公司金融经典文献必读目录（契约理论部分）
编者：周业安
中国人民大学经济学院 2005年3月7日
一、基本文献——MM定理：
1、Modigliani, Franco and Merton H. Miller (1958), “The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance, an of Investment,” American Economic Review 48: 261-297. 中译本参见卢俊（2003）《资本结构理论研究译文三联书店，上海人民出版社，ISBN 7-208-04705-7。第1－51页。
2、Miller, Merton H. (1977), “Debt and Taxes,” Journal of Finance 32: 261-275.中译本参见卢俊（2－290页。
3、Miller, Merton H. (1988), “The M-M Proposition s After 30 Years,” Journal of Economic Perspective （见电子版）
二、基本文献——代理理论：
1、Jensen, Michael C. and William H. Meckling (1976), “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior,Agency Costs and O Structure,” Journal of Financial Economics 3: 305-360. 中译本参见卢俊（2003）第184－265页。
2、Jensen, Michael C. (1986), “Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers,” American Econom 323-329. （见电子版）
三、基本文献——信息不对称模型：
1、Ross, Stephen A., 1977, “The Determination of Financial Structure: The Incentive-Signalling App Bell Journal of Economics, Vol.8(1), pp:23-40.参见电子版。
2、Myers, Stewart C. (1984), “The Capital Structure Puzzle,” Journal of Finance 39: 575-592. 中译本参见卢俊（2003）页。
3、Myers, Stewart C. and N. Majluf (1984), “Co rporate Financing and Investment Decisions when Firms Have Informa Investors Do Not Have,” Journal of Financial Economics 13: 187-222. 参见Michael J. Brennan, 1996, The Theory Finance, Vol.1，An Elgar Reference Collection. 第207－241页。
四、基本文献——完全合同模型：
1、Townsend, R. M. 1979. “Optimal contracts and competitive markets with costly state verification”.Journal of Econo 265-93. 参见电子版。
2、Gale, D. and M. Hellwig 1985. “Incentive compatible debt contracts: the one-period problem”.Review of Economic Studies52:647-63. 参见电子版。
五、经验实证：
1、Fama, E., and K. French 2002. Testing trade-off and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt, Review of F Studies 15, 1-33. 参见电子版。
2、Graham, J., Harvey, C. 2001. The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field. Journal of Finan Economics 60, 187-243. 参见电子版。
3、Murray Z. Frank and Vidhan K. Goyal，2004. Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors are Reliably Important? Sa Business, University of British Columbia, Working paper. 参见电子版。
六、基本文献——不完全合同模型：
1、哈特，1998，《企业、合同与财务结构》，上海三联书店，上海人民出版社，中译本， ISBN 7-208－02823－
2、Grossman, Sanford, and Oliver Hart, 1986, “The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Journal of Political Economy, 94:691-719. 也可以在Foss编的论文集中找到。Nicolai J. Foss(ed.), 2000, The Theory Vol. III, London and New York: Routledge.第63－89页。
3、Aghion, P. and P. Bolton. “ An incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting”. Revie w of Economic Studies ,1992(59):473-94.
文献出处: Waitz M. The small and medium-sized enterprise financing under P2P finance [J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016, 8(6): 81-91. 原文 The small and medium-sized enterprise financing under P2P finance Waitz M Abstract Small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult is worldwide difficult problem. Article introduces the concept of the Internet financial, mainly summarized the P2P financial in the development of financial innovation and integration of science and technology, a combination of academic research on P2P financial now of the five directions of various views and opinions. Points out the current P2P financial problems in the development of risk control, and analyses the trend of the Internet financial. Keywords: P2P financial; Financial innovation; Risk control 1 Introduction Look from the history of enterprise development, a large enterprise originate from small and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) is the most dynamic part of the national economy, often walk in the forefront of technology development, in the high-tech industry, clean energy, green economy, etc, have good performance, play an important role in the economic transformation. Small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult is worldwide difficult problem. These small and medium-sized enterprise financing environment and narrow channels, more than 60% are unable to get a bank loan. At present, science and technology enterprises and the characteristics of light assets, financing difficulties, become a huge bottleneck of sustainable development. 2 The concept of the Internet financial In the past two years, the Internet financial show explosive growth, since 2014, the Internet financial sector performance strength. Current economic field exists the phenomenon of two special contradiction, one is the small and medium-sized
本份文档包含：关于该选题的外文文献、文献综述 一、外文文献 标题: Online brokers lead the way for French internet finance 作者: Caffard, Christophe 期刊名称: International Financial Law Review 卷: 20；期: 3；页: 20-24 Online brokers lead the way for French internet finance 1 Regulated brokers Regulated brokers are legal entities which have an investment services licence and are subject to the prudential regulations of the Comite de Reglementation Bancaire et Financiere (CRBF) and the Conseil des Marches Financiers (CMF). * Choice of legal form: regulated brokers are not required to be incorporated in a specific legal form; however, under article 13 of the MAF Law, the CECEI checks whether the legal form of the brokerage company is appropriate for providing investment services. In practice, any type of commercial company is admitted: societes de capitaux (limited companies) or societes de personnes (partnerships). The formalities of share transfer, tax and the scope of liability of a company's management will be relevant factors to the choice of legal form. * Application for an investment services licence from the CECEI: the most important part of the application is the description of the investment services, and a business plan including prospective financial statements for the following three years. The CMF will check whether the business plan is consistent with the investment services licence requested by the broker. The CECEI will ensure that the applicant's own initial funds are consistent with the business plan. The scope of the investment services licence is variable and covers one or more ofthe following investment services: Reception and transmission of orders to another investment services provider on behalf of investors, for execution. This is the core investment service provided by the
译文 银行业是必要的而银行不是，互联网时代的金融中介机构的未来 摘要 本文探讨了互联网时代下金融机构和银行作为特殊的金融机构的未来可能是怎样的问题。由于互联网而导致的交易费用的减少会降低进入金融产品市场的壁垒，因为有可能不再需要运行成本密集型的分支的大型系统。但是，对金融机构的职能研究表明，不是每个人都可以销售和经销金融产品。这是真的，因为金融业务中的信息不对称问题需要一个拥有良好信誉的中介，也因为需要限制大型资本基金转换资产的风险。这两个要求变现了进入金融中介市场的重要壁垒。并不是每一个金融产品会因为互联网的崛起而将面临更多的竞争，只有那些标准化和低风险的产品。此外，那些拥有可观资本和良好声誉的大公司可能被视为银行的新竞争者。 关键字：银行业，银行，金融机构，互联网 1、引言 “银行业是19世纪的钢铁行业。”当谈到关于新的信息技术对银行的影响的谈论时，这句话经常被提起。更一般来说，可能有人会问，新信息技术是如何成功的，特别是互联网的，可能会改变商业和金融机构的市场情况。在互联网的帮助下，人们可以执行所有银行的业务，而不需要银行。这意味着传统银行分支机构的中介。此外，互联网已经使客户直接从网上购买股票而不需要访问当地的分支银行。从更广泛的意义上来说，在互联网的帮助下，金融市场的供给和需求可能通过互联网满足，而不需要金融中介机构。互联网的崛起是否真的是金融中介机构的威胁？在急剧减少的交易成本情况下，商业和竞争将如何变化？本文考察了互联网的成功对金融机构和银行的影响。 2、金融机构的发展 几个世纪以来，许多金融交易需要个人的存在。随着现代信息技术的发展，这些都被改变了。如今，客户可以在不进入当地分支银行的情况下进行任何金融交易。转移支付和支付账单可以通过网络进行，个人金融交易以及关于金融问题的信息咨询业可以通过网络进行。此外，互联网创新类似智能卡或者其他电子支付系统消除了为了得到一些现金而访问分支银行的需要。 但是互联网也会改变咨询活动：在许多情况下，它甚至可能减少个人存在的
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 财务报表分析 A.财务比率 我们需要使用财务比率来分析财务报表，比较财务报表的分析方法不能真正有效的得出想要的结果，除非采取的是研究在报表中项目与项目之间关系的形式。例如，只是知道史密斯公司在一个特定的日期中拥有10000美元的现金余额，对我们是没有多大价值的。但是，假如我们知道，这种余额在这种平衡中有4%的流动负债，而一年前的现金余额有25%的流动负债。由于银行家对公司通常要求现金余额保持在银行信用度的20%，不管使用或不使用，如果公司的财务状况出现问题，我们可以立即发现。 我们可以对比比较财务报表中的项目，作出如下结论： 1. 项目之间的资产负债表比较： a）在资产负债表中的一个日期之间的比较，例如项目，现金与流动负债相比； b）同一项目在资产负债表中一个日期与另一个日期之间的比较，例如，现在的现金与一年前比较； c）比较两个项目之间在资产负债表中一个日期和一个相似比率在资产负债表中的另一个日期的比率，例如，现在现金流动负债的比率与另一个项目一年前的相似比率和已经标记的现金状况趋势的比较。 2．项目报表中收入和支出的比较： a）一定时期中的报表项目的比较； b）同一项目在报表中现阶段与上个阶段的比较； c）报表中项目之间的比率与去年相似比率的比较； 3．资产负债表中的项目与报表中收入和支出项目的比较： a）在这些报表项目之间的一个给定的时间内，例如，今年净利润可能以百分比计算今年净值； b）两个报表中项目之间的比率在这几年时间的比较，例如，净利润的比率占今年净值的百分比与去年或者前年的相似比率的比较 如果我们采用上述比较或比率，然后依次比较它们，我们的比较分析结果将获得重要意义：
互联网金融对传统金融业的影响外文文献翻译(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 译文： 互联网金融对传统金融业的影响 摘要 网络的发展，深刻地改变甚至颠覆了许多传统行业，金融业也不例外。近年来，金融业成为继商业分销、传媒之后受互联网影响最为深远的领域，许多基于互联网的金融服务模式应运而生，并对传统金融业产生了深刻的影响和巨大的冲击。“互联网金融”成为社会各界关注的焦点。 互联网金融低成本、高效率、关注用户体验，这些特点使其能够充分满足传统金融“长尾市场”的特殊需求，灵活提供更为便捷、高
效的金融服务和多样化的金融产品，大大拓展了金融服务的广度和深度，缩短了人们在时空上的距离，建立了一种全新的金融生态环境；可以有效整合、利用零散的时间、信息、资金等碎片资源，积少成多，形成规模效益，成为各类金融服务机构新的利润增长点。此外，随着互联网金融的不断渗透和融合，将给传统金融行业带来新的挑战和机遇。互联网金融可以促进传统银行业的转型，弥补传统银行在资金处理效率、信息整合等方面的不足；为证券、保险、基金、理财产品的销售与推广提供新渠道。对于很多中小企业来说，互联网金融拓展了它们的融资渠道，大大降低了融资门槛，提高了资金的使用效率。但是，互联网金融的跨行业性决定了它的风险因素更为复杂、敏感、多变，因此要处理好创新发展与市场监管、行业自律的关系。 关键词：互联网金融；商业银行；影响；监管 1 引言 互联网技术的不断发展，云计算、大数据、社交网络等越来越多的互联网应用为传统行业的业务发展提供了有力支持，互联网对传统行业的渗透程度不断加深。20世纪末，微软总裁比尔盖茨就曾断言，“传统商业银行会成为新世纪的恐龙”。如今，随着互联网电子信息技术的发展，我们真切地感受到了这种趋势，移动支付、电子银行早已在我们的日常生活中占据了重要地位。 由于互联网金融的概念几乎完全来自于商业实践，因此目前的研究多集中在探讨互联网金融的具体模式上，而对传统金融行业的影响力分析和应对措施则缺乏系统性研究。互联网与金融行业一向是风险
互联网金融安全中英文对照外文翻译文献 中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
Database Security in a Web Environment Introduction Databases have been common in government departments and commercial enterprises for many years. Today, databases in any organization are increasingly opened up to a multiplicity of suppliers, customers, partners and employees - an idea that would have been unheard of a few years ago. Numerous applications and their associated data are now accessed by a variety of users requiring different levels of access via manifold devices and channels – often simultaneously. For example: ? Online banks allow customers to perform a variety of banking operations - via the Internet and over the telephone – whilst maintaining the privacy of account data. ? E-Commerce merchants and their Service Providers must store customer, order and payment data on their merchant server - and keep it secure. ? HR departments allow employees to update their personal information –whilst protecting certain management information from unauthorized access. ? The medical profession must protect the confidentiality of patient data –whilst allowing essential access for treatment. ? Online brokerages need to be able to provide large numbers of simultaneous users with up-to-date and accurate financial information. This complex landscape leads to many new demands upon system security. The global growth of complex web-based infrastructures is driving a need for security solutions that provide mechanisms to segregate environments; perform integrity checking and maintenance; enable strong authentication and non-repudiation; and provide for confidentiality. In turn, this necessitates comprehensive business and technical risk assessment to identify the threats,
文献信息： 文献标题：INTERNET FINANCE: DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND ALTERNATIVE FINANCE LIBERATING THE CAPITAL MARKETS（互联网金融：数字货币和替代金融解放资本市场） 国外作者：Kim Wales 文献出处：《Journal of Governance and Regulation》, 2015,4(1):190-201 字数统计：英文2505单词，13427字符；中文4405汉字 外文文献： INTERNET FINANCE: DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND ALTERNATIVE FINANCE LIBERATING THE CAPITAL MARKETS Abstract This article discusses how the sudden shift in policy reform and innovation has the potential to liberate the financial markets. The economic potential of internet finance is beginning to take hold across the capital markets as industries like Peer–to–Peer Lending, Equity and Debt based Crowdfunding and virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies which are types of digital currency are quickly transforming the way businesses are being financed. From borrowing and lending, buying and selling securities, to conducting wire transfers internationally, these innovations are creating a new class and generation of investors will source investments opportunities. Helping institutions and governments assess risks and manage performance in order to determine where to deploy capital; and showing signs of lessening the inequality gap. Following the neolithic agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution, this new revolution will enable more people to access financial services in less traditional ways, especially the unbanked world with its huge potential. These new financial opportunities, such as peer –to - peer (P2P) lending, will be discussed and examined, and we will stress how they can allow people to bypass
外文出处：DeBonisR, Silvestrini A. Internet finance and its influence ontraditional banking [J]. Applied FinancialEconomics, 2016,3(5):409-425. 原文 Internetfinanceanditsinfluenceontraditionalbanking De BonisR, SilvestriniA A b stracts With the rapid development of information technology, Internet financialmodel graduallyrise.ThispapersummarizestheInternetfinancialmodelonthebasisofth e concept, features and functions of Internet financial model in strategy,customer channels,financing, pricingand financial disintermediation of the impact of the tra di ti o nal c om mercial bank. T his paper a r g ue s t hat Inte rne t financ i al m ode l in the short term will not stand in the way of commercial bank's traditional business modelandprofit,butinthelongtermcommercialBanksshoulduseoftheInternetfinancial model, in order to obtain the new development. At the same time, the sustainedandhealthy development of the Internet industry to rely on Internet financialenterprises e lf-di s c i pli ne,posit i ve i nnovat i on,but a lsoattrac t m orec us t ome rs,strengt he nt h e construction ofsystemsecurity. Key words: Financial innovation; Internet financial; Financialdisintermediation At p r e s ent, m obi le payment, online ba nking, m obil e ba nki ng and financ i al businessinChina'sbooming financialinnovationssuchascloud,thusformedanew kind of financial model -- the Internet finance. Big data era and brand creation,spread tothedevelopmentoffinancialinstitutionsisbothachallengeandopportunity.Alo ng with the development of the Internet financial, emerging Internet traditionalfinancialcompanies and financial institutions will be a fierce competition, the future mayeven change thetraditional financial management mode and operationpattern. The Inter net financial concepts, features andfunctions The concept of the Inter net financial. After years of development, Internet companies stay in business does not provide
文献出处:RICHARD C. Internet Finance's Impact on Traditional Finance [J]. The Journal of International Finance, 2014, 6(12): 13-29. （本译文归百度文库所有，完整译文请到百度文库） 原文 Internet Finance's Impact on Traditional Finance RICHARD C Abstract With the advent of the era of web2.0, Banks have full access to the Internet age, the large data of the Internet is profoundly affects the future of the Banks, represented by the Banks of financial enterprises and represented by electric business enterprise Internet companies, is a financial of the Internet and the Internet financialization swing. The large data of the Internet is profoundly affecting the bank's future development direction, it also marks a new era of financial, the rapid development of Internet financial, also brought unprecedented challenges to electronic banking, regardless of technical strength, talent resources level, or the problem such as system innovation are all faced with great challenge and opportunity. Key words: Internet financial; Electronic banking; Third-party payment; big data 1 The concepts of Internet financial Internet finance is the product of the combination of both financial and Internet, is to use the Internet technology and mobile communication technology to realize capital flow and information transfer mode of new financial, Internet financial is different from traditional finance: financial business adopted by the media, financial participants direct contact through the Internet, make the transparency of financial business, higher intermediate cheaper, more convenient way. The current Internet financial landscape, is made up of traditional financial institutions and non-financial institutions. Traditional financial institutions are mainly the Internet innovation of traditional financial business and electricity, such as innovation, non-financial institutions mainly refers to the use of Internet technologies
文献出处:Ramsey; Labored. Internet Finance's Impact on Traditional Finance [J]. The Journal of International Finance, 2014, 16(2): 31-49. 原文 Internet Finance's Impact on Traditional Finance Ramsey; Labored. Abstract As the advances in modern information and Internet technology, especially the develop of cloud computing, big data, mobile Internet, search engines and social networks, profoundly change, even subvert many traditional industries, and the financial industry is no exception. In recent years, financial industry has become the most far-reaching area influenced by Internet, after commercial distribution and the media. Many Internet-based financial service models have emerged, and have had a profound and huge impact on traditional financial industries. "Internet-Finance" has win the focus of public attention. Internet-Finance is low cost, high efficiency, and pays more attention to the user experience, and these features enable it to fully meet the special needs of traditional "long tail financial market", to flexibly provide more convenient and efficient financial services and diversified financial products, to greatly expand the scope and depth of financial services, to shorten the distance between people space and time, and to establish a new financial environment, which effectively integrate and take use of fragmented time, information, capital and other scattered resources, then add up to form a scale, and grow a new profit point for various financial institutions. Moreover, with the continuous penetration and integration in traditional financial field, Internet-Finance will bring new challenges, but also opportunities to the traditional. It contribute to the transformation of the traditional commercial banks, compensate for the lack of efficiency in funding process and information integration, and provide new distribution channels for securities, insurance, funds and other financial products. For many SMEs, Internet-Finance extend their financing channels, reduce their financing threshold, and improve their efficiency in using funds. However, the cross-industry nature of the Internet Finance determines its risk factors are more complex, sensitive
金融科技和金融采购4.0外文翻译2018-2019 英文 Fintech and Procurement Finance 4.0 Bernardo Nicoletti Abstract The future of procurement finance is connected to the digital transformation, which in the case of procurement finance is a digital revolution connected with Business 4.0. The correct concept is to consider procurement finance 4.0 as a platform, with several actors—proprietors, providers, producers, and purchasers—with interchangeable roles. Fintech organizations are and will play more and more an important role in this new vision. At the same time, the technological solution which can make all this possible is blockchain, whose characteristics are more and more appreciated around the world. The digital transformation can gain a lot also from artificial intelligence and mobility. Keywords: Industry 4.0，Procurement 4.0，Procurement finance，Platform，Open banking，Blockchain，Smart contracts，Artificial intelligence，B2B cloud ，Fintech Introduction This chapter analyzes the future of procurement finance, in terms of potential organizational and technological developments, and defines it
译文： 互联网货币基金对商业银行经营的影响 巴塞尔 本文运用了商业银行经营管理理论和资本资产定价模型，分析了互联网货币基金的金融产品属性、特点和优势，并分别就互联网货币基金的第三方支付功能和代销基金功能影响商业银行的经营情况和效果进行了定性分析。在此基础上，本文对互联网货币基金影响银行绩效又进行了定量研究。上述研究表明：互联网货币基金不仅对商业银行同类型的理财产品造成了冲击，还对商业银行的支付业务、存款业务、中间业务产生了替代效应，进而影响到银行的经营绩效。 1互联网货币基金概述 1.1 互联网货币基金的概念 互联网货币基金是第三方支付与货币市场基金在互联网平台融合的产物，兼备第三方支付平台的流动性、货币市场基金的收益性以及互联网金融产品的便利性。虽然说单纯的货币市场基金并非互联网金融的产物；但是其在与互联网技术、第三方支付平台融合后，改变了原有金融产品在流动性、安全性和收益率三者的平衡点，颠覆了传统金融产品格局。 值得注意的是，简单的互联网代销货币基金模式可以为基金销售提供便利，但是并不能改变货币市场基金作为一款基金产品在流动性方面的限制，只是在其对接第三方支付平台实现了 T+0 赎回后，其产品属性才得到了本质的提升。互联网货币基金之所以能超越其他基金产品，进而在金融产品属性上产生质的飞越，离不开第三方支付平台的高速发展、迅速普及。第三方支付是通过互联网在客户、第三方支付公司和银行之间建立链接，帮助客户快速实现货币支付、资金结算等功能，同时也起到了信用担保和技术保障等作用。来自艾瑞咨询的数据显示，2013 年度，我国第三方互联网支付市场交易规模达 53729.8 亿元，同比增速达 46.8% ；同时，在其内部结构占比中，互联网金融元年爆发的基金申购市场也一跃成为仅次于网络购物和航空客票的第三大细分市场，占比为 10.5%。据此测算，2013年通过第三方互联网支付申购货币基金的规模约为5641.63 亿元。 1.2 互联网货币基金的现状
互联网金融外文文献翻译 (文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 译文： 互联网金融对传统金融业的影响 摘要 网络的发展，深刻地改变甚至颠覆了许多传统行业，金融业也不例外。近年来，金融业成为继商业分销、传媒之后受互联网影响最为深远的领域，许多基于互联网的金融服务模式应运而生，并对传统金融业产生了深刻的影响和巨大的冲击。“互联网金融”成为社会各界关注的焦点。 互联网金融低成本、高效率、关注用户体验，这些特点使其能够充分满足传统金融“长尾市场”的特殊需求，灵活提供更为便捷、高
效的金融服务和多样化的金融产品，大大拓展了金融服务的广度和深度，缩短了人们在时空上的距离，建立了一种全新的金融生态环境；可以有效整合、利用零散的时间、信息、资金等碎片资源，积少成多，形成规模效益，成为各类金融服务机构新的利润增长点。此外，随着互联网金融的不断渗透和融合，将给传统金融行业带来新的挑战和机遇。互联网金融可以促进传统银行业的转型，弥补传统银行在资金处理效率、信息整合等方面的不足；为证券、保险、基金、理财产品的销售与推广提供新渠道。对于很多中小企业来说，互联网金融拓展了它们的融资渠道，大大降低了融资门槛，提高了资金的使用效率。但是，互联网金融的跨行业性决定了它的风险因素更为复杂、敏感、多变，因此要处理好创新发展与市场监管、行业自律的关系。 关键词：互联网金融；商业银行；影响；监管 1 引言 互联网技术的不断发展，云计算、大数据、社交网络等越来越多的互联网应用为传统行业的业务发展提供了有力支持，互联网对传统行业的渗透程度不断加深。20世纪末，微软总裁比尔盖茨就曾断言，“传统商业银行会成为新世纪的恐龙”。如今，随着互联网电子信息技术的发展，我们真切地感受到了这种趋势，移动支付、电子银行早已在我们的日常生活中占据了重要地位。 由于互联网金融的概念几乎完全来自于商业实践，因此目前的研究多集中在探讨互联网金融的具体模式上，而对传统金融行业的影响力分析和应对措施则缺乏系统性研究。互联网与金融行业一向是风险