专四1997听力原文+答案详解

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One of the row numbers ①、②、③…is given for each question. Mark your answer in the same row of the answersheet.受験番号Examinee Registration Number名前 Name-- part ページ1 --問題問題ⅠⅠ＿＿＿＿＿＿のことばはどうよみますかのことばはどうよみますかのことばはどうよみますか。

１２３４１２３４からいちばんいいものをひとつからいちばんいいものをひとつえらびなさいえらびなさい。

問1・ 木の下でラジオを聞きました。

（1）．木 １．ほん ２．まど ３．と ４．き （2）．下 １．すた ２．すだ ３．した ４．しだ（3）．聞きました １．ききました ２．おきました ３．ひきました ４．あきました 問2・白いはこの中に百円のりんごが八つあります。

英语专四听力原文试题及答案2017年英语专四听力原文试题及答案读书是易事，思索是难事，但两者缺一，便全无用处。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年英语专四听力原文试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!听力原文part Ⅱ dictationsalmonevery year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. they dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. they have finished the task that nature has given them. months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. they live in the salt water from 2-7 years, until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish. when the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, they are in the best possible condition, and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.?now, you have two minutes to check through your work.part Ⅲ listening comprehensionin sections a, b and c, you will hear everything once only. listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.section a statementin this section, you will hear seven statements. at the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer thequestion.1. you must relax. don't work too hard. and do watch your drinking and smoking.2.we hadn't quite expected the committee to agree to rebuild the hospital, so we were taken aback when we got to know that it had finally agreed.3.the coach leaves the station every 20 minutes. it's 9:15 now, and you have to wait for five minutes for the next one.4.perhaps jane shouldn't have got married in the first place. no one knows what she might have been doing now, but not washing up. that's for sure!5.i happen to be working on a similar project at the moment.i am only too pleased to help you.6.the man arrived for the ceremony with patched jackets and faded jeans that the average person would save for mowing the lawn in his garden at the weekend.7.mark! here you are! this is the last place in the world i would have expected to find you.section b conversationin this section you will hear 10 short conversations between two speakers. at the end of each conversation, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.8. w: i couldn't stand this morning. my right leg went stiff.m: i'm afraid it's probably a side-effect from the drugs i put you on.9. w: how did your writing go this morning? is the book coming along alright?m: i'm not sure. i think the rest of it will be difficult to write.10. w: is there anything you can do to make the cold go away more quickly?m: no, there isn't. and a cold isn't really serious enough for a visit to a doctor.11. w: look! what have i got here!m: oh. so you did go to that bookstore!12. m: excuse me. has there been an emergency?w: oh, no sir. there's just a storm, so the plane will leave a little later this afternoon.13. w: i wish i hadn't hurt linda's feeling like that yesterday. you know i never meant to.m: the great thing about linda is that she doesn't hold any grudges. by tomorrow she'll have forgotten all about it.14. m: my grades are not bad, but not good enough. i knowi didn't study at all this semester. now i have to work very hard next semester to keep my scholarship.w: i'll see you in the library, then.15. w: i'll wear this blue jacket for the evening. i like the color on me, don't you think?m:i think it looks terrific on you-really!16. w: do you know that sam turned down that job offer bya travel agency?m: yeah. the hours were convenient, but had he accepted it, he wouldn't have been able to make ends meet.17. w: at the rate it is being used, the printer is not going to make it through the rest of the year.m: the year? it is supposed to be good for four!section c news broadcastquestions 18 and 19 are based on the following news. at the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. now listen to the news.the u.n resolution calls for greater international intelligenceand law enforcement cooperation. and it requires states to change their banking laws in order to police the global network of terrorisms financiers. it makes providing funds for terror activities a criminal offence and would freeze bank accounts of those who sponsor terrorism.questions 20 and 21 are based on the following news. at the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. now listen to the news.a police spokesman said the devices were made safe by explosive experts in the ardorn district, where a woman was shot in the leg and 13 police officers were injured during a second successive night of violence. northern ireland's police chief had earlier called on community leaders to work together to end the violence. the violence has erupted sporadically throughout a summer of sectarian tension in northern belfast.question 22 is based on the following news. at the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. now listen to the news.airlines are being hit with huge increases to ensure their planes after the terrorist attacks in the united states. goshork insurance holdings, which ensures aircraft around the world, said rates had soared as much as 10 fold since the september 11th terror attacks. airlines around the world have cut services and dismissed staff as their business has plunged in the wake of the crisis. they are also struggling with increased security costs.questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. at the end of the news item you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. now listen to the news.a pakistani lawyer said the resumption of the trial of eight foreign aid workers accused of preaching christianity inafghanistan has been put off until sunday. he had met earlier saturday with the aid workers, 2 americans, 2 australians, and 4 germans. they insist they were in afghanistan to help the poor, not to convert them. the penalty for these captured aid workers could range from expulsion to a jail term and death sentence.question 25 is based on the following news. at the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. now listen to the news.on the 20th anniversary of the first official report on aids, the head of the united nations aids program warns that the deadly disease may only be at its early stages in many parts of the world. dr. piu said the disease has already reached staggering proportions since first being identified in 1981. 58 million people worldwide have contracted the hiv virus, which causes aids, while 22 million have died from related illnesses. the un estimates the world's hiv positive population at 36 million, including 25 million in sub-saharan africa.international officials warn the disease will have disastrous political, social, and economic consequences in many developing countries.this is the end of listening comprehension.答案与详解part Ⅰ writingsection a compositionthe importance of keeping a good moodpeople in modern society live under a lot of pressure. i see three kinds of pressure working on people today: pressure from education, family and career. it is easy to blame the school for charging too much money, the family members for the heavy burden, the society for the fierce competition. i think peopleshould relax. it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.long gone are the days when people lived their life with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of activities-film, music, art, poetry. but now, a lot of people suffer from a lot of pressure. they can't communicate well with co-workers and family members, and have unbalanced, one-dimensional lives. some people complain of symptoms of stress, for instance, loss of appetite, a complete sense of exhaustion, insomnia and low morale. thus have destructive effect on their health. people tend to lose temper easily, and this may interfere personal relationship. what's more, a high rate of suicide may warn people of their emotional well-beingto be a healthy person physically and psychologically, one should keep a good mood, according to some psychology experts. those little things may seem relatively insignificant-reading mystery novels, playing volleyball, spending time with family and friends, maintaining your emotional well-being, getting plenty of rest, going fishing. they can help you keep a good mood.??section b note-writingoct. 18, 2003dear clare,thank you for inviting me to your house-warming party this weekend. but i'm afraid i couldn't go there, because i have an important business appointment on that day. i saw some pictures of your new house, which is so cozy and comfortable. i sincerely hope that you have a good day.yours,gou mingpart iii listening comprehensionsection a statement1. 答案：d【问句译文】关于听者哪一句是不对的?【试题分析】本题为细节题。

专业英语四级真题1997年(总分：130.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART Ⅰ WRITING{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：25.00)1.{{I}}Write a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students. You {{U}}either{{/U}} agree or disagree with them.{{/I}} {{B}}MORE PRESSURE FROM ACADEMIC STUDIES DOES (OR DOES NO) GOOD TO US{{/B}} {{I}}You are to write in three paragraphs. In the first paragraph, state clearly what your view is. In the second paragraph, support your view with details. In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy . Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.{{/I}}（分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：[写作要点] 1．写三段，字数150字左右。

模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！1997年专业英语四级真题一、Writing (composition)（本大题1小题．每题15.0分，共15.0分。

Write a composition of about 150-200 words on the following topic:）第1题Some of your classmates think that more pressure from academic studies is not beneficial to students. You either agree or disagree with them. MORE PRESSURE FROM ACADEMIC STUDIES DOES (OR DOES NO) GOOD TO USYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly what your view is.In the second paragraph, support your view with details.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy . Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.【正确答案】：[写作要点]1．写三段，字数150字左右。

时间35分钟。

2．第一段：针对一些同学认为增加学习压力会对学生不利的观点，明确给出自己的观点，要么同意他们的看法，要么不同意，二者只居其一。

1997年6月大学英语四级考试试题附：听力原文及参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations, At the end of each conversationa question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear :You will read : A) At the office. B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefor, "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [ A ] [B] [C] [D]1. A) Skating. B) Swimming.C) Boating and swimming. D) Boating and skating.2. A) Put her report on his desk. B) Read some papers he recommended.C) Improve some parts of her paper. D) Mail her report to the publisher.3. A) She takes it as a kind of exercise. B)She wants to save money.C) She loves doing anything that is new. D) Her office isn't very far.4. A) A shop assistant. B) A telephone operator.C) A waitress. D) A clerk.5. A) A railway porter. B) A bus conductor.C) A taxi driver. D)A postal clerk.6. A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.B) She does not agree with the man.C) Drunk drivers are not guilty.D) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.7. A) $ 1.40 B) $ 4.30 C) $ 6.40 D) $ 8.608. A) Collect papers for the man. B)Do the typing once again.C) Check the paper for typing errors. D) Read the whole newspaper.9. A) The woman does not want to go to the movies.B) The man is too tired to go to the movies.C) The woman wants to go to the movies.D) The man wants to go out for dinner.10.A) By bus B) By bike C) By taxi D) On footSection B Compound Dictation注意：听力理解的Section B节为复合式听写(Compound Dictation),题目在试卷二上。

1997年英语专业四级考试真题(Part Ⅱ)DICTA TION ［15 MIN.］(Part Ⅲ)LISTENING COMPREHENSION ［20 MIN.］SECTION A STA TEMENT1. What does the speaker mean?A. John was unhappy with his dormitory.B. John’s dormitory wasn’t full.C. John didn’t meet me at the door.D. There wasn’t any vacant room.2. What does the statement imply?A. We are sorry that we both failed.B. Mary is envious of Jane’s success.C. We are amazed by the fact.D. Jane is envious of Mary’ s success.3. The speaker thinks that ___.A. writing is his favourite courseB. he prefers other courses to compositionC. one particular course is better than writingD. he doesn’t like any course, least of writing4. What does the speaker imply?A. He didn’t finish the exercises yesterday.B. The exercises were handed in yesterday.C. He knew the exercises should be handed in today.D. He doesn’t need to hand in the exercises today.5. The speaker was ___ minutes late.A.50B. 15C.30D. 106. What does the statement mean?A. The speaker didn’t attend the exam.B. The speaker didn’t do the spelling.C. The speaker was good at spelling.D. The speaker ignored his spelling.7. According to the statement, the house is ___.A. badly builtB. noisy insideC. very dirtyD. in disorder8. David decided to take the express train because ___.A. he was in a hurry to get homeB. he did not enjoy flying at allC. he needed time to be on his ownD. he had booked a seat on the train9. The weather last weekend was ___.A. warm and dryB. cold and wetC. cool and crispD. sunny and lovelySECTION B CONVERSA TIONIn this section, you will hear seven short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following seven questions.10. Between getting up and her meeting, the woman had about ___.A. 6 hoursB. 40 minutesC. 4 hoursD. 30 minutes11. The conversation probably took place in ___.A. RomeB. ParisC. LondonD. Madrid12. What does the woman mean?A. She hasn’t read the passage.B. She doesn’t understand it either.C. She cannot read it in darkness.D. She suggests that the man read it.13. What does the woman mean?A. The job is advertised in English.B. The advertisement is in an English paper.C. She offers the man English and computer skills.D. English and computing skills are essential for the job.14. V incent solved his problem by ___.A. going directly to the bossB. talking to his parentsC. asking his mother to speak to his bossD. telling his boss’ mother about it.15. What had the woman assumed?A. They had received a broken computer.B. She knew how to repair the computer.C. The computer couldn’t be fixed.D. They’ d have to buy another one.16. The couple had previously planned to ___.A. go boatingB. play golfC. go cyclingD. play tennisSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 17 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.17. What are the attitudes of the local residents?A. They protested against detaining boat people.B. They protested against letting them stay forever.C. They urged V ietnam to accept the boat people.D. They urged Britain to accept the boat people.Questions 18 and 19 are based on the following news .At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.18. NA TO troops will join in ___.A. Cold WarB. training exercisesC. Western armiesD. Eastern armies19. Soldiers from ___ countries will participate.A. 17B. 30C. 13D.43Questions 20 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.20. Who sponsored the conference on population?A. Cairo.B. The United Nations.C. The World Bank.D. The World Health Organization.21. The current rate of annual increase in the world population is about ___.A. 9 millionB. 5.7 millionC. 90 millionD. 20 million22. Which of the following concerning the document is NOT true?A. The document will cover the next two decades.B. The document will win support from the delegates.C. The document will serve as a guideline.D. The document will be completed after the conference.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.23. The news item reported a(n) ___.A. air crashB. traffic accidentC. lorry crashD. ferry accident24. It was reported to have occurred ___.A. inside Manila’ s portB. in SingaporeC. near the Manila’s BayD. in Malaysia25. There were ___ people on board.A.30B.400C. 110D. 1201997年英语专业四级真题答案听力原文PART Ⅱ DICTA TIONLegal Age for MarriageThroughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference. The most common age without parents’ consent is eighteen for both females and males. However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage license. Both residents and nonresidents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony, but a few require the ceremony to be religious. In most states, a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from one to five days depending on the state. A three-day wait is the most common. In some states, there’s no required waiting period.PART Ⅲ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STA TEMENT1. John met me at the door and said his dormitory wasn’t full, but in fact it was.2. We just can’t get over the fact that Jane failed while Mary succeeded.3. At the moment there was no course I enjoyed more than composition.4. If I had known the exercises should be handed in today, I’d have finished them yester day.5. I woke up at 8:30, knowing that the appointment was at 9:45, but despite all my plans, I still got there at 10:00.6. If only I had paid more attention to my spelling in the examination.7. Come in, John. Please excuse the mess. We only moved in here a month ago and we’re in the middle of house decoration.8. David decided to take the overnight express train to Rome. Usually he would have gone by plane. But now he wanted to have some time on his own before he got back home.9. My students went camping last weekend. They had a wonderful time and they stayed warm and dry in spite of the weather.SECTION B CONVERSA TION10. M: Why did you get up at 6:40? I thought your meeting wasn’t until 10:30.W: I wanted to visit the park before I left. It’s the first time I’ve seen it.11. W: London is a gorgeous city. From here you can see the Palace Skies.M: Wait until we can get to Paris and Madrid. And don’t forget about Rome.12. M: Do you have any idea what the passage is about?W: I’m as much in the dark as you are.13. M: I’d like to apply for the position you have advertised in China Daily.W: A good command of English and computing is a must as far as the position is concerned. 14. W: I see that V incent is smiling again.M: Y es, he decided to speak to his boss’s mother about his problem at work rather than to go directly to his boss.15. M: We got the computer repaired last week.W: Oh, so it could be fixed.16. W: There was a storm warning on the radio this morning. Did you happen to be listening?M: No, but what a shame! I guess we’ll have to change our sailing plans. Would you rather play golf or go cycling?SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item One (17)The authorities in Hong Kong have released the second group of V ietnamese boat people from detention after V ietnam refused to accept them. The group of sixteen had been detained in 1991 when they entered Hong Kong. The release last month of more than 100 boat people in Hong Kong caused protest from local residents opposing any move to allow the boat people to stay permanently. There are still some 24,000 V ietnamese boat people in detention camps in Hong Kong.News Item Two (18-19)NA TO troops are to join their former Cold War enemies in training exercises in Poland this week. The drills which will begin on the 17th are the first major joint exercises of the Western and Eastern armies under NA TO’s partnership. Some 900 soldiers from 13 countries will take part. NA TO says it will be a good way to share peace-keeping experiences and develop a common understanding of operational procedures.News Item Three (20-22)A twenty-year action plan for cutting the rate of world population growth is expected to win wide approval today in Cairo. Delegates at the UN-sponsored conference on population complete the final talks on the plan Monday. The document is non-binding but it will serve as a guideline for countries and states that fund health care and family planning programs. The world population of 5.7 billion currently is growing at more than 90 million a year.News Item Four (23-25)In the Philippines a ferry carrying at least 400 people has sunk after an apparent collision with a cargo ship. There was no immediate report of casualties. The accident occurred at about 11:30 a. m. , local time, at the mouth of Manila Bay shortly after the ferry left the Manila port. A Philippines coast guard’s spokesman said the ferry had been hit by a 12,000 ton Singapore registered cargo vessel. Further details were not immediately available.答案与详解1．答案：D【问句译文】讲话者是什么意思？【试题分析】本题为细节题。

历年英语专四听力听写原文1993-2009英美者 英语专业网站Legal Age for Marriage (1997)Throughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference./ The most common age without parents’ consent is 18 for both females and males./ However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home state legally married./ Each state issues its own marriage license./ Both residents and non-residents are qualified for such a license./ The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state./ Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not./ Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony,but a few require the ceremony to be religious./ In most states a waiting perio d is required before the license is issued. /This period is from one to five days depending on the state. / A three-day-wait is the most common. In some states there is no required waiting period.The Railways in Britain (1998)The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000kilometers of track were built,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. /Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. / The railways also provided thousands of new jobs:/ building carriages,running the railways and repairing the tracks. / Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. /United Nations Day (1999)The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. /it is a day that belongs to everyone./ And it is celebrated in most countries of the world./ Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. /In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. /Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree./ In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN./ Some libraries exhibit children’s art works from around the world. /Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries/ or give parties where foods of other countries areserved./ No matter how the day is celebrated,/ the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN,/ and the important roles it plays in world affairs. /The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs./ In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world./What We Know About Language (2000)Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. /However, we now do know something about it./ First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort./ No human race anywhere on earth is so backward/ that it has no language of its own at all./Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language./ There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped/ but the languages they speak are by no means primitive./ In all the languages existing in the world today, /there are complexities that must have been developed for years. /Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. / Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. / And finally, we know that language changes over time, / which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. /The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead. / Characteristics of a Good Reader (2001)To improve your reading habits, /you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. /First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. / Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. / But whether he is reading a newspaper/ or a chapter in a physics text, / his reading rate is relatively fast. /He has learned to read for ideas/ rather than words one at a time. /Next, the good reader can recognize/ and understand general ideas and specific details./ Thus he is able to comprehend the material /with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest./ Finally, the good reader has in his command/several special skills, /which he can apply to reading problems/ as they occur./ For the college student,/ the most helpful of these skills/ include making use of the various aids to understanding/that most text books provide/ and skim-reading for a general survey./Disappearing Forests (2002)The world’s forests are disappearing. / As much as 1/3 of the total tree cover/ has been lost since agriculture began some 10,000years ago. / The remaining forests are home to half/ of the world’s species,/ thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. /Tropical rain forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet,/ as well as supporting at least half of the world’s species of plants and animals./These rain forests are home to millions of people. /But there are other demands on them./ For example, much has been cut for timber./An increasing amount of forest land /has been used for industrial purposes/or for agricultural development /such as crop-growing. /By the 1990’s less than half of the earth’s original rain forests remained,/ and theycontinued to disappear at an alarming rate every year./ As a result the world’s forests are now facing gradual extinction.Salmon (2003)Every year,millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers./ Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls,/ the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes./ They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs./ Then, exhausted by their journey,/ the parent salmon die./ They have finished the task that nature has given them. /Months, or years later, /the young fish start their trip to the ocean. /They live in the salt water from 2-7 years,/ until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. /Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish./ When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the a nnual trip up the rivers,/ they are in the best possible condition,/ and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.Money (2004)Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. / People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. / In the past, many different things were used as money. / People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. / The Chinese used cloth and knives. / In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. / Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. /Coins were first invented by the Chinese. /originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, / so that a piece of string could keep them together. / This made doing business much easier, / but people still found coins inconvenient to carry/ when they wanted to buy something expensive. /To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. /They began to use paper money for coins. / Now paper notes are used throughout the world.The Wrist Watch （2005）It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception/ to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposesrather than for decoration.The Internet (2006)The Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications. / Imagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors, / or imagine a research project with thousands of scientists / working around the clock forever. / This is the magic of the Internet. / Y et the Internet has the potential for good and bad. / One can find well-organized, information-rich websites. / At the same time, one can also find wastefu l websites. / Most websites are known as different Internet applications. / These include online games, chat rooms (chatrooms) and so on. / These applications have great power, too. / Sometimes the power can be so great / that young people may easily become victims to their attraction. / So we need to recognize the serio usness of the problem. / We must work together to use its power for better ends.2007 AdvertisingAdvertising has already become a very specialized activity in modern times. / In today's business world, supply is usually greater than demand./ There is great competition between manufacturers of the same kind of product,/ because they want to persuade customers to buy their particular brand./ They always have to remind their customers/ of the name and the qualities of their products by advertising./ The manufacturer advertises in newspapers and on the radio;/ he sometimes employs sales girls to distribute samples of his products; /he sometimes advertises on the internet as well./ In addition, he always has advertisements put into television programs that will accept them./ Manufacturers often spend huge sums of money on advertisements./ We buy a particular product because we think that's the best./ We usually think so because the advertisements say so,/ people often don’t ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth, /when they buy advertised products from the shops.2008 Choosing a CareerWhen students graduate from college,/ many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives /and they sometimes move from job to job,/ until they find something that suits them/ and of equally importance to which they are suited./ Others never find a job in which they are really happy. /They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. /When we choose our careers,we need to ask ourselves two questions./ First, what do we think we would like to be?/Second, what kind of people are we? /The idea, for example of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive,/ but unless we have great talent, and are willing to work very hard. /We are certain to fail in these occupations /and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. /So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search./2009 New Y ear’s EveFor many people in the west, New Y ear’s Eve is the biggest party of the year./ It’s time to get together with friends or family /and welcome in the coming year./ New Y ear’s parties can take place in different places. /Some people hold a house party; others attend street parties, /while some just go for a few drinks with their friends. /Big cities have large and spectacular fireworks displays. /There is one thing that all New Y ear’s Eve parties have in common,/ the countdown to midnight./ When the clock strikes 12, people give a loud cheer and sing songs./ It’s also popular to make a promise in the New Y ear./ This is called a New Y ear’s resolution./ Typical resolutions include giving up smoking and keeping fit./ However the promise is often broken quite quickly /and people are back into their bad habits within weeks or days./2010Freshmen’s' WeekBritain has a well-respected higher education system/ and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. / But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be confusing. /October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar./ Universities have something called Freshmen's Week for their newcomers./ It's a great opportunity to make new friends, /join lots of clubs and settle into university life./However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, /the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying./ Where do you start? And who should you make friends with? / Which clubs and society should you join?/Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you./ They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot./ So just take it all in slowly./ Don't rush into anything that you'l l regret for the next three years/英语专业四级考试听写评分标准1. 听写共分15小节；每节1分。

1997年英语专业四级考试真题CLOZE ［15 MIN.］Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your answer sheet.Unlike most sports which evolved over time from street games basketball was designed by one man to suit a particular purpose. The man was Dr. James Naismith, and his purpose was to invent a vigorous game that could be played indoors in the winter.In 1892, Naismith was an instructor at a training school, which trained physical education instructors for the YMCAs. That year the school was trying(26)___ up with a physical activity that the men could enjoy(27)___ the football and baseball seasons. None of the standard indoor activities(28)___ their interest for long. Naismith was asked to solve the problem by the school.He first tried to (29)___ some of the popular outdoor sports, but they were all too rough. The men were getting bruised from tackling each other and (30)___ hit with equipment. So, Naismith decided to invent a game that would incorporate the most common elements of outdoor team sports without having the real physical contact. Most popular sports used a ball. So he chose a soccer ball because it was soft and large enough that it(31)___ no equipment, such as a hat or a racket to hit it. Next he decide(32)___ an elevated goal, so that scoring would depend on skill and accuracy rather than on(33)___ only. His goals were two peach baskets, (34)___ to ten foothigh balconies at each end of the gym. The basic (35)___ of the game was to throw the ball into the basket. Naismith wrote rules for the game, (36)___ of which, though with some small changes, are still(37)___ effect.Basketball was an immediate success. The students (38)___ it to their friends, and the new sport quickly (39)___ on. Today, basketball is one of the most popular games(40)___ the world.26. A. to have come B. coming C. come D. to come27. A. between B. during C. when D. for28. A. roused B. held C. had D. were29. A. imitate B. adopt C. adapt D. renovate30. A. being B. to be C. been D. were31. A. requested B. used C. required D. took32. A. on B. to C. of D. with33. A. power B. strength C. force D. might34. A. fixed B. fixing C. that fixed D. which fixed35. A. methods B. rules C. way D. idea36. A. few B. much C. many D. little37. A. with B. in C. on D. for38. A. defined B. spread C. taught D. discussed39. A. went B. took C. put D. caught40. A. of B. throughout C. among D. through (Part Ⅴ)GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY ［15 MIN.］There are twenty-five sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answer in your ANSWER SHEET.41. How can I ever concentrate if you ___ continually ___ me with silly questions?A. have … interruptedB. had … interruptedC. are … InterruptingD. were … interrupting42. When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ___？A. do youB. will youC. don’ t youD. won’ t you43. He left orders that nothing ___ touched until the police arrived here.A. should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would be44. Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he ___ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.A. has workedB. worksC. has been workingD. is working45. The physicist has made a discovery, ___ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.A. I think which isB. that I think isC. which I think isD. which I think it is46. ___, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.A. Instead of his contributionsB. For all his notable contributionsC. His making notable contributionsD. However his notable contributions47. The team can handle whatever ___.A. that needs handlingB. which needs handlingC. it needs handlingD. needs to be handled48. Come and see me whenever ___.A. you are convenientB. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you49. It was as a physician that he represented himself, and he was warmly received.A. as suchB. such asC. as thatD. so that50. I have never been to London, but that is the city ___.A. where I like to visit mostB. I’d most like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. where I’d like most to visit51. I was to have made a speech if ___.A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away52. I felt that I was not yet ___ to travel abroad.A. too strongB. strong enoughC. so strongD. enough strong53. The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to ___ that it was a car.A. ensureB. examineC. verifyD. testify54. The encouraging factor is that the ___ majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.A. numerousB. vastC. mostD. massive55. The increase in student numbers ___ many problems for the universities.A. forcesB. pressesC. providesD. poses56. Please ___ from smoking until the aeroplane is airborne.A. refrainB. preventC. resistD. restrain57. Reporters and photographers alike took great ___ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.A. annoyanceB. offenceC. resentmentD. irritation58. Topics for composition should be ___ to the experiences and interests of the students.A. concernedB. dependentC. connectingD. relevant59. The novel contains some marvellously revealing ___ of rural life in the 19th century.A. glancesB. glimpsesC. glaresD. gleams60. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his ___ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.A. reactionB. commentC. impressionD. comprehension61. Picking flowers in the park is absolutely ___.A. avoidedB. prohibitedC. rejectedD. repelled62. Tony has not the least ___ of giving up his research work.A. intentionB. interestC. wishD. desire63. Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have ___ ones.A. similarB. singularC. differentD. separate64. Am I to understand that his new post ___ no responsibility with it at all?A. keepsB. supportsC. carriesD. possesses65. Animals that could not ___ themselves to the changed environment perished and those that could survived.A. changeB. adaptC. modifyD. conform (Part Ⅵ) READING COMPREHENSION ［30 MIN.］SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION［25 MIN.］In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D . Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice in your answer sheet.TEXT AUniversity teaching in the United Kingdom is very different at both undergraduate and graduate levels from that of many overseas countries.An undergraduate course consists of a series of lectures, seminars and tutorials and, in science and engineering, laboratory classes, which in total account for about 15 hours per week. Arts students may well find that their official contact with teachers is less than this average, while science and engineering students may expect to be timetabled for up to 20 hours per week. Students studying for a particular degree will take a series of lecture courses which run in parallel at a fixed time in each week and may last one academic term or the whole year. Associated with each lecture course are seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes which draw upon, analyze, illustrate or amplify, the topics presented in the lectures, lecture classes can vary in size from 20 to 200 although larger sized lectures tend to decrease as students progress into the second and third year and more options become available. Seminars and tutorials are on the whole much smaller than lecture classes and in some departments can be on a one-to-one basis (that is, one member of staff to one student).Students are normally expected to prepare work in advance for seminars and tutorials and this can take the form of researching a topic for discussion, by writing essays or by solving problems. Lectures, seminars and tutorials are all one hour in length, whilst laboratory classes usually last either 2 or 3 hours. Much emphasis is put on how to spend as much time if not more studying by themselves as being taught. In the UK it is still common for people to say that they are “reading” for a degree! Each student has a tutor whom they can consult on any matter whether academic or personal .Although the tutor will help, motivation for study is expected to come from the student.66. According to the passage, science and engineering courses seem to be more ___ than arts courses.A. motivatingB. variedC. demandingD. interesting67. Which of the following is the length of lectures or seminars or tutorials?A. 1 hour.B.2 hours.C. 3 hours.D. 15 hours.68. In British universities teaching and learning are carried out in ___.A. a variety of waysB. laboratory classesC. seminars and tutorialsD. lectures and tutorialsTEXT BWho said the only way to learn about a country you can’ t visit is by reading a book? Dan Eckberg’ s television students at Hopkins High School know better. They’re seeing countries and learning about cultures with the aid of ele ctronic communications.Using computers, satellite hookups, and telephone hotlines, Eckberg’s students have already followed a team of cyclists 11,500 miles across the continent of Africa, sat atop Mount Kilimanjaro, and sweltered in the Sahara Desert.T his winter they’ll interact with an expedition exploring Central America in search of the classic Maya culture.You can join them.How? By following Eckberg and his class as they track the adventures of Dan and Steve Buettner, two world-class bicyclists from U S A. Starting last month these two bicyclists, joined by archaeologists and a technical support team, are interacting with students via the Internet, the worldwide computer network.From classroom or home computer, students can make research proposals to the Buettners or the archaeologists at the various Central American locations they’ve been exploring as part of their Maya Quest expedition.“We hope that someone will ask a question that can’ t readily be answered,” says Hopkins High School student Barry Anderson, “and through the online activities, an answer will be found—a discovery”.Having students “discover” why a civilization as advanced as the Maya collapsed in the 9th century is one key goal for the le aders of the Maya Quest expedition. The more important goal is using interactive learning to discover the cause of the decline and compare it to issues we face today—natural disasters, environmental problems, and war.Ten lesson plans—on topics ranging from the Maya language to the Maya creation myth—have been developed for the interactive expedition.“Through a combination of live call-in television and the Internet, ”says Eckberg, “we’re hoping to build excitement and engagement in learning in our school.”69. Dan Eckberg and his students learn about Africa by ___.A. reading booksB. watching video tapesC. interacting via the InternetD. cycling 11,500 miles70. Which of the following activities is NOT involved in Dan Eckberg and his students’ expedition?A. Going to visit various Central American locations.B. Getting information through electronic communications.C. Discussing different topics on the Maya civilization.D. Forming research, proposals and discovering the answers.TEXT CMost earthquakes occ ur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an Erector set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past.There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides. ) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbours, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them “tsunamis”, meaning “harhour waves” , because they reach a sizable height only in harbours.Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave.71. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth.B. Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year.C. Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles.D. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces.72. The destruction of Agadir is an example of ___.A. faulty building constructionB. an earthquake’s strengthC. widespread panic in earthquakesD. ineffective instruments73. The United Nations’ experts are supposed to ___.A. construct strong buildingsB. put forward proposalsC. detect disastrous earthquakesD. monitor earthquakes74. The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may ___.A. notice them out at seaB. find ways to stop themC. be warned early enoughD. develop warning systemsTEXT DOne of the good things for men in women’s liberation is that men no longer have to pay w omen the old-fashioned courtesies.In an article on the new manners, Ms. Holmes says that a perfectly able woman no longer has to act helplessly in public as if she were a model. For example, she doesn’t need help getting in and out of cars, “Women get i n and out of cars twenty times a day with babies and dogs. Surely they can get out by themselves at night just as easily.”She also says there is no reason why a man should walk on the outside of a woman on the sidewalk. “Historically, the man walk ed on the inside so he caught the garbage thrown out of a window. Today a man is supposed to walk on the outside. A man should walk where he wants to. So should a woman. If, out of love and respect, he actually wants to take the blows, he should walk on the inside—because that’s where attackers are all hiding these days.”As far as manners are concerned, I suppose I have always been a supporter of women’ s liberation. Over the years, out of a se nse of respect, I imagine, I have refused to trouble women with outdated courtesies.It is usually easier to follow rules of social behaviour than to depend on one’s own taste. But rules may be safely broken, o f course, by those of us with the gift of natural grace. For example, when a man and woman are led to their table in a restaurant and the waiter pulls out a chair, the woman is expected to sit in the chair. That is according to Ms. Ann Clark. I have always done it the other way, according to my wife.It came up only the other night. I followed the hostess to the table, and when she pulled the chair out I sat on it, quite naturally, since it happened to be the chair I wanted to sit in.“Well,” my wife said, when the hostess had gone, “you did it again.”“Did what?” I asked, utterly confused.“Took the chair.”Act ually., since I’ d walked through the restaurant ahead of my wife , it would have been awkward, I should think, not to have t aken the chair. I had got there first, after all.Also, it has always been my custom to get in a car first, and let the woman get in by herself. This is a courtesy I insist on as the stronger sex, out of love and respect. In times like these, there might be attackers hidden about. It would be unsuitable to put a woman in a car and then shut the door on her, leaving her at the mercy of some bad fellow who might be hiding in the back seat.75. It can be concluded from the passage that ___.A. men should walk on the inside of a sidewalkB. women are becoming more capable than beforeC. in women’s liberation men are also liberatedD. it’ s safe to break rules of social behaviour76. The author was “utterly confused” because he ___.A. took the chair out of habitB. was trying to be politeC. was slow in understandingD. had forgotten what he did77. He “took the chair” for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ___. A. he got to the chair first B. he happened to like the seatC. his wife ordered him to do soD. he’ d walked ahead of his wife78. The author always gets in a car before a woman because he ___.A. wants to protect herB. doesn’t need to help herC. chooses to be impolite to herD. fears attacks on him79. The author is ___ about the whole question of manners and women’s liberation.A. jokingB. satiricalC. seriousD. critical80. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. Manners ought to be thrown away altogether.B. In manners one should follow his own judgment.C. Women no longer need to be helped in public.D. Men are not expected to be courteous to women.SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ［5 MIN.］In this section there are six passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan the passages as requ ired and then mark your answers in your answer sheet.TEXT EFirst read the f o llowing question.81. The author’s general attitude towards the reduction in the university budget is ___.A. highly criticalB. fitly supportiveC. somewhat appreciativeD. not clearNow skim the passage below and answer the question.15th April, 199〖CD#1〗Sir,I fully understand the opposition expressed by my colleagues to the reduction in the university budget. Nevertheless one is forced to recognize that in times of financial difficulty the university has a duty to decide where money can be saved. I believe, however, that it would be wrong for the university to make the same cuts in all departments without considering national priorities. May I suggest that there are some departments which must continue to be financed at existing levels if these are to produce the fully trained professionals which the country needs. Surely it is a national priority to train competent teachers, scientists, engineers and doctors. If there have to be cuts this year, the relevant departments should not face the same reduction as other departments in the university.Yours sincerely,Harry YoungHead of Department of Mechanical EngineeringTEXT FFirst read the following question.82. The general idea of the passage is that ___.A. doctors can produce magicB. medicine has magic powerC. modern medicine can cure all illnessesD. a healthy mind is also a cure for illness.Now skim the passage and answer the question.For more than five thousand years Chinese doctors have used needles to fight illness. This kind of medicine is called acupuncture. The doctor studies the sick person carefully. Then he puts needles into that person’s body at the right places for his illnes s. Chinese doctors believe that they can control the body’s natural for ces in this way. At first, doctors in the West thought that this was just another kind of magic. Recently, however, they have found out that it is possible to cure many illnesses like this because the needles help the body to produce its own “medicines”. I n this way the body cures itself.Nowadays doctors can do a lot of wonderful things. They can use thousands of medicines. They can give you pills and injections. They can even give you mechanical legs or a new heart. Sometimes modern medicine works like magic. But there are still a lot of illnesses that drugs and medicines cannot cure completely. Medicine is not only a science; it is an art, too. And in the art of medicine, the mind is very important. You will not have a healthy body unless you have a healthy mind.TEXT GFirst read the following question.83. The passage informs you how to ___.A. complain about your credit cardB. apply for a credit cardC. report the loss of a credit cardD. pay for your credit cardNow skim the passage and answer the question.Our system for sorting out anything to do with credit cards is as thorough as that for any other problem. However, they are dealt with by a separate part of the bank.To begin with, please detail your complaint in writing to: The Senior Manager, Card Services, Essex House, Southchurch Avenue, Southend-on-Sea, ESSEX SM99 4PL.We will do our best to reach an agreement with you. Please note that if your problem concerns your Bank Payment Card, you should contact your local branch. TEXT HFirst read the following questions.84. By 1965 HMS Belfast had been in service for ___ years.A.38B.33C.25D.2785. The warship is now being used as a ___.A. training centreB. museumC. cargo shipD. hotelNow scan the passage and answer the questions.HMS Belfast is a cruiser. She was launched in March 1938 and served throughout the Second World War, playing a leading part in the destruction of the German battle cruiser Seharnhorst at the Battle of North Cape and in the Normandy Landings. After the war, she supported United Nations forces in Korea and remained in service with the Royal Navy until 1965.In 1971 she was saved for the nation as a unique and historic reminder of Britain’s naval heritage in the first half of the 20th century.A free guide leaflet is available to help you find your way around this huge and complex warship and your tour will take you from the ship’s Quarterdeck up to the top of her Bridge and all the way down through seven decks to her massive Boiler and Engine Room s, well below the ship’s waterline.TEXT IFirst read the following questions.86. The advertised position is for a(n) ___.A. office managerB. legal traineeC. office assistantD. legal secretary87. Which of the following is NOT essential for the position?A. Legal secretarial training.B. Experience in organizational work.C. Experience in real estate.D. Proficiency in data processing.Now scan the passage and answer the questions.JOB ADVERTISEMENTOur legal department requires a mature, competent secretary who will report to one senior lawyer and one assistant lawyer. The successful candidate will have a solid background in organizational work, advanced skill in shorthand and data processing, combined with at least two to three years of legal secretarial training. Some experience in real estate could be an asset. Sun Life offers excellent opportunities for personal advancement. Salary will be in accord with qualifications, beginning at a minimum of $ 2 000 per month. A superior benefit package and an attractive incentive programme are included. Begin at once. Interviews will be held Monday through Friday, April 14th to 18th. Applicants are requested to mail detailed resumes to:Sun Life Insurance CompanyP. O. Box 650Windsor, Ontario M60 3S8TEXT JFirst read the following questions.88. Who is John Bird?A. A fireman.B. A priest.C. A policeman.D. Jenny’ s boyfriend.89. How long did the priest and policeman talk to Jenny?A. 25 minutes.B. 5 hours.C. 6 hours.D. 30 minutes.90. How was the girl saved?A. She was caught halfway before falling on the ground.B. She was persuaded by the priest and the policeman.C. Her boyfriend came and talked her out of it.D. She herself finally decided against suicide.Now scan the passage and answer the questions.HARNESSJohn Bird was being hailed as a spiderman hero last night.John, a fireman, leaped from the roof of an apartment block to save a lovesick woman who had jumped out of her fifth-floor window.It was the kind of action that normally belongs to the pages of the cartoon character. John, wearing a harness and line, actually caught 25-year-old Jenny Goodman before she hit the ground.Jenny had been leaning out of the window for several hours threatening to jump. “My lover has left me,” she shouted. “I’m alo ne with a smal l baby, and I’ve lost my job.”As a priest and policeman talked to her through loudhailers from the street, John and his colleague quietly made their way up the stairs of the six-storey building to the roof.John put on his harness and attached it to a p illar. Then he leaned over a low wall to listen to the woman’s threats.After five hours of fruitless chatting with the priest and the police, the woman climbed out on to the window sill.John was watching her every movement. Then she jumped to what would have been her death. The fireman jumped too.Heavier than Jenny, he fell faster. By the time she was level with the 2nd floor—and only 30ft from the ground—he grabbed her. John said, “We were swinging in space. Luckily she was so surprised that she did not try to pull herself from grasp.”As the police raced to the roof, the other fireman hauled them up to safety.Later Jenny said, “I must have been out of my mind.”答案：PART ⅣCLOZE短文大意：这篇文章讲述的是篮球运动的发明过程。

1997听力原文PART ⅡDICTATIONLegal Age for MarriageThroughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference. The most common age without parents’ consent is eighteen for both females and males. However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage license. Both residents and nonresidents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony, but a few require th e ceremony to be religious. In most states, a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from one to five days depending on the state. A three-day wait is the most common. In some states, there’s no required waiting period.PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STATEMENT1. John met me at the door and said his dormitory wasn’t full, but in fact it was.2. We just can’t get over the fact that Jane failed while Mary succeeded.3. At the moment there was no course I enjoyed more than composition.4. If I had known the exercises should be handed in t oday, I’d have finished them yester day.5. I woke up at 8:30, knowing that the appointment was at 9:45, but despite all my plans,I still got there at 10:00.6. If only I had paid more attention to my spelling in the examination.7. Come in, John. Pleas e excuse the mess. We only moved in here a month ago and we’re in the middle of house decoration.8. David decided to take the overnight express train to Rome. Usually he would have gone by plane. But now he wanted to have some time on his own before he got back home.9. My students went camping last weekend. They had a wonderful time and they stayed warm and dry in spite of the weather.SECTION B CONVERSATION10. M: Why did you get up at 6:40? I thought your meeting wasn’t until 10:30.W: I wanted t o visit the park before I left. It’s the first time I’ve seen it.11. W: London is a gorgeous city. From here you can see the Palace Skies.M: Wait until we can get to Paris and Madrid. And don’t forget about Rome.12. M: Do you have any idea what the passage is about?W: I’m as much in the dark as you are.13. M: I’d like to apply for the position you have advertised in China Daily.W: A good command of English and computing is a must as far as the position is conce rned.14. W: I see that Vincent is smiling again.M: Yes, he decided to speak to his boss’s mother about his problem at work rather than to go directly to his boss.15. M: We got the computer repaired last week.W: Oh, so it could be fixed.16. W: There was a storm warning on the radio this morning. Did you happen to be liste ning?M: No, but what a shame! I guess we’ll have to change our sailing plans. Would you rat her play golf or go cycling?SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item One (17)The authorities in Hong Kong have released the second group of Vietnamese boat people from detention after Vietnam refused to accept them. The group of sixteen had been detai ned in 1991 when they entered Hong Kong. The release last month of more than 100 bo at people in Hong Kong caused protest from local residents opposing any move to allow the boat people to stay permanently. There are still some 24,000 Vietnamese boat people i n detention camps in Hong Kong.News Item Two (18-19)NATO troops are to join their former Cold War enemies in training exercises in Poland t his week. The drills which will begin on the 17th are the first major joint exercises of th e Western and Eastern armies under NATO’s partnership.Some 900 soldiers from 13 cou ntries will take part. NATO says it will be a good way to share peace-keeping experience s and develop a common understanding of operational procedures.News Item Three (20-22)A twenty-year action plan for cutting the rate of world population growth is expected to win wide approval today in Cairo. Delegates at the UN-sponsored conference on populatio n complete the final talks on the plan Monday. The document is non-binding but it will s erve as a guideline for countries and states that fund health care and family planning prog rams. The world population of 5.7 billion currently is growing at more than 90 million a year.News Item Four (23-25)In the Philippines a ferry carrying at least 400 people has sunk after an apparent collision with a cargo ship. There was no immediate report of casualties. The accident occurred at about 11:30 a. m. , local time, at the mouth of Manila Bay shortly after the ferry left t he Manila port. A Philippines coast guard’s spokesman said the ferry had been hit by a 1 2,000 ton Singapore registered cargo vessel. Further details were not immediately available.〖LL〗答案与详解PART I WRITINGSECTION A［参考范文］More Pressure From Academic Studies Does No Good To UsNowadays, we may often hear people around us complain that they are under great pressu re in their daily life. It is true that no pressure, no motivation. But, how about much mor e pressure? Different people have different views of point. As for me, I firmly think too much pressure in essence prevents people from achieving academic accomplishment rather than do good to us.The causes are obvious. Firstly, in our opening society, people have to acquaint with a va st number of new things so as to obtain better lives, which request them transfering more times from academic studies to other fields, lessening their academic pressure. Secondly, more pressure from academic studies will make people produce mental problems such as s tress and qualm, in the long run, which will make academic studies become impossible. Therefore in my opinion, those who would achieve academic accomplishment must not be given more pressure. It is a good academic air that does good to us.SECTION B［参考范文］Dear Victoria,We write to apologize for having unintentionally neglected to invite you, our close friend, to show up our party. As you know, we take on an emergent task when the party is co ming. So we trust the invitation issue to our only relative who doesn’t know you.We sincerely hope that this does no harm to our friendship.Sincerely yours,PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STATEMENT1．答案：D【问句译文】讲话者是什么意思？【试题分析】本题为细节题。

1997年专四阅读-- old-fashioned courtesiesTEXT DOne of the good things for men in women's liberation is that men no longer have to pay women the old-fashioned courtesies.In an article on the new manners, Ms. Holmes says that a perfectly able woman no longer has to act helplessly in public as if she were a model. For example, she doesn't need help getting in and out of cars, “Women get in and out of cars twenty times a day with babies and dogs. Surely they can get out by themselves at night just as easily.”She also says there is no reason why a man should walk on the outside of a woman on the sidewalk. “Historically, the man walked on the inside so he caught the garbage thrown out of a window. Today a man is supposed to walk on the outside. A man should walk where he wants to. So should a woman. If, out of love and respect, he actually wants to take the blows, he should walk on the inside –because that's where attackers are all hiding these days.”As far as manners are concerned, I suppose I have always been a supporter of women's liberation. Over the years, out of a sense of respect, I imagine, I have refused to trouble women with outdated courtesies.It is usually easier to follow rules of social behaviour than to depend on one's own taste. But rules may be safely broken, of course, by those of us with the gift of natural grace. For example, when a man and woman are led to their table in a restaurant and the waiter pulls out a chair, the woman is expected to sit in the chair. That is according to Ms. Ann Clark. I have always done it the other way, according to my wife.It came up only the other night. I followed the hostess to the table, and when she pulled the chair out I sat on it, quite naturally, since it happened to be the chair I wanted to sit in.“Well,”my wife said, when the hostess had gone, “you did it again.”“Did what?”I asked, utterly confused.“Took the chair.”Actually., since I' d walked through the restaurant ahead of my wife, it would have been awkward, I should think, not to have taken the chair. I had got there first, after all.Also, it has always been my custom to get in a car first, and let the woman get in by herself. This is a courtesy I insist on as the stronger sex, out of love and respect. In times like these, there might be attackers hidden about. It would be unsuitable to put a woman in a car and then shut the door on her, leaving her at the mercy of some bad fellow who might be hiding in the back seat.75. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.A. men should walk on the inside of a sidewalkB. women are becoming more capable than beforeC. in women's liberation men are also liberatedD. it's safe to break rules of social behaviour76. The author was “utterly confused”because he ________.A. took the chair out of habitB. was trying to be politeC. was slow in understandingD. had forgotten what he did77. He “took the chair”for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.A. he got to the chair firstB. he happened to like the seatC. his wife ordered him to do soD. he' d walked ahead of his wife78. The author always gets in a car before a woman because he ________.A. wants to protect herB. doesn't need to help herC. chooses to be impolite to herD. fears attacks on him79. The author is ________ about the whole question of manners and women's liberation.A. jokingB. satiricalC. seriousD. critical80. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. Manners ought to be thrown away altogether.B. In manners one should follow his own judgment.C. Women no longer need to be helped in public.D. Men are not expected to be courteous to women.解析：本文主要讲述了妇女解放运动所引发的男性解放，以及作者在“什么是真正的礼貌”这一问题上的看法和处事方法。

2019 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationSlangWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place 格格不入; 不相称; 不适当; in formal writing because of a number of drawbacks. They go out of date quickly and become tiresome 讨厌的; 令人厌烦的; 烦人的if used too much. And they may communicate clearly to some readers, but not to others. In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.2018 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationEmotional reaction to musicNo matter who you are, where you live, or what your cultural background is, people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. This is not because they can’t experience pleasure at all. They don’t have trouble hearing music properly either. Instead they are just indifferent to music. Researchers have conducted studies to find out why some people have no emotional reaction to music. However, despite their efforts, the mystery remains.2017 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationLearning sympathyA big part of being human is feeling sympathy. But how early on in our lives do we learn this? Scientist find that babies respond to other people by crying when other babies cry. However, babies cannot distinguish between themselves and others until they are 18 to 20 months old. Toddlers start to show concerns about other around this time. Kids also begin to do things like comforting other people. And by the time they are three, most children would try to protect a victim in a fight. toddler英[ˈtɒdlə(r)] n.学步的儿童; 刚学会走路的孩子2016 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationThink positive and feel positiveAre you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? Do you react positively or negatively? The answer may depend in part on whom you are around. A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases. For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking. It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. Students with a negative-thinking roommate became more depressed themselves. And students with more positive-thinking roommates were more likely to be become more positive as well.2015 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationMale and female roles in marriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. The woman stayed at home to care for her children and her husband. In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. Some people are happy with it, but others think differently. There are two major differences in male and female roles now. One is that both men and women have many more choices. They may choose to marry or stay single. They may choose to work or just stay at home.2014 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationLimiting the growth of technologyThroughout history, man has changed his physical environment to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology, man has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodland into farmland. He has modified the face of the earth by cutting through mountains to build roads and railways. However, these changes in the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Pollution of the air and water is the danger to the health of the planet. It is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.2013 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationWhat are dreams for?One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires. We do not express these desires in real life because of the rules of polite society. Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we cannot solve in real life. We go to sleep with the problem and wake up with the solution. This may be a way to use our dreams rather than a purpose of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important, then analyzing them may help you to focus on the problem. The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk.2012 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationEco-tourismNowadays, many of us try to live in a way that would damage the environment as little as possible. This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. There are lots of names for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more. Most people agree that these new forms of tourism should do the following: first they should conserve the wildlife and culture of the area; second they should benefit the local people; third they should make a profit without destroying natural resources; and finally they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay for.2011 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationBritish holidaying habitsIn the late 1970s, air travel became affordable for the average family in the UK and more people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays. After all, the British weather was not very good even in summer. So, a lot of people left the country for a vacation. In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average. As a result, they started to go abroad in groups to places such as Spain and Greece. Once they arrived at their destination, they met with other groups of young people and had a long party. British holidaying habits have begun to change however. Climate change means that the UK now has a hotter climate. So, people do not need to go overseas to find good weather. Also going abroad is more expensive. As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holidays in the UK.2010 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationFreshmen’s weekBritain has a well-respected 备受尊重的;受人尊敬的higher education system and some of thetop universities and research institutions 研究机构in the world. But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be confusing 难以理解的; 不清楚的. October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar 校历. Universities have something called freshmen’s week for their newcomers. It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs, and settle into university life. However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the p rospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying 令人担忧的; 令人发愁的. Where do you start and who should you make friends with? Which clubs and societies should you join? Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you. They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot 有好的开始. So just take it all in slowly. Do not rush into anything that you will regret for the next three years.2009 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationNew Year’s EveFor many people in the West, New Year’s Eve is the biggest party 聚会of the year. It’s a time to get together with friends or family and welcome in the coming year 迎接新年,欢庆新春. There is one thing common that all New Year’s Eve parties have in common: the count-down to mid-night 午夜倒计时. When the clock strives twelve, people give a loud cheer and sing songs. It’s also popular to make a promise in new year. This is called a new year’s resolution 新年计划. Typical resolutions include giving up smoking and keeping fit. However, the promise is often broken quite quickly. And people are back to their bad habits within weeks or days.2008 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationChoosing a careerWhen students graduate from college, many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives, and they sometimes move from job to job, until they find something that suits them and of equal importance to which they are suited. Others never find a job in which they are really happy. They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes 格格不入. When we choose our careers, we need to ask ourselves two questions. First, what do we think we would like to be? Second, what kind of people are we? The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive, but unless we have great talent and are willing to work very hard, we are certain to fail in these occupations, and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. So, it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search.2007 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationAdvertisingAdvertising has already become a very specialized activity in modern times. In today’s business world, supply is usually greater than demand. There is great competition between manufacturers of the same kind of product because they want to persuade customers to buy their particular brand. They always have to remind their customers of the name and qualities of their products by advertising. The manufacturer advertises in newspapers and on the radio. He sometimes employs sales-girls to distribute samples of his product. He sometimes advertises on the internet as well. In addition, he always has advertisements put into television programs that will accept them. Manufacturers often spend huge sums of money on advertisements. We buy a particular product because we think that is the best. We usually think so because the advertisements say so. Peopleoften don’t ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth when they buy advertised products from shops.2006 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationThe InternetThe Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications. Imagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors, or imagine a research project with thousands of scientists working around the clock forever. This is the magic of the Internet. Yet the Internet has potential for good and bad. One can find well-organized information-rich websites. At the same time, one can also find wasteful websites. Most websites are known as different Internet applications. These include online games, chat rooms and so on. These applications have great power, too. Sometimes, the power can be so great that young people may easily become victims to their attraction. So we need to recognize the seriousness of the problem. We must work together to use its power for better ends.2005 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationThe wrist watchIt is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception to the normal sequence in the evolution of man’s jewelry. Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women and then adopted by men. In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. Until world war I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters (企图通过跟有钱人结婚) 猎财的人，攀龙附凤的人. Then army officers discovered that wrist watch was most practical for active combat. Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches. And pilot found them the mo st useful while flying. Soon men dare to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious 害羞的，不自然的. By 1924, some 30% of man’s watches were worn on the wrist. Today the figure is 90%. And they are now worn by both men and women for practical purposes rather than for decoration.2004 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationMoneyMoney is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes, and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant t usks and salt were used. Even today some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing business much easier. But people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with a solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world.2003 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationSalmonEvery year, millions of salmon swim fro m the ocean into mouths of the rivers 河口; 河口区and steadily out of the rivers. Passing through waters around the rocks and waterfalls, the fish finallyreach their original streams or lakes. They dig up nests in the river bed and lay their eggs. Then exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has given them. Months or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water from 2 to 7 years until they too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps men provide himself with a basic food fish. When the adult salmon gather a t the river mouths for the annual trip of the rivers, they are in the best possible condition. And nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.2002 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationDisappearing forestsThe world forests are disappearing. As much as a third of the total tree cover has been lost since agriculture began some 10,000 years ago. The remaining forests are home to half of the world species, thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. Tropical forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet as well as supporting half of world’s species of plants and animals. These rain forests are home to millions of people. But there are other demands on them. For example, much has been cut for timber建筑等用的木材，木料; (建造房屋用的) 大木料，栋木; (造船用的) and an increasing amount of forest land has been used for industrial purposes or for agricultural development such as crop growing. But the 1990s, less than half of the earth original rain forest remained and they continue to disappear at an alarming rate every year. As a result, the world’s forests are now facing a gradual extinction.2001 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationCharacteristics of a good readerTo improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. Of course, he did not read every piece of the material at the same rate. But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, his reading rate is relatively fast. He has learnt to read for ideas rather than words one at a time. Next the reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details. Thus, he is able to comprehend the material with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. Finally, the good reader has at his command several special skills which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. For the college student, the most helpful of these skills include making use of the various aids to understanding that most textbooks provide and skim reading for a general survey (句子读不通).2000 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationWhat we know about languageMany things about language are a mystery and will remain so. However, we now do know something about it. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race anywhere on earth is so backward 发展迟缓的that it has no language of its own at all. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. They are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, but the languages that they speak are by no means决不; 丝毫不; 一点儿也不primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today, they are complexities that much have been developed for years. Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. And finally, we know that languages change overtime, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. The language which remains unchanged is nothingbut dead.1999 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationUnited Nation’s DayThe 24 of October is celebrated as United Nation’s Day. It is a day that belongs to everyone and it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays演戏about the UN. Some libraries exhibit children’s artworks from around the world. Schools celebrate it with a song and dances of other countries or give parties where food of other countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about the other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world.1998 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationThe railways in BritainThe success of early railways such as the lines between big cities led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian time. Between 1835 and 1865, about 25,000 km of track were built. And over 100 railway companies were created. Railway travel transformed people’s lives. Trains were first designed to carry goods. However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. Soon working-class 工人阶级的passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. Cheap day excursion (尤指集体) 远足，短途旅行train 旅游列车，游览列车became popular and seaside resorts 旅游胜地grew rapidly. The railways also provided thousands of new jobs building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. Railways even changed the time. The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished and clocks showed the same time across the country.上班族office workers1997 TEM grade 4 Part I dictationLegal age for marriageThroughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference. The most common age without parents’ consent is 18 for both females and males. However, persons who under age in their home state can get married in another state and then returned to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage license 结婚许可证. Both residents and nonresidents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states for instance have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civil 世俗的、非宗教的结婚仪式or religious ceremony, but a few require the ceremony to be religious. In most states, a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from 1 to 5 days depending on the state. A three-day wait is the most common. In some states, there is no required waiting period.。

1997年日语四级听力123456789101112問題Ｉ絵を見て聞いて下さい。

正しい答えを一つ選んで下さい。

１番女の人は、どんなリンゴをいくつ買いますか。

女：すみません、リンゴをください。

男：はい。

女：大きいリンゴはいくらですか。

男：あれは一つ二百円、三つで五百円。

女：この小さいのは？男：百八十円、五つだと八百円。

サービスです。

女：じゃ、小さいのを五つと大きいのを一つ。

男：小さいのを五つと大きいの一つと、ちょうど千円ですね、ありがとうございました。

◆女の人はどんなリンゴをいくつ買いましたか。

２番部屋を何度にしますか。

女：少し寒いですね。

男：そうですね。

今、部屋は何度ですか。

女：ええと、２１度です。

男：もうすこし高くしませんか、３度ぐらい。

女：そうですね。

それじゃ、３度高くしましょう。

男：お願いします。

◆部屋を何度にしますか。

３番女の人がデパートで時計を見ています。

女の人はどの時計を買いますか。

女：すみません、その時計、いくらですか。

男：こちらですか。

女：いいえ、その丸いの隣の。

男：こちらの大きいのですか。

女：ええ。

男：２万５千円です。

女：高いですね。

丸いのの隣の隣のは。

男：一万円です。

女：じゃ、それ、ください。

◆女の人はどの時計を買いますか。

４番ミチ子さんが友達と写真を見ています。

マリさんはどの人ですか。

マリさんです。

女：これ、子供のときの学校の写真なんですけど。

男：ああ、みちこさん、これですか。

女：そうです。

男：髪が長かったんですね。

女：ええ。

マリさんも同じクラスだったんですよ。

男：へえ、分からない。

女：私の後の左から三番めです。

男：ああ、後ですね。

へえ、男の子だと思いました。

女：ええ、今とずいぶん違いますよね。

◆マリさんはどの人ですか。

５番女の人と男の人が絵を見ています。

どの絵を見ていますか。

女：ああ、色がとても綺麗ですね。

男：そうですね。

でも、これは何でしょう。

私は人や花の絵がすきですね。

1.M: I don't think we can find a better hotel around here at this time. W: Let's walk a little further to see if there is another one. I just can't bear the traffic noise here.Q: What will the speakers most probably do?A Look for a more expensive hotel.B Go to another hotel by bus.C Try to find a quiet place.D Take a walk around the city.2.W: Hi! I'm calling about the three-bedroom house you advertised in yesterday's paper. It sounds really nice.M: It is--especially if you have children.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A They're talking about nice children.B The man has a house for sale.C The woman lives in a nice house.DThe man has three children.3.W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you?M: So do I. Let me call Room Service. Hello, Room Service? Please send a menu to 320 right away.Q: Where are the two speakers?A In a hote.B At a dinner table.C In the street.D At the man's house.4.M: I've just brought your ladder back. Thanks for lending it to me.Where shall I leave it?W: Just lean it against the wall there. Use the ladder again any time. Q: What's the probable relationship between these two speakers?A Relatives.B Roommates.C Colleagues.D Neighbours.5.M: What's the time for departure?W: 5:30. That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the customs and check our baggage.Q: At what time did the conversation take place?A 5:00C 5:30D 5:456.W: Look here, darling. The paper says people tend to feel unwell if they sleep less than six hours a day.M: That may be true for you, but it certainly isn't true for me.Q: What can we conclude from the man's reply?A He wants to have more sleep.B His wife doesn't sleep well.C Women need more sleep than men.DHe doesn't need as much sleep as his wife.7.M: Are there any more questions on this lecture? Yes, Mary.W: Dr.Baker, do you think an independent candidate could become president? Q: What most probably is Mary?A A student.B A reporter.C A visitor.D A lecturer.8.M: Can you stay for dinner?W: I'd love to , but I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school.Q: Where will the woman go first?A To the school.B To a friend's house.C To the post office.D Home.9.W: How many people has the boss chosen for the business trip to France? M: Well, as far as I know, whether there'll be such a trip is yet to be decided.Q: What does te man mean?A He is afraid he won't be chosen for the trip.B The boss has not decided where to go.C Such a trip is necessary for the company.D It's not certain whether the trip will take place.10.W: The speech the blind girl gave this evening was extremely moving. M: I think everyone felt the same.Q: How did the man feel about the girl's speech?A It was boring.B It was entertaining.C It was touching.D It was encouraging.Passage OneI had to go to Amsterdam last week for a conference. I arrived at the airport in plenty of time and checked in, but I only had one small case so I decided to take it on the plane as hand luggage. As the flight was not due to board for 45 minutes, I went to a cafe, sat down,and ordered a cup of coffee.While I was sitting there drinking my coffee and reading the paper,I was vaguely aware of a woman and her child coming to sit at the next table.I did not pay much attention to them, though, and when my flight was called I reached for my case and left.An hour later, the plane was in the air and I decided to look at the conference programme to see what I wanted to attend. Imagine my horror when I opened the case and found that it was full of picture books and children's toys--and imagine what the woman must have thought about a case full of men's clothes and scientific papers!Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. Why did the speaker go to a cafe?12. What was in the speaker's case?13. What did the speaker find out on board the plane?Passage TwoThere are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the last fifty years. The liberation of women in the early part of the twentieth century and the social and economic effects of World War II had a great impact on traditional family life. Women became essential to industry and the professions. During the war they had worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions of men, their services were indispensable to the nation.More recently, great advances in scientific knowledge, and particularly in medicine, have had enormous social consequences.Children and better cared for and are far healthier. Infant death rate is low. Above all, parents can now plan the size of their family if they wish through more effective means of birth control.Different attitudes to religion, authority and tradition generally have also greatly contributed to changes in family life. But these developments have affected all aspects of society. It is particularly interesting to note that the concept of "the family" as a social unit has survived all these challenges.Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. What is this passage mainly about?15. Why did British women become indispensable to industry after World War II?16. What remained unchanged in spite of all the challenges in family life?Passage ThreeThe key question for any only child is this: why were you an only child? It's a key question for at least two reasons. If your parents had wanted several children but could have you only, they are most likely to pour into you all the energy and attention that had been intended for several children. I call this the "special jewel" phenomenon. Only children who are special jewels often arrive when their parents are older--usually in their thirties. These special jewels can become very spoiled andself-centered.On the other hand, you may be an only child because your parents planned for only one and stuck to their plan. Your parents may give you a very strict and well-structured education to make you "a little adult". Many only children grow up feeling unhappy because they always had to be such "little adults".Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. Who are likely to treat their only children as "special jewels"?18. Why do some only children become "little adults"?19. What does the passage mainly discuss?20. Why do some only children feel unhappy?参考答案Part I1.C2.B3.A4.D5.B6.D7.A8.C9.D 10.C11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.C。

历年英语专四听力听写原文1993-2010Package Holidays (1993)Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination．Everything is laid on for you．There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves．You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people．This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling．Of course, there are carefully planned stops for you to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short．There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before．The American Family (1994)The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations. With the divorce ra te nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone.Unidentified Flying Objects (1995)There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.The Indian Medicine Man (1996)Among the Indians of North America, the medicine man was a very important person. He could cure illness and he could speak to the spirits. The spirits were the supernatural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill. So when people were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured, because they thought the spirits were helping them, but really these people cured themselves. Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you. The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illness. A lot of medicines are made from the plants that were used by medicine men hundred of years ago.Legal Age for Marriage (1997)Throughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference. The most common age without parents’ consent is 18 for both fem ales and males. However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage license. Both residents and non-residents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony, but a few require the ceremony to be religious. In most states a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from one to five days depending on the state. A three-day-wait is the most common. In some states there is no required waiting period.The Railways in Britain (1998)The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000 kilometers of track were built,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. /Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. / The railways also provided thousands of new jobs:/ building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. / Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. /United Nations Day (1999)The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. h is a day that belongs to everyone. And it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN. Some libraries exhibit children’s art works from around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries or give parties where foods of other countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN, and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world.What We Know About Language (2000)Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. However, we now do know something about it. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today, there are complexities that must have been developed for years. Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. And finally, we know that language changes over time, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead.Characteristics of A Good Reader (2001)To improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, his reading rate is relatively fast. He has learned to read for ideas rather than words one at a time. Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details. Thus he is able to comprehend the material with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. Finally, the good reader has in his command several special skills, which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. For the college student, the most helpful of these skills include making use of the various aids to understanding that most text books provide and skim-reading for a general survey.Disappearing Forests (2002)The world’s forests are disappearing. As much as 1/3 of the total tree cover has been los t since agriculture began some 10,000 years ago. The remaining forests are home to half of the world’s species, thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. Tropical rain forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet, as well as supporting at least half of the world’s species of plants and animals. These rain forests are home to millions of people. But there are other demands on them. For example, much has been cut for timber. An increasing amount of forest land has been used for industrial purposes or for agricultural development such as crop-growing. By the 1990’s less than half of the earth’s original rain forests remained, and they continued to disappear at an alarming rate every year. As a result the world’s forests are now facing gradual extinction.Salmon (2003)Every year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has given them. Months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish. When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, they are in the best possible condition, and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.Money (2004)Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world.The Wrist Watch （2005）It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wristfeeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration.The Internet (2006)The Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications. / Imagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors, / or imagine a research project with thousands of scientists / working around the clock forever. / This is the magic of the Internet. / Yet the Internet has the potential for good and bad. / One can find well-organized, information-rich websites. / At the same time, one can also find wasteful websites. / Most websites are known as different Internet applications. / These include online games, chat rooms (chatrooms) and so on. / These applications have great power, too. / Sometimes the power can be so great / that young people may easily become victims to their attraction. / So we need to recognize the seriousness of the problem. / We must work together to use its power for better ends.2007 AdvertisingAdvertising has already become a very specialized activity in modern times . In today's business world ,supply is usually greater than demand . There is greater competition between manufacturers of the same kind of product, because they want to persuade customers to buy their particular brand. They always have to remind their customers of the name and the qualities of the products by advertising. The manufacturers advertises in newspapers and on the radio; he sometimes employs sales girls to distribute samples of his products; he sometimes advertises on the internet as well. In addition, he always has advertisements put into television programs that will accept them. Manufacturers often spend huge sums of money on advertisements. We buy a particular product because we think that's the best. we usually think so because the advertisements say so, people often don’t ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth, when they buy advertised products from the shops.2008 Choosing A CareerWhen students graduate from college,many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives and they sometimes move from job to job, until they find something that suits them and of equally importance to which they are suited. Others never find a job in which they are really happy. They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. When we choose our careers we need to ask ourselves two questions. First, what do we think we would like to be? Second, what kind of people are we? The idea, for example of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive, but unless we have great talent, and are willing to work very hard. We are certain to fail in these occupations and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search.2009For many people in the west, New Year’s Eve is the biggest party of the year. It’s time to get together with friends or family and welcome in the coming year. New Year’s parties can take place in different places. S ome people hold a house party; others attend street parties, while some just go for a few drinks with their friends. Big cities have large and spectacular fireworks displays. There is one thing that all New Year’s Eve parties have in common, the countdown to midninght. When the clock strikes 12, people give a loud cheer and sing songs. It’s also popular to make a promise in the New Year. This is called a New Year’s resolution. Typical resolutions include giving up smoking and keeping fit. However the promise is often broken quite quickly and people are2010Freshmen's WeekBritain has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be confusing.October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. Universities have something called Freshmen's Week for their newcomers. It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying.Where do you start? And who should you make friends with? Which clubs and society should you join?Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you. They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don't rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years.。

97年8月托福听力文字带翻译97年8月托福听力文字Part A1. A：You know the noise in my dorm has really gotten out of control. My roommate and I can rarely get to sleep before midnight.1。

A:你知道我宿舍里的噪音真的失控。

我的室友和我很少能在午夜之前睡觉。

B：Why don't you take the problem up with the dorm supervisor？B:你为什么不把这个问题与宿舍的主管?What does the man suggest the woman do？男人如何建议女人做什么?2. A：That's a nice computer you have.2。

答:这是一个不错的电脑。

B：Now all I have to do is figure out how to use it.B:现在我要做的就是弄清楚如何使用它。

What does the man imply？这个男士暗示什么?3. A：Your little nephew is growing by leaps and bounce.3。

答:你的外甥在飞速增长。

B：Yes. He must be at least three feet tall already.B:是的。

他至少要三英尺高了。

What do the speakers say about the woman's nephew？演讲者说什么对女人的侄子吗?4. A：Debra said she's going to stay up all night studying for her exam tomorrow morning.4。

答:黛布拉说她要熬夜学习,为明天早上她的考试。

B：Wouldn't she be better off getting a good night sleep soshe'll feel fresh in the morning？B:不,她是更好的得到一个好觉,所以她会感觉新鲜早上?What does the man imply？这个男士暗示什么?5. A：Did you pick up your letter at the post office？5。

1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)听力真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A1. A) Look for a more expensive hotel. B) Go to another hotel by bus.C) Try to find a quiet place. D) Take a walk around the city.2. A) They’re talking about nice children. B) The man has a house for sale.C) The woman lives in a nice house. D) The man has three children.3. A) In a hotel. B) At a dinner table. C) In the street. D) At the man’s house.4. A) Relatives. B) Roommates. C) Colleagues. D) Neighbors.5. A) 5:00. B) 5:15. C) 5:30. D) 5:45.6. A) He wants to have more sleep. B) His wife doesn’t sleep well.C) Women need more sleep than men. D) He doesn’t need as much sleep as his wife.7. A) A student. B) A reporter. C) A visitor. D) A lecturer.8. A) To the school. B) To a friend’s house C) To the post office. D) Home.9. A) He is afraid he won’t be chosen for the trip.B) The boss has not decided where to go.C) Such a trip is necessary for the company. D) It’s not certain whether the trip will take place.10 A) It was boring. B) It was entertaining. C) It was touching. D) It was encouraging.Section BPassage oneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) He wanted to find a place to read his papers.B) He wanted to kill time before boarding the plane.C) He felt thirsty and wanted some coffee.D) He went there to meet his friends.12. A) Toys for children. B) Important documents.C) Food and coffee. D) Clothes and scientific papers.13. A) The woman took his case on purpose. B) All his papers had been stolen.C) He had taken the woman’s case.D) The woman played a joke on him. Passage T woQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) The liberation movement of British women. B) Rapid economic development in Britain.C) Changing attitudes to family life. D) Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.15. A) Because millions of men died in the war.B) Because women had proved their worth.C) Because women were more skillful than men.D) Because factories preferred to employ women.16. A) The concept of “the family” as a social unit.B) The attitudes to birth control.C) The attitudes to religion. D) The ideas of authority and tradition.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Those who are themselves spoiled and self-centered.B) Those who expected to have several children but could only have one.C) Those who like to give expensive jewels to their children.D) Those who give birth to their only children when they are below 30.18. A) Because their parents want them to share the family burden.B) Because their parents are too strict with them in their education.C) Because they have nobody to play with.D) Because their parents want them to grow up as fast as possible.19. A) Two types of only children. B) Parents’ responsibilities.C) The necessity of family planning. D) The relationship between parents and children.20. A) They have no sisters or brothers. B) They are overprotected by their parents.C) Their parents expect too much of them. D) Their parents often punish them for minor faults.1997年1月四级听力参考答案1. C2.B3.A4.D5.B6.D7.A8.C9.D 10.C11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D15.A16.A 17.B 18.B 19.A20.C1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)听力原文1.M: I don't think we can find a better hotel around here at this time.W: Let's walk a little further to see if there is another one. I just can't bear the traffic noise here. Q: What will the speakers most probably do?2. W: Hi! I'm calling about the three-bedroom house you advertised in yesterday's paper. It soundsreally nice.M: It is--especially if you have children.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?3. W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you?M: So do I. Let me call Room Service. Hello, Room Service? Please send a menu to 320 right away.Q: Where are the two speakers?4.M: I've just brought your ladder back. Thanks for lending it to me.Where shall I leave it?W: Just lean it against the wall there. Use the ladder again any time.Q: What's the probable relationship between these two speakers?5.M: What's the time for departure?W: 5:30. That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the customs and check our baggage. Q: At what time did the conversation take place?6.W: Look here, darling. The paper says people tend to feel unwell if they sleep less than six hoursa day.M: That may be true for you, but it certainly isn't true for me.Q: What can we conclude from the man's reply?7.M: Are there any more questions on this lecture? Y es, Mary.W: Dr.Baker, do you think an independent candidate could become president?Q: What most probably is Mary?8.M: Can you stay for dinner?W: I'd love to , but I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school.Q: Where will the woman go first?9.W: How many people has the boss chosen for the business trip to France?M: Well, as far as I know, whether there'll be such a trip is yet to be decided.Q: What does te man mean?10. W: The speech the blind girl gave this evening was extremely moving.M: I think everyone felt the same.Q: How did the man feel about the girl's speech?Passage OneI had to go to Amsterdam last week for a conference. I arrived at the airport in plenty of time and checked in, but I only had one small case so I decided to take it on the plane as hand luggage. As the flight was not due to board for 45 minutes, I went to a cafe, sat down,and ordered a cup of coffee.While I was sitting there drinking my coffee and reading the paper,I was vaguely aware of a woman and her child coming to sit at the next table. I did not pay much attention to them, though, and when my flight was called I reached for my case and left.An hour later, the plane was in the air and I decided to look at the conference programme to see what I wanted to attend. Imagine my horror when I opened the case and found that it was full of picture books and children's toys--and imagine what the woman must have thought about a case full of men's clothes and scientific papers!Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. Why did the speaker go to a cafe?12. What was in the speaker's case?13. What did the speaker find out on board the plane?Passage TwoThere are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the last fifty years. The liberation of women in the early part of the twentieth century and the social and economic effects of World War II had a great impact on traditional family life. Women became essential to industry and the professions. During the war they had worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions of men, their services were indispensable to the nation.More recently, great advances in scientific knowledge, and particularly in medicine, have had enormous social consequences.Children and better cared for and are far healthier. Infant death rate is low. Above all, parents can now plan the size of their family if they wish through more effective means of birth control.Different attitudes to religion, authority and tradition generally have also greatly contributed to changes in family life. But these developments have affected all aspects of society. It is particularly interesting to note that the concept of "the family" as a social unit has survived all these challenges.Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. What is this passage mainly about?15. Why did British women become indispensable to industry after World War II?16. What remained unchanged in spite of all the challenges in family life?Passage ThreeThe key question for any only child is this: why were you an only child? It's a key question for at least two reasons. If your parents had wanted several children but could have you only, they are most likely to pour into you all the energy and attention that had been intended for several children. I call this the "special jewel" phenomenon. Only children who are special jewels often arrive when their parents are older--usually in their thirties. These special jewels can become very spoiled and self-centered.On the other hand, you may be an only child because your parents planned for only one and stuck to their plan. Y our parents may give you a very strict and well-structured education to make you "a little adult". Many only children grow up feeling unhappy because they always had to be such "little adults".Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. Who are likely to treat their only children as "special jewels"?18. Why do some only children become "little adults"?19. What does the passage mainly discuss?20. Why do some only children feel unhappy?。

Passage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human -like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software （软件）or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon （硅） will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon’s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.16. In what way can we make a machine intelligent?A) By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.B) By working hard for 10 or 20 years.C) By either properly programming it or changing its structure.D) By reproducing it.17. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?A) He believes they will be useful to human beings.B) He believes that they will control us in the future.C) He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D) He doesn’t consider the construction of such machines possible.18. The word “carbon” (Line 4, Para.2) stands for _________.A) intelligent robotsB) a chemical elementC) an organic substanceD) human beings19. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _______.A) its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB) it is able to bear the rough environmentC) it is made as complex as the human brainD) its architecture is different from that of the present ones20. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproductionB) with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like abilityC) once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will posses intelligenceD) robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in spacePassage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll （死亡⼈数）could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, as earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.Despite the good new, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints （蓝图）for improved quake- resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete andsteel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.21. One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _________.A) new computers had been installed in the buildingsB) it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysC) large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayD) improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways22. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _____.A) counterbalance an earthquake’s action on the buildingB) predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyC) help strengthen the foundation of the buildingD) measure the impact of an earthquake’s vibrations23. The smart buildings discussed in the passage ______A) would cause serious financial problemsB) would be worthwhile though costlyC) would increase the complexity of architectural designD) can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes24. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _______.A) the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital constructionB) the development of flexible building materialsC) the reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsD) early forecasts of earthquakes25. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ________.A) compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S.B) encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computersC) outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materialsD) report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildingsPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Even plants can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared（红外线） scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide（杀⾍剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest（害⾍）problems.Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running “fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States,” says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.。