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Assignment

Assignment
Assignment

1.Re-examine Exhibit 1-1 which describes the outsourcing process for HP’s production of Proliant ML150. For each leg of the production chain, indentify the various accounting and related issues that might arise.

The might issues:

Different Socio-economic environments. step by 1,2,3,4,5. it is involved Singapore, America, Taiwan, CHINA and so on.

Different National financial reporting principles. (step by 2,4,5)

Special disclosures for nondomestic financial statement readers(1,2,3).

The exchange rate.(4,5) changing rate ¥,$...

Kinds of financial statement analysis.(1,2)

The Changing prices .in the 5 step, machines produced in different countries and sold in local markets.

The level of each area’s education.

The rate of the inflation.

2. Do you feel that efforts to harmonize global accounting standards are good thing? Why or why not?

Yes. with the rapid development in the global economy, Globalization is an unstoppable trend for every countries. so, making efforts to harmonize global accounting standards conductive to economic globalization. It will reduce the transaction cost and analysis the financial statements in different countries before they making better decisions.

A common financial language, applied consistently, will enable investors to compare the financial results of companies operating in different jurisdictions more easily and provide more opportunity for investment and diversification.

3. If you had a nontrivial sum of money to invest and decided to invest it in country index fund, in which country or countries identified in Exhibit 1-6 would you invest your money? What accounting issues would play a role in your decision?

I will choose America invest my money, especially NASDAQ OMX and NYSE Euronext(U.S.). There are so many domestic companies and foreign companies and the number of the company as the change of time is very smooth. At the same time, there is a perfect finance environment to be worth of investing my money.

4. Consider the following countries: China, France, U.K. and Sweden.

Where would they be classified based on leagal system? Where would they be classified based on accounting practice systems?

Code law: France ,China, Sweden

Common law: U.K

China: uniform approach.I think Accounting is standardized by central government and used as a tool for administrative control.

France: Uniform approach

U.K: independent discipline approach

Sweden: macroeconomic approach

5. Refer to lesson 3 and lesson3(2), which country’s GAAP appears to be the most oriented toward equity investors? Whic h country’s GAAP appears to be the least oriented toward equity investors? Why do you say that?

Most oriented:U.K.

U.K’s GAAP is the most closest to IFRS from the countries. Whose GPPA is clearly aimed at equity investors. Under U.K. GAAP, Goodwill is capitalized and amortized less than 20 years (annual impairment except). in some degree, IFRS can instead of U.K. GAAP.

Least oriented:France.

In France,Research and development cost is expensed as incurred, but capitalized in restriced. And Leased assets are not capitalized,Legal reserves must be created by 5% of income each year until the reserve equals 10% of legal capital.what’s more,Goodwill is not required to be impairments tested.

6. What’s the significant difference between IFRS and China’s Account ing Standards for Business Enterprises?

A.Allocation of fixed production overheads to costs of conversion

IFRS requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion is based on the normal capacity of the production facility. In periods of abnormally low production or idle plant, the amount of fixed production overheads allocated to each unit of production is not increased, with the unallocated overheads recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred. However, in periods of abnormally high production, the amount of fixed production overheads allocated to each unit of production is decreased so that inventories are not measured above cost.China’s accounting has no such requirement.

B.Reversal of Inventory Write down

IFRS requires write downs to be reversed, when the circumstances that previously caused inventories to be written down below cost no longer exist or when there is clear evidence of an increase in net realizable value because of changed economic circumstances.China’s accounting only permits reversal when the circumstances that previously caused inventories to be written down below cost no longer exist.IFRS requires the reversal to be recognized as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognized as an expense in the period in which the reversal occurs. China’s Accounting requires the reversal to be recognized under asset impairment loss.

C. Compared to China’s Accounting , the amount of inventories recognized as an expense during the period.

7. On April 1, A.C. Corporation, a calendar-year U.S. electronics manufacturer, buys 32.5 million yen worth of computer chips from a Japanese company paying 10% in the time, the balance to be paid in 3 months. Interest at 8% per annum is payable on the unpaid foreign currency balance. The U.S. dollar/Japanese yen exchange rate on April 1 was 1:93; on July 1 was 1:98. Required: prepare dated journal entries in U.S. dollars to record the incurrence and settlement of this foreign currency transaction assuming:

①A.C. corporation adopts a single-transaction perspective, and

②Two-tran sactions perspective.

Under the single-transaction perspective

1.on april 1. Transaction date

dr. equipment $349462.37

cr. s-t payable $34946.237

l-t debt $314516.133

total $349462.37

yen 32500000/93

2.(1)on July 1.settlement day

dr. accounts payable 17330.48

cr. Equipment $17330.48

yen 32.5*1000000*90%*(1/93-1/98)

(2) dr.accounts payable $322346.94

cr. Cash $322346.94

Under the two-transaction perspective

1. on april 1. Transaction date

dr. equipment $349462.37

cr. s-t payable $34946.237

l-t debt $314516.133

total $349462.37

yen 32500000/93

2.(1)on July 1.settlement day

dr. accounts payable 17330.48

cr. Foreign exchange gain $17330.48

(2) dr.accounts payable $322346.94

cr. Cash $322346.94

8.Final assignment

To develop a stock market in an emerging economy, there would be some necessary conditions. They are as follows:

Perfect Laws, regulations; market supervision and management measures.

In general, there would be little laws and regulatons in an emerging economy. When we have established the perfect laws and regulations, built our market supervision with measured managements, so the market maybe a good, an effecial market for every kind of subjects with normal transaction. In contrary, it promte government built the related laws.

The state intervention policy of the economy

In some situations, the state intervention makes a huge effect on stock market. The policy offers a forward to the economy. If the stock market fits in well with the country’s policy, it can be developed much well and faster than not fitting in.

The accounting environment and audit environment

The requirements of the accounting and audit affect the reality of the listing company’s financial disclosure information, the influrence is obviously to be seen to the stock market.

The level of the finance, intermediary agency

If one country’s finance institu tions contain all sides of the economy, it is convenient for company financing during its growing. At the same time, the more information about the company, the little risk will the investor face.

The quality of the investor and invest ways in the market

When investors are all reasonal to invest every transaction and there are so many invest ways we can choose to invest, the result is that the scene of the stock market will be much better than past.

The quality of the listing conpany

When t he listing company’s development is more stable, its managements are more effecial, the stock market will be more healthy and then its investors will face little risk in the future

market.

How do these conditions compare to the situation in china?

Although china’s stock market has achieved a great development from the 90s in 20th century. However, there exists some issues.

Laws regulations and market supervision ,management measures

Although china has estahlished some related laws, the basic law of the security is still not built. With the absence of the corrlation law system, there is no laws can be relyed in some special situations.what’s worse. Because of the Inadequate enforcement of the law,there exists some illegal behavior and criminal in the security transaction.

Problem of the state intervention policy of the economy

As with main state’s policy, it leads tocapital market lost the main part of the economy. In the conditions of market economy,compang is the main body of the capital market.even,it is very weak for our company’s main parts. The feature of company are prolems existing in the government and company , unclear Property right and unclear responsibility, weak controlling, shortage of dynamic…these characters are bad for they growing well and make them lost its host position.

The accounting environment and audit environment

On one hand, there exist some not real accounting information in some listing cimpany. As a result of this, what will happens? The result is that invetor will face much more risk than ever. On the other hand, because of the phenomenon of controlling profit is widely spead, the investor especially those small investor will suff great loss.some questions about the audit ars also the importance factors for the loss.

The level of the finance, intermediary agency

As we all know, there are some shortcomings in the intermediary agency. At present, the agency contains security company, trust and investment companies, accounting institus, laws institus, assets valuation institus, Securities investment consulting company and so on. Although these companies involved in many related tasks such as transaction, finance consulting, running, publishing and so on, there are some shortcomings compared with foreion investing banks tasks. so, it is bad for Enterprise reorganization.

The quality of the investor

As personality is the main body of the capital invest market, the quality and quantity are much more lower. It is clear to see that some typical of invest institus ,such as invest found, occupies a lower proportion. With the lag of capital investor development, severval big agencies and large numbers of personnal investor support the stock developing. Based on the rolses, it can not stop the stock market suddenly higher and suddenly lower in a short time. All of this is not good for stock market with a healthy growing.

Invest ways in the market

There are little kinds of transaction tools in the capital market and the capital market’s structure is absence in some degrees. In the developed capital market, it fills many kinds of tools. For example, 80 percent of the world’s fi nance tools are used in Hong Kong capital market. Moreover, Not only are there some kinds of investment such as option, index, but also it is a trend that these money will pass spot transaction. Compared with others, the number of the tools almost keep a little level in more than 5 years except stock in the capital market of our mainland. What’s worse, these tools are even limited from 1 to 5 years. These indicate that

those invest ways is bad for resources optimization deployment.

The quality of the listing conpany

So far, many of the listing company in our country are State-owned enterprises. With its special position, it takes some perposes such as political is the first part, second is economical, leading a lower level of company management. These issues bring some pentencial disasters to the stock market when it comes to personnal benefits.

How likely is china to develop a stock market with fair trading? In the next text, I will tell some views about my personal opinion.

There still exists some issues in china’s stock market at present. However, I'm optimistic about our stock market’s future. The reasons are as follows:

Every thing has a progress to develop well. During the growing time, we will experience some issues. What it is same to our stock market, so we do not have to disappoint to our stock market. We believe that it woud be better in one day sooner or later.

Our government is not stop fixing stock market. Our leaders have taken effecial measures to promote the market to get a healthy development. With the timegoes out, we have changed our old management models step by step. At the same time, we are studing the good managements from foreion countries. In the laws, we continue to improve laws and regulations. In the markets, contining broaden our finance market from demotic to intenantional.

The development of economy. Since the reform and opening up from 1978, great changes have taken place in China’s every aspects, especially in the economy area. When our economy goes to a new stage, Stock market must be get a huge development.

The speed of our education is also very fast. Today, we have a number of people who get the high degrees in the colleges. In the future, there are more people have the high level certificate related to the area of economics. Based on these people, the stock market will have a new blood during its steps when we look forward.

New communication tools to used widely in people’s daily life. Internet, cell phones are the main part tools used to get the transaction informaton. Investors can get more details from the stock market, get more knowledge related to the company’s accounting. For some sides of the market, people will have a good opinion to the pertencial meaning of the policy.

Our stock market is getting more and more better from the reality. Shanghai and Shenzhen, the two largest security in demotic market, have play an inportant role in our daily life.

With the economic globalization, world economy are related more and more frequent. From the international environment, it is good for our stock market’s growing. Moerover, increasing economy is the trend of globalization. World is that, we also even growth.

Form all above,we have reasons to believe that china’s stock market will be more and more better than past times.

At the end of the paper, there will outline a plan of reforms to achieve stock market development in china.

We should build more professional laws and regulations, especially the stock laws. Everyone must implement stick laws, forcing the rules. Fight against all kinds of illegal and criminal activities, such as the not real accouting, cheating transaction, in accordance with the law, enhance people's insurrence. To make the strong find to the company if it cheats its investor and related finance apartments.

Increasing the ways of investing, we can bring in new finance tools and protect some tools if

they appears strongly life during the economy.

Requiring higher standards for accounting and audit institus qualitity. Supporting those institus from policy and punishing these institus if they broke the low.

To the State-owned enterprise, we should take measures to reform the structure if they belongs to the listing companies and make them more efficient.

Built some professional finance apartment , such as invest bank, found. These institus make the invest more professional. From the investors relationship, it will reduce investor’s blindness and risk when they enter the stock market.

父亲高原阅读答案

篇一:父亲高原阅读答案 篇二:父亲高原阅读答案 然而,我爱父亲。每次一进村,老远就看见他噙着烟锅蹲在门前。我对父亲的爱和敬意是无法说出来的,只能深深地叫一声“爸”。父亲的脸略露出一丝笑意,算是回答。 父亲把希望全凝注在我身上。每当他看见儿子背着书包,摸着课本回来,那满是皱纹的脸上便挂满了笑意。 我的眼睛湿润了,知道这钱来之不易。 父亲似乎要笑,却又掏出烟锅“吧嗒”了几下说:“穿上吧,娃。 父亲常来学校。 父亲望着儿子,似乎要说许多话,最后仅仅说:“爸又来了。”他解开纽扣,从口袋深处摸出一个粗布缝的钱包,从里面翻出几张纸币递给我。 放假后,我一进门,父亲拿起我的奖状左看右看,喜滋滋地吸着烟锅。父亲已经很久不再喝茶了。回家的时候,我特意称了一包茶叶,却惹他生了那么大的气。 我吓坏了,连忙解释:“爸,这钱是您给我的,我没有舍得花,省了一点才……” 父亲忽然怔住了,嘴角抽动了好几下,眼睛呆滞地盯着我。 父亲老了,由于过度的劳累和负担,他的脸上长满了胡子,背也明显地弯了,每次下地回来就咳嗽个不停。自从我上了高三,父亲便不让我回家。 ________ 2.文中两次写父亲“蹲在门前,目光凝视着远方……”写法上有什么不同?从这目光中你看到了什么? ________ ________ 4.文中写父亲给我试衣服一处属什么描写?表明父亲怎样的心理?这时为什么我却没吐出一个字? ________

________ 6.做儿女的给父母买点东西,一般来讲,父母都很高兴,夸孩子懂事,孝敬老人,可当“我”把一包茶叶带给父亲时,为什么惹他生了很大的气,脸上蒙上了失望和悲伤? ________ 7.父亲是怎样的一个人?(归纳人物的性格特点) ________ 8.本文的思想内容及表现手法和我们学过的哪篇文章类似? ________ 1.这是欲扬先抑的写法。 2.前者是实写,后者是虚写。从父亲凝视的目光中看到父亲丰富的内心世界和希望。他爱儿子,希望儿子学业有成。 3.因为父亲把希望全倾注在我身上,虽然肩负沉重的生活重担,却含辛茹苦地供“我”读书,希望我有出息,他把作业看成辛勤劳动的成果,因此当成作品一样地细细鉴赏。 4.此处是细节描写。写出父亲爱儿子,怕到城里被人瞧不起,以防孩子心灵受伤害,影响学习的复杂心理。 5.①“穿上吧,娃……要好好地学习哟!”写父亲担心别人笑 话“我”穷;怕我嫌衣服不好;勉励我用心读书。②“爸又来了”。话虽简单,却似千言万语,饱含父亲对儿子的无限思念与挂牵。③“瞎闹,这娃从城里耍坏了,不知道珍惜钱。 7.父亲是一个淳朴的农民,极普通而又不平凡,他望子成龙,竭力相助而又背负生活的重担。 8.《背影》 来源:2011-2012学年山西省太原市毕业班综合测试语文试卷(一)(解析版) 题型:现代文阅读 阅读小说.完成小题. 迟到的善果 张鸣跃 这天.老根出门拾满了一袋子饮料瓶回家.天已经黑了.走进胡同口.听见里面有女孩哭喊救命.他折身就走出胡同.绕道回家.他觉得这条胡同简直就是他的灾根.20年前就是这里面一声救命让他一头扎入灾难! 回到家.老根发现儿子不在家里.早就放学了.怎么回事?等了好久.有电话打来:“你是老根吗?你儿子小三受伤了.现在二院-- 老根呼地站起.说该来始终于来了.就往二院跑. 到二院.进病房.儿子还在打点滴.身上缠着绷带.伤得不轻.儿子看见他.挣扎着说:“爹.你别着急.没事-- 老根问医生咋回事.医生说:“警察送来的.您老先回家拿住院费吧.先拿五千-- 老根心里一紧.问儿子:“打架?

chapter3-assignment

第三章 线性分组码 习题 1.证明[n ,k ]线性分组码的最大距离为n -k +1。 2.设一个[7,4]码的生成矩阵为 1000111010010100100110 00111 0G ????? ?=?????? (1)求出该码的全部码矢; (2)求出该码的一致校验矩阵; (3)作出该码的标准阵译码表。 3.证明定理3.1.3。 4.一个[8,4]系统码,它的一致校验方程为: c 0=m 1+m 2+m 3c 1=m 0+m 1+m 2c 2=m 0+m 1+m 2c 3=m 0+m 2+m 3 式中,m 0,m 1,m 2,m 3是信息位,c 0,c 1,c 2,c 3是校验位。找出该码的G 和H ,并证明该码的最小距离为4。 5.构造第4题中码的对偶码。 6.设H 1是[n ,k ]线性分组码C 1的校验矩阵,且有奇数最小距离为d 。作一个新的码C 2,它的校 验矩阵为 12000111 1H H ?? ????? ?=???????? M L (1)证明C 2是一个(n +1,k )分组码; (2)证明C 2中每一码字的重量为偶数; (3)证明C 2码的最小重量为d +1。 7.设C 1是一个有最小距离为d 1的[n 1,k ]线性系统码,生成矩阵为G 1=[P 1I k ]。C 2是一个有最小距离为d 2的[n ,k ]线性系统码,它的生成矩阵G 2=[P 2I k ]。对满足下述一致校验矩阵 212T k n n k T p H I P I ???? ? ?=??????

的[n 1+n 2,k]线性码,证明它有最小距离至少为d 1+d 2。 8.设一个二进制[n ,k ]码C 的G 矩阵不含全零列,将C 的所有码字排成2k ×n 的阵。 证明: (a )阵中不含有全零列; (b )阵中的每一列由2k -1个零和2k -1个1组成; (c )在一特定分量上为0的所有码字构成C 的一个子空间,问该子空间的维数是多少? 9.令是所有二进制[n ,k ]线性系统码的集合。证明非零二进制n 重V 或者恰巧含于的 ΓΓ(1)()2k n k ??个码中,或者不在的任一码中。 Γ10.证明二进制[23,12,7]Golay 码和三进制的[11,6,5]Golay 码是完备码。 11.若d 是码C 的最小重量,且为偶数,(1)/2t d =????? 。证明有两个重量均为t +1的矢量必在C 码的同一陪集中。 12.求出d =3,至多只有3个校验元的二进制码的码长n ;和d =5,至多只有8个校验元的二进 制码的码长n 。 13.计算二进制[24,12,8]扩张Golay 码的覆盖半径,及[8,4]RM 码的覆盖半径。 14.证明定理3.9.3。 15.构造三个二进制的[10,3,5]LUEP 码,其分离矢量分别为(8,2,2),(7,4,4), (6,4,4)。写出它们标准形式的G 和系统码形式的G 。 16.证明定理3.10.3。 17.构造一个具有最高码率的k =10,t =2的2-EC/AUED 码。 18.证明定理3.10.6。

财务分析

哈佛分析框架:财务战略分析新思维 2015-09-15中国管理会计网 管理会计微信号:china-cma 本文运用哈佛分析框架的基本原理,结合亚泰集团企业案例,通过分析其揭示其财务及经营状况并预测其发展前景。 财务分析一直以来在评价企业业绩过程中起到重要且不可替代作用,它通过对报表数据的各种变换计算,运用模型建立起一系列评价体系,从各个方面、各个角度分析企业经营成果并预测未来。利益相关者主要通过企业发布的财务报表来评价企业。因此,财务报表成为传统财务分析的根本。然而作为经济实体的主体——企业,并不是孤立存在的,它不仅受自身的经营及财务政策的影响,还受其所处的相关行业及宏观经济环境的影响。 有效地财务评价体系不仅应注重对企业财务数据的分析,而且应重视非财务信息。应将财务分析对象由财务报表扩展到与财务报表及企业经营相关的行业环境、政策环境、宏观经济环境等,站在战略的高度对企业进行评价。哈佛分析框架在一定程度上克服了传统财务分析的缺陷,鉴于此,本文利用哈佛分析框架对亚泰集团的行业状况和发展战略、会计质量、财务报表及发展前景进行了定性和定量的综合分析,这种分析方法有效地克服了传统财务报表分析的局限性,能够从整体上把握企业集团的整体经营状况,从而预测企业未来发展前景。 哈佛分析框架 哈佛分析框架由哈佛大学佩普(K.G.Palepu)、希利(P.M.Healy)和伯纳德(V.L.Bernard)三位学者提出,他们认为财务分析不应只分析报表数据,应该站在战略的高度,结合企业内外部环境并在科学预测的基础上为企业未来发展指明方向,哈佛分析框架主要包括企业战略分析、会计分析、财务分析及前景分析。

中国海关的通关制度和海关业务制度改革

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父爱昼夜无眠阅读答案修订稿

父爱昼夜无眠阅读答案集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

父爱昼夜无眠阅读答案 父爱昼夜无眠 父亲最近总是萎靡不振,大白天躺在床上鼾声如雷,新买的房子如音箱一般把他的声音“扩”得气壮山河,很是影响我的睡眠——我是一名昼伏夜“出”的自由撰稿人,并且患有神经衰弱的职业病。我提出要带父亲去医院看看,他这个年龄嗜睡,没准就是老年痴呆症的前兆。父亲不肯,说他没病。再三动员失败后,我有点恼火地说,那你能不能不打鼾,我多少天没睡过安稳觉了!一言既出,顿觉野蛮和“忤逆”,我怎么能用这种口气跟父亲说话?父亲的脸在那一刻像遭了寒霜的柿子,红得即将崩(kuì),但他终于什么话也没说。 第二天,我睡到下午4点才醒来,难得如此“一气呵成”。突然想起父亲的鼾声,推开他的房门,原来他不在。不定到哪儿玩麻将去了,我一直鼓励他出去多交朋友。看来,虽然我的话冲撞了父亲,但他还是理解我的,这就对了。父亲在农村穷了一辈子,我把他接到城里来和我一起生活,没让他为柴米油盐操过一点心。为买房子,我欠了一屁股债。这不都得靠我拼死拼活写文章挣稿费慢慢还吗?我还不到30岁,头发就开始“落英缤纷”,这都是用脑过度、睡眠不足造成的。我容易吗?作为儿子,我唯一的要求就是让他给我一个安静的白天,养精蓄(ruì)。我觉得这并不过分。 父亲每天按时回来给我做饭,吃完后让我好好睡,就出去了。有一天,我随口问父亲,最近在干啥呢?父亲一愣,支吾着说,没,没干啥。我突然发现父亲的皮肤比原先白了,人却瘦了许多。我夹些肉放进父亲碗里,让他注意加强营养。父亲说,他是“贴骨膘”,身体棒着呢。 转眼到了年底,我应邀为一个朋友所领导的厂子写专访,对方请我吃晚饭。由于该厂离我的住处较远,他们用车来接我。饭毕,他们又送我一套“三枪”内衣,并让我随他们

solutions for assignment3

Chapter 3 Assignments P13.Consider a reliable data transfer protocol that uses only negative acknowledgments. Suppose the sender sends data infrequently. Would a NAK-only protocol be preferable to a protocol that uses ACKs? Why? Now suppose the sender has a lot of data to send and the end-to-end connection experiences few losses. In this second case, would a NAK-only protocol be preferable to a protocol that uses ACKs? Why? Answer: In a NAK only protocol, the loss of packet x is only detected by the receiver when packet x+1 is received. That is, the receivers receives x-1 and then x+1, only when x+1 is received does the receiver realize that x was missed. If there is a long delay between the transmission of x and the transmission of x+1, then it will be a long time until x can be recovered, under a NAK only protocol. On the other hand, if data is being sent often, then recovery under a NAK-only scheme could happen quickly. Moreover, if errors are infrequent, then NAKs are only occasionally sent (when needed), and ACK are never sent – a significant reduction in feedback in the NAK-only case over the ACK-only case. P23. We have said that an application may choose UDP for a transport protocol because UDP offers finer application control (than TCP) of what data is sent in a segment and when. a. Why does an application have more control of what data is sent in a segment? b. Why does an application have more control on when the segment is sent? Answer: a) Consider sending an application message over a transport protocol. With TCP, the application writes data to the connection send buffer and TCP will grab bytes without necessarily putting a single message in the TCP segment; TCP may put more or less than a singe message in a segment. UDP, on the other hand, encapsulates in a segment whatever the application gives it; so that, if the application gives UDP an application message, this message will be the payload of the UDP segment. Thus, with UDP, an application has more control of what data is sent in a segment. b) With TCP, due to flow control and congestion control, there may be significant delay from the time when an application writes data to its send buffer until when the data is given to the network layer. UDP does not have delays due to flow control and congestion control.

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尽职调查框架 财务顾问尽职调查的关注要点 1、业务 (1)行业/企业的业务模型、盈利模式 (2)标的企业的竞争优势 (3)协同效应,以及未来潜在的整合成本和整合风险 【Tips】 ?在做企业尽职调查时,可以以估值模型为线索进行调查; ?不要忽视目标公司董事会会议记录以及决策等法律文件,里面会包含公司业务的信息,特别是公司战略。 2、财务 (1)历史数据的真实性、可靠性 (2)预测财务数据偏于保守?偏于乐观?预测的依据是什么? (3)是否有表外负债? (4)内控制度的健全性(审计师的内控审计报告) (5)税务问题(除公司自身税务情况外,还需关注收购方案所涉及的税务问题)【Tips】 在做财务尽职调查时,需与审计师充分沟通,并且与业务尽职调查紧密联系。 3、法律 (1)公司自身的法律情况:重大诉讼和法律纠纷、房产土地的权属问题等 (2)交易所涉及的法律问题:股权结构(类别股权安排,优先股东、期权等问 题)、行业监管规定、交易涉及的其他监管规则等。 【Tips】 法律尽职调查可以分为两部分,一部分是公司本身的法律情况,需要依赖律师去尽职调查,投行需要关注未来的风险所在;另一部分是交易所涉及的法律问题,此部分投行要充分组织和积极参与讨论,具体的工作可以以律师为主。 4、人力资源 (1)管理层聘用和留任问题 (2)工会问题 (3)离退、内退人员负担及养老金问题 【Tips】 人事的问题对于收购后的成功整合非常重要,不容忽视;投行需要起牵头作用,具体的工作由适当的中介机构承担。 5、其他 (1)是否有历史遗留问题?比如一厂多制等

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