专业学位硕士研究生英语教程02

Unit 1Text AII. Language points1.How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done. <Para. 1> If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning.2.Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. <Para. 2> You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.3.And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. <Para. 5>… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.4.To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. <Para. 6> … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.5.Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. <Para. 9> Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed— and try to generalize the features these situations have in common.6.Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up? <Para. 13> Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future?7.Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking.<Para. 13> Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.8.Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/occupations that interest you. <Para. 13> You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.9.Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to a new career path. <Para. 18> Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing.10.If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job descriptions.<Para.18> If you’re not sure about the qualifications required in the new career, you should search job pos tings and jobadvertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviewsin which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position..11.Develop a timeline and action plans for achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals and priories. <Para. 20>Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.12.Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have or plan for today may notbe in demand years from now. <Para. 21> Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.13.Long-range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skills that employers will alwaysvalue while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes.<Para. 21> When planning career for the long.run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential skills in general that will always be valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes.14.Here’s a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of your attitudes and interestsas they relate to possible career choices. <Para. 25> The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose.15.Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change.<Para. 26> In thesection of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for those established job-hunters who consider changing careers.16.Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on a regular basis. <Para. 31> Itis great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly.17.The concept of transferable skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers should master, though theconcept is especially important for career changers and college students.<Para. 33> All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school to workplace or from your current job to the next jobIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension<1>According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges built from one’s currentjob/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.<2>The main idea of the passage:The passageoffers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.<3>Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuses on a timeframeranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing realistic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.<4>In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-term career planning, you should free yourself form all career barriers,such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you shouldn’t put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans.<5>Before you develop a picture of yourself and your career, you should analyze your current/future lifestyle,likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.2. VocabularySection A<1> on the move <2> In terms of <3> quintessential <4> perspective<5> priority<6> cloud <7> brainstormed <8> extravert, introvert<9> Reverting <10> timeframeSection B<1> A<2> B<3> C<4> C<5> A<6> D<7> D<8> A<9> C<10> A3. Cloze<1> right<2> not<3> wrong<4> First of all<5> knowledge<6> Only<7> no matter what<8> outperform<9> successful<10> higher<11> who<12> still<13> rather than<14> figure out<15> worst<16> Then<17> However<18> rehearse<19> more<20>instead of4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1> Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, "failure is the mother ofsuccess.〞And we are all wedded to the belief that this failure will be the beginning of future success.<2>The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a taste of the exotic.<3>Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody. So parents must pay1 / 432special attention to their children’s growth in this period.<4>Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it.<5>You’d better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate a feasible action plan thatcan be fulfilled in one year.<6>In this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluent speaker of English, butit’s a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.<7>Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far as he could.<8>Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the apes branched intotwo distant species.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so changing it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time.When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to your list to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作,仔细思量你的事业,为未来制定计划.无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作,职业规划能够帮助你.职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁,没有这座桥,你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥,就有了安全的保证和明确的方向.2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕一位权威科学家警告说,机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规X的监督和控制,以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用,比如看小孩、照顾老人以与作战等情境.〔2〕谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说,机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能会导致〔被服务者〕与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津.〔3〕第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令,但不得违反第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己,但不得违反前两条定律.〔4〕但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现,不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征,比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以与面部识别等能力.〔5〕目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上.如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等,我都不会有这些担忧了. Text BCareer Path: Acting Your AgeKey to the exercisesGuess the meaning of the word<s><1> troublesome<2> strenuous<3> handicap <4> similar in meaning<5> applies <6> commendable <7> saturated <8> intimidating<9> attracting <10> What’s moreTrue or false(1)T<2>F<3>T<4>F<5>F<6>T<7>T<8>F.Unit 2Text AII. Language points1.Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. <P ara.1>According to Dyson’s calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would cost the average family wages of about 1,500 years.set back: cost <a person> specific amounte.g. My new car set me back $3000.2.The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap.<Para.1>The cost difference not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflower’s voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also prove d that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money.3.Nothing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. <P ara.2> In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASA’s has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial settlers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar sporting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didn’t come close.4.The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that has spent much of the past year deliberating on NASA’s human spaceflight program… <Para.2>deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究,审议e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.5....even though ending this program would send NASA’s international partners into apoplexy. <P ara.2>…even though ending the ISS program would make NASA’s international partners feel very angry.The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean "bleeding〞. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.6.More embarrassing, with NASA’s space shuttle due to be mothballed in 2010, and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until 2012, the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russia’s Soyuz ships to commute to the space station.<Para.2> To NASA’s embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in 2010 and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule cannot fly until 2012, so there will be a two year gap between 2010 and 2012, in which NASA’s international partners have to depend on Russia’s ship to come and go to the space station.mothball: to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or a plan 封存；搁置不用If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily.7.The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree that’s unprecedented in its history.<Para.3> The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened before.shortfall:n. 缺口；差额；亏空If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.8.The move could create opportunities for the modern equivalents of Young and Bradford—entrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of space affordable by not only designing and building ships for3 / 434NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets. <Para.3>The move—NASA’s opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors— could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASA’s targets. 9.In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy process that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms.<Para.3>In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.10."We’re talking about a movement from where the government has been the prime contractor, managing situationswith a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,〞says Larry Williams. <Para.3> We are talking about the movement —NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys services wholesale from private firms.11.The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. <Para.5> The next step is toenable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered.aloft:adj./adv.high in the air 在空中高处Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground.12.To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isn’t entirely without precedent.<Para.5> In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give uptheir responsibility of regulating crew safety. This has happened before.relinquish:vt.to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillinglyIf you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责；照管13.Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-carrying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in less than three years, once itgets the green light. <Para.6> Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.14.If Virgin and other commercial firms can deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible than it’s ever been before.Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. <Para.8> If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit, then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before. It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price,but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism.15.The big sticking point, however, will be safety. Even though NASA holds the safety of its crew paramount, it stillhasn’t been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in 2003. <Para.8> The key point is still the consideration of safety of its crew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as the most important thing, it still hasn’t been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia andits 7 crew members in 2003.16.…the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASA needs a biggerrocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-duration trip, beyond the tether of Earth’s gravity. <Para.9>… the space shuttle is unreliable partly because its space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carryingcargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earth’s gravity.overly: too/ extremely17.It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there were some payoff down theroad. <Para.9> Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits..payoff:n. return; reward; payment18.Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seem much less so, thanksto the climate crisis. <Para.9> The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.19.…the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profit is big enough to give any entrepreneurpause. <Para.10> … the challenge for private services to send people safely into deep space and back for making profits is so big that any entrepreneur would hesitate before they take their steps.give sb./sth. pause:使踌躇,使犹豫This finding should give pause to it. 这个发现令人深思.His recent behavior has given her pause about their relationship.他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫.20.The Industrial Revolution didn’t take off until the railways arrived. <Para.11>Here it means that the private sector will play an important role and do lots of work in deep space only if NASA gets it started.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension<1> In early times there was an essay comparing space travel to the colonization, but nothing can keep Dyson from makingameticulous effort to quantify and compare the costs of these vastly different ventures.<2>By presenting the relationship between FedEx and the U.S. Postal service, the writer wants to showthat NASA actually canpay private firms, like Space X to design and develop space program.<3>NASA opened up its space exploration program to commercial operators because NASA lacksfunding to keep its humanspaceflight program moving on and operating. So, it is the shortfall that forces NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators.<4>There are two steps that NASA is going to take after it begins working with smaller companies.The first is to get cargodelivered to space; the next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft.<5>Give your own comments.2. VocabularySection A<1> fanciful<2> eminent<3>meticulous<4>aloft<5>mogul<6> shortfall<7> quantify<8> relinquished<9> entrust<10> wholesaleSection B<1> C<2> B<3> C<4> D<5> B<6> C<7> B<8> D<9> C<10> B3. Cloze<1> predicted<2> pass<3> doubt<4> catch<5> running<6> high-lever<7> lag<8> convinced<9>assured<10> reasonably<11>dismissed<12> acute<13> called<14> offer<15> creation<16> feats<17> failed<18>lack<19> blame<20> boss4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1>By some estimates, 10 million Americans will be telecommuting in 5 years so that three quarters of a billion gallons ofpetrol could be saved.<2>Rogge also thanked the security forces that kept the Winter Olympic Games safe at the cost of about $310 million, a billthat increased following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.<3>Government has given our city a modern international airport capable of meeting our requirements far into the next century.<4>What makes parents worry is that some primary students keep indulging themselves in computer games day and night and5 / 436nothing can entice them from computers.<5>It’s an interesting suggestion for space program, but we need a bit longer time to give pause to it since it is so costly.<6>At present, government particularly needs to work on vocational training in various forms, open up new opportunities ofemployment and strive to assist as many laid-off workers as possible in finding new jobs.<7>A recent survey found 55 percent of those polled considered true love paramount in a relationship, while 45 percent stillbelieved in love at first sight.<8>Graduates are under great pressure before leaving college because of job hunting, poverty, emotional problems, schoolachievements and surroundings, etc.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.After the Soviet space program launched the world’s first human-made satellite <Sputnik 1> on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to U.S. security and technological leadership <known as the "Sputnik crisis〞>, urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. Several months of debate produced an agreement that a new federal agency was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency <ARPA> was also created at this time.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.首要任务是把货物送到太空. 美国航空航天局猎户星座航空舱仅是针对航天员设计的,所以把种子基金付给私人太空机构去实现把物品送到太空站.去年美国航空航天局就签订了两个合同, 一个是以16亿美元的价格委托美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX>为美国航空航天局12次发射运载火箭. 另一个是以19亿美元的价格委托美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕为其完成八次太空飞行任务.为了履行这一合同,美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX> 现正在组建猎鹰9号火箭助推器,以便运送无人驾驶的太空舱与太空站对接.太空员卸下货物后让其返回地球.美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕组建的类似的金牛座II火箭预计将在20##投入使用.威廉说："从美国航空航天局的角度来看,他们最终关心的不是你怎么收到了,而是想办法把送到.〞2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕太空项目的提案者早就有过这样的警告,逐渐增加的太空垃圾带最终会导致碰撞,就正如星期二所发生的,在西伯利亚上空500英里处,美国的一颗卫星与现已失效的俄罗斯卫星发生严重的撞击.〔2〕人类有惊人的乱丢垃圾的能力,但普遍存在的共识是：浩瀚的太空不会因为人类的行为而受到巨大的伤害.〔3〕我们的卫星在太空飞行的最高处离地球22000英里,当你知道这是地球到月球距离的1/10时,这一距离就听起来就不是很远的了.〔4〕每次即便是我们把一个小小的卫星送入它运行的轨道,伴随这一运载过程的也不仅仅是卫星.〔5〕一些政府机构的联盟,包括美国航空航天局、北美防空联合司令部,甚至美通讯委员会跟踪记录了星球上空的漂浮的所有垃圾,目前这些不断增加的垃圾让人无比地恐慌.Text BThe New Space Race<1> left / flied away from<2> hesitated<3> prevented or impaired<4> brought back to use/ revived <5> unfriendly/ hostile<6> made free from bacteria<7> space / vacancy <8>vulnerable / weak<9> a kind of metal element <10> filled with/ full ofTrue or false<1> T<2> F<3> F<4> T<5> F<6> T<7> T<8> FUnit 3Text A.II. Language points1. The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.<Para. 1>The utilitarian principle is that happiness is worth obtaining and is the only thing worth obtaining as a purpose; all other things being so only as a way to obtain happiness.2.What ought to be required of this doctrine, what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill, to make good its claim to be believed?<Para. 1>What requirements should this principle meet, what are the necessary conditions this principle should accomplish to make its claim good for people to believe?requisite a. required by circumstances or necessary for successe.g. Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada?have/lack the requisite capital to start a business3.In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.<Para. 2>Likewise, I think the only evidence we can possibly offer to prove anything to be desirable is that people do actually desire it.apprehend v. grasp the meaning of <sb./sth.>; understande.g. Do I apprehend you aright, i.e. Do you mean what I think you mean?sole a. one and only; singlee.g. the sole cause of the accidentthe sole survivor of the crash4.If the end which the utilitarian doctrine proposes to itself were not, in theory and in practice, acknowledged to be an end, nothing could ever convince any person that it was so.<Para. 1>If the purpose which the utilitarian doctrine itself intends to fulfillwere not accepted to be a purpose both in theory and in practice, then nothing could ever make anyone believe that it was so.5. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness.<Para. 2>We can give no reason why the general happiness is desirable except that each person desires his own happiness as long as he believes that it can be achieved.attainable a. that can be attainede.g. These objectives are certainly attainable.6.This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good, that each person’s happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons.<Para. 2>However, it is a fact that the general happiness is desirable, and we have not only all the evidence that the case agrees with, but all the evidence that it is likely to need,to prove that happiness is a benefit, that each person’s happiness is a benefit to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a benefit to all persons as a whole.aggregate n. total amount; mass or amount brought togethere.g. the complete aggregate of unemployment figures7.Now it is palpable that they do desire things which, in common language, are decidedly distinguished from happiness. <Para. 3>Now it is obvious that people do desire things which, in everyday words, are definitely different from happiness. palpable a. clear to the mind; obviouse.g. a palpable lie, errordistinguish v. recognize the difference between <people or things>e.g. People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.8.They desire, for example, virtue, and the absence of vice, no less really than pleasure and the absence of pain.<Para.3>For example, they want to have virtue and avoid vice as much as they want to have pleasure and avoid pain.vice:n. evil or unprincipled conduct; wickednesse.g. Greed is a terrible vice.9.The desire of virtue is not as universal, but it is as authentic a fact, as the desire of happiness. <Para. 3>Although the7 / 43。

英语专业研究生第二外语课程简介The English major's second foreign language course is designed to broaden linguistic horizons and enhance intercultural communication skills. It offers a diverse range of languages to choose from, each with its unique cultural insights and linguistic structures.Students are encouraged to embrace the challenge of learning a new language, which not only improves cognitive abilities but also opens doors to global perspectives. This course is tailored to accommodate different learning styles, ensuring a personalized and engaging learning experience.Through interactive lessons, practical exercises, and cultural immersion activities, students will develop proficiency in their chosen language. The curriculum is structured to build a strong foundation in grammar, vocabulary, and conversational skills.Moreover, the course emphasizes the importance ofcultural competence, integrating language learning with an understanding of the history, literature, and traditions of the language's native speakers. This holistic approach prepares students to thrive in an increasingly interconnected world.The course also provides opportunities for language practice through group discussions, presentations, andlanguage exchange programs. These activities foster a supportive learning community and encourage the developmentof confidence in language use.For those seeking to specialize in translation or international relations, the course offers advanced modules that delve into specialized language use and professional skills. It prepares students to excel in their future careers, where multilingualism is a significant asset.In conclusion, the second foreign language course for English majors is more than just a language class; it's a gateway to new worlds, a bridge to different cultures, and a stepping stone towards a more globalized professional life.。

研究生英语阅读教程第三版课文Lesson2Lesson 2Humbled by Nature,Humeble by CultureSusanna Jones[1]The scale of the 11March Japanese earthquake and tsunami is a profound reminder of just how small we human beings are.But it also carries a message of hope about Japan’s long struggle with t he natural world.[2] News reports describe the scenes from northern Japan as being from a horror film. Watching television footage of the events and discussing it with friends, I find the same phrase comes to mind. It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of reference we have. In Britain, where such vast natural disaster is unknown, perhaps this is the only connection we can make when we see whole communities ripped away by a tsunami, helicopters hovering over raging fires that go on for miles. Warner Brothers has pulled screenings of Clint Eastwood's film Hereafter from cinemas in Japan because of its "inappropriate" tsunami scenes. The horror has become reality and it is hard to comprehend the scale of it.[3] No one could prepare for an earthquake of this magnitude, yet no one was better prepared than the Japanese. The earthquake and tsunami are crucial to understanding Japan's relationship with nature. Throughout history, the Japanese have had to work the land and sea hard to survive and enable communities to thrive.[4] It is unforgiving, mountainous country. Nature brings frequent quakes and typhoons. Lest you should ever forget thesmallness of being human, the iconic Mount Fuji, instantly recognisable yet somehow different on every viewing, is an extinct volcano.[5] This relationship with nature is not all about hardship and fear, as I discovered when I lived in the country for long periods during the Eighties and Nineties. There is celebration, too, tempered with respect. My Japanese teacher used to take out a different set of plates each season, with colours that matched the season's mood: dishes with bands of red and gold in autumn, pink flowers in spring. A mealcontained not only the flavours of a season, but its very atmosphere and the memories that it evoked. In the cities, people wait for and celebrate the cherry blossoms and autumn leaves that spring up from the earth as though to remind us that the concrete and neon are a mere overlay.[6] The Japanese have always lived with the knowledge that natural disaster can occur at any moment and, for the past couple of decades, with the knowledge that an earthquake, "the big one", was due. Small tremors, most of which are harmless, have provided frequent reminders. To be teaching a class, paying a bill at the bank, fast asleep in bed, and then brought to attention because the ground beneath you is shaking, leaves you suspended momentarily. It's a state of uncertainty, humility. Even if you never experience one that pulls the building down around you, the earthquake occupies a part of your imagination, your consciousness.[7] I was living in Japan in 1995 at the time of the Kobe earthquake. More than 6,000 people were killed in the quake and subsequent fires. Just two months later, Aum Shinrikyo, a bizarre religious cult led by Shoko Asahara, left packages containingsarin gas on the Tokyo subway. Twelve people died from the effects of the gas and many more were injured. It surprised me, over the following months that the gas attack seemed to dominate the national media coverage, whereas Kobe, after the initial weeks of horrifying footage, slipped somewhat into the background. The Japanese attitude of being stoical in adversity because shiyou ga nai ("nothing can be done", or "it can't be helped") perhaps goes some way towards explaining this.However, the sarin attack was a new, unexpected kind of terror but it was also something that could be investigated and dissected. and there were people to blame. There were names and photographs. Even though the emergency services in Kobe were criticised for being underprepared and slow to respond to the earthquake, the event itself was inevitable.[8] Kobe was a horror story that people did not want to keep reliving. In the UK we have the luxury of being able to consider, for example, the consequences of global warming through apocalyptic visions of the future in film and theatre, knowing that we'll be all right today and for the near future. In Japan the catastrophe is in the pastand the present and will be in the future. All practical considerations relating to earthquakes---quake-proof buildings, emergency drills-are handled with matter-of-fact efficiency, but the event, when it happens, is often kept at some distance.[9] It will take generations for the north-eastern communities to recover. What will be the effect on Japan as a whole? Rather than immersing ourselves in the language of horror films and the end of the world, when the time is right to try to glimpse this new territory, we might for thought reach for a book by Japan's most popular contemporary novelist. Haruki Murakami's slimcollection of short stories After the Quake, published in English in 2002, was written in response to, but not directly about, the Kobe earthquake. From the painful to the surreal to the gently touching, the anthology presents a series of psychological aftershocks.[10] In "Honey Pie", a small girl has recurring nightmares after watching the disaster footage on television and is soothed by stories from her mother's friend who, in turn, is comforted by his own story. In "Landscape with Flatiron", a man spends his time collecting driftwood for bonfires on the beach. Is this connected with the fires that burned through Kobe? We don't know, but we sense that the earthquake is somewhere underneath it all.[11] Much of the terror is explored through dreams, as though reality is too much to bear or not enough to help. The stories end with hope. It is in Murakami's nature asa writer to be upbeat, but these are plausible glimpses of optimism.[12] There is talk of panic in Tokyo now, but the news I've had from friends there - phone calls, emails, Facebook updates - paints a sombre yet calmer picture. They are worried but not hysterical. At schools around the city, classes continue and students in their final year are having their graduation ceremonies as the academic calendar comes to its end. They are aware of radiation levels from the blasts at the Fukushima nuclear plant and that so far there is no risk to health. They are going about their business, getting on with it.[13] Perhaps not everyone is so calm, why should they be? But we should resist the temptation to imagine panicking hordes buying up all the food and fleeing the capital as the next part of our horror narrative. On Friday 11 March, when the quakeshook Tokyo, a friend was hosting a reading group in her apartment for a group of Japanese women. It was mid-afternoon and, after learning that the trains were not running, she offered bedding for the night to those who had to travel far. Several hours later, nearer midnight, they telephoned to say that they were only ten minutes away from her apartment. There were still no trains, so could they possibly stay the night after all? This is typical, neighbours helping each other, quietly accepting help where it is needed, and not wanting to impose.[14] It may be a long time before we see or understand the long-term effects of these events on Japanese culture. In Japan change tends to happen not dramatically or quickly, but quietly and with small shifts. It seems incongruous that, inthe midst of this great catastrophe, the cherry blossoms will soon be out. And one can hardly begin to imagine how these events will shape the future for the survivors when recovery begins.。

Unit4(Para. 1) In the last few centuries, marriage has been connected to romantic love. This kind of package deal is not easy to maintain and indeed many people fail while trying to do so. Nevertheless, most people still pursue this deal. This is another type of paradox associated with marriage.(Para. 2) Some of the main difficulties of this package deal are the following: (a) in modern society, marriage is no longer unique in fulfilling tasks such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial situation, (b) long-term romantic relationships are problematic in that they lack significant changes, which are so meaningful to emotions in general and love in particular, and (c) the greater flexibility of romantic boundaries in modern society make it harder to maintain strict emotional connections and constraints, such as those recommended in marriage.(Para. 3a) In modern society, most of thepenalties for dissolving a marriage have been removed and many of theincentives that marriage offers can be obtained in other social frameworks. The choice of staying within a marriage depends, therefore, more on the issue of love than on those traditionally unique advantages of marriage, such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial situation.(Para. 3b) If a person feels that her presentmarital relationship prevents her from experiencing genuine love (and from personal development and satisfaction), there is little incentive for her to stay in the marriage. The fact that most divorce cases now cite a lack of love as the reason for seeking to end the marriage indicates the greater importance that love has in contemporary marriages. (Para. 4a) Romantic relationships consist of both change, which increases excitement, and familiarity, which enhances commitment andliking. The positive role of familiarity may lead love to grow and become deeper over time. However, the lack of novelty may make the element of passion less intense. As David Barash and Judith Lipton put it, “we don’t normally speak of a passionate marriage. (Para. 4b) A good marriage, a happy marriage, a comfortable and compatible marriage, yes, but only rarely a passionate one.” They further argue that a passionate marriage would be exhausting, as to “live in a state of perpetual passion” would be to forgo much of the rest of life, and, in truth, there are other things. Love can deepen and broaden ... but it rarely becomes more passionate.(Para. 4c) Likewise, sex in long-term relationship may be less passionate but because of familiarity and acquiring better techniques may be more satisfied. In any case, stability in marriage and well-being are not one and the same: a stable marriage does not necessarily mean that marriage is particularly gratifying or vital. There is no general solution to the problem of the “right” amount and type of change required for more profound and enduring romantic love.(Para. 5) The problem of a long-term romantic relationship that usually lacks significant changes is further enhanced in marriage, which involves more obstacles to close personal relationships. In the last few hundred years, marriage has become part of a package deal that is also intended to include love. The more independent that we become and the more flexible our romantic boundaries are, the more it becomes difficult to take on the whole package. Onesuch difficulty is that love, and often ideal love, becomes a necessary condition of the deal. (Para. 6a) In light of these changes, there has been a significant increase, over the last few decades, in the percentage of single households in modern society. Such an increase by no means suggests that marriage is dead, but that a growing number of adults are spending more of their lives single or living unmarried with partners. Nevertheless, it seems that the desire for marriage remains strong and constant.(Para. 6b) The new circumstances have significantly increased the autonomy of individuals and in particular that of women. The greater independence of individuals weakens the expectation for romantic exclusivity of the kind that involves significant dependence upon the partner. Lovers who do not live together see each other for limited times, do not depend upon each other for their major needs, and thus they need not abide by any external formal dictates or constraints.(Para. 7a) One characteristic of modern society is that it has become increasingly easier to get out of marriage (or any type of romantic relationship) and to get into a new marital relationship (or any other type of romantic relationship). In light of such changes, the framework of marriage has been transformed from a formal contractual bond with hardly any possibility of future regret into an agreement that can be dissolved without the need to find cause, fault, or justification.(Para. 7b) The agreement is based on the desires of the heart, rather than on obligatory commitment. Hence, there is no need to be ashamed of following one’s heart and terminating the marriage, or even in having an affair of the heart. In this sense, love has acquired additional weight in personal relationships.(Para. 8a) Indeed, love is acquiring ever greater weight in our decisions to maintain our marriages. Thus, an overwhelming majority of people (over 85% of Americans) said that they would not marry someone they were not in love with and about 50% of Americans believe that they have the right to divorce when romantic love fades. These attitudes express the profound wish to combine romantic love with marriage.(Para. 8b) Moreover, a 2007 ACNiels en’s survey indicates that 70% of people surveyed said that marriage is for life and 60% said that marriage is one of their lifetime goals. Although the attitudes toward marriage are largely dominated by a country’s cultural and religious beliefs, the wish for a stable, long term relationship is still a desired goal. Little wonder that most romantic movies end in marriage or very close to it.(Para. 9a) Romantic love involves commitment, and commitment is enforced by marriage, which imposes constraints against any reduction to that commitment. In this way, the chains of marriage may enhance love. But in ideal love, commitment is internal; it does not stem from external and imposed chains, but from intrinsically valuable attitudes toward the beloved.(Para. 9b) The great problem that the chains of marriage generate is that they may kill novelty and change, which is of great value in enhancing passion. As Stephen Mitchell indicates, “ Love and marriage may go together like a horse and carria ge, but it is crucial that the horse of passion quickly betethered by the weight of the carriage of respectability to prevent runaways.” However, the chain of the carriage may be unbearable and may kill the horse.(Para. 10) In modern society, the greater availability of love outside marriage has forcedpeople to give love a more significant place in marriage. Alas, the duration of each instance of this love is often limited. It is a situation of having shorter but higher quality romantic relationships. Sometimes the higher quality provides the circumstances for longer relationships. This quality may enhance the strength of a specific romantic relationship, but it may also make another potential relationship be perceived as more attractive.(Para. 11) The marital paradox of pursuing an ideal that one is most likely to fail to achieve could be resolved if we were to accept the possibility of having shorter marriages, in which love is more likely to remain alive. Another way to solve the paradox would be to accept that marriage should essentially involve acompanionable love rather than a romantic one; if romantic love and passionate sex do occur in a marriage, it should be seen as a fortunate bonus. Many people adopt this view. However, most people still seek to combine romantic love with marriage or attempt to find some other long-term romantic relationship.(Para. 12) Despite the above difficulties Arlene Skolnick argues that “The death of marriage has been proclaimed countless times in American history; and yet no matter how many times it fails to die, the threat never seems to lose its power.” I join Skolnick in this claim, but would add that marriage seems to be losing its unique, exclusive place and some of its main characteristics.(Para. 13) The above considerations can be encapsulated in the following statement that a lover might express: “Darling, if our marriage is going to be short, please try to fix the house and make love to me as much as possib le while you are still around.”。

The NewSchool Choice (=option)By Mary Lord[1] When a form letter from the school district arrived earlier this summer, Terri Wooten, PTA president at ParklaneElementary School in East Point, Ga., did what any busy, single mother of four might do. She set (put) it aside after a quickglance. It wasn't until another parent asked about " this letter saying we have to send our kids" to another school that Wooten took a closer look. Not only was Parklane failing, she read; a new federal law gave her children the right to transferto a school with better test scores.[2] Education reform is hitting home this summer. Early 2002, President Bush signed the mammoth (great/ important)No Child Left Behind Act, vowing to free "children trapped (cornered) in schools that will not change and will not teach". Now, students in 8, 652 chronically low-performingschools announced by the U. S. Department of Education on July 1, 2002 must weigh whether to jump ship in the next few days—while school districts scramble (compete) to accommodate thousands of students eligible to seize (catch) that option.[3] School-choice advocates like (such as) Jeanne Allen, president of the Center for Education Reform, a Washington, D. C. based proponent of charter schools, call the reforms a "wake-up call (warning)" that will prod (urge) schools to improve. But the immediate impact (influence) for many principals, teachers, and students struggling in the educational trenches is bewilderment (confusion)—and turmoil (disturbance). The law, they contend (argue), sets lofty standards without telling school districts how to reach them.[4] In Chicago, the mandate (law)—which Mayor Richard Daley recently called "ridiculous" —would allow nearly 125, 000 of the city's pupils to transfer from 179 low-performing schools, swamping the 3, 000 available seats. Last week, the school system didn't even know if it could muster (collect) enough buses, let alone (not to mention) pay the drivers. Other cities face similar squeezes: New York City's numbers could top 385, 000, while Baltimore's 30, 000 eligible students will draw (compete) for 194 seats in 11 schools. [Although few families typically choose (decided) to transfer, school districts still need to be prepared.][5] The turmoil (confusion/ disturbance)is hardly limited (confined) to troubled urban (to fish in troubled water; <->rural) cores. Lovejoy Elementary, the lone (only) grammar school in St. Clair, Illinois, landed on (enlisted) the list of low performers. So did La Costa Canyon High, a top-achieving school in Carlsbad, Calif., that sends 98 percent of its grads to college and won a federal Blue Ribbon award for excellence in May. It "failed" because test scores for its 170 low-income children sagged by 8 points over the past two years. And Hawaii, with 50, 000 eligible transferees, is looking at busing costs of $ 9, 000 per kid annually on the sparsely populated big island. "We need to be accountable (responsible) to our public, but we need to look at all the measurements," says La Costa Canyon Principal Margie Bulkin. So far (up till now), she reports, "Not one single parent has called to say they want to leave."[6] In many places, that may be because families don't know they can. Schools are deemed (seen) deficient (incompetent) if they fail to show "adequate (proper/ enough) yearly improvement" on state proficiency tests for two years in a row (continuously). But there's no federal master list of poor performers that parents can consult. Instead (On the contrary), the government requires states to identify individual laggards (low performers) and break out(divided by) scores by race and income. Few have stampeded to publish user-friendly rosters (notice), something the new law alsomandates (ordered).[7] Part of the confusion stems from the lack of federal guidance for interpreting (explaining) the new statute (law). Tests vary from state to state. So does the definition of improvement. Which may explain why Arkansas and Wyoming wound up (finished) with no failing schools, but Michigan, with rigorous standards and demanding assessments (evaluation) in science and writing, topped the charts with 1, 513—nearly a third of the state's schools. "Implementation (Carrying out) is going to be messy," acknowledges Under Secretary of Education Eugene Hickok, the former Pennsylvania schoolchief, adding that states shouldn't profess surprise. Education Secretary Rod Paige has briefed superintendents and spoken nationwide about the reforms. And even if there's not "a whole lot of room (space) for a whole lot of choice" yet in cities like New York or Chicago, says Hickok, "the law's the law".[8] The good news. In the meantime (at the same time), bad publicity (臭名远扬) is giving failing schools like (such as) Orlando's Mollie Ray Elementary, which is losing 175 of its 734 students, a jolt (dose) of support. After the school's "double F" status hit the media, businesses called to donate computers—and the technicians to wire and repair them. A home-builders association is organizing volunteers to help tutor kids and retrofit classrooms. "A lot of good things are going to come out of it," predicts Principal Joy Taylor. Among them: The exodus means small classes of 15 pupils this fall instead of the usual 20 or more, allowing more individualized instruction.[9] Terri Wooten hopes Parklane Elementary will benefit from similar efforts, since she's keeping her kids there. She says test scores don't reflect the school's many good teachers, its strong principal (determined), or its accelerated reading program. "It's easy to bail out and hop on someone else's bandwagon," says Wooten. "But we have the potential to be great, just like everyone else in this nation. Why don't we create our own bandwagon (fashion/ style)?" (844 words)/ benefit sb./ benefit from sth.ABOUT THE AUTHORMary Lord is a contemporary American freelance writer for newspapers and magazines such as U.S. News & World Report, Associated Press. She has written many articles about American education.EXERCISESI. Reading ComprehensionAnswer the following questions or complete the following statements.1. According to the new federal law of educational reform, the unqualified schools have to _____.A. be closed in the next yearB. make room for the qualified schoolsC. transfer their students to other schoolsD. give their students freedom to go to other schools2. According to author, the new federal law has _____.A. guided the reforms of the low-performing schoolsB. stimulated the low-performing schools to improve quicklyC. caused some trouble to many schools and studentsD. set too high standards for schools to reach3. In Chicago, with the new federal law coming into effect, the school system _____.A. will have to add 122, 000 seats for the transferred studentsB. must find enough money to buy new school busesC. must find ways to improve its efficiencyD. will face some financial problems4. The implementation of the new federal law mainly affects the schools _____.A. in the countrysideB. in small townsC. in large citiesD. in various districts5. Which of the following is true about La Costa Canyon High?A. It is a top-achieving grammar school.B. It is on the list of the low-performing schools.C. The majority of its students are low-income children.D. Many poor students want to leave the school.6. The failing schools are those which _____.A. fail to improve in state proficiency tests for a successive two-year periodB. fail to improve enough in the national proficiency tests for two yearsC. are listed as poor performers by the Education DepartmentD. are identified as individual laggards by the local districts7. Confusion brought about by the new law partly comes from _____.A. the local government's misinterpretation of the new lawB. inconsistent standards of test and improvement in different statesC. the fact that there are no failing schools in some states, but too many in othersD. the different assessment standards and requirements in science and writing8. According to Education Secretary Rod Paige, _____.A. schools shouldn't be surprised by the messy implementation of the new lawB. the new law has to be implemented in spite of the difficultiesC. school superintendents will be punished if they refuse to implement the new lawD. there are already enough vacant seats for the transferred students in many schools9. The good news for failing schools is that _____.A. the government and the public will join hands to help themB. many people volunteer to teach at the schoolC. the public take action to help themD. their students will receive more individualized instruction10. Terri Wooten will keep her children in the school because she believes _____.A. her children still have the chance of success if they stayB. the new law is not beneficial to her childrenC. it is difficult for a single mother like her to have her children transferredD. the federal government will change the new law and create new bandwagonsII. VocabularyChoose the best word from the four choices given to complete each of the following sentences.1. "It was a(n) _____ task," Sybille recalled, "because it was really the first big party Laura had given in her life."A. ridiculousB. rigorousC. accountableD. mammoth2. About one-third of the adult homeless are _____ mentally ill, and about half are alcoholic or abuse drugs.A. chronicallyB. sparsely (<->intensively)C. adequatelyD. individually3. We spent a wonderful day at her home, and all the guests were well _____.A. implemented (carried out)B. acknowledgedC. contended (argued)D. accommodated4. (Contrast<->)Compared to voter participation rates of citizens in other democracies, participation in American elections is low; slightly more than 50 percent of those _____ participate in national presidential elections.A. feasible (=practicable)B. availableC. eligibleD. accessible5. I can only reduce the painful uncertainty and _____ of those first few days by learning relevant information quickly.A. swampB. bewilderment (confusion)C. chronicleD. publicity6. The _____ in the 1960s and early 1970s were marked by protest and violence on college campuses over United States involvement in the war in VietnamA. exodusB. optionC. turmoilD. squeeze7. Non-nuclear Weapons Agreements signed in 1972 restricted or eliminated the production and use of biological and chemical weapons. It also _____ destruction of existing stocks of weapons by the year 2005.A. mandated (ordered)B. advocatedC. seized (caught)D. banned8. Nor am I suggesting (indicating) that black children are somehow (=for reasons unknown) linguistically _____, or unable to separate standard English.A. deficientB. demandingC. laggedD. accelerated9. When twelve women who_____ to be virgins were found, only two would swear an oath to that effect, but the executors decided to take the women's word for it (=consider sth. true).A. deemed (seen)B. tutoredC. professedD. donated10. (pessimistic: a.->) Pessimism has prevailed for some time, and now the economicA. chartB. coreB. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each wordor expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.let alone w ind up draw lots vow w eighin a row bail out hop on lofty brief1. Only I don't know how I should set about finding a home,let aloneone that she would be happy in. [If only I could fly]2. The players alternate between the white and black pieces and draw lotsto determine who plays white in today's first game.3. Three (positive<->)negative reports in a rowwould be a strong indication that the disease had been arrested (controlled).4. But it was now three o'clock in the morning and the debate was quicklywound up with thethat gets into trouble, the likelihood (possibility) of has not changed enough to affect its ratings. (the capital bank)6. A very lazy way to spend a day in the sun, is to buy a day ticket andhop onand off the boats and in and out of the many cafes and restaurants dotted around the lake.7. They won't quit. They vowto fight the system in court, if necessary.8. You have to be careful and weighthe advantages of their appearance against thedisadvantages of their potential to distract from the message.9. But while their leaders considered theseloftygoals, the party's bureaucrats had more immediate problems on their hands—the prospect of unemployment.10. I'm wellbriefedon the subject, this isn't my own knowledge.III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the right word or phrase from the list given belowfor each of the blanks. Change the form if necessary.in response to live with reassure matter given (if consideration is given to sth.) predictorrank by contrast/ compare withall but (except)generationWhen our daughter went to public school, she came home talking about the subjects she was taught at school and we learned to 1 live with (=tolerate) her courses. But then, one evening when she was in eighth grade, I saw her using a calculator to compute ten percent of 470. I asked her, "Are the other kids (children) this (so) dumb(dull/ stupid)?" My straight-A child 2 reassured (~ sb. of sth.) me: "Oh, they are much dumber."That night I began researching math education and the educational reform. 3 Given (If consideration is given to the fact that…)what I learned, it didn't surprise me that the United States 4 ranked only 28th among 41 nations surveyed in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study. With new and untested theory of the educational reform, today's U. S. math educators have 5 all but (=only) eliminated numbers. They are creating a 6 generation of mathematical fools.The problem is the textbooks. I thought my daughter's math book was her social-science text. It has color photos, essays on African tribes and questions such as "What role should zoos play in today's society?" 7 By contrast the Japanese, who ranked third in the international survey, have texts all about math.My daughter's textbook and others like it were created 8 in response to standards developed by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. The idea behind the standards is that a "conceptual understanding" of math, not problems and practice, is what 9 matters. These standards fail to recognize that the memorization of basic math facts is an important skill and 10predictor of future success.IV. TranslationPut the following parts into Chinese.1. Early 2002, President Bush signed the mammoth No Child Left Behind Act, vowing to free "children trapped in schools that will not change and will not teach". Now, students in 8, 652 chronically Low-performing schools announced by the U. S. Department of Education July 1, 2002 must weigh whether to jump ship in the next few days—while school districts scramble to accommodate thousands of students eligible to seize that option.20XX年初布什总统签署了一项《不让一个孩子落后》的重大法案，誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来。