第七节情态动词和虚拟语气
考点一情态动词的基本用法
1．can
(1)表示能力。需注意的是，could表示过去一般的能力，而was/were able to表示有能力而且成功地做成了某事。
However great the difficulties may be，we can overcome them.
哪怕是再大的困难我们也能克服。
The fire spread through the building very quickly，but everyone was able to get out.尽管这场大火迅速蔓延了整个大楼，但是每个人都逃了出去。
(2)表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”。
Everything can happen；everything is possible and probable.
任何事情都有可能发生，没有什么是不可能的。
(3)表示请求和允许。在问句中，could比can语气要委婉；但答语中要用can表示直截了当。
—Could I use your cell phone?
——我可以用你的手机吗？
—Of course you can.——当然可以。
(4)表示推测，常用于疑问句和否定句。
What can they be doing there?
他们可能正在那里干什么？
He can't be in the office，for the light has been turned off.他不可能在办公室，因为灯已关了。
[名师点津] can't/can never be too.../can't/can never be...enough表示“再……也不为过”。
You can never be too careful/careful enough while driving a car.开车时如何小心都不为过。
2．may
(1)表示请求、允许，此时might比may的语气更委婉。
—May/Might I play basketball this afternoon?
——今天下午我可以打篮球吗？
—No，you may not.——不，不行。
(2)表示推测意为“可能、或许”。
We may go to the cinema tonight，but we are not sure yet.我们今晚或许去看电影，但还未确定。
(3)用于祈使句中表示祝愿。
May you be happy every day and succeed in your work！祝你每天都过得开心且工作顺利！
[名师点津] “may as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。
There is nothing to do，so I may as well go to bed.
没什么事可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。
3．must
(1)表示“必须，应该”，must一般指主观，而have to指客观，表示“不得不”。
We must do everything step by step.
我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
I have to go now for I've a meeting 15 minutes later.
我必须走了，因为15分钟后有个会。
(2)表示推测，意为“一定会”，此时不能用于否定句。
He must be ill.He looks so pale.
他一定病了，他的脸色苍白。
(3)mustn't表禁止，而have to的否定式意为“不必”。
Smoking mustn't be allowed in the office.
办公室里不许吸烟。
—Must we hand in our exercise today?
——我们今天必须交作业吗？
—No，you don't have to.——不，不必今天交。
[名师点津] must表示偏执、固执，意为“偏要，硬要”。
If you must smoke，please go out.
如果你硬要吸烟，那就出去吧。
4．shall
(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，用于征求对方的意见。
Shall I buy some picture books for the children?
要我给孩子们买些图画书吗？
(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shall。
You shall do as your teacher says.
你得按你老师说的那样做。
5．should
(1)表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。此时ought to比should语气要强。
You should/ought to put more effort into your work.
你应该更加努力地工作。
(2)表示预测可能性，意为“按道理应该会”。
He left Paris in the morning.So he should arrive here by supper time.
他早上离开巴黎，因此他晚饭前应该能到这里。
[名师点津] should表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”。
It is strange that such things should happen in our school.
真奇怪，这样的事情竟然在我们学校发生了。
6．will/would
(1)表示意愿，可用于各种人称。
We will never give up working，whatever happens.
无论发生什么事，我们都不会放弃工作。
(2)表示“请求，建议”，此时would比will更委婉。
Would you come into the bar and have a drink with me? 你愿意进酒吧和我喝一杯吗 ?
[名师点津] will/would表示习惯，意为“总是，习惯于”。与used to相比，would 表示过去重复、习惯性动作；而used to则强调过去与现在的对比。
She'll listen to music，alone in her room，for hours.
她总是独自一个在房间里听音乐，一听就是几个小时。
Last year our English teacher would tell us stories in English after class.去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们用英语讲故事。
He used to spend all his money on food and drink，now he lives a simple life.
他过去把钱都花在吃喝上，现在可节省了。
7．need/dare
need和dare既可作实意动词又可作情态动词，用作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句和否定句。
He need not go if he doesn't want to.
如果他不想去，他就不必去。
How dare you say such a thing?
你竟敢说出这种话呀？
考点二“情态动词＋have done”的用法
—Wang Yaping was the second woman to be sent into space in China.
——王亚平成为第二名被送入太空的中国女性。
—She must have gone through tough training.
——她肯定受过艰苦的训练。
Mark needn't have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。
考点三虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
If I were you，I would take action right away.
如果我是你，我会立即采取行动。
If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train.如果你早点起床，你就会赶上火车了。
If you should fail，what would you do?
万一你失败了，你准备怎么办？
考点四虚拟条件的三种特殊形式
Were it Sunday tomorrow，we should go to the Great Wall.
要是明天是星期日，我们就能去长城了。
If you had prepared in advance，you wouldn't be in such an awkward position now.
如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于那么被动。
But for you，we couldn't have carried out the plan.
要不是你的话，我们(当时)无法实行那项计划。
考点五虚拟语气的其他情况
1．wish后面宾语从句的虚拟语气
我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。
2．表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句中常用“(should＋)动词原形”结构
[名师点津] 当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”；suggest表示“暗示，表明”时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once.
这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错，坚决要求马上被释放。
The girl's pale face suggested that she was ill and I suggested that she go to see the doctor at once.这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了，我建议她马上去看医生。
Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。
3．用于主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中
(1)表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的动词，构成it is＋动词的过去分词＋that ...时，that从句中的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
It is advised that the meeting (should) be put off until next week.
有人建议会议推迟到下周举行。
(2)表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的名词，如suggestion，proposal，advice，order，request等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
My request is that you (should) make an apology to your teacher.我的要求是你
向你的老师道歉。
I made a suggestion to him that he should join the club activities.我建议他应该参加该俱乐部活动。
4．用于定语从句中
It's (high/about) time (that) ...句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形(其中should不可省略)，句意为“确实到了……的时候了”。
It is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。
5．用于as if引导的从句中
表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
People treat him as if he were a dangerous person.
人们把他看作是一个危险人物。
He talks as if he had been to many countries.
他说起话来好像去过好多国家似的。
6．用于if only引导的感叹句中，其用法相当于wish后的宾语从句
He didn't pass the driving test，again.If only he had been more careful.他又没通过驾驶考试。要是他再仔细些就好了。
[本节小结]
情态动词和虚拟语气均是近几年高考重点考查的项目。对情态动词，侧重其表示推测与可能性的考查，其中考查“情态动词＋have done”结构表示对过去发生的事情的推测尤其突出。对虚拟语气的考查常与情态动词表示推测的语气混合在一起进行。因此考生在备考中要了解常见情态动词的语法特征、语义特征以及相互间的区别；准确把握情态动词表推测、判断的用法；虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用等方面。未来高考考查该类考点的有效信息会越来越隐蔽，情景会越来越生动，考查角度也会越来越综合化，因此考生要给予足够的重视。
针对训练
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．(2014·北京高考)________I have a word with you? It won't take long.
【答案】Can
2．(2014·大纲全国卷)Although you ________ find bargains in London，it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
【答案】can
3．(2014·湖南高考)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?
【答案】needn't
4．(2014·江苏高考)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food.
【答案】should
5．(2014·江西高考)Life is unpredictable；even the poorest ________ become the richest.
【答案】might
6．(2014·四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
【答案】would
7．(2014·重庆高考)I've ordered some pizza，so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
【答案】needn't
8．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Since nobody gave him any help，he ________ have done the research on his own.
【答案】must
9．(2013·四川高考)—Why are your eyes so red? You ________ have slept well last night.
—Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.
【答案】can't
10．(2013·陕西高考)My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend.
【答案】should
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．(2014·福建高考)________(be)there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
【答案】Were
2．(2014·湖南高考) If Mr Dewey ________ (be)present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
【答案】had been
3．(2014·陕西高考)We would rather our daughter ________ (stay)at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.
【答案】stayed
4．(2014·天津高考)If he ________(catch) the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.
【答案】had caught
5．(2014·浙江高考)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they ________ (come)to our help.
【答案】would have come
6．(2014·重庆高考)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do)it?
【答案】had done
7．(2014·北京高考)We ________(be)back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
【答案】would be
8．—Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ________ (not be) always late.
【答案】weren't
9．He insisted he ________ (send) to the city.
【答案】(should) be sent
10．His expression suggested that he ________ (pass) the test.
【答案】had passed
综合演练
Ⅰ.语篇填空
用适当的情态动词完成下列短文
Miss Fang 1.________ (not) read for very long with getting a headache.Her mother told her that she 2.________ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You 3.________ see a doctor as soon as possible，” she said.“You 4.________ need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5.________ see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she 6.________ not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7.________ take you at about ten to four，” the appointment clerk suggested.
“8.________ I put you down for ten to four，or 9.________ you rather come tomorrow？”
Miss Fang thought she 10.________ (not) waste any more time.The teacher 11.________ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I 12.________ make
it at ten to four.”
Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“13.________ I leave at 3：35 today? I 14.________ have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you 15.________.”
【答案】 1.couldn't 2.should 3.should 4.might
5．could 6.would 7.might 8.Shall 9.would
10．shouldn't 11.shouldn't 12.can 13.May/Can
14．must 15.can
Ⅱ.语法填空
用虚拟语气完成下列短文(每空不多于3个单词)
I am a middle school student.I have many dreams.If there 1.________(be) not so much homework，I would have more time to do what I like to do.How I wish I 2.________(listen)to my favorite music for an hour a day and 3.________(play)table tennis for an hour in the morning！It's my desire that we 4.________(hold)evening parties or 5.________(organize)some interesting activities at weekends.
I suggest that there 6.________ (be) not so many tests.You can imagine what life
7.________ (be) if I 8.________(realize) my dream.But I must face the exams.Without good marks，I 9.________(not enter) my ideal university.Anyway，it's high time that I 10.________(encourage)myself and worked hard from now on.
【答案】 1.were 2.listened 3.played 4.(should)hold 5．(should)organize 6.(should)be7.would be8.realized/should realize9.wouldn't enter 10.encouraged
情态动词与虚拟语气 (1)情态动词的基本用法：①can与be able to的区别；②must与have to的区别；③shall的用法；④should的用法；⑤used to与would的用法；⑥may与might 的用法；⑦need与dare的用法； (2)情态动词表推测：①对现在和将来情况的推测；②对过去情况的推测； (3)虚拟语气的用法：①条件从句及含蓄条件引出的虚拟语气(but for, without, otherwise等)；②wish后跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气；③if only, as if/though, would rather, It's high time后跟从句中的虚拟语气；④表示“建议，要求，命令，坚持”等词后跟从句中的虚拟语气。 注意几个考点： must“非得，偏要”, 用于疑问句或条件从句中； shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等； should“竟然” cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好” May you succeed！祝你成功！ may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如” must强调主观方面的必须否定形式是needn't/don't have to have to表示“不得不，必须”，强调客观因素所迫而必须去做的事情 would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义 ※shall的用法 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall I go out for a walk after supper? 晚饭后我可以散散步吗？ (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁，或用于正式法律、条规中。 —Will you read me a story, Mummy? —OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.[摘自2011·陕西高考] ——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？ ——好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。 ※should的用法 (1)表示一种“义务或职责”，通常理解为“应该”。 You should take the medicine with a full glass of water. 你应该用满满一杯水来服这种药。 (2)表示惊奇、赞叹、不满等情绪。 It never occurred to me that she should lie to me again. 我从来没有想到她竟然又骗我。
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会……吗？ would 可能性较will小不会、不该（较won’t弱）会……吗？（较will弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t同义）有可能吗？（较can弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may弱）可能不（较may not弱） 注意→（1）may，must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
高中英语情态动词精讲与解析 概说 助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能： 1）构成否定式： He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock. 2）构成疑问式或附加疑问式： Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you? 3）构成修辞倒装： Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 4）代替限定动词词组： A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do. 情态助动词的特征 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想： What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经） 除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征： 1）除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought
高中英语语法精讲第四章情态动词. 情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。 一、情态动词的特征和形式 二、A.情态动词的各种形式见下表： 三、情态动词 四、m ay 五、m ight 六、c an 七、c ould 八、m ust 九、h ave to 十、o ught to 十一、will 十二、would 十三、shall 十四、should 十五、need 十六、dare 十七、used to 十八、否定式 十九、may not 二十、might not 二十一、c annot/can not 二十二、c ould not 二十三、m ust not 二十四、d o not have to 二十五、o ught not to 二十六、w ill not 二十七、w ould not 二十八、s hall not 二十九、s hould not 三十、need not 三十一、d are not 三十二、u sed not to
三十三、d id not use to 三十四、简略否定式 三十五、m ayn't（老式英语，现在不常见） 三十六、m ightn't 三十七、c an't 三十八、c ouldn't 三十九、m ustn't 四十、don't have to 四十一、o ughtn't to（否定句中to可省略） 四十二、w on't 四十三、w ouldn't 四十四、s han't（只用于英国英语） 四十五、s houldn't 四十六、n eedn't 四十七、d aren't 四十八、u sedn't to 四十九、d idn't use to 五十、B．情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。五十一、1．情态动词+do 五十二、Y ou shouldn't be so careless. 你不该这样粗心大意。 Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip. 杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。 Difficulties can and must be overcome. 困难能够而且必须克服。 2．情态动词+be doing She must be listening to pop music. 她肯定在听流行音乐。 You should be reviewing your lessons. 你应该在复习功课。 My mother may/might be cooking now. 我妈妈可能正在做饭。 3．情态动词+have done They might have visited the Great Wall. 他们可能参观过长城了。
情态动词与虚拟语气 常考考点一情态动词+have done 情态动词+have done 表示对过去的虚拟
1.I have watched that movie it’ll give me horrible dreams. A.Shouldn’t ’t ’t ’t 2.Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. ’t ’t ’t ’t , Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday. -----Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. 、 ’t ’t
have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. 5. He didn’t regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. express B. would express have expressed have expressed 6. -----I’m sorry. I at you the other day. ------Forget it, I was a bit out of control myself. ’t shout ’t have shouted is my dictionary I remember I put it here yesterday. # -------You it in the wrong place. A.must put B. should have put put have put 8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. have taken have taken ’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken 9. As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning. ’t ’t ’t ’t did you do on the driving test ---------Not so well. I much better, but I was too nervous. do have done ’t have done D. should do
高考英语虚拟语气的用 法总结 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类： （1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如 Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be） 如 Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如 Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如 Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we /Let us clean our classroom, will you 5. 6.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如 If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中， If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：
高考英语情态动词讲解Newly compiled on November 23, 2020
（一）情态动词常考点 （一）表能力 如：I am starving to death。I can eat two bowls of rice now。 （现在的能力）我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。 If you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem。 （将来的能力）如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out。 （过去有能力做并且成功的做了某事）尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都能够逃出去。 I could have worked out the problem，but I didn’t。 （过去有能力做但未做）我本来可以解决这个问题，但没有解决。 （二）表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。如： Accident can happen on such rainy days。 这样的多雨天气有可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性） Peter may come with us tonight，but he isn’t sure yet。 彼得今晚可能和我们来，但他还没确定。（实际可能性，不用can） 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （1）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较
高中英语语法总结大全之情态动词 情态动词的语法特征 1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。 比较can 和be able to 1）can，could 表示能力；可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。 2）只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 注意：could不表示时态 1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 --- Could I have the television on? --- Y es, you can. / No, you can't. 2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。 比较may和might 1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。 May God bless you!
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类： （1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be） 如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟 例如：If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
百度文库版权所有，侵权必究 【11年高考】2004-2014年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：情态动词、虚拟语气 2014全国高考汇编之虚拟语气+情态动词 一（2014安徽卷）30．People are recycling many things which they away in the past. A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown 【考点】考察情态动词用法 【答案】D 【解析】句义：人们作者回收利用他们过去常常会扔掉的东西。Would have done过去常常做某事；是对过去发生的事情的推测。如果不适应情态动词，可以使用一般过去时threw。故D正确。 【举一反三】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 【答案】D 【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。 【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。 二（2014北京卷）27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should 【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析 【答案】A 【解析】本题考察的是情态动词基本意义辨析。Can能够，可能；must必须，一定；非得；shall将要；should应该；句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。根据句意可知本题使用can I…？表示询问对方是否允许。如：Can I use your dictionary?我可以使用你的字典吗？故A正确。 三（2014北京卷）34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be 【考点】考察虚拟语气 【答案】D 【解析】本题考察的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中使用“一般过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你没有把地图丢了，我们现在就会在宾馆里了。根据从句的did可知本句是与现在事实相反，故D正确。 【试题延伸】条件句的虚拟语气是考查的重点。如果过去事实相反，条件句中使用过去完成时，主句使用“情态动词+have done”;如果主句与现在事实相反，条件句中使用过去时，be动词使用were,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”；如果与将来事实相反，条件句中有三种：过去时；were to do ;should+动词原形，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”；要特别注意如果省略了if，句子要使用部分倒装的形式，把助动词，be动词，情态动词提之主语前。 【举一反三】Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live
高考英语虚拟语气知识点易错题汇编(1) 一、选择题 1．Look at the trouble you are in！_______your parents’ advice. A．If only you would have followed B．If only you followed C．If only you would follow D．If only you had followed 2．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations! -Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result. A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 3．You can download it and rewrite your report using your own words you acknowledge where you got your information by attaching a list of websites you got your information from. A．should B．may C．would D．could 4．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ. A．was not; would die B．were not; would have died C．had not been; would died D．had not been; would have died 5．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 6．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A．shall B．should C．can D．may 7．With the help of the detective Sam, Justin was found, so Justin's mother insisted an amount of money as a reward. A．to give B．on his giving C．he was given D．he be given 8．louder, all the students would hear. A．If the teacher had spoken B．If the teacher will speak C．Had the teacher spoken D．If the teacher spoke 9．It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem. A．make B．made C．to make D．will make 10．It’s high time that we against spreading false information on the Internet. A．will fight B．fought C．would fight D．fight 11．I can’t thank you more, Tony. But for your timely warning, I into great trouble yesterday. A．had got B．got C．would have got D．would get 12．_____, the student insisted that he _____ separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty. A．To avoid being affected; be B．To avoid to be affected; would be C．Avoid being affected; should be D．Avoiding to be affected; be 13．－Where are the children? The school bus is leaving.
（一） 情态动词常考点 （一） 表能力 can be able to will be able to could was/ were able to could have + ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?表示现在的能力 ：表示将来的能力 表示过去的能力 过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 如：I am starving to death 。I can eat two bowls of rice now 。 （现在的能力）我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。 If you have a good sleep ，you will be able to work out this problem 。 （将来的能力）如果你好好睡一觉，你将能够解出这道题。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out 。 （过去有能力做并且成功的做了某事）尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都能够逃出 去。 I could have worked out the problem ，but I didn ’t 。 （过去有能力做但未做）我本来可以解决这个问题，但没有解决。 （二） 表推测（可能性） 1. 可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can 一般不用于肯定句。如： Accident can happen on such rainy days 。 这样的多雨天气有可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性） Peter may come with us tonight ，but he isn ’t sure yet 。 彼得今晚可能和我们来，但他还没确定。（实际可能性，不用can ） 2. 表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （1）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较 （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may ，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can 常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。如： This can ’t/ couldn ’t be done by him 。（表不相信） 这不可能是他做的。 This may not be done by him 。（表不确定） 这可能不是他做的。 He could be on his way home now 。（could 不如may/ might 常用） 他现在可能在回家的路上。 Can this be done by him ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 这可能是他做的吗？ Mr. Bush is on time for everything 。How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony ？（表示疑惑、惊讶） 布什先生做每件事都很按时。他怎么可能在开幕仪式上迟到呢？ I didn ’t hear the phone 。I must have been asleep 。（表肯定） 我没听到电话。我肯定已经睡着了。 3. would ，could ，might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而是表示可能性弱于他们相应的现在时形式。另外should 也不一定与过去时间有关。如： This may/ might be done by him 。（后者比前者语气弱）
高中英语语法之情态动词 （一）情态动词的定义：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 （二）情态动词的特点：1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征： 1）除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。 ; We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would come and repair my television set. 2）情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：They need not have been punished so severely. 3）情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式： She dare not say what she thinks. 4）情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词： Still, she needn't have run away. 5）情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间： Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. | 6）情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be 基本助动词连用：You should have washed the wound. Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel. （三）情态动词有四类：①只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare ③可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to ⑤情态动词表猜测 （四）情态动词的基本用法 1. can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 Two eyes can see more than one. Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ ' 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。 He can′t (couldn′t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 3）表示允许。 Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？He can′t (couldn′t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 《 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? I′m afraid we couldn′t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。