Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily Life
Part One Viewing, Understanding and Speaking
Video Script
Topic: Psychology at the Airport
Setting: the waiting room of the airport, the Information Desk, the coffee shop of the airport Characters: Mr. and Mrs. Strong, Mr. and Mrs. Green, an Agent at the Information Desk (Some passengers have been informed of the delay of their flight, while some other passengers have not.)
(It's now 6:05 in the afternoon. Mr. and Mrs. Strong are in the waiting room of an airport. Mr. Strong is reading a newspaper. Mrs. Strong is sitting there idly. Mr. and Mrs. Green approach them.)
Mrs. Green: Excuse me, is this seat taken?
Mrs. Strong: No, it's not taken. Have a seat.
(Mr. and Mrs. Green sit down next to Mr. and Mrs. Strong and Mr. Green takes out a book and begins to read it.)
Mrs. Strong: My name is Strong…Molly Strong. Pleased to meet you.
Mrs. Green: I'm Doris Green. How do you do?
Mrs. Strong: Where are you going?
Mrs. Green: We're going to Copenhagen for our son's wedding. It's tomorrow morning.
Mrs. Strong: Oh, congratulations! That's nice. You must be very excited.
Mrs. Green: You bet. I can hardly believe my little Jackie has grown up and is getting married. (She looks at her watch.) Now it's 6:05 and the flight will take off in 50 minutes. Just
imagine in nine hours I'll see Jackie and my new daughter-in-law, Alice! I expect they'll
come and pick us up at the airport. What about you? Where are you going?
Mrs. Strong: We are going to New York by TWA Flight 1070. Our daughter recently had a baby. My first grandchild.
Mrs. Green: You must be thrilled.
Mrs. Strong: Yeah, I can't wait to see my dear grandson. This is him, Nick. (She takes out a picture of Nick and shows it to Mrs. Green.)
Mrs. Green: (She looks closely at the photo.) He's lovely!
(Suddenly, a voice comes out through a loudspeaker.)
(Loudspeaker: Attention, please. AA Flight 644 to Copenhagen will be delayed. Attention, please.
AA Flight 644 to Copenhagen will be delayed.)
Mrs. Green: Oh, my goodness! What's up? It seems the flight to Copenhagen won't be on time.
I'd better go and call Jackie about the delay.
Mr. Green: (He looks up from the book.) No hurry. It doesn't say how long the flight will be delayed. Let's wait and see.
Mrs. Green: Well, OK, let's wait a while.
Mrs. Strong: Don't worry. I'm sure things will turn out fine in the end.
(Just at that time, another voice comes out through a loudspeaker.)
(Loudspeaker: Attention, please. TWA Flight 1070 to New York is overdue because of mechanical problems. It's stopping in Chicago for maintenance. We'll keep you informed when
we know more.)
Mrs. Strong: Oh, no! Our flight is delayed as well.
Mr. Strong: (He looks up from the newspaper.) Take it easy. It says the flight is overdue because of mechanical problems. I believe the mechanics will solve the problems soon.
Mrs. Strong: Ok.
(As time goes by, Mr. and Mrs. Green become more and more anxious. Mr. Green can't read the book any more. He walks back and forth in the waiting room. Mrs. Strong is comforting Mrs. Green.)
Mrs. Green: I can't wait any more. It's 7:15. We've been waiting for over an hour, but there's been no further information. What on earth is happening?
Mr. Green: Who knows! It could be bad weather, mechanical problems, a bomb threat, whatever. Mrs. Strong: Why don't you go to the Information Desk and ask them about the causes of the delay?
Mr. Green: That's not a bad idea. Let's go there now.
(Mr. and Mrs. Green leave for the Information Desk.)
Mrs. Strong: (to Mr. Strong.) I'll go and buy some magazines.
Mr. Strong: Go ahead. I'll be here waiting for you.
Mrs. Strong: OK.
(Mrs. Strong stands up and goes around the airport. Mr. Strong continues reading the newspaper. Several minutes later, Mrs. Strong comes back with some magazines in her right hand.)
Mr. Strong: What did you get?
Mrs. Strong: Cosmo, Life and Good Housekeeping. Any further news about our flight yet?
Mr. Strong: Nothing, up to now.
(Loudspeaker: Attention, please. TWA Flight 1070 to New York is overdue because of a door problem. The mechanics expect that the door will be repaired in 30 minutes. We'll keep you advised as we know more.)
Mr. Strong: Well, it seems we have lots of time. Why not go and get a bite to eat?
Mrs. Strong: Good idea. Let's go to the coffee shop.
(Mr. and Mrs. Green arrive at the Information Desk.)
Mr. Green: Excuse me, can you tell me why AA Flight 644 to Copenhagen is delayed? (该句读
成: light AA 644 is delayed for Copenhagen?) 请外研社改正!
Agent: I'm sorry, sir, but we don't have any further information about that.
Mr. Green: Then how long will it be delayed?
Agent: Sorry, sir. We really don't know. You'll just have to wait. We'll inform you through the loudspeaker as soon as possible.
Mrs. Green: (saying angrily) We've been waiting for ages and there's been no further information about the delay. How long will we have to wait? We are going to our son's wedding. We
can't miss it.
Agent: I understand how you feel, madam. We'll try to find out the causes as soon as possible.
(Mr. and Mrs. Green go back to the waiting room of the airport. Another 15 minutes later, they become increasingly impatient.)
Mrs. Green: Isn't it annoying! Nobody is telling us anything.
Mr. Green: That's the limit! I can't bear it any longer. Let's go and find seating on (错读成to)请外研社改正!an airline that flies to Copenhagen.
Mrs. Green: Why not? We're not getting any help from this airline.
(Mr. and Mrs. Green leave the waiting room angrily.)
(Mr. and Mrs. Strong are sitting leisurely at the coffee shop. Light music is on, and they feel very comfortable.)
Mrs. Strong: (She looks at her watch.) Oh, time is flying. It's a quarter to seven. Hurry up. The flight will be announced soon.
Mr. Strong: Take your time. We're in no great rush. We can hear the announcement here if there is one.
(Loudspeaker: Attention, please. TWA Flight 1070 to New York is overdue because of mechanical problems. We are sorry to announce that the problems are more complex than
initially expected. Those who are without luggage and need to leave right away
can take TWA Flight 1120 at Gate 6. TWA Flight 1120 will leave from Gate 6 at
7:45.)
Mr. Strong: (He smiles.) See? Let's go to take TWA Flight 1120.
Mrs. Strong: Good.
Exercise 1
Directions: You're going to watch a video which describe s what happened to two couples of the passengers at the airport. Read the following part carefully, which will make it easy
for you to understand the video.
Exercise 2
Directions: Now watch the video and pay attention to the information related to Mr. & Mrs. Strong and Mr. & Mrs. Green. Then match the information listed in the right column
with the corresponding characters. Write down the letters in the space provided
below the table.
A) They are going to Copenhagen to attend their son's wedding. 1) Mr. & Mrs. Strong
B) They are excited about the arrival of their first grandchild. 2) Mr. & Mrs. Green
C) Their flight is stopping in Chicago for maintenance.
D) They are very anxious because they are not informed of the
causes of the delay.
E) They wanted to get some help from an agent at the airport.
F) They wait leisurely when they know how long it will take for
mechanics to solve the problem.
G) They are angry at the service of American Airlines.
H) They don't have any luggage, so they can take another flight
to their destination (目的地).
I) They will board the plane at Gate 6.
1) Mr. & Mrs. Strong __________________________
2) Mr. & Mrs. Green __________________________
Key to Exercise 2
1) Mr. & Mrs. Strong: B), C), F), H), I)
2) Mr. & Mrs. Green: A), D), E), G)
Exercise 3
Directions: Watch the video again and answer the questions by completing the given sentences .1) When will Mr. and Mrs. Green's flight take off according to the schedule?
At ________. (6:55)
2) Where is Mr. and Mrs. Strong going?
________ ________. (New York)
3) Who is Nick?
He is Mr. and Mrs. Strong's ________ ________. (first grandchild)
4) Why is TWA Flight 1070 delayed?
It is overdue because of ________ ________. (mechanical problems/door problems)
5) Why do Mr. and Mrs. Green go to the Information Desk?
They go there to ask the reasons why ________ ________ ________ ________. (their flight is overdue/delayed)
6) Where do Mr. and Mrs. Strong go to kill time?
They go to ________ ________ ________. (the coffee shop)
7) What do Mr. and Mrs. Green finally decide to do?
They decided to request ________ ________ ________ ________ which flies to Copenhagen. (seating on another airline)
8) Which flight will Mr. and Mrs. Strong take in the end?
TWA Flight ________. (1120)
Key to Exercise 3
1) 6:55
2) New York
3) first grandchild
4) mechanical problems/door problems
5) their flight is overdue/delayed
6) the coffee shop
7) seating on another airline
8) 1120
Exercise 4
Directions: Watch the video a third time. This time you are required to repeat a few important lines. What you have said will be recorded so that you can compare your
pronunciation and intonation with the speakers'. Try to imitate their pronunciation
and intonation.
Exercise 5
Directions: Now you know people will get extremely impatient when they are not told what is going on. Please describe one of YOUR own experiences when you were kept waiting
for unknown reasons. Your description will be recorded so that your teacher will be
able to know your performance. If you want to improve your work, try again before
you submit your recording.
Part Two Listening, Understanding and Speaking
Listening I
Tapescript
A potato farmer was sent to prison just at the time when he should have been digging the ground for planting the new crop of potatoes. He knew that his wife would not be strong enough to do the digging by herself, but that she could manage to do the planting; and he also knew that he did not have any friends or neighbors who would be willing to do the digging for him. So he wrote a letter to his wife which said, “Please do not dig the potato field. I hid the money and the gun there.”
Ten days later he got a letter from his wife. It said, “I think somebody is reading your letters before they go out of the prison. Some policemen arrived here two days ago and dug up the whole potato field. What shall I do now?”
The prisoner wrote back at once, “Plant the potatoes, of course.”(155 words)
Exercise 1 (Online)
Directions: Listen to the story and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T”for true and “F”for false in the space provided.
Key to Exercise 1: 1) F 2) T 3) T 4) F 5) F 6) F
Exercise 2 (Online)
Directions: Listen to the story again and complete the following statements with the information you get from the story.
Key to Exercise 2:
1) prison
2) do the planting
3) ten days
4) the money, the gun
5) plant the potatoes
Exercise 3
Directions: Listen to the story a third time and note down what the husband said in his first letter and the wife's reply. Then work in groups to complete the two letters. Read them to the
class.
Sample:
Feb.15, 1999
Feb. 5, 1999
Dear John,
Dear Mary,
Ireceivedyourletteryesterday.I'I am writing this letter to tell you a
glad to hear that you are well. But I wantsecret.Pleasedonotdigthepotato totellyousomestrangethings.Ithinkthefield.Ihidthemoneyandgun somebodyisreadingyourthere. This is very important. Be surelettersbefore
they go out of the prison. Some policemennot to tell anyone.
arrived here two days ago and dug up the I'm fine, so don't worry about me.
I'll be home soon.whole potato field. What shall I do now?
Take care, Love,
Mary
John
Listening II
Words You Need to Know:
complaint 投诉replace 替换suggestion 建议psychologist 心理学家relatively 相对地occur to 想到adopt 采用
Tapescript
The manager of a large office building received many complaints about the lift service in the building. He hired a group of engineers to study the situation. They suggested two solutions:
1. adding more lifts of the same type;
2. replacing the lifts with faster ones.
The manager decided that both suggestions were too expensive. So he asked a psychologist to
study the problem. The psychologist noticed that many people felt angry and impatient because
they thought they had to wait too long for the lift. However, the psychologist found that they had
to wait only a relatively short time. It occurred to him that the reason they felt angry and impatient was that they had nothing to do while they were waiting for the lifts. He suggested a simple, inexpensive solution to the manager. This was adopted and complaints stopped immediately. The solution was to place a large mirror next to the lifts. (154 words)
Exercise 1 (Online)
have complaints.
people reason why the to attention pay and passage the to Listen Directions:
the of in front reason. Put a tick explains Choose the statement that correctly the
statement in the space provided.
5) Key to Exercise 1:
(Online)
Exercise 2and fill in the table with the information you get from the
Listen to the passage again Directions:
recording.
Key to Exercise 2:1) the lift service
2) engineers
3) adding more lifts
4) faster ones
5) too expensive
6) a psychologist
7) placing a large mirror
8) simple, inexpensive.
Exercise 3
Listen to the passage a third time and then discuss in groups to find out: Directions:1) the reasons why complaints stopped immediately after the solution was adopted;
2) other possible solutions to the problem.
:
Sample1) The reason was that people could look in the mirror. They could have something to do while waiting for the lift and, of course, many people like to look at themselves in the mirror.
2) Other possible solutions:
a. to set up a picture gallery near the lift and change the pictures regularly;
b. to put up-to-date newspapers on the wall;
where people can buy snacks; nearby c. to open a small shop
) there；d. to put a shoe polisher (擦鞋器e. to put a screen on the wall on which information about the stock exchange is shown;
close to the lift. , short funny stories) on TV screens f. to play programs (e.g. news
More Listening
Part Three
I Can Have Her Here on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Practice One
Words You Need to Know:
constant不断的at each other's throats激烈争吵therapy 治疗, 理疗
Unit 1 Listen1_Ex1 Interviewer:Angela, you were born in Korea but you've been living in Canada for a long time, haven't you? Angela:Yes, I was 10 years old when my parents immigrated to Canada and I've been living here for 20 years now. Interviewer:Do you think that belonging to two different cultures has affected your personality? Angela:Yes, definitely. There are times when I think that I have two personalities. Depending on where I am and who I'm with, I'm Korean or I'm Canadian. Interviewer:That sounds complicated. Could you explain what you mean? Angela:Well, growing up in Canada when I was going to high school, for example, I was known as Angela to the outside world, and as Sun-Kyung at home. I would wave hello to my teachers, but bow to my parents' Korean friends when they visited our home. Interviewer:Do different cultures have different ideas as to what is polite? Angela:Yes, definitely. In high school, I was expected to look straight in the eyes of my teachers and to talk openly with them. But when Koreans spoke to me, I was expected to look at my feet and to be shy and silent. Interviewer:Do you think that having two personalities makes you a richer person? Angela:Yes, but sometimes I don't know who I am. 1.Angela immigrated from Canada to Korea.(F ) 2.Angela is about 20 years old now.(F ) 3.Angela had two different personalities,one at school and one at home.(T ) 4.Sun-Kyung is Anglela's gilefriend at school.(F ) 5.Angela agrees that culture affects personality.(T ) 6.Being expected to two different cultures is sometimes confusing.(T) 1) outside world 2) at home 3) wave hello 4) bow 5) look straight in the eyes of 6) openly 7) look at my feet 8) shy and silent Listen2_Ex1 I am a very sensitive person, and that's good to a point. I feel everyone should be able to feel or understand what others are going through. But when you hurt, cry, or are unhappy for people you don't know, or for a movie that is not real, then I think that's a little too sensitive. That's the way I am. I am a very independent person. I must do things for myself. I don't like people doing things for me, or helping me, or giving me things. It's not that I don't appreciate it, because I do. I just feel that when someone does something for you, you owe them, and if there is one thing I don't like to feel, it's that I owe anyone anything. I think I would be a good friend. I would do almost anything for someone I like, and would share or give anything I have. I'm very caring and understanding. People
第一单元 Outside view 1. 1 2 3 4 2.interview techniques lead in looking for boils down 3.professional job coach doing research practiced with present yourselfinterviewerpresentation and understanding in relationship to the jobsome examples dealing with problems 4. 1 3 5 7 8 9 10 11 5.what Samantha was doing wrong in her first job interview what she should do in future interviews Talk 1.B C A C 2.C A D Passage 1 1. 2.B D A D C Passage 2
Unite test DBACA BCDAD BDBC 第二单元 Outside view 1. 3 4 6 1.It's best suited to the download generation. Although the interview says "No one in the industry is suggesting the conventional bookshop is dead", the figures discussed indicate that the conventional bookshop will lose out to digital publishing. Downloadable books sell more than hardbacks and paperbacks. The e-book is delivered in a very convenient way. 2.undergoing a fundamental change600consuming content get it editedclick of a few buttons earning money for an author never really catch on Talk 1.B D A D 2.C B A
Unit 3 Social Problems In-class Reading Passage 课内阅读练习答案 Part One Preparation 1. Describing the Pictures Picture A：A couple is dining at a restaurant. Both of them are smoking. But they call and complain to the waiter, saying that those sitting at the other tables are coughing too much and that bothers them. However, they have not realized that actually it is their smoking that has caused those people to cough. I have seen many people who behave like this couple. They never take other people’s interest into consideration. They are selfish and always ready to find fault with others. They never see their own wrong doings but always make a false counter-charge. They are despised by most other people. Picture B: In this picture I see a strange beggar. While most beggars beg for food or drinks, this guy begs for money in order to buy wines. He wants to try all the 596,704 wines existing in this world. He said he already tasted 38,279 wines out of that number. Suppose he tries one kind of wine one day, it would have taken him more than 100 years to come so far. He is really an ambitious man. However, if he has the ambition to try all the existing wines, he should work hard and make money himself instead of begging for other people’s money to enjoy what life can offer. There are some people like this beggar these days. They want to enjoy life, but not based on their own hard work or effort. They want a free lunch and many of them live on borrowed money. I don’t think this is a good attitude towards life. Everyone should work hard to make a good living. Picture C: I see a court with a judge, a defendant and probably a lawyer in the picture. What is strange about this picture is that I find a tip pot, which is usually placed in a restaurant for waiters or waitress. They get tips for their excellent services to their customers. Waiters or waitresses who get generous tips will provide even better service to customers. However, a court is a place for people to seek justice and fairness. It punishes the guilty and releases the innocent. If judges start to take tips, I doubt that there will be any more justice. People will no longer be treated equally and truth will not be valued. Judgment will not be made based on facts, but on how big the tip is. What an evil place! Picture D: In this picture I see two men behind bars. One is telling his fellow prisoner that he did not commit the crimes that he had been accused of committing. His mistake was that he stole the identity of a guy who had committed those crimes. The police took him for that guy and put him in jail. They actually got the wrong person. And he was innocent. Was he really innocent? I don’t think so. He was a thief, and he was not innocent at all. However, he received a heavier punishment than he deserved. So that was an irony. The guy stole another person’s identity and in a sense he inherited his crimes as well. So never take other people’s stuff, whatever it is. No one can escape
Unit 1 Part 1 Listening I 1．1-5 FTFTT 2. 1-5 776-2235，65, 11，loud, quieter Listening II 1. 1-5 ABBDA 2. 1-5 old, torn/ blue, by the hand, holiday, children Listening III 1.1-5 181st，very tired, take hold of; for her trouble, never/ again Listening IV 1.1-5 CDBDB 2.. R: fulfills my every need./stay home, cook, clean, and watch the kids. E: open-minded/ something interesting to say. Part 2 1. ACDEGIJ 2. 1-8 in a mess, my turn, a hand, work on, expectations of, how about, too much, what we have Part 3 1. 1)-15) nicer, excited, promises, married, first, lasted, kids, enough, changes, loves, mad, care about, boy friend, get better, help Part 4 Listening I 1. CEFGKL 2. 1-5 personality/ background, good sense of humor, terrible, different environments, looks Listening II 1. 1-5 FTFTT 2. 1-5 gone by, no sign, taken over, enough, limits Listening III 1. 1-5 TFFTT 2. 1-5 seventies, selfish, unnatural, husband, surrounded Listening IV 1.1-5 ABDCD 2.c: done his part of the housework h: high priority with w: responsibility Unit 2 Part 1 Listening I 1. 1-5 TFTFT 2. 1 He moved to Newton. 2 She wrote down the new address on it. 3 It was thrown away. / The professor threw it away.
新编大学英语视听说4答案Unit 1 Part One Exercise 2 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A Exercise 3 1. right before 2. spring break 3. ski trip 4. about an hour 5. catch up on 6. wait a minute 7. anytime you want 8. read the end 9. go to the cinema 10. care about Part T wo Listening I Exercise 1 1. A 2. C 3. A 4.C 5.C 6. B Exercise 2 1. F 2. T 3.F 4. F 5. T Listening II Exercise 1 1. T 2. F 3.F 4. F 5. F 6 T Exercise 2 1. B 2. C 3.C 4.A 5. D Part Three More Listening Practice One Exercise 2 1.escape into 2. horror films 3. follow the detective 4. around these days 5. ring up Practice Two Exercise 1 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T Exercise 2 1. A 2. C 3.B 4. D Practice Three Exercise 1 1. B 2. B 3.C 4.B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C
1. T 2. F 3.T 4. F 5. T 6 T 7. F 8. F Practice Four Exercise 1 1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5.C Exercise 2 1. F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5. F Part Four Testing Y ourself Section 1 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B Section II 1. C 2. B 3. D 4.C 5.B 6. A Section III 1) dinner/ band / cake 2) house / drinks 3) invite/ arrive/ fifty 4) drinks/ new Unit 2 Part One Exercise 2 1. F 2. F 3.T 4. F 5. T 6 T Exercise 3 1. donations/ individuals and organizations 2. dedicate/ time and resources 3. loving and caring 4. keep coming 5. keep the best 6. feel better about 7. not necessarily 8. lovely surprise 9. truth/ understanding 10. real key Part T wo Listening I
Unit 1 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。 相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持
不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。 如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。 ２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 ３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。 ４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。 ５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。 ６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实
新编大学英语综合教程3 第三版课后答案 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1) Introduction: (para.1) Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. 2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para.2—3) People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence. People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. 3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (para.4—15) i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses. ii) Set reasonable goals. iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame. iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view. v) Do not make negative comments about yourself. vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully. vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences. viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate. ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly. x) Practice being in social situations. 4) Conclusion: (para.16) The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) F 3. Group Discussion 1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways. Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time. 2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one’s merits, abilities or success. The opposite of modesty is arrogance or boastfulness. Modest people don’t want to talk about their
Unit 1 enjoy your feelings! II C B D A D l Listening In Task 1 what a clumsy man! Keys: A C D C B Task 2 causes of depression Keys: (1)families (2)chemicals (3)information (4)certain (5)self-esteen (6)thinking patterns (7)mood (8)divorce (9)physical abuse (10)financial difficulties (11)stress (12)anxiety Task 3 happiness index Keys: B D A A C l Let’s Talk Keys: (1) shy (2) crying (3)scared (4) came down (5) fun (6) nice (7) two step (8) argue (9) touch (10) bad time (11) speak (12) comfortable (13) brother (14) adults (15) children (16) secondary (17) growing (18) learn l Further Listening and Speaking Task 1: Big John is coming! (S1) owner (S2) running (S3) drop (S4) run (S5) local (S6) yelling, (S7) lives!” (S8) As he’s picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. (S9) The bartender nervously hands the big man a beer, hands shaking. (S10) “I got to get out of town! Don’t you hear Big John is coming?” Task 2 Reason and emotion Key : A B C C D
Unit 1 Personality 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。８．有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。９．留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。１０．多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友；最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。 Unit3 Social Problems
Unit6Culture Part 1 listening Ⅰ 1： 1-5：FFTTT 6-8:FFF 2： 1、cold open outgoing 2、overpowering friendly 3、long time for life 4、accent country loud behavior language 5、closer distance Listening Ⅱ1： 1-5：CADCC 2： 1、lost 2、India 3、settle/stay 4、compare
5、water 6、spoil 7、sugar 8、stay Listening Ⅲ1： EBGADFC 2: 1、European 2、1:00 p.m. 4:30 p.m. 3、Brown 4、Party 5、stand Listen Ⅳ1： 4,7,6,1,3,8,2,5 2: 1-5:FTTFF
Part 2 1: 1-5:TTFTF 6-8:TTF 2： 1、stupid mistakes 2、lovely ones make 3、entirely 4、finished fixes 5、symbol of death 6、on time alone 7、remind in front of 8、what we do right away Part 3 1: 1-6:ACBDCB 2： 1、culture 2、nation
3、mix 4、ceremonies 5、celebrations 6、recognized 7、worn 8、distinctive 9、everyday wear 10、varies Part 4 Listening Ⅰ 1： 1、walk 2、matter 3、both 4、leave 5、share 6、shake 7、offer 8、Promptness is important both in Britain and in America 9、There is an old story about a man who gave a normal
第四册 Unit1 Lead in Task 1 Enraged, fuming ,furious , irritated, livid, outraged, blow up, flare up, fly into a fury/rage,hit the roof 、 Horrified, scared,terrified, scared to death, paralyzed with fear, feel a shiver run down one’sspine、 Beaming, cheerful,joyful, thrilled, as happy as a king, in seventh heaven, on top of theworld, over the moon、 Blue,brokenhearted, cheerless, depressed, heartbroken, down in the dumps, in lowspirits, get (a case of) the blues, out of sorts、 Task 2 C B D A D Listening In Task 1 A C D C B Task 2 (1) families (2) chemicals (3) information (4) certain symptoms (5) selfesteem (6) thinking patterns (7) mood (8) divorce (9) physical abuse (10) financial difficulties (11) stress (12)anxiety Task 3 B D A A C Let’s Talk (1) shy (2) crying (3) scared (4) came down (5) fun (6) nice (7) two sisters (8) argue (9) touch (10) bad time (11) speak (12) fortable (13) brother (14) adults (15) children (16) secondary (17) growing up (18) learn Further Listening and Speaking Task 1: owner ; running ; drop ; run; local ;yelling ; lives ; As he was picking himself up, he saw a large man, almost seven feet tall ; The bartender nervously handed the big man a beer,
Music to Your Gears Andy Ellis 1 尽管音乐能使心中的怒气平息，但是开车时听音乐也会损害你的健康。近期研究表明，听声音很响的音乐会严重地影响司机的注意力，而且心理学家也提醒人们，持续大音量地在车里放这种音乐是很危险的，尤其是处于车流中或是在高速公路上开车时。 2 音乐有两个极端，任何一个极端都有可能带来危险。重金属音乐以其强烈的节奏使人莽撞驾驶，而聆听处于另一个极端的优美而令人舒心的音乐会使司机过分放松，以至于超过安全限度，陷入迷糊状态。 3 英国汽车协会一直关注道路安全，它委托搞了一个项目，研究重大车祸与音乐之间的关系。这项研究发现，17至25年龄段的男性是最危险、最易产生车祸的群体。研究还发现，这个群体的人70％的开车时间都在听音乐。 4 快节奏或重金属音乐要是放得很响，会使人易怒好斗，开起车来冲劲十足。这种司机也就更容易去冒险。开车的速度受到了音乐的速度和节奏的控制。 5 在试验中，那些自愿参加实验的司机说，听了声音很响的音乐，他们说尽管他们不一定感到非要开快车，但的确发现自己换挡更快，加速更快，刹车也更急了若是让这些司机听慢节奏的抒情曲，他们承认自己经常走神。在一次高速公路长途驾驶过程中，至少有两位参加试验的司机发现自己在不知不觉中跨越了车道标志。 6 这些自愿参试的司机（有些刚刚拿到驾驶执照）所发表的意见非常说明问题18岁的西蒙告诉英国汽车协会：“《走出地狱的蝙蝠》里的快节奏摇滚乐有可能让人送命。我发现自己不知不觉地越开越快。” 7 另一名自愿参试的司机一直在听“ZZ顶级”乐队最流行的曲子。他说：“我一直在快速行驶，扯着嗓门唱歌，没有看见也没有听见那辆一直想超过我的消防车。” 8 还有些人说：“我陷入了深思……”，“人的感觉会变得麻木……”，“听不见别的汽车声是个问题”，“我一直在随着音乐的节奏加快速度。” 9 一些慢节奏的背景音乐，如肖邦的音乐，会刺激人的大脑，使思维模式发生变化，激发阿尔法脑波，使人有一种舒服愉快的感觉。处于放松状态在大多数时候对我们有好处，但开车时则不然。心理学家雪利·费希尔教授提醒人们说：“最大的危险是疲倦驾驶。有一些音乐会使你无法集中注意力，甚至陷入轻度睡眠状态，那样就会造成可怕的惨祸。” 10 “问题的关键在于根据具体情况选择合适的音乐。刺激性的音乐适合在漫长、枯燥的道路上听，但是当交通状况糟糕时，或是交通拥挤时，这种音乐会分散你的注意力。” 11 然而，音乐也有其好的一面，正如英国汽车协会的心理学家罗伯特·韦斯特所指出的那样：“如果说有些音乐影响我们安全行驶，那么反过来也是有道理的。精心选择的曲子有助于我们安全行驶，尤其是对高风险的群体而言。例如，要是我们能使年轻的男性驾车者听曼托瓦尼的音乐，他们很可能会把速度放慢。但可悲的是，我自认为没有能力说服他们许多人去这样做。” 12 除了一些音乐会影响行驶安全，我们的车里安装了高技术的音响系统这件事本身也是引起车祸的根源。近期一份有关交通与道路安全的报告表明，小交通事故中，有大约40％是由于人们更换磁带或光盘不看道路所引起的！ 13 无论我们对音乐的品位如何，无论我们的开车风格如何，看来安全行驶的习惯是我们一定要养成的。罗孚汽车公司、英国航空航天局、飞利浦公司及瑞典道路与交通研究所已通力合作生产出了一种汽车智能系统——简称为ARIADNE（实时智能驾驶助理）的精密电子防撞行驶报警装置。它利用雷达技术，一旦面临撞车危险，雷达会使车内的电话响起，警告司机注意。 14 如果汽车与前面的车辆之间的距离超出了安全刹车的范围，ARIADNE会通过加速器踏板发出震动以提醒司机放慢速度。随着两车之间的距离不断缩小，这种震荡会越来越强烈。要是司机