第23章地理和历史
23.1 复习笔记
Ⅰ. Geographical Features
1. Size and location
2. T opography
3. Climate
4. Geographical regions
(1) Atlantic Provinces
(2) St. Lawrence-Great Lakes provinces
(3) The Canadian Shield
(4) The Prairie Provinces
(5) The province of British Columbia
(6) The northern Canada
Ⅱ. The Making of Canada
1. The European discovery
2. British Canada
3. Self-government and Confederation
4. The Canadian nation
Ⅰ. Geographical Features
1. Size and location
①Canada is the world’s second largest country after Russia. It has a land area of about 10 million square kilometers.
②Canada is wilderness, forest or frozen Arctic wasteland. Nearly 80 % of Canadians live in large cities near the border with the United States.
Ⅰ. 地理特征
1. 面积和位置
①加拿大是世界上面积第二大国家，仅次于俄罗斯。它的土地面积约1000万平方公里。
②加拿大大部分是荒野，森林或冰冻的北极荒地。近80%的加拿大人居住在美国边境附近的大城市里。
2. T opography
①Canada has an extremely varied topography. In the east the mountainous Maritime Provinces have an irregular coast line on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic. Westward towards the Pacific, the area is covered by mountain ranges from north to south including the Rockies.
②The two principal river systems are the Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence.
2. 地形
①加拿大的地形多种多样。东部多山的沿海诸省靠近圣劳伦斯河和大西洋，分布着不规则的海岸线。西太平洋地区从南到北覆盖着包括落基山脉在内的群山。
②两个主要的河流体系是麦肯齐河和圣劳伦斯河。
3. Climate
①The climate throughout Canada is varied. A humid continental climate can be found from eastern Canada to the Canadian prairie. A maritime climate is found in the southwestern part of British Columbia.
②Generally speaking the climate in Canada is unfavorable.
3. 气候
①加拿大的气候多种多样。东部地区到加拿大草原地区是潮湿的大陆性气候。不列颠哥伦比亚省西南部地区是海洋性气候。
②一般说来，加拿大的气候并不宜人。
4. Geographical regions
Canada is made up of ten provinces and two territories.
(1) Atlantic Provinces
①This region consists of hills which are northern extensions of the Appalachian Highlands and rolling plains.
②The tourist trade is an important part of the region’s economy.
4. 地理区域
加拿大由10个省和2个地区组成。
(1) 大西洋省份
①这个地区包括阿巴拉契亚高地北部延伸的丘陵和起伏的平原。
②旅游业是这个地区经济的重要组成部分。
(2) St. Lawrence-Great Lakes provinces
①This is the most highly developed part of Canada. Quebec is one of Canada’s two most important provinces. Montreal, the second largest city of Canada, is located here.
②Southeastern Ontario is the chief manufacturing district of Canada.
(2) 圣劳伦斯及五大湖省区
①这是加拿大最发达的地区。魁北克是加拿大最重要的两个省之一。加拿大第二大城市蒙特率位于此处。
②安大略省东南部是加拿大主要制造业基地。
(3) The Canadian Shield
It is a region of rounded hills, tens of thousands of lakes and swamp. The Shield contains a wealth of minerals, much water power and great forests.
(3) 加拿大地盾
该地区四面环山，有成千上万的湖泊和沼泽地。该地区有丰富的矿产和水资源，茂密的植被。
(4) The Prairie Provinces
①Much of the southern part of these provinces is made up of great stretches of level and fertile grasslands.
②The Prairie Provinces are thinly settled. Winnipeg is the chief city of the wheat region.
(4) 平原诸省
①这些省份的南部大部分蔓延着肥沃的草地。
②平原诸省人员稀少。温尼伯是产小麦的主要城市。
(5) The province of British Columbia
It is a land of rugged mountain ranges, intermountain plateaus, and fertile river valleys. Vancouve r is British Columbia’s largest city and the third largest city in Canada.
(5) 不列颠哥伦比亚省
该地区多山，山之间是高原，有肥沃的河谷。温哥华是该省最大的城市，也是加拿大第三大城市。
(6) The northern Canada
The bare, thinly settled region of northern Canada takes up four fifth of the country. The most important are the Mackenzie River and the Great Bear and Great Slave Lakes.
(6) 加拿大北部
这部分贫瘠、人烟稀少的土地占全国的五分之四，最重要的是麦肯瑟尔河，大熊湖和大奴湖。
Ⅱ. The Making of Canada
1. The European discovery
(1) John Cabot discovered and claimed Newfoundland and the east coast of
Canada in the name of King Henry Ⅶ of England in 1497.
(2) Through the seventeenth century the French settled the banks of the St.
Lawrence and Nova Scotia of Canada’s eastern coast.
(3) The French colony on the St. Lawrence was reorganized in 1763 as the British province of Quebec.
Ⅱ.加拿大的形成
1. 欧洲的发现
(1) 约翰·卡伯特在1497年在亨利七世的任命下发现并占领了纽芬兰和加拿大东海岸。
(2) 十七世纪法国人定居在了加拿大东海岸的圣劳伦斯河和新斯科特省沿岸。
(3) 1763年，法国在圣劳伦斯河的殖民地被改为英国魁北克省。
2. British Canada
(1) The Quebec Act of 1774 announced that the British Parliament granted the
people of Quebec rights as French Canadians.
(2) By an Act of 1791 Upper Canada (British) and Lower Canada (French) were created.
(3) In 1867, a federal union and was made a dominion in 1867 by the British North America Act.
2. 英国统治下的加拿大
(1) 1774年魁北克法案宣布，英国议会赋予魁北克人作为法裔加拿大人的权力。
(2) 1791年法案规定了上级加拿大人（英国人）和低级加拿大人（法国人）。
(3) 1867年英国北美法案宣布了联邦统治。
第17单元20世纪美国诗人（1） I.Fill in the blanks. 1.Author_____Title_____（南京大学2007研） The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet,black bough. 【答案】Author:Ezra Pound；Title:“In a Station of the Metro” 【解析】题目节选自庞德的《在一个地铁车站》，该诗是以一个意象作为叙述语言的典型范例。 2.Ezra Pound’s lifelong endeavor had been devoted to the writing of_____,which contains_____poems.（国际关系学院2007研） 【答案】The Cantos;117 【解析】庞德把毕生精力都投入到写作《诗章》当中，《诗章》共包括117首诗。 3.Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the“_____”movement. 【答案】imagism 【解析】庞德是意象主义运动的领军人物。 4._____was successful in two fields of activity which did not seem compatible with
one another:he was a very successful businessman and a very remarkable contemporary poet at the same time.（人大2006研） 【答案】Wallace Stevens 【解析】华莱士·史蒂文斯(Wallace Stevens)是美国20世纪的著名诗人。他集企业家和诗人于一身。 5.Winner of the National Book Award in1950and the Pulitzer Prize in1963,______ is the author of the five-volume epic Paterson which is a lucid statement of the author’s aesthetics. 【答案】William Carlos Williams 【解析】威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯的代表作是《佩特森》，它清晰地表达了诗人的美学观点。 6.At the age of44,Wallace Stevens was finally persuaded to publish a book of poems,entitled_____. 【答案】Harmonium 【解析】1923年，44岁的华莱士-史蒂文斯出版了他的第一部诗集《风琴》（Harmonium）。 7.After his death,Wallace Stevens’s previously uncollected works appeared under the title_____. 【答案】Opus Posthumous 【解析】华莱士·史蒂文斯死后，其之前未收集的诗作集合成册于1957年发表，名为《遗作》(Opus Posthumous)。
美国文学笔记 I. Colonial Period（殖民地时期）（约1607-1765） II. The Revolutionary period（革命时期) :( 1765-18世纪末）Benjamin Franklin（1706-1790） III.The Romantic period （浪漫主义时期）: （1800-1865）Edgar Allan Poe（1809-1849） Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) Henry Daivd Thoreau (1817-1862) Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) Herman Melville (1819-1891) Walt Whitman (1819~1892) Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) IV.The Realism and Naturalism（现实主义和自然主义) : （1865-1918） Mark Twain (1835-1910) Henry James (1843-1916) Stephen Crane (1881-1900) V. The Modern period (现代主义时期）: 1918-1945 F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) William Faulkner (1897-1962) Ernest Hemingway (1899—1961) Ezra Pound (1885—1972) Robert Frost（1847-1963） Eugene O’ Neil (1888-1953) VI. Contemporary literature（当代文学):（1945- ） I. Colonial Period（殖民地时期）（约1607-1765） II. The Revolutionary period（革命时期): (1765-18世纪末）Benjamin Franklin（1706-1790）： 1. Summary: One of the greatest founding fathers of the American Nation First great self-made man in America
2020年成人高考高起点历史地理模拟试题（1） 一、选择题：1～40小题。每小题2分。共80分。在每小题给出的四个选项中。选出一项符合题目要求的。 1．元朝时，民族融合出现了高潮，主要原因是 ( ) A．对外交往频繁 B．实行了民族平等政策 C．实行了行省制度 D．完成了国家统一 2．下列内容不是汉高祖时期的休养生息政策的是 ( ) A．让士兵复员生产，免除若干年徭役 B．让逃亡的人回家，恢复原有田宅 C．把因饥饿卖身为奴的人释放为平民 D．两次减租为三十税一，并且十多年不收田租 3．南北朝时期，江南地区得到开发的主要条件是 ( ) A．北方农民的大批南迁 B．士族势力的扩大 C．中外交流的增强 D．民族融合的增强 4．“靖康之变”标志着 ( ) A．唐朝由盛转衰 B．北宋灭亡
C．金与南宋形成对峙局面 D．南宋灭亡 5．清朝哪个皇帝在位时，对税制实行改革，实行了摊丁入亩 ( ) A．康熙帝 B．雍正帝 C．乾隆帝 D．顺治帝 6．下列史实与半坡氏族相关的是 ( ) ①发现于陕西②发现于浙江③距今四千年前④已使用弓箭 ⑤世界上最早种植粟⑥长江流域氏族公社的典型⑦用棉线织布⑧使用天然火⑨制造彩陶 A．①②④⑤⑦ B．②③⑥⑦⑧ C．④⑤⑥⑦ D．①④⑤⑨ 7．19世纪侵占中国领土最多的国家是 ( ) A．英国 B．俄国 C．日本 D．法国
8．洋务运动的内容包括( ) ①创办近代军事工业②兴办新式学堂③开办民用工业④创建近代海军 A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．①②③④ 9．中共二大制定的民主革命纲领的主要任务不包括 ( ) A．建设共产主义 B．*军阀 C．*帝国主义 D．建立真正的民主共和国 10．下列事变发生的先后顺序是 ( ) ①九一八事变②一二八事变③华北事变④西安事变 A．①②③④ B．②④③① C．②①③④ D．④③②① 11．确定党的工作重心从农村转移到城市的会议是 ( ) A．中共七大 B．中共七届二中全会 C．中共八大
美国文学试题库 注：试题库内容仅作为学习参考使用，并不代表考试内容。任何一道题均可能变化为其它形式的试题。 1. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more_____________. A. rational B. humorous C. optimistic D. pessimistic 2.The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American___________ . A. local colorism B. vernacularism C. modernism D. naturalism 3. ____________were idealists, believing the church should be restored to complete “purity” and dreaming that they would build the new land to an Eden on earth. A. Calvinists B. Puritans C. Romanticists D. Transcendentalists 4. All of the following are the features of Puritans EXCEPT _____. A. wanting to make pure their religious beliefs and practices
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
第13单元凯萨琳?安?波特 13.1复习笔记 I.Introduction to author（作者简介） 1.Life（生平） Katherine Anne Porter(1890-1980)was born in Indian Greek,Texas.She began her life as a news reporter and sometimes as an actress and ballad https://www.doczj.com/doc/8014992617.html,ter she stayed in Europe and Mexico which proved very valuable for her writing.She was basically a short-story writer.Her Collected Stories won her both a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award.She lectured at various universities and received honorary doctorates from various institutions.She was vice president of the National Institute of Arts and Letters from1950to1952. 凯萨琳·安·波特(1890—1980)出生于德克萨斯州印第安河市。她曾做过报社记者，演员和民谣歌手。后来她到过欧洲和墨西哥。这段经历对她日后的写作很有帮助。她主要是短篇小说家。她的《短篇小说集》获得了普利策奖和全国图书奖。她曾到许多大学做讲座，收到了许多机构授予的荣誉博士学位。从1950年到1952年她担任美国国家艺术与文学协会副主席。 2.Major Works（主要作品） The Flowering Judas(1930)《开花的紫荆树》 Pale Horse,Pale Rider(1939)《灰色骑士灰色马》
历史、地理试卷1 第I卷（选择题共80分） 一. 选择题（共80分） 本大题共40小题，每小题2分，共80分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是正确的。 1. 商朝的最后一个国王是C A. 桀 B. 汤 C. 纣 D. 厉王 2. 中国古代科举制度始于B A. 西汉 B. 隋朝 C. 北宋 D. 明朝 3. 《天工开物》的作者是D A. 贾思勰 B. 沈括 C. 徐光启 D. 宋应星 4. 《资政新篇》的作者是C A. 杨秀清 B. 洪秀全 C. 洪仁 D. 石达开 5. 近代民族资本家陈启沅创办的企业是D A. 轮船招商局 B. 开平矿务局 C. 天津机器局 D. 继昌隆缫丝厂 6. 1905年中国同盟会创办的机关报是A A. 《民报》 B. 《中外纪闻》 C. 《苏报》 D. 《时务报》 7. 在新文化运动中，率先提出民主与科学口号的刊物是B A. 《天津学生联合会报》 B. 《青年杂志》 C. 《每周评论》 D. 《湘江评论》 8. 中国第一个共产主义小组成立的地点是C A. 北京 B. 广州 C. 上海 D. 长沙 9. 1947年人民解放军开始战略反攻的主攻方向是 A. 陕北 B. 中原 C. 山东 D. 东北 10. 周恩来首次提出和平共处五项原则是在C A. 1955年万隆会议上 B. 1954年日内瓦会议上 C. 1954年访问印度时 D. 1972年与美国总统会谈时 11. 新中国发展国民经济第一个五年计划的依据是 A. 过渡时期总路线 B. 1954年中华人民共和国宪法 C. 中共八大决议 D. 社会主义建设总路线 12. 油画《蒙娜丽莎》的作者是B A. 但丁 B. 达·芬奇 C. 莎士比亚 D. 马丁·路德 13. 18世纪英国工人哈格里夫斯发明的机器是A A. 珍妮纺纱机 B. 水力纺纱机 C. 飞梭 D. 骡机 14. 法国大革命期间，雅各宾派专政被颠覆的事件史称B A. 七月革命 B. 热月政变 C. 二月革命 D. 雾月政变 15. 美国《独立宣言》的主要起草人是A A. 杰斐逊 B. 华盛顿 C. 林肯 D. 罗斯福 16. 17世纪末18世纪初推行西化改革的俄国沙皇是C A. 亚历山大二世 B. 叶卡捷琳娜二世 C. 彼得一世 D. 尼古拉二世 17. 第二次世界大战前，最早建立法西斯独裁政权的国家是D A. 德国 B. 日本 C. 西班牙 D. 意大利
美国文学复习题(有答案版)
美国文学复习提纲 第一部分连线题（1*10=10’） 1. Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence 2. Walt Whitman O’ Captain, My Captain 3. Mark Twain Jumping Frog 4. Robert Frost Mending Wall 5. Ezra Pound In a Station of the Metro 6. Carl Sandburg Chicago 7. Saul Bellow The Adventure of Augie March 8. Ernest Hemingway Men without Women 9. John Steinbeck The Grape of Wrath 10. Jack London The Call of the Wild 11. Sinclair Lewis Babbit 12. Flannery O’ Connor A Good Man Is Hard to Find 13. O. Henry The Last Leaf 14. Jerome David Salinger The Catcher in the Rye 15. William Falkner The Sound and the Fury 第二部分单项选择(1.5*20=30’) 1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “________” who appeared in America. A. Tenth Muse B. Ninth Muse C. Best Muse D. First Muse 2. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment. ________ was the dominant spirit. A. Humanism B. Rationalism C. Revolution D. Evolution 3. Which of the following stirred the world and helped form the American republic? A. The American Crisis B. The Federalist C. Declaration of Independence D. The Age of Reason 4. At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ________. A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement 5. Thoreau was often alone in the woods or by the pond, lost in spiritual communication with ________. A. nature B. transcendentalist ideas C. human beings D. celestial beings 6. ________tells a simple but very moving story in which four people living in a puritan community are involved in and affected by the sin of adultery in different ways. A. Twice-Told Tales B. The Scarlet Letter C. The House of the Seven Gables D. The Marble Faun
美文学美国部分——浪漫主义时期 Part two: American Literature Chapter 1 The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期 1. From the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of he Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s L eaves of Grass. It is also called “the American Renaissance”.浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末，到内战爆发为止，华盛顿.欧文出版的《见闻札记》标志着美国文学的开端，惠特曼的《草叶集》是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。（也可称为“美国德文艺复兴”） 2. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.对逃离社会，回归自然的渴求成为美国文学的一个永恒的话题。 3. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.美国清教作为一种文化遗产，对美国人的道德观念产生了很大的影响。 4. Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. 在霍桑，麦尔维尔以及其他一些小作家的作品种加尔文主义的原罪思想和罪恶的神秘性都得到了充分的表现。 5. The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period is New England Transcendentalism.美国浪漫主义文学运动足能标炳的是新英格兰的超验主义运动。 6. This Transcendentalist group includes two of the most significant writers America has produced so far, Emerson and his young friend, Henry David Thoreau, whose writing has a strong impact on American literature.超验主义文学的主要代表是爱默生和梭罗，他们的作品对美国文学产生了很大的影响。 7. Basically, Transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.”超验主义承认“人类具有本能了解或认识真理的能力，能够超过感官获取知识”。 8. Emerson once proclaimed in a speech, “Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of you own mind.” Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.爱默生曾说过：“只有人心灵的尊严才是最神圣的”。超验主义还认为自然是高尚的，个人是神圣的，因此人必须自助。 9. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from the psychological romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding.美国浪漫主义时期的小说富有独创性，多样性，与华盛顿.欧文的喜剧性寓
I. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’) 1. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ____ was the dominant. 2. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named ____. 3. Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism? 4. The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the __ attitude of its author.
5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by ___. 6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___ and Thoreau. 7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? 8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.
中国历史地理考题 一、填空题 1、历史上黄河发生过1500多次决口泛滥，其中有_________次重大改道。1048年黄河第三次重大改道形成__________、________两条河道。 2、历史上随着长江三角洲不等量下降和沿海泥沙的淤积，太湖面积逐渐_____________。 3、“京口瓜洲一水间，钟山只隔数重山。春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。”是王安石的名句，诗中所及瓜洲相当于今_____________。 4、玉米、甘薯等是___________时期传入中国的农作物。 5、西汉设立刺史部______个，行使_______功能。 6、_______代设立宣政院，正式形式对西藏的管辖权 7、在农田与草原之间存在_________，这里既是游牧业萌生的地带，也是日后农、牧两大文化集团文化交流与武力争雄的空间。 二、选择 1、到达山东临清的运河 元隋唐宋代 2、丝绸之路由数条道路组成，在以下各条道路中，中原王朝最早开通的是 由玉门关至今库尔勒、库车、阿克苏、喀什一线的西域北道 3、清代只有总督没有巡抚的省份 4、战国时期所说的山西是指 崤山以西 5、井陉关与下列哪条道路相交 太行东麓的道路 6、主权国家中俄尼布楚条约
7、中国今天种植的棉花是什么时候传入的 8、周人起于西方，兴起之后，不断向东方发展。相传周人先祖后稷生于邰，此后公刘至豳，古公亶父居岐，文王作丰，武王都镐，豳即今陕西邠县，岐山位于陕西岐山、扶风两县北部，丰、镐位于陕西西安市西南郊沣河两岸，丰在河西，镐在河东。 9、第一任巡台湾巡抚，刘铭传 10、云梦泽为什么消失 自然原因和人为原因 三、简答题 1、《史记·河渠书》载：“抵蜀从故道，故道多坂，回远。今穿褒斜道，少坂，近四百里。而褒水通沔，斜水通渭，皆可以行舟漕。”这段文献记述哪几条越秦岭的古代道路？请写出这些道路的起点和终点。（10分） 2、请从地理学的角度解释为什么燕太子丹送荆轲到易水？（15分） 太子及宾客知其事者，皆白衣冠以送之。至易水之上，既祖，取道，高渐离击筑，荆轲和而歌，为变徵之声，士皆垂泪涕泣。又前而为歌曰：“风萧萧兮易水寒，壮士一去兮不复还！”复为羽声慷慨，士皆瞋目，发尽上指冠。 ——《史记·刺客列传》 3、写出从“苏湖熟天下足”到“湖广熟天下足”的长江流域经济格局变化的原因与年代（15分） 4、唐兴，高祖改郡为州、太守为刺史，又置都督府以治之。然天下初定，权置州郡颇多。太宗元年，始命并省，又因山川形便，分天下为十道。 ——《新唐书·地理志》 “因山川形便”指什么？有什么优劣？（10分）
I、Write the Names of the Authors、 1、Poor Richard’s Almanac 2、Common Sense 3、The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 4、A Streetcar Named Desire 5、The Waste Land 6、Sister Carrie 7、The House of the Seven Gables 8、The Great Gatsby 9、The Bluest Eye 10、 A Farewell to Arms 11、R ip Van Winkle 12、Raven 13、The Call of the Wild 14、The Marble Faun 15、Moby Dick 16、The Wing of the Dove 17、Of Mice and Men 18、The Bluest Eye 19、The Great Gatsby 20、The Bluest Eye 21、The Sound and the Fury II、Multiple Choices(Choose the best answer from the four choices)、 1、From 1622 until his death, , one of the greatest of colonial American, was reelected thirty times as governor、 A、Anne Bradstreet B、William Bradford C、Edward Taylor D、Thomas Pain 2、carries the voice not of an individual but of a whole people、It is more than writing of the Revolutionary period, it defined the meaning of the American Revolution、 A、Common Sense B、The American Crisis C、Declaration of Independence D、Defense of the English People 3、usually was regarded as the first American writer、 A、William Bradford B、Anne Bradstreet C、Emily Dickinson D、Captain John Smith 4、Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet、Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the " "who appeared in America、 A、Ninth Muse B、Tenth Muse C、Best Muse D、First Muse 5、_____ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club、 A、Henry David Thoreau B、Ralph Waldo Emerson C、Nathanial Hawthorne D、Walt Whitman
History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1