动名词
定义：动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，兼有动词和名词的特征，它可以带宾语,
也能被状语修饰。动名词接宾语或状语构成动名词短语。动名词有时态和语态的
变化。
基本形式：由动词原形家词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了，而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如：a slee ping chair躺/睡椅（动名词，表
用途）a slee ping child正在睡觉的孩子（现在分词，表状态）
一、动名词的句法功能
动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、作主语
1）直接位于句首做主语。
Read ing is an art.读书是一种艺术。
Climbi ng mountains is really fun.爬山真是有趣。
Work ing in these con diti ons is not a p leasure but a sufferi ng 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数
2）用it作形式主语，把动名词（真实主语）置于句尾作后置主语。
It is no use/no good crying over sp ilt milk.覆水难收
It is a waste of time p ersuadi ng such a person to join us劝说这样的人加入真是浪
费时间。
It was hard gett ing on the crowded street car上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun p lay ing with childre n.和孩子们一起玩真好。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：
It is + no use/no good/useless/se nseless/f un/enjo yable/tiri ng/
in teresti ng/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a p lessure …+ v.i ng
注意：important，essential, necessary等形容词后面不用动名词（常用不定式）。
3）用于“There be结构中。
There is no say ing whe n he'll come很难说他何时回来。
There is no jok ing about such matters 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
There is no holdi ng back the wheel of history.历史的车轮不可阻挡。常用句型：There is no + v.i ng = It is imp ossible to do
注意：在“There b句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。
4）用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smok ing （ =No smok ing is allowed （here））.禁止吸烟。
No parki ng.禁止停车。
5）动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格,
构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:
Their coming to help was a great en courageme nt to us.
他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。
Lao Li ' s going there won ' t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。
2、作宾语
（1）作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, p ermit, avoid, con sider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, i mag ine, in elude, kee p, kee p on, mind, miss, delay, p ractise, resist, postpone推隹迟），deny（否
认）,appreciate 欣赏，感激）,escape, excuse, pardo can ' t sta nd, put off, give up 等。如：Would you mi nd opening the wi ndow?卩吧窗户打开好吗？
She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring out ing她建议去长城春游。
't help看了g这幅舸，他禁不住大笑起来。
Seeing the pi cture, he could n
Mark ofte n atte mp ts to esca pe being fined whe never he breaks traffic regulatio ns.
每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：fin d/thi nk/con sider …+
it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless …中v真正宾语）-
I found it p leasa nt walk ing along the seashore在海滩上走真是乐事。
Do you con sider it any good tryi ng agai n?你认为再试一次有好处吗?
*形容词worth 后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。
The music is well worth liste ning to more tha n on ce.这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
(2) 作介词的宾语
* 能接动名词的短语有：th ink of/about, dream of/about, hear of,
prevent/keep/stop …from …,depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry bbouttout,
…to …,look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,
be good at, do well in, be fond of, be in terested in, be tired of, be afraid of, …to …，in stead o 等n^ase of
We are thi nki ng of maki ng a new p la n for the n ext ter m.我们
正考虑为下学期制定 新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get dow n to doing our work?我 们休息呢还是开始干活?
Ann has bee n look ing forward to coming to Chi na for a long time.安好久以来就盼 望着来中国。 *在下面的结构中，介词in 常可省略:
(1) S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.i ng
(2) S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing
(3) S + be busy + (in) +V.ing
(4) S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing (立即 ...... )
We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sp orts meet 我 们正为马上到来的运动会
忙着做准备。
Do you have any difficulty (in) un dersta nding sp oke n En glish?要听懂英语口语你有
困难吗?
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或 what 引导的名词性从
句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换
位置。
Your task is clea ning the wi ndows .你的任务就是擦窗户。 (Clea ning the wi ndows is your task.)
in sist on, be/get used to, devote
spen d …(in), feel like, prefer
What I hate most is bei ng laughed at我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Be ing laughed at is what I hate most.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:
a walk ing stick = a stick for walk in g=a stick which is used for walk ing a washi ng mach in e=a machi ne for wash in g=a machi ne which is used for wash ing a readi ng room=a room for read in g=a room which is used for read ing slee ping p ills=p ills for slee ping=p ills which is used for slee ping
二、动名词的复合结构
带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主
语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的
复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓
语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、
宾语从句、表语从句。如:
Her coming to help en couraged all of us 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(二That she came to help en couraged all of us.)
Jane' s being careless caused so much trou简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。(二That
Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)
What' troubling them is their not having enough food.烦扰他们的是食物不
足。(二What' s troubli ng them is that they have not eno ugh food.)
在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名
词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如:
Would you mi nd my/me using your compu ter?用下你的电脑介意吗?
The father insisted on his son ' s/his son going to 爸爸eg决要求儿子上大学。
Mary' s不可用Mary) be ing ill made her mother up set.玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。
His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry.他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。例: I would appreciate
back this after noon.
A. you to call
B. you call
C. you calling
D. you' re calling
(Key: C;换成your calling 也对)
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语:
a.无命名词
The baby was made awake by the door sudde niy shutt in这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。
b.有生命名词但表示泛指意义
Have you ever heard of wome n p ractis ing boxi ng?尔听说过妇女练拳击吗?
c.两个以上的有生命名词并列
Do you remember your parents and me telli ng about this尔记得你父母和我都告诉
过你这事吗？
三、动名词的时态和语态
动名词的时态和语态如下:
主动语态、被动语态、
一般式doing being done
完成式hav ing done hav ing bee n done
（一）时态
1、动名词一般式：表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。
I hate taiki ng with such peo pie.我讨厌与这样的人说话。
Bei ng careless is not a good habit粗心不是一个好习惯。
2、动名词的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I don ' t remember having met him befo我记不得以前见过他。
Thank you for hav ing tak ing so much trouble to he Ip.谢谢你费力帮忙。
He denied hav ing take n any money from the cash registe 他否认从现金出纳机里拿了钱。
（二）语态
动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。
（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如:
I don ' t like being laughed at in pub在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
He came in without being asked.没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。
(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如:
I am very p leased at your hav ing bee n hono ured with a meda我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
(3)在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语
动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如:
Excuse me for being late.我来晚了请你原谅。
I don ' t rememberer meeting somewhere我记不得原来在什么地方见过。
Thank you for giving us so much help.谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。
(4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免
句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。如:
I forget once being take n (hav ing bee n take n ) to the city zoc我曾被带至U过这个动物园，可我忘了。
四、动名词的否定式：not + V.ing
I regret not bei ng able to help you.我很抱歉不能帮助你。
I apo logize for not hav ing waited for you.没有等你，我向你表示歉意。
五、动名词与动词不定式的区别：
1.作主语或表语时:
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语，在意义上相近，但动名词多用来表示泛指
的抽象的动作或经常性的动作；不定式多用来表示特指或具体的动作，特别是将
来的动作。比较:
Smok ing is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
My job is teach ing En glish.
Our task now is to i ncrease food p roducti on我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。
2.在like, hate, prefer等动词后:
如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词做宾语；如指特定的或具体的某次行为，用不定
式更多一些。
I like read ing books in my spare time.
I like to read that book.
They p refer walki ng to cycli ng.
He P refers to stay at home today.
3.有些动词后即可用动名词也可以不定式做宾语（如like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start,
continue, want, n eed, stop, remember, forget, try, attemp等）。有时区别不大，如：
Let ' s continue working/to work.
Whe n did you beg in lear nin g/to lear n En glish?
但有时两种结构之间含义不同，女口r emember, forget, regret, try, stop, mean, go on
等。
He tried sp eak ing En glish to us他试着用英语和我们讲话。
Please try to do it better n ext time.下次请设法做得更好些。
This means sett ing out at once 这意味着立即出发。
He really mea nt to come.他确实打算来的。
4.在表示“需要”意思的want, need, require, deserve^动词后：当主语表事物时, 其后既可用动名词的主动式也可用不定式的被动式表被动含义。
My watch n eeds rep airi ng/to be rep aired.
The house wants clea ning/to be clea ned.
The way deserves men tio ning/to be men ti oned.
These young trees will require look ing after/to be looked after carefully.
5.在allow, permit, advise, recommend, consider, forbid等词后，常用动名词做宾语，用不定式做宾语补足语。
We don' t allow smok ing here.
Her mother doesn ' t allow her to stay up late.
注意:
Seeing is believ in g. / To see is to believe.眼见为实。
六、动名词与现在分词的区别
1?动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：
①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于是”通常把主语
和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如: