西班牙语500个最常
用动词
500 most used Spanish verbs
1. abatir - to knock down, to overthrow, to throw down
2. abrasar - to burn, to set on fire
3. abrazar - to embrace, to hug; to clamp
4. abrir - to open
5. absolver - to absolve, to acquit
6. abstenerse - to abstain
7. aburrir - to annoy, to bore, to vex
8. aburrirse - to be bored, to grow tired, to grow weary
9. acabar - to finish, to end, to complete
10. acelerar - to accelerate, to speed, to hasten, to hurry
11. aceptar - to accept
12. acercar - to bring near, to place near
13. acercarse - to approach, to draw near
14. acertar - to hit the mark, to hit upon, to do (something) right, to succeed in, to guess right
15. aclamar - to acclaim, to applaud, to shout, to hail
16. aclarar - to explain, to clarify, to make clear, to rinse, to clear
17. acompa?ar - to accompany, to escort, to go with, to keep company
18. aconsejar - to advise, to counsel
19. acordar - to agree (upon)
20. acordarse - to remember
21. acostarse - to go to bed, to lie down
22. acostumbrar - to be accustomed
23. acuchillar - to knife, to cut, to flash, to cut open
24. acudir - to attend, to be present frequently, to respond (to a call), to come to the rescue
25. acusar - to accuse
26. adelantar - to advance, to keep on, to progress, to go ahead
27. adelantarse - to go forward, to go ahead, to move ahead, to take the lead
28. adivinar - to divine, to foretell, to guess
29. admirar - to admire
30. admitir - to admit, to grant, to permit
31. adoptar - to adopt
32. adorar - to adore, to worship
33. adquirir - to acquire, to get, to obtain
34. advertir - to advise, to give notice, to give warning, to take notice of, to warn
35. afeitarse - to shave oneself
36. agarrar - to grasp, to obtain, to seize, to catch, to clutch, to come upon
37. agitar - to agitate, to wave, to shake up, to stir
38. agotar - to exhaust, to use up
39. agradar - to please, to be pleasing
40. agradecer - to thank, to be thankful for
41. agrandar - to enlarge, to grow larger, to increase
42. agravar - to aggravate, to make worse
43. agregar - to add, to collect, to gather, to aggregate, to collate
44. agrupar - to group
45. aguardar - to expect, to wait for
46. ahorrar - to economize, to save
47. alcanzar - to reach, to overtake
48. alegrarse - to be glad, to rejoice
49. almorzar - to lunch, to have lunch
50. alquilar - to hire, to rent
51. alumbrar - to illuminate, to light, to enlighten
52. alumbrarse - to be (get) high, to get tipsy, to become lively (from liquor)
53. alzar - to heave, to lift, to pick up, to raise (prices)
54. amar - to love
55. a?adir - to add
56. andar - to walk
57. anunciar - to announce, to foretell, to proclaim
58. apagar - to put out (flame, fire), to extinguish, to turn off (flame, fire, light)
59. aparecer - to appear, to show up
60. aplaudir - to applaud
61. apoderarse - to take power, to take possession
62. apreciar - to appreciate, to appraise, to esteem
63. aprender - to learn
64. apresurarse - to hasten, to hurry, to rush
65. aprobar - to approve, to pass a test
66. aprovecharse - to take advantage, to avail oneself
67. apurarse - to fret, to grieve, to worry
68. arrancar - to root up (out), to pull up (out), to tear off (away), to snatch
69. arreglar - to fix, to arrange, to adjust, to regulate, to settle, to repair
70. arrojar - to fling, to hurl, to throw
71. articular - to articulate, to pronounce distinctly
72. asegurar - to assure, to affirm, to assert, to insure
73. asir - to seize, to grasp
74. asistir - to attend, to assist, to be present
75. asustarse - to be frightened, to be scared
76. atacar - to attack
77. atenerse - to rely on, to depend on
78. atraer - to attract, to allure, to charm
79. atravesar - to cross, to go through, to run through
80. atreverse - to dare, to venture
81. avanzar - to advance
82. averiguar - to find out, to inquire, to investigate
83. ayudar - to help, to aid, to assist
84. bailar - to dance
85. bajar - to lower, to let down, to come down, to go down, to descend
86. balbucear - to stammer, to hesitate in speech
87. ba?arse - to bathe oneself, to take a bath
88. barrer - to sweep, to whisk
89. bastar - to be enough, to be sufficient, to suffice
90. bautizar - to baptize, to christen
91. beber - to drink
92. bendecir - to bless, to consecrate
93. borrar - to erase, to cross out
94. bostezar - to yawn, to gape
95. botar - to fling, to cast (away), to throw (away), to launch
96. broncear - to bronze, to tan
97. bullir - to boil, to bustle, to hustle, to stir
98. burlarse - to make fun of, to poke fun at, to ridicule
99. buscar - to look for, to seek
100. caber - to be contained, to fit into
101. caer - to fall
102. caerse - to fall, to fall down, to tumble
103. calentar - to heat (up), to warm (up)
104. callarse - to be silent, to keep quiet
105. calzar - to shoe, to wear (shoes), to put on (shoes)
106. cambiar - to change
107. caminar - to walk, to move along
108. cansarse - to become tired, to become weary, to get tired 109. cantar - to sing
110. caracterizar - to characterize
111. cargar - to load, to burden
112. casarse - to get married, to marry
113. celebrar - to celebrate
114. cenar - to have supper, to eat supper
115. cepillar - to brush
116. cerrar - to close
117. certificar - to certify, to register (a letter), to attest
118. charlar - to chat, to prattle
119. chistar - to mumble, to mutter
120. chupar - to suck
121. cocinar - to cook
122. coger - to seize, to take, to grasp, to grab, to catch
123. colegir - to collect
124. colgar - to hang (up)
125. colocar - to put, to place
126. comenzar - to begin, to commence, to start
127. comer - to eat
128. componer - to compose
129. comprar - to buy, to purchase
130. comprender - to understand
131. conducir - to lead, to conduct, to drive
132. confesar - to confess
133. conocer - to know, to be acquainted with
134. conseguir - to attain, to get, to obtain
135. constituir - to constitute, to make up
136. construir - to construct, to build
137. contar - to count, to relate, to tell
138. contener - to contain, to hold
139. contestar - to answer, to reply
140. continuar - to continue
141. contribuir - to contribute
142. convencer - to convince
143. convenir - to agree, to convene
144. convertir - to convert
145. convocar - to call together, to convene, to convoke, to summon 146. corregir - to correct
147. correr - to run, to race, to flow
148. cortar - to cut, to cut off, to cut out
149. costar - to cost
150. crecer - to grow
151. creer - to believe
152. criar - to breed, to raise, to bring up (rear)
153. cruzar - to cross
154. cubrir - to cover
155. cuidarse - to take care of oneself
156. cumplir - to fulfill, to keep (a promise), to reach one's birthday (use with a?os)
157. dar - to give
158. deber - to owe, must, ought
159. decidir - to decide
160. decir - to say, to tell
161. declarar - to declare
162. dedicarse - to devote oneself
163. defender - to defend
164. dejar - to let, to permit, to allow, to leave
165. delinquir - to be delinquent, to violate the law
166. demostrar - to demonstrate, to prove
167. denunciar - to denounce
168. depender - to depend
169. derribar - to knock down, to overthrow, to tear down, to throw down
170. desayunarse - to breakfast, to have breakfast
171. descansar - to rest
172. describir - to describe, to delineate
173. descubrir - to discover
174. desear - to desire, to wish, to want
175. desempe?ar - to play (a part), to act (a part), to discharge, to perform (a duty), to take out of pawn
176. deshacer - to undo, to destroy, to take apart
177. despedirse - to take leave of, to say good-bye to
178. despegar - to detach, to unglue, to unstuck, to take off (airplane)
179. desperezarse - to stretch oneself, to stretch one's arms and legs
180. despertarse - to wake up oneself
181. destruir - to destroy
182. desvestirse - to undress oneself, to get undressed
183. detener - to stop (someone or something), to detain
184. detenerse - to stop (oneself)
185. devolver - to return (an object), to refund, to give back
186. dibujar - to design, to draw, to sketch
187. dirigir - to direct
188. disculparse - to apologize, to excuse (oneself)
189. discutir - to discuss
190. dispensar - to excuse, to dispense, to distribute, to exempt 191. distinguir - to distinguish
192. divertirse - to have a good time, to enjoy oneself
193. divorciarse - to be (get) divorced
194. doler - to ache, to pain, to hurt, to cause grief, to cause regret 195. dormir - to sleep
196. ducharse - to take a shower, to shower oneself
197. dudar - to doubt
198. echar - to cast, to fling, to hurt, to pitch, to throw
199. ejecutar - to execute, to carry out, to perform
200. ejercer - to exercise, to practice (a professional)
201. elegir - to elect, to select, to choose
202. embeber - to soak in, to soak up, to suck in, to imbibe
203. empezar - to begin, to start
204. emplear - to employ, to use
205. encender - to incite, to inflame, to kindle, to light
206. encerrar - to enclose, to lock up, to confine
207. encontrar - to meet, to encounter, to find
208. enfadarse - to become angry
209. enfermarse - to get sick, to fall sick, to become sick, to fall ill, to become ill
210. enojarse - to become angry, to get angry, to get cross
211. ense?ar - to teach, to show, to point out
212. entender - to understand
213. entrar - to enter, to go (in), to come (in)
214. entregar - to deliver, to hand over, to give
215. enunciar - to enunciate, to state
216. enviar - to send
217. envolver - to wrap up
218. equivocarse - to be mistaken
219. erguir - to raise, to stand up straight
220. errar - to err, to wander, to roam, to miss
221. escoger - to choose, to select
222. escribir - to write
223. escuchar - to listen (to)
224. esparcir - to scatter, to spread
225. esperar - to expect, to hope, to wait (for)
226. esquiar - to ski
227. establecer - to establish
228. estar - to be
229. estimar - to estimate, to esteem, to respect, to value
230. estudiar - to study
231. exigir - to demand, to urge, to require
232. explicar - to explain
233. expresar - to express
234. fabricar - to fabricate, to manufacture
235. faltar - to be lacking, to be wanting, to lack, to miss, to need 236. felicitar - to congratulate, to felicitate
237. festejar - to feast, to entertain, to celebrate
238. fiar - to confide, to trust
239. fijarse - to take notice, to pay attention, to settle
240. fingir - to feign, to pretend
241. firmar - to sign
242. formar - to form, to shape
243. fregar - to wash dishes, to scrub
244. freír - to fry
245. fumar - to smoke
246. funcionar - to function, to run (machine)
247. ganar - to earn, to gain, to win
248. gastar - to spend (money), to wear out, to waste
249. gemir - to grieve, to groan, to moan
250. gobernar - to govern, to rule
251. gozar - to enjoy
252. gritar - to shout, to scream, to shriek, to cry out
253. gru?ir - to grumble, to grunt, to growl, to creak
254. guiar - to lead, to guide
255. gustar - to be pleasing (to), to like
256. haber - to have (as an auxiliary, helping verb to form the compound tenses)
257. habitar - to inhabit, to dwell, to live, to reside
258. hablar - to talk, to speak
259. hacer - to do, to make
260. hallar - to find, to discover, to locate
261. helar - to freeze
262. heredar - to inherit
263. herir - to harm, to hurt, to wound
264. huir - to escape, to flee, to run away, to slip away
265. ignorar - to be ignorant of, not to know
266. impedir - to hinder, to impede, to prevent
267. importar - to matter, to be important
268. imprimir - to imprint, to impress, to print, to fix in the mind 269. incluir - to include, to enclose
270. indicar - to indicate, to point out
271. inducir - to induce, to influence, to persuade
272. influir - to influence
273. informarse - to inform oneself, to find out
274. inscribir - to inscribe, to record, to register
275. inscribirse - to enroll, to register
276. insistir - to insist, to persist
277. interesarse - to be interested in
278. introducir - to introduce
279. invitar - to invite
280. ir - to go
281. irse - to go away
282. jugar - to play (a game, sport)
283. juntar - to join, to unite, to connect
284. jurar - to swear, to take an oath
285. juzgar - to judge
286. lanzar - to throw, to hurl, to fling, to launch
287. lastimarse - to hurt oneself, to feel sorry for, to complain, to regret
288. lavar - to wash
289. lavarse - to wash oneself
290. leer - to read
291. levantar - to lift, to raise
292. levantarse - to get up, to rise
293. limpiar - to clean
294. limpiarse - to clean oneself
295. llamar - to call, to name
296. llamarse - to call oneself, to be named
297. llegar - to arrive
298. llenar - to fill
299. llevar - to carry (away), to take (away), to wear
300. llorar - to weep, to cry, to whine
301. llover - to rain
302. luchar - to fight, to strive, to struggle, to wrestle
303. maldecir - to curse
304. manejar - to manage, to handle, to drive, to operate (a vehicle) 305. mantener - to maintain, to keep up, to support, to provide for 306. marcar - to mark, to note, to observe
307. marchar - to walk, to march, to function (machine), to run (machine)
308. marcharse - to go away, to leave
309. matar - to kill
310. medir - to measure, to weigh, to scan (verses)
311. mejorar - to improve
312. mencionar - to mention
313. mentir - to lie, to tell a lie
314. merecer - to merit, to deserve
315. mirar - to look, to look at, to watch
316. mirarse - to look at oneself, to look at each other (uno a otro, unos a otros)
317. mojarse - to get wet, to wet oneself
318. montar - to mount, to go up, to climb, to get on, to wind (a watch)
319. morder - to bite
320. morir - to die
321. mostrar - to show, to point out
322. mover - to move, to persuade, to excite
323. mudarse - to change one's clothes, to change one's place of residence, to move
324. nacer - to be born
325. nadar - to swim
326. navegar - to navigate, to sail
327. necesitar - to need
328. negar - to deny
329. nevar - to snow
330. obedecer - to obey
331. observar - to observe
332. obtener - to obtain, to get
333. ocultarse - to hide oneself
334. ocupar - to occupy
335. ocurrir - to occur, to happen
336. ofrecer - to offer
337. oír - to hear
338. oler - to smell, to scent
339. olvidar - to forget
340. oponer - to oppose
341. ordenar - to order, to command, to put in order, to arrange 342. organizar - to organize, to arrange, to set up
343. osar - to dare, to venture
344. pagar - to pay
345. parar - to stop (someone or something)
346. pararse - to stop (oneself)
347. parecer - to seem, to appear
348. parecerse - to resemble each other, to look alike
349. partir - to leave, to depart, to divide, to split
350. pasar - to pass (by), to happen, to spend (time)
351. pasearse - to take a walk, to parade
352. pedir - to ask for, to request
353. pegar - to beat, to hit, to slap, to stick, to glue, to paste 354. peinarse - to comb one's hair
355. pensar - to think
356. percibir - to perceive
357. perder - to lose
358. perdonar - to pardon, to forgive, to excuse
359. permitir - to permit, to admit, to allow, to grant
360. pertenecer - to pertain, to appertain, to belong
361. pintar - to paint
362. pintarse - to make up (one's face), to tint, to color (one's hair, lips, etc.)
363. pisar - to tread (on), to step on, to trample
364. placer - to gratify, to humor, to please
365. platicar - to chat, to talk over, to discuss
366. poder - to be able, can
367. poner - to put, to place
368. ponerse - to put on (clothing), to become, to set (of sun) 369. poseer - to possess, to own
370. practicar - to practice
371. predecir - to predict, to forecast, to foretell
372. predicar - to preach
373. preferir - to prefer
374. preguntar - to ask, to inquire, to question
375. preocuparse - to be concerned, to worry, to be worried
376. preparar - to prepare
377. prepararse - to be prepared, to get ready, to prepare oneself 378. presentar - to present, to display, to show, to introduce
379. prestar - to lend
380. principiar - to begin
381. probar - to test, to prove, to try, to try on
382. probarse - to try on (clothes)
383. proclamar - to proclaim, to promulgate
384. producir - to produce, to cause
385. prohibir - to prohibit, to forbid
386. pronunciar - to pronounce
387. proteger - to protect
388. pulir - to polish
389. quedarse - to remain, to stay
390. quejarse - to complain, to grumble
391. quemar - to burn, to fire
392. querer - to want, to wish
393. quitarse - to take off (clothing), to remove oneself, to withdraw 394. raer - to scrape, to rub off, to erase, to wipe out
395. realizar - to realize, to carry out, to fulfill
396. recibir - to receive, to get
397. recoger - to pick (up), to gather, to harvest
398. recomendar - to recommend, to commend, to advise
399. reconocer - to recognize, to acknowledge, to be grateful for 400. recordar - to remember, to recall, to remind
401. referir - to refer, to relate
402. regalar - to give as a present, to make a present of, to give as a gift
403. regar - to water, to irrigate, to sprinkle
404. regresar - to return, to go back, to regress
405. reír - to laugh
406. reírse - to laugh
407. rellenar - to refill, to fill again, to stuff
408. remitir - to remit, to forward, to transmit
409. reparar - to mend, to repair, to notice, to observe
410. repartir - to distribute, to deal cards
411. repetir - to repeat
412. resolver - to resolve, to solve (a problem)
413. responder - to answer, to reply, to respond
414. retirar - to retire, to withdraw
415. retrasar - to delay, to retard
416. reunirse - to assemble, to get together, to meet, to gather 417. revocar - to revoke, to repeal
418. revolver - to revolve, to turn around, to turn over, to turn upside down
419. robar - to rob, to steal
420. rogar - to supplicate, to ask, to ask for, to request, to beg, to pray
421. romper - to break, to shatter, to tear
422. saber - to know, to know how
423. sacar - to take out, to get
424. sacudir - to shake, to jerk, to jolt
425. salir - to go out, to leave
426. saltar - to jump, to leap, to hop, to spring
427. saludar - to greet, to salute
428. satisfacer - to satisfy
429. secar - to dry, to wipe dry
430. secarse - to dry oneself
431. seguir - to follow, to pursue, to continue
432. se?alar - to signal, to indicate, to point out, to show
433. sentarse - to sit down
434. sentir - to feel sorry, to regret, to feel
435. sentirse - to feel (well, ill)
436. separar - to separate, to detach, to sort, to set apart
437. ser - to be
438. servir - to serve
439. socorrer - to help, to aid, to assist, to succor
440. sofocar - to choke, to smother, to suffocate, to stifle
441. soler - to be accustomed to, to be in the habit of, to have the custom of
442. sollozar - to sob, to whimper
443. someter - to subdue, to subject, to surrender, to submit 444. sonar - to ring, to echo, to resound, to sound
445. so?ar - to dream
446. sonreír - to smile
447. soplar - to blow, to blow out
448. sorprender - to surprise, to astonish
449. sospechar - to suspect
450. sostener - to sustain, to support, to maintain, to uphold 451. subir - to go up, to come up, to climb, to rise, to mount, to get
on (a train, bus, etc.)
452. subrayar - to underline, to underscore, to emphasize
453. subscribir - to subscribe, to agree with, to sign
454. suceder - to happen
455. sufrir - to suffer, to endure, to bear up, to undergo
456. sugerir - to hint, to insinuate, to suggest
457. sumergir - to submerge, to plunge, to immerse, to sink
458. suponer - to suppose, to assume
459. suprimir - to suppress, to abolish, to cancel (in mathematics), to eliminate
460. surgir - to surge, to appear, to spout, to spurt
461. suspirar - to sigh
462. ta?er - to pluck, to play (a stringed instrument)
463. telefonear - to telephone
464. telegrafiar - to telegraph, to cable
465. temblar - to tremble, to quake, to quiver, to shake, to shiver 466. temer - to fear, to dread
467. tender - to extend, to offer, to stretch, to spread out, to hang out (washing)
468. tener - to have, to hold
469. tentar - to examine by touch, to feel with the fingers, to attempt, to try
470. terminar - to end, to terminate, to finish
471. tirar - to pull, to draw, to pitch (a ball), to shoot (a gun), to throw, to fling
472. tocar - to play (a musical instrument), to touch
473. tomar - to take, to have (something to eat or to drink)
474. tostar - to toast, to tan, to roast (coffee)
475. trabajar - to work, to labor
476. traducir - to translate
477. traer - to bring
478. tratar - to try, to treat a subject
479. tropezar - to stumble, to blunder
480. unir - to connect, to unite, to join, to bind, to attach
481. usar - to use, to employ, to wear
482. utilizar - to utilize
483. vaciar - to empty
484. valer - to be worth
485. velar - to stay awake, to guard, to watch over
486. vencer - to conquer, to overcome, to defeat
487. vender - to sell
488. venir - to come
489. ver - to see
490. vestirse - to dress oneself, to get dressed
491. viajar - to travel
492. vigilar - to watch (over), to keep guard, to look out for 493. visitar - to visit
494. vivir - to live
495. volar - to fly
496. volver - to return, to go back
497. votar - to vote, to vow
498. yacer - to lie down, to be lying down, to lie in a grave 499. zumbar - to buzz, to hum, to flutter around
500. zurcir - to darn, to mend
500 most used Spanish verbs 1. abatir - to knock down, to overthrow, to throw down 2. abrasar - to burn, to set on fire 3. abrazar - to embrace, to hug; to clamp 4. abrir - to open 5. absolver - to absolve, to acquit 6. abstenerse - to abstain 7. aburrir - to annoy, to bore, to vex 8. aburrirse - to be bored, to grow tired, to grow weary 9. acabar - to finish, to end, to complete 10. acelerar - to accelerate, to speed, to hasten, to hurry 11. aceptar - to accept 12. acercar - to bring near, to place near 13. acercarse - to approach, to draw near 14. acertar - to hit the mark, to hit upon, to do (something) right, to succeed in, to guess right 15. aclamar - to acclaim, to applaud, to shout, to hail 16. aclarar - to explain, to clarify, to make clear, to rinse, to clear 17. acompa?ar - to accompany, to escort, to go with, to keep company 18. aconsejar - to advise, to counsel 19. acordar - to agree (upon) 20. acordarse - to remember 21. acostarse - to go to bed, to lie down 22. acostumbrar - to be accustomed 23. acuchillar - to knife, to cut, to flash, to cut open 24. acudir - to attend, to be present frequently, to respond (to a call), to come to the rescue 25. acusar - to accuse 26. adelantar - to advance, to keep on, to progress, to go ahead 27. adelantarse - to go forward, to go ahead, to move ahead, to take the lead 28. adivinar - to divine, to foretell, to guess 29. admirar - to admire 30. admitir - to admit, to grant, to permit 31. adoptar - to adopt 32. adorar - to adore, to worship 33. adquirir - to acquire, to get, to obtain 34. advertir - to advise, to give notice, to give warning, to take notice of, to warn
. 西班牙语动词变位总结表 陈述式modo indicativo一现在时presente 1 规则动词变位规律 Ej. trabajo trabajas trabaja trabajamos Trabajar(工作)s trabajan ítrabajais comen como comes come comemos com(Comer吃饭)és vivo vives vive vivimos viv (活;居住)Viviríviven
2 不规则动词变位规律无规律A voy vas va vamos vais van Ir(去)soy eres es somos sois son Ser(是). . Ver(看见)veo ves ve vemos veís ven Haber(有;抓住)he has ha hemos habéis han Oir(听到;听说)oigo oyes oye oímos oís oyen Reir(笑)río ríes ríe reímos reís ríen Huir(逃跑)huyo huyes huye huimos huís huyen Leer(读)leo les lee leemos leéis leen B 无规律中的小规律 a,变e为i的 Pedir(请求)pido pides pide pedimos pedís piden Se conjuga como :decir(说digo) medir(测量)vestir(给穿衣服)servir(供职) despedir(解开;抛出) impedir(阻碍)repetir (重复)rendir(使降服)querer(喜欢)seguir (跟随sigo)elegir(选择;挑选elijo) b,变e为ie的 Sentir(感觉) siento sientes siente sentimos sentís sienten Se conjuga como :mentir(撒谎)requerir(要求)convertir
西班牙语常用动词短语 preparar + n、+ para + inf、为什么事情做准备; venir + a + inf、来做某事 estar + listo + para + inf、准备好了干某事 ser + 形容词+ inf、要干什么事情怎么样 ayudar + a + alguien + {en + n、} o { a + inf、} 帮助某人干某事 estar + ocupado + en + algo 忙于干某事 deber + inf、应该干某事; preferir + inf、宁愿,更爱干某事 volver + a + inf、重新干某事; estar junto con 与某人在一起; estar junto a 靠近 desear + inf、想要干某事; acerca de 关于; apetecer + inf、/algo 渴望…; entrar + en 进入de buena calidad 质量好; sacar + de 从那里取出; hacer el favor + de + inf、请干某事acabar de + inf、刚刚结束; invitar + a + alguien + a + (país / inf、) 邀请 permitir + alguien + inf、允许某人干某事; estar + encantado + de + inf、高兴… mucho gusto + en + inf、很高兴…; de pie站着; a pie 步行 estar + lleno + de + algo 装满了…; al fondo del pasillo 走廊尽头 distinguir algo de algo 区分; arriba + de 在上面 separar en las partes / separar algo de algo 分开…; viajar + a /por 到那里旅游 subir + a 上去; apearse + de 下来; ordenar + alguien + a + inf、命令某人干某事 asistir + a 出席…; pasear + por 散步…; tener ganas + de 希望… interesar(se) + por + n、对什么感兴趣; dejar + de + inf、停止干某事 dejar + a + alguien + inf、/ + que + 虚拟让某人干某事 además de + n、/ inf、除了…; ponerse en marcha 上路; decidir + a + inf、决定
西班牙语写作中常见原形动词的短语: preparar + n. + para + inf为什么事情做准备venir + a + inf(来做某事) estar + listo + para + inf准备好了干某事 ser +形容词+ inf;要干什么事情怎么样 ayudar + a + alguien + {en + n.}o{ a + inf} 帮助某人干某事 estar + ocupado + en +algo忙于干某事 deber + inf;应该干某事preferir+inf; 令愿,更爱干某事 volver + a + inf; 重新干某事estar junto con ;和某人在一起junto + a desear + inf ; acerca de;关于 pasear + por ; apetecer + inf /algo entrar + en de buena calidad; 质量好sacar +de ;从那里取出hacer el favor + de + inf请干某事acabar de + inf ;刚刚结束invitar + a + alguien +a +(país / inf.)邀请 permitir + alguien + inf.允许某人干某事Estar + encantado + de + inf 高兴。。mucho gusto + de + inf 很高兴。。de pie站着a pie 步行 Estar + lleno + de +algo;装满了。。al fondo del pasillo; 走廊尽头 distinguir algo de algo 区分。arriba + de在上面 separar en los partes / separar algo de algo;分开。。viajar +a /por;到那里旅游apearse +de上去subir +a ;下来ordenar + alguien + a + inf;命令某人干某事asistir +a ;出席。。pasar + por ;散步。。tener ganas + de希望。。 interesar(se) + por + n. ;对什么感兴趣dejar +de +inf 停止干某事 dejar +a + alguien + inf / + que + 虚拟, 让某人干某事 además de +n. / inf;除了。。ponerse en camino; 上路decidir+a+inf;决定 tardar + tiempo + en + inf耽搁时间干某事dar vuelta / (recorrido)por+地点(;逛了一圈 en memoria de纪念; cada uno en su puesto; 各就各位asombrarse +de +algo;惊讶no es para tanto;不至于如此huir de逃离 eatar en apuro;陷入困境 tener miedo+de +inf / tener miedo + a +n.; 害怕。。merecer(se) +inf 应该得到
1.陈述式现在时 ar: -o -as -a -amos -aís -an er: -o -es -e -emos -eís -en ir: -o -es -e -imos -ís -en ser: soy eres es somos sois son 重音落在o上时o变为ue almorzar: almuerzo almuerzas almuerza almorzamos almorzáis almuerzan acostarse: acuesto acuestas acuesta acostamos acostáis acuestan dormir: duermo duermes duerme dormimos dormís duermen 重音落在e上时e变为i vestirse: visto vistes viste vestimos vestís visten efectuar: efectúo efectúas efectúa efectuamos efectuáis efectúan ir: voy vas va vamos vais van estar: estoy estás estáestamos estáis están tener: tengo tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen haber: he has ha hemos habéis han hacer: hago haces hace hacemos hacéis hacen pedir: pido pides pide pedimos pedís piden poder: puedo puedes puede podemos podéis pueden venir: vengo vienes viene venimos venís vienen saber: sésabes sabe sabemos sabéis saben conocer: conozco conoces conoce conocemos conocéis conocen querer: quiero quieres quiere queremos queréis quieren ver: veo ves ve vemos veis ven pensar: pienso piensas piensa pensamos pensáis piensan salir: salgo sales sale salimos salís salen
所谓的“命令式”其实就是英语的祈使句。法语和西语一样,句子分语式,分别是“陈述式命令式条件式虚拟式”(大致对应英语的“一般句子歧视句if条件句虚拟语气”)在各个式中又分时态,其中“陈述式”的时态会比较多。 注意命令式只针对“你你们我们您您们”这5个人称,“我他她他们她们”没有命令式形式的变位。 今天只讲归纳肯定命令式,否定命令式以后再说。 1三组规则动词的命令式变位 建议大家刚开始竖着背,现西上是以人称为准,采用的是横向分单元写法,我觉得那样太挑战记忆力了。 规则:“我们”“您”“您们” 命令式中的元音与原形动词好相反,a变成了e, e和i变成了a 2不规则动词的命令式变位 1) 你:无论动词规则与否,命令式中“你”的变位都和陈述式三单él的变位一样。comenzar:comienza(él comienza)vlover:vuelve(él vuelve) pedir:pide(él pide) 但是haber hacer poner ser tener valer decir ir salir venir例外 2)你们:无论动词规则与否,命令式中“你们”都遵从上表进行变位:原形动词最后一个字母r 改成d。 没有例外。 3)您,您们:仅限于不规则动词,先把动词变为陈述式“我”的变位,再去掉词尾“o”,然后再根据这个单词属于三种动词的哪一类,加上相应的命令式词尾。
具体例子见现西252页。大家其实根据规则一推便知,我就不一一例举了。 但是dar estar haber saber ser ir例外 4)我们:命令式中对“我们”的不规则动词变位分为四类 注:这些归类只是个大概归类,并不绝对,有可能互相重叠,有可能有特殊,所以大家还是要把所有变位都要记清楚,看到一个记住一个就OK。 A) 通常原形动词倒数第二音节是e,o,u时,按最上面表中规则来,但可能有些微词形变化pr o b ar: prob emos emp e z ar:empec emos(z变成c是因为要保持发音)j u g ar: jugu emos(g后多了一个u是为了保持发音) B)但是以ir结尾的动词:原形动词倒数第二音节是e,o时,要把e变成i,o变成u。pref e rir:pref i ramos s e ntir:s i ntamos d o rmir:d u rmamos C)陈述式Yo变位时,要把e变成i的动词, 陈述式Yo变位动词中词尾为–o,-go,-yo,-zc o的动词: 同“您,您们”的不规则动词的命令式变位,见上第3)点 p e dir: p i damos (Yo pido) Ver: Veamos (Yo ve o) Vestir: vistamos(Yo vist o) Tener: tengamos (Yo ten go) Traer: traigamos(Yo trai go)huir: huyamos (Yo hu yo) Conocer:conozcamos(Yo cono zco) D)例外:dar estar haber saber ser ir 3 命令式不规则动词变位表 包含上述所有规则中“例外”部分的词。如符合上述规则中的一条,则不列出。 同时根据上述规则1),3),4C),分别给出动词相应的陈述式Yo与él的变位,方便大家对比记忆
常用西班牙语动词发表于:2012年03月04日 22:25 0 行为、动作Condcta y acción 看ver 读leer 听escuchar 闻olfatear 吃comer 问preguntar 喝beber 吞devorar 嚼masticar 咬morder 吐vomitar 吸absolber 吹soplar 舔lamer 抓agarrar 握empu?ar 提llevar 掐cortar 夹sujetar
摸acariciar 碰encontrar 找buscar 摘recoger 撕rasgar 擦frotar 拌remover 拧torcer 折romper 划remar 雕刻tallar esculpir 脱quitarse 抖temblar 放poner 推empujar 拉tirar 搬mudar 拔arrancar sacar 抽sacar 躺acostarse 抱abrazar
切断cortar 落下caer 倒echar 捆atar amarrar 系amarrar 解开desatar 编织tejer 打开abrir 关闭cerrar 分repartir 包envolver 量、测medir 挖escavar 埋enterrar 粘pegar 捡recoger 握手estrechar lamano 拍手batir palmas 走caminar 跑correr 散步pasear
踢dar un puntapié 站estar de pie 追赶perseguir 逃跑huir 闪躲hurtar el cuerpo 乘坐en 坐sentarse 跌倒caerse 背负llevar a cuestas 休息descansar 打盹echarse un sue?o 醒despertar 穿ponerse 洗lavar 晾tender 佩戴llevar
精心整理西班牙语复习资料 一、不规则动词变位 1.Ser(:是)的现在时变位 人称变位人称变位 Yo Soy Nosotros Nosotras Somos TúEres Vosotros Vosotras Sois él ella usted Es Ellos Ellas Ustedes Son 2.Estar(:在...;表状态)的现在时变位 人称变位人称变位 Yo Estoy Nosotros Nosotras Estamos TúEstás Vosotros Vosotras Estáis él Ella Usted EstáEllos Ellas Ustedes Están 3.Hacer(:今天)只有第三人称单数(élellausted)一种形式:Hoy 4.Tener(:有,拥有)的现在时变位 人称变位人称变位 Yo Tengo Nosotros Nosotras Tenemos TúTienes Vosotros Vosotras Tenéis él Ella Usted Tiene Ellos Ellas Ustedes Tienen 5.Hacer(:做,干)的现在时变位 人称变位人称变位 Yo Hago Nosotroa Nosotras Hacemos TúHaces Vosotros Vosotras Hacéis
él Ella Usted Haces Ellos Ellas Uetedes Hacen 6.Llover(:下雨)和nevar(:下雪)只有第三人称单数的变位:llueve和nieva 7.Ir(:去)的现在时变位 人称变位人称变位 Yo Voy Nosotros Nosotras Vamos TúVas Vosotros Vosotras Vais él Ella Usted Va Ellos Ellas Ustedes Van 8.Venir(:来)的现在时变位 人称变位人称变位 Yo Vengo Nosotros Nosotras Venimos TúVienes Vosotroa Vosotras Venís él Ella Usted Viene Ellos Ellas Ustedes vienen 9.Poder(:能够,能)的现在时变位 人称变位人称变位 Yo Puedo Nosotros Nosotras Podemos TúPuedes Vosotros Vosotras Podéis él Ella Usted Puede Ellos Ellas Ustedes Pueden 10.Empezar(:开始干...事)的现在时不规则变位 人称变位人称变位 Yo Empiezo Nosotroa Nosotras Empezamos TúEmpiezas Vosotros Vosotras Empezáis él Ella Usted Empieza Ellos Ellas Ustedes Empiezan 11.Cerrar(:关闭)的现在时不规则变位 人称变位人称变位
精心整理人称代词pronombrespersonales 主格代词(主语人称代词)Pronombresujeto: 人称 单数复数 阳性阴性中性阳性阴性中性 第一人称yo nosotros nosotras 第二人称túvosotros vosotras 第三人称él ella ello ellos ellas ellos 第二人称尊称usted ustedes 主格代词在句子中间充当主语 Ello为中性词,不指称任何人或物,而是代表事物的整体,复杂的思想或概念等,与中性指示代词eso的用法很相似宾格代词(直接宾语轻读代词)Pronombreacusativo: 人称 单数复数 阳性阴性反身阳性阴性反身 第一人称me nos 第二人称te os 第三人称lo(le) la(le) le los(les) las(les) se 第二人称尊称lo(le) la(le) le los(les) las(les) se 宾格代词在句子中充当直接宾语,可以看到第二人称尊称usted的代词和对应的第三人称完全一致 在西班牙的一些地区,当代词所指代的是人的时候,使用括号中的词语,le和les本来是对应的与格代词.在这里情况下起到了宾格代词的作用,这种语法现象叫做:与格替代宾格 与格代词(间接宾语轻读代词)Pronombredativo: 人称 单数复数 一般反身一般反身 第一人称me nos 第二人称te os 第三人称le se les se 第二人称尊称le se les se 与格代词在句子中充当间接宾语,可以看到第二人称尊称usted的代词和对应的第三人称完全一致,与格代词没有性的变化 夺格代词(前置词补语人称代词)Pronombreablativo: 人称 单数复数 阳性阴性中性反身阳性阴性中性反身 第一人称mínosotros nosotras nosotros 第二人称ti vosotros vosotras vosotros 第三人称él ella ello síellos ellas ellos Sí 第二人称尊称usted síustedes Sí 在句子中作动词的直接并与或间接宾语,常与宾格代词或与格代词搭配使用,表示强调或对比。例如Amímegustacantar.(我喜欢唱歌)。Nomeimportaamí.(对于我来说不重要)。Teinvitoati.(我邀请你)。?Quétediceati?(他对你说什么?)在绝多数前置词后面,需要使用夺格代词,比如:parati(为了你),Seacercahaciamí.(他向我靠近。)Esproblemadenosotros.(这是我们的问题。)Siempreestáncontravosotros.(他们总是和你们作对。)当夺格代词跟在con(意为和,相当于英文中的with)之后时,要用其他词语取代conmí用conmigo取代,conti用contigo取代,conél,conella,conello都用consigo 取代如:Voyalcine contigo(conti).和你一起去电影院。 人称代词的用法usosdepronombre 汉语只有人称代词”你,我,他等”,而且这些代词可作主语也可作宾语.但西班牙语不同,从语音上看,代词有重读和非重读两种,而且非重读代词不能独立使用,须放在别的词的前后.根据代词在句中功能,可分为主语人称代词,宾格代词,与格代词,自
重音落在o 上时o 变为ue almorzar: almuerzo almuerzas almuerza almorzamos almorz is almuerzan acostarse: acuesto acuestas acuesta acostamos acost i i acuestan dormir: duermo duermes duerme dormimos dorm ^s duermen 重音洛在e 上时e 变为 i vestirse: visto vistes viste vestimos vestsi visten efectuar: efect ① efect a s efect s efectuamos efectu i i efect an ir: voy vas va vamos vais van estar: estoy est i est a estamos est is est n tener: tengo tienes tiene tenemos ten i e tienen haber: he has ha hemos hab e s han hacer: hago haces hace hacemos hac e s hacen pedir: pido pides pide pedimos peds piden poder: puedo puedes puede podemos pod 百s pueden venir: vengo vienes viene venimos ven s vienen saber: s e sabes sabe sabemos sab e s saben conocer: conozco conoces conoce conocemos conocis conocen querer: quiero quieres quiere queremos quer e s quieren ver: veo ves ve vemos veis ven pensar: pienso piensas piensa pensamos pens i s piensan salir: salgo sales sale salimos sal si salen volver: vuelvo vuelves vuelve volvemos volv e vuelven traer: traigo traes trae traemos tra is traen sentir: siento sientes siente sentimos sentsi sienten empezar: empiezo empiezas empieza empezamos empezdis empiezan sonar: suena suenan decir: digo dices dice decimos decs dicen doler: duele duelen corregir: corrijo corriges corrige corregimos correg si corrigen ar: -o -as -a -amos er: -o -es -e -emos ir: -o -es -e -imos ser: soy eres es somos 1■陈述式现在时 -a s -es -s sois -an -en -en son
动词变位
一.到目前为止,我们所学的时态主要包括陈述式,命令式,礼貌式,虚拟式,条件式实际只包括了三种式 (1)陈述式——包括9种时态(其中包括条件) (2)命令式——包括否定命令式,礼貌式,命令式 (3)虚拟式——包括六种,重点掌握四种 二. 下面来看看这些时态,并复习一下他们的规则变位吧。 陈述式 1. 陈述式一般现在时El presente de indicativo 2. 陈述式一般过去时el preterito de indicativo 3. 陈述式现在完成时Preterito perfecto
4. 陈述式过去未完成时el preterito imperfecto de indicativo 5. 陈述式过去完成时Preterito pluscuamperfecto 6. 陈述式一般将来时el futuro de indicativo 7. 陈述式将来完成时Futuro perfecto 8. 陈述式过去将来时(即简单条件式Condicional simple) 9. 陈述式过去将来完成时(即复合条件句Condicional compuesto) 命令式 命令式只有现在时,不存在过去和将来,但有分支。 (1)命令式:只有对你和对你们的命令 (2)礼貌式:对您,您们,还有我们 (3)否定命令式:也是虚拟式现在时的变位 虚拟式 虚拟式一般现在时el presente de subjuntivo 虚拟式现在完成时Preterito perfecto de subjuntivo 虚拟式过去未完成时el preterito imperfecto de subjuntivo(一般与简单条件式何用)
pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo oración concesiva con subjuntivo pretérito imperfecto de dujuntivo y condicional presnte de indictivo陈述式现在时 regulares规则变位 irregulares不规则变位 pronombres acusativos宾格代词 pronombres dativos与格代词 formas de decir las horas 钟点表示法. verbos pronominales代词式动词 oración subordinada temporal 时间从句 número del sustantivo en espa?ol名词的数 pronombres personales,caso nominativo主格人称代词 adjetivos posesivos átonos 非重读物主形容词 Artículo determinado定冠词 enmpleo de la preposición En前置词en的用法. Número del sustantivo名词的数 Artículo indeterminado不定冠词 Género y número del adjetivo y la conocordancia de sustantivos y adjetivos en género y número形容词的性和数及其与名词的性数一致关系. adjetivos demostrativos y pronombres demostrativos指示形容词和指示代词
动词变位表 规则动词: -ar 第一变位动词 陈述式现在时:o as a amos áis an 过去未完成式:aba abas aba ábamos abais aban 简单过去式:éaste óamos asteis aron 将来未完成式:rérás ráremos réis rán 命令式:----- a e emos ad en -er 第二变位动词 陈述式现在时:o es e emos éis en 过去未完成式:ía ías ía íamos íais ían 简单过去式:íiste ióimos isteis ieron 将来未完成式:rérás ráremos réis rán 命令式:----- e a amos ed an -ir 第三变位动词 陈述式现在时:o es e imos ís en 过去未完成式:ía ías ía íamos íais ían 简单过去式:íiste ióimos isteis ieron 将来未完成式:rérás ráremos réis rán 命令式:----- e a amos id an 不规则动词: 1. sacar (取出) 陈述式现在时:saco sacas saca sacamos sacáis sacan 过去未完成式:sacaba sacabas sacaba sacábamos sacabais sacaban 简单过去式:saquésacaste sacósacamos sacasteis sacaron 将来未完成式:sacarésacarás sacarásacaremos sacaréis sacarán 命令式:----- saca saque saquemos sacad saquen 2. pagar(付款) 陈述式现在时:pago pagas paga pagamos pagáis pagan 过去未完成式:pagaba pagabas pagaba pagabamos pagabais pagaban 简单过去式:paguépagaste pagópagamos pagasteis pagaron 将来未完成式:pagarépagarás pagarápagaremos pagaréis pagarán 命令式:----- paga paque paquemos pagad paguen 3. leer(阅读,读) 陈述式现在时:leo lees lee leemos leéis leen 过去未完成式:leía leías leía leíamos leíais leían 简单过去式:leíleiste leyóleímos leísteis leyeron 将来未完成式:leeréleerás leeráleeremos leeréis leerán 命令式:----- lee lea leamos leed lean
西班牙语:经典语法—条件式 在一些语法材料中,条件式并不是一个单独的存在的“式”,而是从属于陈述式的,这里遵循大陆大多数教材的方法,让它以一个单独的“式”的形式出现。 条件式分为2种,简单条件式(Condicional simple)和复合条件式(Condicional compuesto) 简单条件式 简单条件式规则动词的变位规则是这样的:根据动作的人称分别在动词后面追加“ía ías ía íamos íais ían”(按yo tu él nosotros vosotros ellos的顺序) 它有2种用法: 用来表示过去的将来,比如下面这个句子种的iría就是这样一种情况: El semana pasada dijo que iría a mi universidad.上个星期他说要来我的大学。 ir在decir的当时是一个将来的动作,可是decir这个动作现在本身已经成为了过去的事情,这就是所谓的过去的将来。又比如: pensaba que mi esposa compraría lo.我(那个时候)想我妻子会去买的。 婉转表达陈述式现在时 这种用法类似于英语里面should和could的用法,用来表达一种婉转客气的语气。比如下面两个句子:?Puede fumar aquí?(puede是poder的陈述式现在时变位) ?Podria fumar aquí?(podria是poder的简单条件式变位) 都是询问同样一个问题:“可以在这里抽烟么?”但是相比之下后面一句的语气更加委婉客气。 在比如下面这个句子也是如此:Tendrías comer más para engordar.你应该吃胖点。 复合条件式 复合条件式可以看作是一种条件式的完成时态,是由haber的简单条件式变位加上动词的过去分词组合成的,表达一个对过去动作而言的未来完成动作,例如:Me dijo que habría podido venir. 他告诉我应该可以来。、 西班牙语:经典语法——陈述式 陈述式用来表达真实,确定的客观事实,在这个“式”之下,又分许多时态,它们各自的使用方法如下:
西班牙语动词变位总结表 陈述式modo indicativo 一现在时presente 1 规则动词变位规律 -ar -er -ir 变位动词 尾 单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数第一人称-o -amos -o -emos -o -imos 第二人称-as -aís -es -éis -es -ís 第三人称-a -an -e -en -e -en Ej. Trabajar trabajo trabajas trabaja trabajamos trabajaís trabajan Comer como comes come comemos coméis comen Vivir vivo vives vive vivimos vivís viven 2 不规则动词变位规律 A 无规律 Ir voy vas va vamos vais van
Ser soy eres es somos sois son Ver veo ves ve vemos veís ven Haber he has ha hemos habéis han Oir oigo oyes oye oímos oís oyen Reir 37 río ríes ríe reímos reís ríen Huir 40 huyo huyes huye huimos huís huyen B 无规律中的小规律 a,变e为i的 Pedir (34)pido pides pide pedimos pedís piden Se conjuga como :medir vestir elejir servir despedir impetir repertir rendir querer Seguir (sigo)elegir (elijo) b变e为ie的 Sentir (39)siento sientes siente sentimos sentís sienten Se conjuga como :Mentir requerir convertir preferir referir divertir Venir(vengo)decir(digo) Negar(18,19)perder Tener (tengo) c变o为ue的 Contar (23,24)cuento cuentas cuenta contamos contaís cuentan Se conjuga como :almorzar costar acordar recordar
西班牙语语法总结超全
陈述式现在时Presente de indicativo 规则动词变位 -ar -er -ir -o -o -o -as -es -es -a -e -e -amos -emos -ioms -áis -éis -ís -an -en -en 如果是代词式动词,词尾变化也按上述规则,只不过要加人称代词 Lavarse(洗脸): me lavo te lavas se lava nos lavamos os laváis se lavan 有共同不规则变化的动词: 1.以-ger, -gir结尾的动词,在元音o的前面要将g改为j. coger(取,乘坐): cojo, coges, coge, cogemos, cogéis, cogen exigir(苛求): exijo, exiges, exige, exigimos, exigís, exigen *2.以–guir结尾的动词,在元音o的前面时要将gu 改为g.
distinguir(区分): distingo, distingues, distingue, distinguimos, distinguís, distinguen 3.一些动词在变位后需要加上重音符号 Enviar(派遣): envío, envías, envía, enviamos, enviáis, envían Actuar(行动): actúo, actúas, actúa, actuamos, actuáis, actúan 4.有共同不规则变化的动词 e – ie: Pensar(想): pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pensáis, piensan perder:pierdo,pierde,pierdes,pierde,perdemos,pedéis ,pierden sentir:siento,sientes,siente,sentimos,sentís,sieten cer-zco(第一人称) nacer:nazco,naces,nace,nacemos,nacéis,nacen o – ue: volver(返回): vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, volvéis, vuelven poder(能够):puedo,puedes,puede,podemos,podéis,pueden contar(讲述,