)rear (2) crammed3triple4. (1)budding (2) biography5.finite6.dwellers7.invest8.skip9.inevitableReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 2 ABAAA BAAAB BAABB BAGuided writingWriting Task 11-b,2-c,3-aWriting Task 21-c,2-a,3-bUnit testPart I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A1.ingenious2.promotion3.surf4.provisiona5.Chronologically6.ambitious7.Inevitably8.skip9.impromptu10.resistance11.untimely12.defy13.permanently14.attendance15.prologue16.allot17.acceptance18.uncertainty19.productive20.humiliationSection B21.on22.out23.for24.to25.about26.in27.of28.at29.out30.underPart II: Banked Cloze31.promotion32.transition33.sidelines34.lengthy35.rear36.dwellers37.mortgage38.finite39.budding40.coastalPart III: Reading ComprehensionCBDDAUnit 2Active reading 1First reading Task 11.The parents couldn't afford to give the children expensivepresents,so they would buy presents after Christmas at a reduced price.2. Other children's parents told them that their presents were left by Santa Claus and made in the North Pole.In fact,the presentswere made in Japan and left by the parents.3.They celebrated Christmas about a week later,because at that time they could get Christmas trees,wrapping paper,decorations,andpresents more cheaply,or even for free.4.One child went into the desert with the father each time.5.They went to see the stars because the father wanted to"give" eachchild a star or planet.He said that these were their Christmas presens.6.According to the father,the stars didn't belong to anyone,sothey could be claimed by the children.7.Betelgeuse and Rigel are stars,while Venus is a planet,not a star.Venus is smaller than a star and doesn't make its own light.8.The stars last much longer than toys.The father says that whenthe toys are all broken and forgotten,the stars will still exist.First reading Task 2CReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 11.twinkle2.horizon3.deceiveyer5.descendants6.magneticReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 21.marbles2.junkbel4.mythical5.logicalReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 3B A B B A A AActive reading 2First reading Task 11.expected to be good and industrious2.developing a process of acquiring thought,reason and understanding3.regularly beaten and told off by parents and older siblings until they develop social competence,seen as being very naughty.4.trcated with great care and reverence,believed that they arein contact with the spirit world.5.seen as incompetent and irresponsible; playing not working,going to school not labouring,consumption instead of productionpetent and responsible; expected to workpetent and responsible; girls expected to work from a young age,be married and have children at 12 or 13; boys have fewerresponsibilities and get married laterFirst reading Task 2DABDCCReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 11.contact2.harsh3.consumers4.knitting5.colonies6.take exception to7.impose8.perspect ive9.interveneReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 21.continual2.dependent on3.ethnic5.outsiders6.reluctance7.externalReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 3A A AB A B B ALanguage in useTask 11.The star ofthe play is a Hollywood actor.2.I couldn't refuse his offer.3.Columbus claimed America in the name of Queen Isabella.4.He touched the hot dish and burmed his fingers.5.We laughed about all the kids who believed in Santa.6.Our ideas about childhood have undergone changes over the years.7.Our view about children is that they are incompetent and dependent.8.Social anthropologists have questions about the role of childhood in the community.1.irreplaceable2.irrational3.unacceptable4.ineffcient5.inaccurate6.unlikelyTask 3The clauses that usually follow rather than are main clauses,subordinate clauses and-ing form clauses.Note: Nouns can also come after rather than.Task 41.Rather than celebrating Christmas on December 25,they waiteda week.2.Her father offered her the planet Venus,rather than traditional Christmas present.3.Venus is a planet,rather than a star.4.Rather than broken junk,they would always have their stars.5.Rather than work,a child's li fe today is characterized by play.6.Parents treat their children with leniency, rather than reasoning with them.1.core competence2.(1)imposes (2)ban3.tight-knit4.(1)knit (2 )brows5.(1)knit (2) jumper /hat6.energy consumptionTask 6在西方，做父母的非常了解受父母过度保护的孩子的弱点:这些孩子害怕冒险，缺乏决断力，缺少在现实生活中获得成功的手段; 上大学时，许多人无法较好地适应大学生活的严苛，退学是常有的事。

Unit 1Active Reading (1)4 1b 2 c 3c 4d 5c 6a51.attendance2.ambitious3.productive4.resistance5.script6.acceptance61 mortgage 2deck 3surf 4coastal; defy 5clamped 6criticized 7hauled 8prededing7 1b 2a 3b 4b 5b 6b 7a 8b 9bActive Reading (2）2。

1 c 2d 3b3 341 elapsed; cemetery2 rear; crammed 3triple 4budding；biography5finite 6dwellers 7invest 8skip 9inevitable51a 2b 3a 4a 5a 6b 7a 8a61a 2b 3b 4a 5a 6b 7b 8b 9aLanguage in use1·I’ve double- nd triple-checked it。

（compound verb)·budding crypt-kickers ((compound noun)·a rear-view mirror ((compound adjective)·the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain （compound adjective) ·back—burner stuff (compound adjective）·standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun）·a sepia—colored relative that no one can put a name to （compound adjective）21 a late-night party2 a well-stocked library3 a world-famous professor4 some well-timed advice5 a rapidly-growing population6 a free-market economy7 a half-hour boat trip31 It's how we behave that determines what other people think of us.2 It's what our character is that usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing。

新编⼤学英语综合教程3第三版部分课后答案新编⼤学英语综合教程3 第三版课后答案Reading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction: (para.1)Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para.2—3)People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (para.4—15)i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.ii) Set reasonable goals.iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame.iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.v) Do not make negative comments about yourself.vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully.vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences.viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate.ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly.x) Practice being in social situations.4) Conclusion: (para.16)The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.2. Understanding Specific Information1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) F3. Group Discussion1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways.Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time.2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one’s merits, abilities or success. Theopposite of modesty is arrogance or boastfulness. Modest people don’t want to talk about theirabilities or achievements. Modest people know their strengths and their worth, but choose to downplay their greatness and be humble. So modesty is the result of confidence. Shyness is used to describe the uncomfortable feeling one has in the company of others. It often implies a lack of self-confidence and a timid, reserved manner. Modesty is a good personality trait while shyness in many cases is undesirable.3) B eing shy isn’t necessarily a bad thing. It is appropriate and normal to be shy in some circumstances, for example, in the presence of teachers, your boss, your parents’ friends or your prospective in-laws; when you are dating someone, especially the first time; when you are with stranger s; when you are in a new environment; when you’re facing a large audience. In fact, it can even be helpful to be a little shy. When you’re shy and keep silent, you may spend a little time observing the surroundings and people around before jumping right into the new situation.Vocabulary1. “Self-”is a prefix which means “of, to or by oneself or itself” .Words with the prefix “self-” that appear in the text: self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance, self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-destructive, self-awareness, self-acceptance, self-rejection, self-confident.1) self-conscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you)2) self-confidence (belief in one’s own ability, power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself)3) self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired)4) self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one’s own best interests)5) self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)6) self-concept (one’s conception or general idea of one’s own basic character and nature)7) self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)8) self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)2. Part A1) G 2) I 3) A 4) F 5) C 6) D 7) J 8) B 9) E 10) HPart B1) profound 2) jealousy 3) overcome 4) eventually 5) compliments6) diminish 7) reassurance 8) detrimental 9) isolated 10) accented3. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5) sensitive 6) respond/react 7) eliminated 8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no commentTranslation1. Shyness can vary from feeling mild discomfort to high levels of anxiety that impact us in almosteverything we do.2. Despite his stubbornness, he knew in his heart that he should avoid arousing any suspicions.3. It will be interpreted as criticism no matter what you say.4. Let’s not allow ourselves to be upset by trifles (which) we should despise and forget.5. Too much time spent dwelling on the past can get in the way of enjoying life as it happens.6. People who believe they can accomplish goals and solve problems are more likely to do well inschool.Further Development1. Enriching Your Word Power1) B 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) C 8) A 9) A 10) C哈哈，等我再上传啦。

Unit 1Active reading (1)5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.(1) attendance(2) ambitious(3) productive(4) impressive(5) resistance(6) script(7) acceptance7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 (mortgage)2 (deck)3 (surf)4 (coastal; defy)5 (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 (b)2 (a)3 (b)4 (b)5 (b)6 (a)7 (b)8 (b)Active reading (2)4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 elapsed ,cemetery2 rear,crammed3 triple4 budding ,biography5 finite6 Answer the questions about the words.1 (a)2 (b)3 (a)4 (a)5 (b)6 (b)7 (a)8 (a)7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 (a)2 (b)3 (b)4 (a)5 (a)6 (b)7 (b)8 (b)9 (a)Language in use (Omitted)7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。

Unit 1Active reading (1)5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.(1) attendance(2) ambitious(3) productive(4) impressive(5) resistance(6) script(7) acceptance7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 (mortgage)2 (deck)3 (surf)4 (coastal; defy)5 (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 (b)2 (a)3 (b)4 (b)5 (b)6 (a)7 (b)8 (b)Active reading (2)4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 elapsed ,cemetery2 rear,crammed3 triple4 budding ,biography5 finite6 Answer the questions about the words.1 (a)2 (b)3 (a)4 (a)5 (b)6 (b)7 (a)8 (a)7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 (a)2 (b)3 (b)4 (a)5 (a)6 (b)7 (b)8 (b)9 (a)Language in use (Omitted)7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。

全新版大学英语综合教程3Unit One Changes in the Way We LiveText AContent Questions ( P10 )1.Write and live on a farm.2.Because they grow nearly all of their fruits and vegetables. They have enough eggs, honey and wood. They are very close to nature and can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Besides, they can go skiing and skating in winter.3.No. Sometimes the good life can get pretty tough.4.They were buried under five feet of snow from December through March.5.When the first spring came, it brought two floods. The second flood refers to the good harvest in the growing season.6.He decided to quit his job and start to freelance.7.He has to crawl into black bear dens for “Sports Illustrated”, hitch up dogsled racing teams for “Smithsonian” magazine, check out the Lake Champlain “monster” for “Science Digest”, and canoe through the Boundary Waters Wilderness area of Minnesota for “Destinations”.8.As for insurance, they have only bought a poor man’s major-medical policy and the policy on their two cars.9.They cut back their expenses without appreciably lowering their standard of living. For example, they patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive places in the city. They still attend the opera and ballet but only a few times a year. They eat less meat, drink cheaper wine and see fewer movies.10. A tolerance for solitude and lots of energy.11.They will leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what they have been able to accomplish.12.They chose to live in the country because they want to improve the quality of their lives. Yes, they have finally realized their dreams.Text Organization ( P11 )Part One (paragraphs 1—3) The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one.Part Two (paragraphs 4—7 ) Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard.Part Three (paragraphs 8—11) After quitting his job, the writer’s income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by.Part Four (paragraphs 12—15 ) A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country.Happy Moments and Events1)growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables2)canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc.3)keeping warm inside the house in winter4)writing freelance articles5)earning enough money while maintaining a happy family lifeHardships1)working hard both in winter and in summer2)harsh environment and weather condition3)anxious moments after the writer quit his job4)cutting back on daily expenses5)solitudeVocabulary1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. ( P15 )1)on balance2) resist3) haul4) wicked5) illustrated6) budget7) lowering8) boundary9) involved10)economic11) blasting12) just about2. Now use the verb in brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and complete the sentence with it. ( P16 )1)cut back / down2）pick up3）get by4) get through5）face up to 6）turn in7）making up for8）think up3. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. （P17 ）1)pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy.2)often generate misleading thoughts.3)attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work.4)be suspected of doing everything for money.5)before he gets through life.4. Complete the sentences, using the words or phrases in brackets ( P17 )1. their indoor a profit to invest in2. device the improvement on a global scale3. stacked temptation never dined outConfusable Use ( P18 )1.house2.home3.home family4.household1.doubt2.suspected3.doubted4.suspected5.suspectWord Formation ( P19 )1) rise 2) final3) regular4) cash 5) hows and whys6) upped7) yellowed8) bottled9) lower10) searchCloze1. Text-related ( P20 )1) gets by2) temptation3) get through4) improvement5) aside from 6) suspect7) supplement8) profit9) stacking2. Theme-related ( P21 )1) replaced 2) consider3) quit4) world5) tough6) fuels7) provide8) luxuries9) balance10) idealTranslation1. Translate the sentences into English ( P21 )1)We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it is fairly minor.2)My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over responsibility for my upbringing at that point.3)the toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children.4)Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of new and opinion.5)When it comes to this magazine, it is a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.2. Translate the passage into English ( P21 )A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.But, to run a business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.Text B1. Choose the best answer for each of the following. ( P27 )1—6. a c d b a cTranslate into Chinese the underlined sentences in the essay ( P28 )1.什么？你说那听起来不像你府上的生活？其实，不仅仅是你一个人这么想。

新标准⼤学英语Unittest综合教程3⽹上作业答案新标准⼤学英语Unit test综合教程3⽹上作业答案Unit test 1Part I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A: Complete each sentence using the correct word or expression from the box.impromptuattendanceimpressiveacceptanceambitiousresistancedefyproductiveingenio usskipallotelapsedimposecontinuousadolescentobstaclepermanentlychronologicallyuntimelyuncertainty1. 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ProductblThe?l ion?e?systeadere.of?agnatsafshi?"on?p?pipe?productto?curie?mplry?pron?of ementhe?ion?and? ndustroducti?safati?tmanagement?safmanagementy?must?he?o n?pipes,?inciet?must?pipe?iorsuperple,e"?busicontr?ts? viprbe?safn?ness?m anagementol?responsiblsion?and?imust?e?chars?he?y?stfii"who?o?Adherand?t ge,te?.?target?ct? who?t?accountiistrabi3,?lihe?gro?tassry?tootitesponsio mote?s.?bilsafconstre?productuctty?ion?rion?iwory? engthenik,prng?str?pro ducticountnton?roductihe?y?supervion?is?sion?safof?tour?abileti?The?fon? prsafioductor?y? fmplety.itesponsihe?ement?o?biln?rmaitises?eportthe?ing? ente?trerprisystem,?on?promotselcorf?rect?dden?iWiteth?y? se?ablselfhipro ductention?ishment?erpriof?he?safests?tThe?three?iy.assumed??tvely?respo nsibiectiliy?and?effctlon? deparetritments?sty?es?bear?iproductsafitespon siion?bihe?on?tnspectsuperlre?to?promotion?y?vissued?and? stiratinisiprsa fets?Two?ii?"oductiy.on?itesponsiadmibil?r?ofa?pairy,?itesponsih?bilry?w itthe?party?mplHunan?Zhengban? prhe?ementes?y?y?Hunan?oductisafet?tiresol >?iprprovion?(oductithe?prutel?made?itesponsiovisions?of?on?2013? birnce? of?superviNo.?lsisaf4),on?etand?management?were2. For me, the biggest to becoming an astronaut is my poor math skills.Your answer Correct answerobstacle obstacle3. I have no idea how much time since she left—I fell asleep.Your answer Correct answerelapsd elapsed4. After college, I travelled through Europe, and the most thing I saw was theEiffel Tower in Paris.Your answer Correct answerimpressive impressive5. , which of the following events happened first?Your answer Correct answerChronologically Chronologically6. Steve is one of the most people I know; he wants to own his own business bythe time he's 25.Your answer Correct answerambitious ambitious7. Jack still acts like a(n) and thinks everything is a game.Your answer Correct answeradolescent adolescent8. A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in and what he thinks isboring.Your answer Correct answerskip skip9. After his plane landed, the prime minister gave a(n) speech about globalwarming.impromptu impromptu10. I told my parents I wanted to take a year off before going to college, and my suggestionsurprisingly met with little .people?cadrkeres?es,s??iand?wor6?vitdation?he?actibig?consoltiyle?of ?The?stn?2012.?he?partews?ty?iof?he?vi? tugglesole?and?utace,?discreditro ?e?face?strt?fcannot?stand?t?up?ghtbr?and?wrong,?rissues?avely,iof?ssues ?ude,iambie??majitguous?of?prnciorattoblplnvoleadi?iems?norving?ing?lof? ms?ical?majcadrtor?es,the?polipri?some?ee? in?rget?f,?t"himechanings?tect drsm?on?"?power?the?perfifcontrin?let?olon??on?erthe?way,nalrengt?hen?to ?st? superint?worvisik,lof??alng?pointihe??and?y?startgoalas?prpr?oductio f?oblic?ton?em?istsafthe?most?etreal?he?rect,he? concerpeopl?dimostned,?o ??tsolve?tons",?e?timostten?prohibity?supervion?sion?county?safetylon?y? system?ofe? consts?and?requie?engtgovernment?ee,?commih?n??"ructistrement constheniOn?ttthe?countwitaccory?ructy?Partdance? ctng?stiilristylreadiew ?ng?lhe?mplpron?ementhe?cadrobldoes?not?ati?tes?em.?surict,notA?virifve? t?stnot?stl?le?stihere? arecords,?eam?buteaderand??totlegal?membershillp? the?hers?globalt?bad??do?he?Overryears,??tsupervinotsint?have? on.eriany? ?ct?naliri?s?obles?notiem?the?presome?tagainci?stendencies?exinstplpri?u nwholstence?ical?tof?the? polincenti?Adheroure?sm?ve?mechanietengthen?to?).(fy?producton?ecognio"?iion?systtiraward?and?"one?e?votmplsafem,?e?vet pron?ofementistroducti?safatct?ndex? assessment,on?istetof?ri?y?ncriher?e ase?tfurtiough.he??To?acklump?sum,?producte?o?he?ion?ttownship?led?tsaft he? government?he?ses?and?key?prstagnator?he?t?by?toblerowns,tresponsiblt mentDeparand?pr?key?entkey?ion?lems,esponsie??titetem.fbly?The?l?Product ion?e?systeadere.of?safshi?"on?agnatp?to?curie?mplpipe?productrpron?ofem enthe?y?ion?and?ndustrhe?oducti?safati?tmanagement?safmanagementy?must?o n?pipes,?pipe?iiornciet?must? superple,e"?busicontr?ts?viresponsiblprbe?s afness?ol?n?managementsion?and?imust?e?chary?s?he?stfii"who?o? Adherand?t ge,te?.?target?ct?who?t?accountiistrabi3,?lihe?gro?tassry?tootitesponsio mote?s.?constrbilsafucte?productty? ion?rion?iwory?engthenik,prng?str?pro ducticountnton?roductihe?y?supervis?on?ision?safof?tour?abileti?The?fon? prsafioductor?y?fmplety.itesponsihe?ement?o?ses?biln?rmaitihe?teportente ?ting?rerprisystem,?on?promotselcorf?rect? dden?iWitetse?h?y?productselfh ientablion?erpriof?ishment?he?safests?tThe?three?iy.assumed??tvely?respo nsibiectiliy? and?on?depareffctletritments?sty?es?bear?iproductsafitespon siion?bihe?on?tnspectsuperlre?to?promotion?stviy?and? ssued?isiratiniprsa fets?Two?ii?"oductiy.on?itesponsiadmibil?r?ofa?pairy,?esponsiith?bilry?w itthe?party?mplHunan? Zhengban?pres?he?ementy?y?Hunan?oductisafet?tiresol >?iprprovion?(oductithe?prutel?made?itesponsiovisions?of?on? 2013?birnce? of?superviNo.?lsisaf4),on?etand?management?wereYour answer Correct answerresistance resistance11. The world was shocked by the death of the young singer.Your answer Correct answeruntimely untimely12. "How dare you a direct order? You're a soldier now!"Your answer Correct answerdefy defy13. She was disfigured by the fire, but it soon came to representherdetermination to succeed in life.Your answer Correct answerpermanently permanently14. During the World Cup, in class was down because everyone stayedat hometo watch television.attendance attendance15. I had five exams last week—it was like one long, nightmare.Your answer Correct answercontinuous continuous16. Normally, we one vote to each member, but this is a special case.Your answer Correct answerallot allot17. I can remember feeling very insecure when I was young; I was desperate for myclassmates' .Your answer Correct answeracceptance acceptance18. Her final year of school was marked by considerable as she tried to figureout what to do next.Your answer Correct answeruncertainty uncertainty19. I've tried working in the morning, but I find that I'm most late at night.people?cadrkeres?es,s??iand?wor6?vitdation?he?actibig?consoltiyle?of ?The?stn?2012.?he?partews?ty?iof?he?vi? tugglesole?and?utace,?discreditro ?e?face?strt?fcannot?stand?t?up?ghtbr?and?wrong,?rissues?avely,iof?ssues ?ude,iambie??majitguous?of?prnciorattoblplnvoleadi?iems?norving?ing?lof? ms?ical?majcadrtor?es,the?polipri?some?ee? in?rget?f,?t"himechanings?tect drsm?on?"?power?the?perfifcontrin?let?olon??on?erthe?way,nalrengt?hen?to ?st? superint?worvisik,lof??alng?pointihe??and?y?startgoalas?prpr?oductio f?oblic?ton?em?istsafthe?most?etreal?he?rect,he? concerpeopl?dimostned,?o ??tsolve?tons",?e?timostten?prohibity?supervion?sion?county?safetylon?y? system?ofe? consts?and?requie?engtgovernment?ee,?commih?n??"ructistrement constheniOn?ttthe?countwitaccory?ructy?Partdance? ctng?stiilristylreadiew ?ng?lhe?mplpron?ementhe?cadrobldoes?not?ati?tes?em.?surict,notA?virifve? t?stnot?stl?le?stihere? arecords,?eam?buteaderand??totlegal?membershillp? the?hers?globalt?bad??do?he?Overryears,??tsupervinotsint?have? on.eriany? ?ct?naliri?s?obles?notiem?the?presome?tagainci?stendencies?exinstplpri?unwholstence?ical?tof?the?polincenti?Adheroure?sm?ve?mechanietengthen?to? ).(fy?producton?ecognio"?iion? systtiraward?and?"one?e?votmplsafem,?e?vet pron?ofementistroducti?safatct?ndex?assessment,on?istetof?ri?y?ncriher?e ase?tfurtiough.he??To?acklump?sum,?producte?o?he?ion?ttownship?led?tsaft he?government?he?ses?and?key? prstagnator?he?t?by?toblerowns,tresponsiblt mentDeparand?pr?key?entkey?ion?lems,esponsie??titetem.fbly?The?l? Product ion?e?systeadere.of?safshi?"on?agnatp?to?curie?mplpipe?productrpron?ofem enthe?y?ion?and?ndustrhe?oducti? safati?tmanagement?safmanagementy?must?o n?pipes,?pipe?iiornciet?must?superple,e"?busicontr?ts?viresponsiblprbe?s afness?ol?n?managementsion?and?imust?e?chary?s?he?stfii"who?o?Adherand?t ge,te?.?target?ct?who?t? accountiistrabi3,?lihe?gro?tassry?tootitesponsio mote?s.?constrbilsafucte?productty?ion?rion?iwory?engthenik,prng?str? pro ducticountnton?roductihe?y?supervis?on?ision?safof?tour?abileti?The?fon? prsafioductor?y?fmplety.itesponsihe? ement?o?ses?biln?rmaitihe?teportente ?ting?rerprisystem,?on?promotselcorf?rect?dden?iWitetse?h?y?productselfh ientablion?erpriof?ishment?he?safests?tThe?three?iy.assumed??tvely?respo nsibiectiliy?and?on?depareffctletritments? sty?es?bear?iproductsafitespon siion?bihe?on?tnspectsuperlre?to?promotion?stviy?and?ssued?isiratiniprsa fets?Two? ii?"oductiy.on?itesponsiadmibil?r?ofa?pairy,?esponsiith?bilry?w itthe?party?mplHunan?Zhengban?pres?he?ementy?y? Hunan?oductisafet?tiresol >?iprprovion?(oductithe?prutel?made?itesponsiovisions?of?on?2013?birnce? of?superviNo.? lsisaf4),on?etand?management?wereYour answer Correct answerproductive productive20. Ernie is a really decent guy; he would never try to his beliefs on someone else.impose imposeSection B: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21. We don't have the budget to do everything, so I'm afraid your plan will have to gothe back burner.Your answer Correct answerto on22. All I need is some peace and quiet, and I'll be able to figure a solution.Your answer Correct answerout out23. Brace yourself some bad news, this doesn't look good.Your answer Correct answerfor for24. It's all down you! Don't let us down!Your answer Correct answerto to25. The new evidence creates a lot of uncertainty who really reached America first.Your answer Correct answerabout about26. I'm only a law school student—I'm hardly any position to help you with your legalproblems.Your answer Correct answerin in27. In the back my mind, I have my doubts about whether he's right for the job.Your answer Correct answerof ofpeople?cadrkeres?es,s??iand?wor6?vitdation?he?actibig?consoltiyle?of ?The?stn?2012.?he?partews?ty?iof?he?vi? tugglesole?and?utace,?discreditro ?e?face?strt?fcannot?stand?t?up?ghtbr?and?wrong,?rissues?avely,iof?ssues ?ude,iambie??majitguous?of?prnciorattoblplnvoleadi?iems?norving?ing?lof? ms?ical?majcadrtor?es,the?polipri?some?ee? in?rget?f,?t"himechanings?tect drsm?on?"?power?the?perfifcontrin?let?olon??on?erthe?way,nalrengt?hen?to ?st? superint?worvisik,lof??alng?pointihe??and?y?startgoalas?prpr?oductio f?oblic?ton?em?istsafthe?most?etreal?he?rect,he? concerpeopl?dimostned,?o ??tsolve?tons",?e?timostten?prohibity?supervion?sion?county?safetylon?y? system?ofe? consts?and?requie?engtgovernment?ee,?commih?n??"ructistrement constheniOn?ttthe?countwitaccory?ructy?Partdance? ctng?stiilristylreadiew ?ng?lhe?mplpron?ementhe?cadrobldoes?not?ati?tes?em.?surict,notA?virifve? t?stnot?stl?le?stihere? arecords,?eam?buteaderand??totlegal?membershillp? the?hers?globalt?bad??do?he?Overryears,??tsupervinotsint?have? on.eriany? ?ct?naliri?s?obles?notiem?the?presome?tagainci?stendencies?exinstplpri?unwholstence?ical?tof?the?polincenti?Adheroure?sm?ve?mechanietengthen?to? ).(fy?producton?ecognio"?iion? systtiraward?and?"one?e?votmplsafem,?e?vet pron?ofementistroducti?safatct?ndex?assessment,on?istetof?ri?y?ncriher?e ase?tfurtiough.he??To?acklump?sum,?producte?o?he?ion?ttownship?led?tsaft he?government?he?ses?and?key? prstagnator?he?t?by?toblerowns,tresponsiblt mentDeparand?pr?key?entkey?ion?lems,esponsie??titetem.fbly?The?l? Product ion?e?systeadere.of?safshi?"on?agnatp?to?curie?mplpipe?productrpron?ofem enthe?y?ion?and?ndustrhe?oducti?safati?tmanagement?safmanagementy?must?o n?pipes,?pipe?iiornciet?must?superple,e"?busicontr?ts?viresponsiblprbe?s afness?ol?n?managementsion?and?imust?e?chary?s?he?stfii"who?o?Adherand?t ge,te?.?target?ct?who?t? accountiistrabi3,?lihe?gro?tassry?tootitesponsio mote?s.?constrbilsafucte?productty?ion?rion?iwory?engthenik,prng?str? pro ducticountnton?roductihe?y?supervis?on?ision?safof?tour?abileti?The?fon? prsafioductor?y?fmplety.itesponsihe? ement?o?ses?biln?rmaitihe?teportente ?ting?rerprisystem,?on?promotselcorf?rect?dden?iWitetse?h?y?productselfh ientablion?erpriof?ishment?he?safests?tThe?three?iy.assumed??tvely?respo nsibiectiliy?and?on?depareffctletritments? sty?es?bear?iproductsafitespon siion?bihe?on?tnspectsuperlre?to?promotion?stviy?and?ssued?isiratiniprsa fets?Two? ii?"oductiy.on?itesponsiadmibil?r?ofa?pairy,?esponsiith?bilry?w itthe?party?mplHunan?Zhengban?pres?he?ementy?y? Hunan?oductisafet?tiresol >?iprprovion?(oductithe?prutel?made?itesponsiovisions?of?on?2013?birnce? of?superviNo.? lsisaf4),on?etand?management?were28. He is having a shot cooking his own dinner.Your answer Correct answerat at29. Jessica had her life mapped since she was a little girl: college, marriage, children,career.Your answer Correct answerout out30. Quick, cram the bag the bed!Your answer Correct answerof underPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.For ten years, I lived in the city and loved it. Everything was stable, and I didn't have manyt?worries. Then, within one month, I got a (31) at work and my girlfriend and It?decided to get married. Suddenly, my life was in (32) with big changes ahead!t?The new position at work was wonderful. I was no longe r relegatedto the (33)t?. My boss was starting to notice all of my hard work! After a (34) speech about mynew responsibilities, my boss took me to my new private office. Fantastic! I didn't have to sit in thet?(35) of the office anymore, behind the c opy machine. I loved my job already.My girlfriend also suggested that we move out of the city and buy a house in the suburbs. Wepeople?cadrkeres?es,s??iand?wor6?vitdathe?ion?actibig?consoltiyle?of ?The?stn?2012.?he?partews?ty?iof?he?vi? tuggle?esoland?utace,?discreditro ?e?face?strt?fcannot?stand?t?up?ghtbr?and?wrong,?rissues?avely,iof?ssues ?ude,iambie??majitguous?of?prnciorattoblplnvoleadi?iems?ving?ing?lnorof? ms?ical?majcadrtor?es,the?polipri?some?ee? in?rget?f,?t"himechanings?tect the?perfdrsm?on?"?power?ifcontrlet?in?olon??on?erthe?way,nalrengt?hen?to ?st? superint?worvisik,lof??alng?poiinthe??and?starty?goalas?prpr?oductio f?oblic?ton?em?istsafthe?most?etreal? concerrect,he?he??dimostned,?peoplo ??tsolve?tons",?e?timostten?prohibity?supervion?sion?on?county?y?safetyl system?ofs?and?requie?engtgovernment?ee,?commih?n?e?const?"ructistrement constheniOn?ttthe?countwitaccory?ructy? Partdance?ng?stictilristylreadiew ?mplng?lhe?on?prementhe?cadrobldoes?not?ati?tes?em.?surict,notA?virifve? t?stnot? stl?le?stihere?arecords,?and?buteam?eader?totlegal?membershillp? the?hers?globalt?bad??do?he?Overrsuperviyears,?? tnotsint?have?on.eriany? ?ct?naliri?s?obles?notnciiem?the?presome?tagai?stendencies?exinstplpri?u nwholstence?ical? tof?the?poli?Adherncentie?oursm?ve?mechanietengthen?on? to?ecogni).(fy?producto"?iion?systtiraward?and?"one?vote? mplsafem,?e?vet pron?ofementistroductindex?assessment,?safatct?on?istetof?ri?y?ncriease? ther?ifurtough.he??To? acklump?sum,?producte?o?he?ion?ed?township?tltsaft he?government?he?ses?and?key?prstagnator?he?t?by? teroblowns,tresponsibltmentDeparand?pr?key?entkey?ion?lems,e??titetem.esponsify??ProductblThe?l ion?e?systeadere.of?agnatsafshi?"on?p? e?to?curimplpipe?productrpron?ofem enthe?y?ion?and?ndustroducti?safati?tmanagement?safmanagementy?must?he?o n?pipes,?inciet?must?pipe?iorsuperple,e"?busicontr?ts?vin?prmanagementbe ?safness?ol?responsiblsion?and?imust?e? chars?he?y?stfii"who?o?Adherand?t ge,te?.?target?ct?who?t?accountiistrabi3,?lihe?gro?tassry?tootitesponsio mote?s.? bilsafconstre?productuctty?ion?rion?iwory?engthenik,prng?str?pro ducticountnton?roductihe?y?supervion?is?sion?safof? tour?abileti?The?on?f prsafioductor?y?fmplety.itesponsihe?ement?o?biln?rmaitises?eportthe?ing? ente?trerprisystem,?on? promotselcorf?rect?dden?iWiteth?y?se?ablselfhipro ductention?ishment?erpriof?he?safests?tThe?three?iy.assumed?? tvely?respo nsibiectiliy?and?effctlon?deparetritmenty?s?stes?bear?iproductsafitespon siion?bihe?on?tnspectsuperlre?to? promotion?viy?and?ssued?stisiratiniprsa fets?Two?ii?"oductiy.on?itesponsiadmibil?r?ofa?pairy,?itesponsih?biy?wit lrthe? party?mplHunan?Zhengban?prhe?ementes?y?y?Hunan?oductisafet?tiresol >?iprprovion?(oductithe?prutel?made? itesponsiovisions?of?on?2013?birnce? of?superviNo.?lsisaf4),on?etand?management?weret?had been city (36) for so long that it was a d ifficult decisionfor us to make. On topt?of that, I was worried about taking out a (37) for the house. My new job paid better,t?but our resources were still (38). Finding a down payment would be tough.In the end, we decided to go for it. There's no time like the present, right? With the new job, It?could honestly say that I had a (39) career, so it felt right to take the plunge andbuy a house. After all these changes, we'd be ready to just relax and enjoy life. So, we took on at?honeymoon to th e (40) California.Your answer Correct answer(31) promotion promotion(32) transition transition(33) sidelines sidelines(34) lengthy lengthy(35) rear rear(36) dwellers dwellers(37) mortgage mortgage(38) finite finite(39) budding budding(40) coastal coastalPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.It would be a fairly accurate statement to say that, when I was in elementary school and high school, I was a painfully shy child. I usually kept to myself, had only a few friends, and rarely spoke in class. My parents were always very busy, so they never pushed me tobecome more involved in activities and meet more people. I was perfectly happy by myself. I spent much of my time with my nose buried in a book. The only times that I ventured away from the comforts of my bedroom were when I explored the seeminglypeople?cadrkeres?es,s??iand?wor6?vitdathe?ion?actibig?consoltiyle?of?The ?stn?2012.?he?partews?ty?iof?he?vi? tuggle?esoland?utace,?discreditro?e?f ace?strt?fcannot?stand?t?up?ghtbr?and?wrong,?rissues?avely,iof?ssues?ude,iambie??majitguous?of?prnciorattoblplnvoleadi?iems?ving?ing?lnorof?ms?i cal?majcadrtor?es,the?polipri?some?ee?in? rget?f,?t"himechanings?tectthe? perfdrsm?on?"?power?ifcontrlet?in?olon??on?erthe?way,nalrengt?hen?to?st? superint? worvisik,lof??alng?poiinthe??and?starty?goalas?prpr?oductiof?ob lic?ton?em?istsafthe?most?etreal?concerrect,he?he?? dimostned,?peoplo??ts olve?tons",?e?timostten?prohibity?supervion?sion?on?county?y?safetylsyst em?ofs?and?requie?engtgovernment?ee,?commih?n?e?const?"ructistrementcons theniOn?ttthe?countwitaccory?ructy?Partdance?ng? stictilristylreadiew?mpl ng?lhe?on?prementhe?cadrobldoes?not?ati?tes?em.?surict,notA?virifve?t?st not?stl?le?stihere? arecords,?and?buteam?eader?totlegal?membershillp?the? hers?globalt?bad??do?he?Overrsuperviyears,??tnotsint?have? on.eriany??ct? naliri?s?obles?notnciiem?the?presome?tagai?stendencies?exinstplpri?unwho lstence?ical?tof?the?poli? 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Reading was my escape. My favourite books were adventure and travel stories—stories that brought the readers to exotic, unexplored, or dangerous places. These were places I longed to go, and they were adventures I yearned to experience, but I knew it was all just a fantasy. I had a hard time working up the nerve to talk to a fellowclassmate, I knew there was no way I could travel around the world and live out one of these adventures. Therefore, I read. I read every book I could find that promised adventure, excitement, or escape. By the time I graduated from high school, I had probably read more books than our school had in its library. It was quite an achievement, but no one knew about it except for me. I told no one because I had no one to tell. My only friend was Justin, and that relationship only existed because we had been next-door neighbours for fifteen years.Like most of my classmates, I applied to college and eventually worked up the courage to go. It wasn't easy. I had lived at home with my parents my whole life, and I rarely ever thought about leaving. However, it had finally become inevitable; I couldn't stay with them forever. I attended a local college and moved out to live in a dormitory with a roommate. It would be an understatement to say that I was nervous. I was terrified.My roommate's name was Greg, and the first few weeks of school were very awkward. He kept trying to start conversations and be friendly. I was able to answer his questions, of course, but I found it difficult to keep the conversation going. I just wasn't used to it—I had no practice at this sort of thing. Then one day I returned from an afternoon class and found him reading a Jack London book. Suddenly, I found that I had a hundred questions to ask Greg. Did he like Jack London? Which was his favourite book? Did he read a lot? What other authors did he like? The list was endless.。

Unit 1Active reading (1)Catching crabsReading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage.3 The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the othercrabs pulled it back. In the end it gave up trying and started to prevent other crabs from escaping.4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What happened to the students in the fall of the final year?(a) They became more relaxed.(b) They became more serious.(c) They spent more time outside.(d) They stopped going to lessons.2 Why did some people have bags under their eyes in the morning?(a) They’d been to an all-night party.(b) They’d started worrying about their future.(c) They’d spent all night in the library.(d) They wanted to impress their teachers.3 Which students had already planned their future?(a) The ones who had the best grades.(b) The ones who came from wealthy families.(c) The quieter ones who didn’t have the best grades.(d) The ones who wanted to get married and start a family.4 Why did the writer go home?(a) He wanted to speak to his father.(b) He could study better at home than at college.(c) He had to attend a job interview.(d) It was a national holiday.Unit 1 Discovering yourself5 Why did his father take him out to catch crabs?(a) They needed to get something to eat for dinner.(b) He wanted to show him how to catch crabs.(c) He wanted to tell him something about life.(d) They both wanted to enjoy the coastline and the sea.6 What advice did his father give him?(a) Get to know yourself better.(b) Watch what others do carefully.(c) Always listen to your father.(d) You can’t always do what you want.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwritingcourse will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious – the film businessis very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productive because it takesmore than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there willalways be (5) resistance from producers because it’s too expensi ve. So make sure you have plenty ofothers to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant (6) script and plan your(7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 We’ve seen a place we like and we’re applying for a loan to buy a house. (mortgage)2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore. (surf)4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forcesof nature every time they go to work. (coastal; defy)5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you watch an impromptu performance of something, has it (a) been prepared, or (b) not beenprepared?2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper?Discovering yourself Unit 13 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepareyourself for it mentally and physically?4 Do you moor a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post with a rope?5 Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b) might have been left out in the rainand is covered with brown substance?6 If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) half empty?7 If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they please, or (b) being kept as a prisoner?8 If you have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or (b) understood it?Active reading (2)2 Work in pairs. Look at the title of the passage and choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The passage will be (c) .(a) a newspaper article about life expectancy(b) a sad story about death(c) advice about how to make the most of your life(d) a warning that modern lifestyles are bad for healthUnit 1 Discovering yourself122 The passage is likely to be (d) .(a) serious(b) funny(c) depressing(d) a mixture of all three3 The passage is likely to say (b) .(a) young people don’t think enough ab out death(b) life is short(c) people are dying unnecessarily(d) people don’t enjoy life enoughWe are all dyingBackground informationThe passage is taken from Everything That Happens to Me Is Good, a book of thoughts, experiences andinsights from the life of Geoff Thompson. The writer worked in many different jobs, including nine yearsas a “bouncer” in a nightclub in London (a bouncer has the tough job of making sure that no one causestrouble, eg if they are rude, drunk or violent). He then trained full-time in karate, judo and other martial artsand became well-known as a martial arts instructor. He lived out his dream to become a writer,over 30 books on self-defence and self-improvement and has recently been making films and writing for thescreen. Asked what he had learnt from his years in martial arts, he said, “The main thing I’ve learned is thatwherever there is discomfort there is growth, but what people do is to look for growth in areas of comfort –and there’s no growth in comfort. So look for areas of growth that are uncomfortable but allow you to grow,and learn to become comfortable in those areas.”Language points1 I have some good news and some bad news for you (as the joke goes). The bad news –and I’m verysorry to be the bearer –is that we are all dying. It’s true. I’ve checked it out. (Para 1) Good news and bad news are often paired together in jokes and in comments on new information or recentevents where there is a mixture of positive and negative aspects, eg The good news is … But the badnews is …To check something out means to examine something or someone in order to be certain that everything iscorrect, true, satisfactory or acceptable. Check this out! is an attention-getting exclamation which meanshere’s somethi ng interesting to have a look at.2 … we are all going to be either coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose garden of some localcemetery. (Para 1)Coffin is a long box in which a dead person is buried. The expression coffin dweller is a humorous way torefer to dead people.The expression trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery refers jokingly to the ashes of adead person placed in a cemetery garden where people walk on the buried ashes.Discovering yourself Unit 1133 After all, we never quite know when the hooded, scythe-carrying,bringer-of-the-last-breath mightcome-a-calling. (Para 1)The expression the hooded, scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last breath refers to the reaper, a person whoreaps or cuts corn for the harvest and is a symbol of death from medieval times of the West. A reaper ispersonified as a tall figure dressed in a black cloak with a hood covering his face and carryinga cutting tool with a long curved metal blade used for cutting, or reaping long grass or corn. The reaperbrings death or brings your last breath. The expression when the reaper arrives means when death comesto you.4 … and nothing underlines the uncertainty and absolute frailty of humanity like the untimely exit ofa friend. (Para 1)The word exit here means leaving this world or death. The word untimely means happening at a time thatis not suitable because it causes problems. An untimely death is too soon or when a person is young.5 Knowing that we are all budding crypt-kickers takes away all the uncertainty of life. (Para 3)That we are all budding crypt-kickers is a humorous way of saying that we are all potentially soon to beburied, ie dead.6 The prologue and epilogue are already typed in. All that’s left is the middle bit ... choose the meat ofthe story. (Para 3)A prologue is a piece of writing at the start of a book, or the beginning of a play, film or TV programmethat introduces a story. An epilogue is at the end of a novel, play or piece of writing, which carries an extracomme nt or extra information about what happens after the main story. Here, the writer’s point is that theprologue (birth) and epilogue (end, death) of your life are already written, but we all choose to write themiddle bit –the meat of the story.7 So, all those plans that you have on the back burner, you know, the great things you’re going to dowith your life “when the time is right”? (Para 4)A back burner is literally one of the back parts of a cooker which is used for heating or cooking food.Metaphorically, if you put something on the back burner, it means you have decided not to do it untillater. It is at the back of the cooker, just simmering or cooking slowly, so you don’t give it priority becauseit doesn’t need your full attention. The expression this back-burner stuff (Para 10) thus refers to thingswhich have low priority and get little attention.8 There’s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. (Para 5)A promissory note is a document giving details of your promise to pay someone a particularmoney by a particular date. The writer means that tomorrow, or the future, is like a promissory note forwhich you never get the cash, because the future never comes unless you act now and use time wisely, asif tomorrow is today.9 … but regret and a rear-view mirror full of “could haves”, “should haves” and “would haves”. (Para 5)A rear-view mirror is a mirror fixed to the front window of a car that lets the driver see what is happeningbehind. Here, the mirror refers to the past, which is behind us. We don’t want such a mirror full of regretsabout things we could / should / would have done, but did not do.Unit 1 Discovering yourself1410 I love watching people ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side of the bowl –like they’refilling a skip – and then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklift truck to get it back tothe table … They just know that they only have one shot at it. (Para 6)A skip is a large metal container used in the building industry for waste; it is carried away by a truckwhen it is full.A forklift truck is a vehicle that uses two long metal bars at the front for lifting and moving heavy objects.The writer is using the images of a skip and a truck to emphasize how people use the opportunity to servethemselves, because they only have one shot – they only have one chance or attempt, they can’t return formore salad in this type of buffet, so they make the most of this opportunity.11 So what I’m thinking is (and this is not molecular science) … (Para 10)It means this is not specialized knowledge. It’s not rocket science; it’s simple and straightforward.12 The right time is the cheque that’s permanently in the post, it never arrives. (Para 10) That the cheque is in the post means money has been sent, its on its way. This is often said as an excusefor late payment, so if the cheque’s permanently in the post, it means the money never comes.13 It’s the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like aspanner … She’s stoodus up. (Para 10)The expression looking like a spanner on the street corner means he looks awkward and out of place,waiting for a girl who is late and never arrives.To stand someone up means not to come to meet them when you have arranged to meet them,someone with whom you are having or starting a romantic relationship. The word us is an informal andpersonal way to include others who will recognize that this is a typical experience.14 Act now or your time will elapse and you’ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative that no one can puta name to in a dusty photo album. (Para 13)The expression you’ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative means that in the end you will be only anold half-forgotten photograph in a photo album. I can’t put a name to someone is said when you halfrecognizea person but you can’t quite remember his name.15 Better to leave a biography as thick as a whale omelette than an epitaph. (Para 14) An omelette is flat round food made by mixing eggs together and cooking them. The expression as thickas a whale means extremely thick. The writer means it is better to leave a very large biography than anepitaph, or, in other words, live a full life which is worth writing about.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Life is short. So there’s no point in planning for a future which may never come. Now is the time to dowhat we want to do. There’s no time to lose.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)Discovering yourself Unit 1153 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 About two hours elapsed before we reached the cemetery where the war dead were buried.2 I sat in the rear seat behind the driver. My three sisters were all crammed in the front.3 The entrance to the car park was blocked, so the road was full of cars which had been triple-parked oneagainst another, making it almost impossible to get past.4 We have a number of budding authors in our class this year, one of whom has written abiography of his grandmother.5 The time we have on this earth may be finite, but there are no limits to the human imagination.6 Answer the questions about the words.1 If you substantiate a claim, do you (a) prove it is true, or (b) persuade someone that it is true?2 If someone tramples over something, do they (a) pour water over it, or (b) walk all over it?3 If someone’s arrival is untimely, is it (a) at the wrong moment, or (b) late?4 If events are described chronologically, do they occur (a) in the order in which they happened, or (b) inno particular order?5 Is ingeniously likely to mean (a) artistically, or (b) cleverly?6 Is knackered an informal British word meaning (a) very relaxed, or (b) extremely tired?7 Is patently likely to mean (a) obviously, or (b) usually?8 When something is allotted to you, is it (a) given to you, or (b) taken from you?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 If you check something out, do you (a) find out, or (b) not think about it?2 If you see something from the sidelines, do you (a) take part in the action, or (b) stay away from it?3 If something is down to you, is it your (a) bad luck, or (b) responsibility?4 If you have something on the back burner, (a) will you look at it later, or (b) are you interested in itnow?5 If you are in a position to do something, are you (a) able, or (b) unable to do it?6 If time is ticking away, does it seem (a) as if it will last forever, or (b) to be passing quickly?7 If you can have one shot at something, (a) are you allowed to shoot it, or (b) do you have only onechance to do it?8 If you make the best of something, do you (a) enjoy it while you can, or (b) work hard to make it asuccess?9 If a girl stands you up, does she (a) fail to turn up for a date, or (b) refuse to sit down when you askher to?Language in useword formation: compound words1 Find more examples of each use of hyphens in the passage We are all dying .• I’ve double- and triple-checked it. (compound verb)• budding crypt-kickers (compound noun)• a rear-view mirror (compound adjective)• the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain (compound adjective)• back-burner stuff (compound adjective)• standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun)• a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to (compound adjective)2 Rewrite the phrases using compound adjectives.1 a party which is held late at night (a late-night party)2 a library which is well stocked (a well-stocked library)3 a professor who is world famous (a world-famous professor)4 some advice which is well timed (some well-timed advice)5 a population which is growing rapidly (a rapidly-growing population)6 an economy which is based on free market (a free-market economy)7 a boat trip which lasts for half an hour (a half-hour boat trip)It’s what / how … that …3 Rewrite the sentences using It’s what / how … that …1 What other people think of us is determined by how we behave.It’s how we behave that determines what other people think of us.Unit 1 Discovering yourself202 What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character.It’s what our character is that usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing.3 What we do as a career isn’t always determined by the marks we get at university.It isn’t always what marks we get at university that determine what we do as a career.4 How we react to life’s problems is often determined by our childhood experiences.It is often what we experienced in our childhood that determines how we react to life’s problems.5 When we die is determined by our genetic clock, and the changes we make to it.It’s what our genetic clock is and what changes we make to it that determine when we die.It is / was not just that … but …4 Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just th at … but …1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no one in the streets.It wasn’t just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to gaina first-classdegree.It wasn’t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a firstclassdegree.3 Not only were they not listening to what he said, it also seem ed as if they weren’t at all interested.It wasn’t just that they weren’t listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was going to burst out crying.It wasn’t just that I was up set, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also a figure of fun.It wasn’t just that the Grim Reaper was intended to frighten people, but it was also a figure of fun.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 settle When you settle somewhere you go there to stay.(a) Where is dust likely to settle in a room?On the surfaces that aren’t used very often or aren’t cleaned.(b) If you settle an argument, is the conclusion satisfactory?Yes, it is, because the disagreement is solved and each party is satisfied with the outcome. (c) If you settle the bill, what is there left to pay?Nothing, because you have paid everything that is owed.(d) What do you do when you settle back to watch a film?We relax in a comfortable chair and enjoy it.2 smooth This word can mean flat or soft, comfortable, easy or confident.(a) If the sea is smooth, are you likely to feel seasick?No, because the sea is calm. We will feel seasick if it is rough.Discovering yourself Unit 121(b) If a changeover from one government to the next is smooth, are there lots of problems? No, because the changeover has gone well, without difficulties.(c) Is it a good idea to trust a smooth talker?Not necessarily, because some people who talk confidently like that do so to trick you, like a confidence trickster or conman.3 offer This word can refer to something you would like someone to take, something someone gives, orsomething that is for sale.(a) If you decline an offer, do you say “yes” or “no”?We say “no”, because we are refusing it.(b) If you offer an apology to someone for something you have done, what do you say?We should say, “I apologize” or “I’m sorry”.(c) Where are you likely to see special offer?In a shop, because the shop is offering a special price or reduction for something.(d) If someone has a lot to offer, what kind of person are they?They are intelligent, talented, gifted or creative and they will bring these kinds of qualities to their work.4 bear If you bear something you carry or bring it. If you cannot bear something, you dislike it or cannotaccept it.(a) If you bear something in mind, do you forget it?No, we will remember it and consider it for a particular occasion in future.(b) If you bear a resemblance to someone, in what way are you like them?We look similar in certain physical features.(c) Is there anything you can’t bear to think about?I can’t bear to think too much about some of the problems in the world, famine, war, poverty etc. Inthe modern world, why don’t we just solve them?5 resistance This word can refer to the refusal to accept something new, the ability not to be harmed bysomething, or opposition to someone or something.(a) If there is resistance to an idea, do people accept it?No, not easily. They refuse to accept the idea maybe because it’s just a bad idea, or they may changetheir mind if they understand it better.(b) If the soldiers met with resistance, what happened?The soldiers met opposition from those they were fighting against.(c) Is there a way to build up your resistance to cold?Yes, we can keep ourselves as healthy as possible with a good diet and getting enough exercise sothat we are less likely to catch a cold, or if w e do get one, we won’t suffer so badly.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like thisagain, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams inApril and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so thepeer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after fiveo’clock in theafternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags undertheir eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. (☞ and guys worethe bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride … 这句的动词wear 后面带两个宾语，中Unit 1 Discovering yourself22文找不到能带这两个宾语的动词，故处理成四个中文短句；翻译like medals proving their diligence时，采用“增词法”增加“这些”来概括前面所描写的“眼袋”，“脸色苍白”，“睡眼惺忪”等，使译文含义更加清晰流畅。