Unit 1
Will people have robots?
II. Grammar:
·一般将来时
·there will be ·few，a few，little，a little，much，many
语法小结：
一、一般将来时
1．用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。
如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。
We are having fish for dinner.
We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.
这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。
A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?
A: Yes，I am just coming. Wait for me.
2．用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示―意图‖，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。
Are you going to post that letter?
How long is he going to stay here?
I am going to book a ticket.
另一意义是表示―预见‖，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。
It‘s going to rain.
George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.
3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：
主要意义，一是表示预见。
You will feel better after taking this medicine.
Do you think it will rain?
二是表示意图.
I will not lend the book to you.
Take it easy，I will not do it any longer.
基本结构：
She will come to have class tomorrow.
Will she come to have class tomorrow?
She won‘t come to have class tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
二、There be结构
1. there be结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。
There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。
There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。
There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。
There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。
2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单
复数形式。
如There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。
How many people are there in the city?这个城市里有多少人口？
There is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。
There are two books and a pen on the desk.课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。
There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。
There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老师和一些学生。
3. 在there be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。
There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。
There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。
There is nothing to do. (=to be done)无事可做。
4、There is no doing.
(口语)不可能…….
There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。
There is no knowing what he is doing.无法知道他在做什么。
三、课文难句解析
1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？
1) money 金钱；货币
eg．What's the money? 价钱是多少?
paper money 纸币；钞票
2) in 100 years 在100年之后
―in+一段时间‖常用在将来时态中
eg．I'll come in an hour. 我一小时后来。
I'll see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。
2. There will be less leisure time．空闲时间会更少。
1) less形容词：较少的(是little的比较级)，修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more。
eg．Jane's less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。
Five is less than six．5比6少。
2) leisure time 空闲时间
eg．What do you do in your leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么？
3. I think there will be more pollution．我认为将会有更多的污染产生。
1) think后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是there be句型的一般将来时，结构为―there will be+物+其他成分‖。
eg．I think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。
I think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。
2) pollution表示―污染‖，用作不可数名词。
例如：They did a lot to stop water pollution．他们采取大量措施制止水污染。
4. I don't agree．我不同意。
agree在本句中作动词，I don't agree．是一句交际用语，表示―不赞成某人或某人的观点‖，如果表赞成，则为I agree。
1) 表示―同意某人意见‖时用agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。
eg．Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗?
I don't agree with what she said．我不同意她所说的。
2) 表示―同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)‖时，用agree to(to在此用作介词，其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分)，该短语可以用于被动语态。
eg．I agree to your idea．我同意你的想法。
My plan was agreed to by all of them．他们所有的人都同意我的计划。
3) 表示―就……取得一致意见‖用agree on(或upon)，指―两者或两者以上的商定，达成协议‖。
eg．They both agreed on the date for the meeting．他们双方都同意开会的日期。
4) agree后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示―同意做某事‖。
eg．They agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon．他们同意明天下午动身。
5. What do you think Sally will be in five years? 你认为萨莉5年之后将会是什么样子?
此句中的do you think是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。
eg．Which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书?
Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?
6. I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜欢上了这座城市。
1) go表示―去‖，过去式是went，―go to+地名‖表示―到某地去‖。
eg．When will you go to school? 你什么时候去上学？
He will go to the factory tomorrow．他明天要去那所工厂。
如果go后面接副词，不用to。
eg．He went home at before six yesterday evening．他昨天晚上6点前回家的。
2) last year意为―去年‖，用于一般过去时态中。
eg．He went to London last year．去年他去了伦敦。
3) love爱，热爱，其反义词是hate；fall in love with是―喜爱；爱上；与……相恋‖的意思。
eg．He went to Harbin last year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈尔滨，并且喜欢上了那里。
7. I can't have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物，因为我妈不喜欢他们
1) because在这句中用作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示―因为‖。注意在英语中because不能和so同时使用。
eg．John didn't go to school because he was ill. 约翰没有上学，因为他病了。
2) hate表示―不喜欢，憎恨‖，后可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可用词组hate doing sth.，表示―讨厌做某事‖。
eg．He hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。
I hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。
8. I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。
1)go doing sth. 结构，表示―去做……
go skating去滑冰go swimming去游泳go shopping去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船
eg．My father goes fishing every week．我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。
I like going skating．我喜欢去滑冰。
2) every day与everyday区别：every day表示―每天‖，通常与一般现在时连用；而everyday表示―日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的‖，是形容词。例如：
eg．I get up at six every day. 我每天6点起床。
He wears everyday clothes today．今天他穿一身便服。
9. During the week I‘ll look smart，and probably will wear a suit．
在工作日里，我会看上去很精神，也许会穿一身套装。
1) during表示―在……期间‖，during the week是介词短语，意为―在工作日里‖。
eg．The sun gives us light during the day. 太阳在白天给我们阳光。
He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。
2) look表示―看上去‖，用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。
eg．That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
You look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。
3) wear表示―穿‖，表示状态，用一般现在时表示经常状态，用现在进行时表示暂时状态。
eg．We wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们在下雨天穿雨鞋。
She is wearing a new coat．她穿着一件新衣服。
Does he wear glasses? 她戴眼镜吗？
put on是―穿上‖，―戴上‖的意思，强调动作。
eg．She put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。
注意：put on是一时的动作，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。
他整天戴着草帽。误：He puts on a hat all day. 正：He wears a hat all day.
10. I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation．我会去香港度假。
on vacation意为―在度假‖，on表示―处于……状态中‖。
eg．He will go to Hangzhou on vacation．他要到杭州度假。
My father will be away on business tomorrow．我爸爸明天要出差。
11. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?
1) What's the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样，相当于How is the weather？What be … like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见，意思是―……怎么样?‖ 类似的说法还有What do you think of…? How do you like…?等句型。
eg．What is the book like? ＝What do you think of the book?
＝How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样?
What's the weather like today?＝How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?
2) What is／are…1ike? 可用来提问天气情况，也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问，还可以用来对其特性提问。
eg．What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?
What's the young girl like? 那个年轻女孩长什么样?
What was the book like? 那本书怎么样?
12. There were many famous predictions that never came true．(过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测
1) 本句中that never came true是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词predictions，that为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不可省略。
2) come true指―理想，梦想等实现‖。come是连系动词；true是形容词，做连系动词come的表语。
eg．My dream will come true someday. 有一天我的梦想会实现。
Her dream to go to university has come true．她上大学的愿望实现了。
一、词汇考查。
A.选择正确的词语填空。
1. Tom has __________ (few; fewer) Christmas cards than I.
2. They believe that there will be __________ (less; fewer) green trees in fifty years.
3. He is ill and he can eat _________ (more; less) food, so he gets quite weak.
4. The ________ (more; much) we get together, the ________ (happy; happier) we‘ll be.
5. David has _______ (less; fewer) money than Anna has.
B.把括号中的汉语翻译成英语。
6.—Do you have a little _______________(空闲时间)？
—Yes, I do. Why? —I want to talk about something with you.
7.I think I will be in a high school _________________(四年以后).
8.—What do you think about in the future?
—I think students will all study at home ________________(用电脑).
9.Which movies will _____________________(得奖) next year?
10.—Can you _________________(吹喇叭)?
—A little.
—Then join us, please.
C.理解句意，填补所缺部分。
11.Thursday is the f ___ day of a week.
12. Yesterday it rained very h_______ , so I didn‘t go out.
13. My parents enjoy l in the countryside very much.
14. Do you have any l time? I want your help.
15. The computer is an important i .
16. There will be less p in 100 years.
17. We will have a long v after a few days.
18. Do you have a c card?
19. The other students kept their eyes c right away.
20. Their lives will be a lot b than it is now.
二、根据句意，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
21. She wants to be a _________ (science) when she grows up.
22. There is a tall _________ (build) in front of the post office.
23. I can do my homework by _________ (I).
24. Today is Sunday. Let's go ________ (skate).
25. Please buy some _________ (toothbrush) for them.
三、同步语法。
A.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
26. They ____________ (not have) any classes next week.
27. Betty _____________ (write) to her parents tomorrow.
28. Look at those clouds. It ___________ (rain).
29. He ____________ (read) an English book now.
30. Look! Many girls ______________ (dance) over there.
B.按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。
31. They clean the classroom every day. (用tomorrow代替every day)
They _________ _________ the classroom tomorrow.
32. Will the flowers come out soon? (作肯定回答) _________, _________ _________.
33. We'll go out for a walk with you. (改为否定句)
We _________ _________ out for a walk with you.
34. Nanjing will have a fine day. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ Nanjing _________ a fine day?
35. The students will work in the supermarket. (对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ the students _________?
四、单项选择。
( )36. — Will people live to be 300 years old? —_________.
A. No, they aren't
B. No, they won‘t
C. No, they don't
D. No, they can't ( )37. There will be _________ pollution this year than last year.
A. fewer
B. much
C. less
D. many
( )38. I think people here are friendly. Do you agree _________ me?
A. with
B. to
C. on
D. from
( )39. —Where is Miss Wang?
—She went to Hainan Island last week and will return _________ six days.
A. ago
B. later
C. behind
D. in
( )40. —_________ will they play? —They will play football.
A. What subject
B. What sport
C. What food
D. What language ( )41. I will see you again _________.
A. a day
B. every day
C. one day
D. everyday ( )42. I hope your dream will _________.
A. come true
B. come out
C. come in
D. come on ( )43. Everyone wants to _________ to the moon for vacations.
A. walk
B. run
C. swim
D. fly
( )44.This coat doesn't fit him well, as he has ____ a huge body and the coat is___small.
A. so; such
B. so; so
C. such; such
D. such; so
( )45. —How many birds can you see in the trees?
—I can see _________ birds in them.
A. hundreds of
B. five hundreds
C. hundred of
D. five hundreds of
五、根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。
46. 没有人知道将来会发生什么事。
No one knows what will happen _________ _________ _________.
47. 电脑如今被人们广泛地使用。
The computers _________ widely _________ _________ people today.
48.你认为哪一张画最好看？
Which _________ _________ _________ is the nicest picture?
49. 他的叔叔是一名宇航员。他去年在太空站工作。
His uncle is an _________. He worked on a _________ _________ last year.
50. 我到临沂后，我就爱上了这座城市。
I _________ _________ _________ _________ this city after I got to Linyi.
六、完形填空。
Ａ
We live in computer age (时代). People 51 scientists, teachers, writers and even students use computers to do all kinds of work. But more than 30 years ago, 52 couldn't do much. They were very big and expensive. Very 53 people were interested in them and knew how to use them. Today computers are smaller and 54 . But they can do a lot of work; many people like to use them. Some people 55 have them at home.
Computers become very important because they can work 56 than people and make fewer mistakes. Computers can 57 people do a lot of work. Writers now use computers to 58 . Teachers use them to help teaching. Students use them to 59 . Computers can also remember what you 60 them. Computers are very useful and helpful. They are our friends. Do you want to have a computer?
( )51. A. like B. as C. and D. with
( )52. A. students B. scientists C. teachers D. computers
( )53. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
( )54. A. cheap B. cheaper C. more expensive D. expensive
( )55. A. even B. still C. already D. yet
( )56. A. fast B. faster C. slow D. slower
( )57. A. help B. make C. stop D. use
( )58. A. write B. play C. study D. learn
( )59. A. sing B. study C. dance D. watch
( )60. A. put in B. put on C. put into D. put up
Ｂ
根据短文内容和首字母提示完成句中所缺单词。
In England winter is not very cold and summer is not very h 61 .There is a great d 62 between summer and winter. Why is it?
England has a warm winter and a c 63 summer because it is an island(岛) c 64 .In winter the sea is w 65 than the land. The winds from the sea t 66 warm air to E 67 . In summer the sea is c 68 than the land. The winds from the sea t 69 cool air to England. The southwest winds blow over(吹遍) England all the year. They blow from the s 70 .So England has a lot of rain.
61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
七、阅读理解。
A
Peter was an inventor. His job was to invent new things, and he worked when he had an idea. His workroom was in his house, so he could work whenever he wanted to. Sometimes he worked seven days a week and sometimes he didn‘t work for days. He did all his work right at home, but he left the house to go to meetings sometimes.
Peter usually got up at about five o‘ clock. He made some tea and started to work at six. He drank tea all day—he couldn‘t work without it—but he didn‘t eat anythi ng until in the evening.
First, Peter cleaned the workroom and turned on the answer-phone because he couldn‘t talk to people when he had an idea. Then he started to work. He usually had a rest after two or three hours, but he didn‘t leave the workroom. He did something different to help him relax. Sometimes he did some exercise, and sometimes he listened to music. He usually stopped working at about nine o‘ clock in the evening. He thought about his work most of the time, even when he was out. He was interested in what was around him and he liked looking for new ideas and new problems to solve.
阅读短文，完成句子
71. Peter was an ______.
72. Peter did his work at home, but he left his house to have ______ sometimes.
73. When he was working at daytime he didn‘t ______ anything until in the evening.
74. He ______ the answer-phone because he couldn‘t talk to others.
75. To relax, he often did some exercise and ______ in his workroom.
B
We are all busy talking about and using the Internet, but how many of us know about the history of the Internet?
Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s. At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer networks(网络) didn‘t work well. If one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. So a new network system(系统) had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers. If part of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. In this way the computer network system would keep on working all the time.
At first, the Internet was only used by the government, but, in the early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use it too. However, computers were still expensive and the Internet was difficult to use. By the start of the 1990s, computers become cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software(软件) that made ―surfing(浏览)‖ the Internet more convenient (方便).
Today it is easy to get on-line and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. Sending e-mail is more and more popular among students.
The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of people‘s life.
阅读短文，选择正确答案
( ) 76. The Internet has a history of ______ years.
A. about 40
B. less than 30
C. more than 45
D. nearly 35
( ) 77. Scientists set up a new network system to ______.
A. make the computer cheaper
B. make the system work well
C. make the computer go well
D. develop new softwares
( ) 78.The Internet was widely used in the ______.
A.1960s
B.1970s
C.1980s
D.1990s
( ) 79.The underlined words ―get on-line‖ in Chinese mean ______.
A.上机
B.上网
C.接线
D.买电脑
( ) 80.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. In the 1960s computer network system went wrong easily.
B. Computers are much cheaper than before.
C. Today the Internet is used everywhere.
D. People had enough softwares to get on-line fifteen years ago.
八、书面表达。
提示：我喜欢英语，我想在10年以后当一位英语老师。我要尽可能教好我的学生。我要尽量用英语讲课。我要努力使我的课讲得生动有趣。另外，学生们都喜欢听老师讲故事，所以我要经常给学生讲英语故事，使他们对英语感兴趣，从而能提高他们的听力。我相信我能成为一个好老师的。词数：80左右
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Unit 2What should I do?
【单元目标】
2．目标句型：
1. What should I do?
2. Why don‘t you…?
3. You could …
4. You should…
5. You shouldn‘t…
3．语法
情态动词的用法Ⅰ
【重难点分析】
情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ
* 情态动词也可称为―情态助动词(Modal Auxiliaries)‖，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。
* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。
* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。
* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情态动词的时态关系：
1. 现在式can -- 过去式could
2. 现在式may -- 过去式might
3. 现在式shall -- 过去式should
4. 现在式will -- 过去式would
5. 现在式must -- 过去式must （常用had to来代替）
二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)
（1）can 和could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”：
1. He can't be at home. (否定句)
他不可能在家。
2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词can 置于主语the news 前就成疑问句)
这消息可能是真的吗?
3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。（2）may 和might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”：
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。
（3）will 和would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”：
1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会)我想他现在一定好了。
2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)
他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。
（4）shall 和should 用于表示“必定”：
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。
（5）must 用于表示“必定”，“必会”：
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？
三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
（1）can 和could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”：
1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。
3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用could 比can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？（2）will 和would 用于表示“请求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?(表示客气请求)
请问到邮局怎么走？
2. Would you give me your address? (用would 比will 表示更客气)
请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？
（3）shall 和should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见
1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？
2. What should we do next? (用should 比shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？
（4）may 和might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用can )
1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。
3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)
学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)
你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。
（5）must 用于表示“禁止”，“不准”：
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比may not 更强)
你们不准在池里钓鱼。
四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)
1．argue v．争论；争吵argue with sb．与某人吵架
I argued with my best friend．我和我的好朋友吵架了。
Don‘t argue with him. 别和他争吵了。
2．① either adv.（用于否定句）也
He does n‘t have any money, and I don‘t, either．他没有钱，我也没有。
I can‘t play chess. She can‘t, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。
② too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）
I‘m a teacher．He is a teacher, too．我是老师，他也是老师。
We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗？
3．ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……
Don't ask for food every day．Go and find some work．别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。
I don‘t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。
If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难，可以向警察求助。
He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back．他不想向老师要回他的书了。
4．the same as... 与……相同
The clothes are the same as my friends'．这些衣服与我朋友的一样。
Tom is the same age as Anna．＝Tom is as old as Anna．汤姆和安娜一样大。
Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。
5．except 除……以外；（不包括……在内）
My class has been invited except me．＝Only I haven't been invited．
除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him．＝Only he didn't get to the park．
They all toured America except her.
除了他以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。
besides 除……以外（包括在内）
We all went there besides him．＝He went there．We went there, too．除他去以外，我们也都去了。There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客
6．wrong adj．错误的；有毛病的；不合适的
Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服？
─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)
─ I've got a headache．我头痛。
What‘s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。
adv．错误地；不正确地；不对地
He answered wrong．他答错了。
They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。
7．get on well with sb．与某人相处融洽
The students will get on well with the teacher．学生会和老师相处得非常好。
We get on well with each other．我们彼此相处融洽。
Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?
她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?
8．have a fight with sb．＝fight with sb．与某人打架
I don?t want to have a fight with my cousin．我不想和我的堂兄打架。
They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.
他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。
五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)
What should I do? You could write him a letter．
What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him
What should they do? They shouldn't argue．
六、词语辨析
1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物
lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物
例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.
lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用
例如：Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗？
2. ①get sb. to do…使……做（以人为对象时，有―说服……使做……‖的含义）
He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。
You‘ll never get her to agree.你决不可能使她同意。
②ask sb. to do…邀请（人）做……
We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会
③tell sb. to do…让某人做某事例如：
The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。
3、be in style 时髦的，流行的
be out of style 过时的，不时髦的
例：Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。
Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。
七、课文解释
1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。
此处surprise是及物动词surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊
eg. My friend always surprises me.
2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流
eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆听电话。
Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉，你的电话
3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话
He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来电话
=He gave me a call from New York.
4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信
5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券
eg. They got two tickets to tonight‘s show.他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。
6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。
eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。
7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现，查出，找出
You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。
8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.
除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）
此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像―someone, anyone nobody‖等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像―what, where‖等词的后面使用意思是―别的‖
eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面
9、I can’t think what I did wrong.我真想不出我做错了什么。
此句中what I did wrong是宾语从句，作think的宾语应用陈述语序。
10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。
此句中what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成―I don‘t know what I should do.‖
11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。
此句中you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词―things‖
12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。
Leave sth. +介词短语，是―把……忘在，落在（某处）的意思。
eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。
13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。
Try to do…努力做，试着做，尽量做
而try not to do 是尽量不做……
eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。
14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。
enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示―足够……的‖
eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。
15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下
16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事
eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球
17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做……（事）很难
He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难
一、词汇考查。
A.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. There was an _________ (argue) happened between Tom and Jack last night.
2. Lucy is used to_________ (have) a walk after supper every day.
3. The people in Iraq keep fighting for their own ________ (free).
4. The teenagers have to work hard because of the _________ (press) from their parents.
5. They tried their best to find the ______ (solve) because they want to solve the problems.
B.根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
1. All the students laugh at me because my clothes are out of s_________.
2. ―Don‘t worry,my dear young man; there‘s nothing s_______.‖ the doctor said to me.
3. Everyone went to play bowling e_____ Tom and me because we don‘t like it.
4.Look,our English teacher is __________(准备) for his lessons.
5.He is really a_______(天才),he can do everything that I can‘t do.
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. My parents want me _______ (stay) at home every night because it‘s dangerous outside.
2. —You look so sad today. —I _______ (argue) with my girlfriend last night.
3. Lucy, what should I do? I need some money ______ (buy) some presents for my best friend.
4. —I found it difficult ____________ (get) to sleep in the night.
—You‘d better_________ (take) some sleeping pills.
5. Lily is 1.7 meters tall. She is tall enough ___________ (reach) the apples on the tree.
6. Don‘t __________ (compare) others with yourself, just ____________ (work) hard.
7. The young lady _______ (suffer) from headache, she has to _____ (go) to see the doctor.
三、句型转换。
1. English names are different from Chinese names.（同义句）
English names ____________the ______________as Chinese names.
2. This desk is Lucy and Lily‘s. （对划线部分提问）
______________________________________ is this?
3. English is the most popular of all. （同义句）
English is _____________ popular than _____ subject.
4. He got up after his mother came back. （同义句）
He____________ get up_____________ his mother ____________.
四、单项选择。
( ) 1. The man over there ________ our Chinese teacher.
A. may
B. maybe
C. may be
D. be
( ) 2. It ________ her four hours_________ the work yesterday.
A. takes, finish
B. take, finishing
C. took, finished
D. took, to finish ( ) 3.The number of the students in our class ___________ 70.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. be
( ) 4.Do you know any other foreign language ________ English?
A. except
B. but
C. besides
D. beside
( ) 5. Would you like__________ for supper?
A. something Chinese
B. Chinese something
C. anything Chinese
D. Chinese anything
( ) 6. Mary was disappointed when she found out they had gone to the cinema_____ her.
A. except
B. besides
C. for
D. without
( ) 7. —Shall I get a cup of water for you? —Yes, _______.
A. please
B. you shall
C. you will
D. you may
( ) 8. Would you please_______ on the road?
A. not to play
B. to not play
C. play not
D. not play
( ) 9. I‘m afraid I‘ll have to _________ the lost book.
A. pay for
B. paid for
C. pay of
D. paid on
( ) 10. Little Tom is an orphan. He now feels__________ without his only friend the dog.
A. very more lonely
B. even more lonely
C. more still lonely
D. more far alone
( ) 11. At last, she found her _______ pet dog.
A. lost
B. lose
C. losing
D. loses
( ) 12. —I‘m sorry I_______ my exercise book at home.
—Don‘t forget _______it here tomorrow, please.
A. forgot; to take
B. forgot; to bring
C. left; to take
D. left; to bring
( ) 13. Could you_________ when the planes arrives?
A. tell
B. look for
C. finds out
D. find out
( ) 14. He used to ________very late, but now he is used to __________early.
A. get up; getting up
B. get up; get up
C. getting up; get up
D. getting up; getting up
( ) 15. —What‘s wrong with you?—_________________.
A. I‘ve got a headache
B.She‘ll take some m edicine.
C. She‘s got a headache
D. Thank you.
五、完形填空。
The 1 in Britain is very different from our Chinese food. For example, they eat a lot of potatoes. They like to eat 2 every day. They eat bread 3 breakfasts and usually for one other meal. They eat their bread with butter, 4 cheese or jam(果酱). Cheese and butter are made from 5 .They drink a lot of milk, too. They drink the milk cold or 6 _, and they put it in their tea. They put sugar in their 7 _, too. They are the world‘s biggest tea 8 . They don‘t eat much rice. And they like meat or fish with9 and other vegetables. They serve all these together. After the main meal they always have 10 sweet. They call this dessert. They don‘t have dumplings in Beijing.
( ) 1. A. apples B. tea C. food D. fruit
( ) 2.A. it B. them C. one D. they
( ) 3. A. to B. with C. on D. for
( ) 4. A. maybe B. be C. may D. may be
( ) 5. A. milk B. cow C. meat D. bread
( ) 6. A. hot B. many C. much D. bread
( ) 7. A. milk B. tea C. coffee D. meal
( ) 8. A. makers B. buyers C. drinkers D. sellers
( ) 9. A. tomatoes B. bananas C. pears D. potatoes
( ) 10. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
六、阅读理解。
A
Mr. Gao lives in a town. When he was twenty-five, his son was born. He calls him Gao Ling. The little boy is clever. He and his wife love him very much. It‘s September 1st today. A new school year begins. Gao Ling is happy and wears his most bea utiful clothes. He‘s going to school with his new bag. ―Let me take you to school, dear.‖ said Mrs. G ao. ―Thank you, Mummy,‖ said the boy. ―The school is not far from here. I can go there myself.‖
At school a teacher met the little boy and asked, ―What‘s your name, my little friend?‖ ―G ao Ling, sir.‖answered the boy. ―How old are you?‖―Six, sir.‖―What‘s your father‘s name?‖―Gao Daling, sir.‖―How old is he?‖―He is six, too, sir.‖―Oh,‖ the teacher said in surprise. ―Is he as old as you?‖
―Yes, sir,‖ said the boy. ―He became a father only on the day when I was born.‖
( ) 1. Mr. Gao is _____now.
A. six
B. twenty-five
C. thirty one
D. thirty-five
( ) 2. Mr. and Mrs. Gao love their son because_____.
A. the boy is clever
B. he likes to go to school
C. he can go to school himself
D. he can answer their question
( ) 3. Gao Ling didn‘t let his mother take him to school because_____.
A. she was too busy
B. his friends could took him
C. the policeman could help him
D. the school is near and he could take care of himself
( ) 4. Gao Ling went to school_____.
A. by car
B. on foot
C. by train
D. by bike
( ) 5. Gao Ling thought_____.
A. his father and he were born on the same day
B. his father was younger than him
C. his father forgot to tell him about his age
D. Gao Daling became a father only for six years
B
The car was invented (发明) just a century ago. You may know all kinds of cars‘ names, but many people don‘t know who was the inventor of the first car. The first car was invented not by a German, but by an American. His name was Henry Ford. Henry was born in a poor family. He was the eldest of six children. When he was a boy, he became interested in mending watches and machines. When he was twelve years old, his mother died. Soon he had to work in a machine shop for two dollars and fifty cents a week. In the evenings he repaired watches for another dollar a week. The hard life made him strong and able.
At that time there was another interest in the life of the young ford. He dreamed(梦想) to make a machine. It could run without a horse, so named ―horseless carriage.‖ He over-came(克服) a lot of difficulties and in April 1893, the ―horseless carriage‖ was fin ally finished. It was the first car.
Later Henry Ford founded the Ford Motor Company(福特汽车公司). He was really the first inventor of the car in the world.
( ) 6. Who really invented the car first? _____.
A. A German
B. An American
C. Frenchman
D. Japanese
( ) 7. From this story we can know the car was invented_____.
A. more than 100 years ago
B. less than 100 years ago
C. just 100 years ago
D. 50 years ago
( ) 8. Henry Ford must have_____.
A. five brothers and sisters
B. six brothers and sisters
C. five younger brothers
D. three brothers
( ) 9. How many dollars did young Ford earn(挣) every week? _____.
A. 2.5 dollars
B. 3.5 dollars
C. 3 dollars
D. 4 dollars
( ) 10. Which is not true? _____.
A. He repaired watches in the evenings for fun
B. He enjoyed repairing watches and machines when he was very young.
C. He met with a lot of difficulties in the invention.
D. The first car was invented in 1893.
七、根据汉语完成英语句子。
1.我发现学好英语不容易。
I ______________________to learn English well.
2.我头疼, 心烦意乱, 我不知道该怎么办。
I‘ve got a___________,I‘m very___________ and I don‘t know________________.
3.从图书馆借书必须按时归还。
When you __________books___________ the library, you must_____________ on time.
4.他和他的同班同学相处的很好
He is___________________________ his classmates.
5.看上去他们完全能自己做好它。
_____________________that they can do it__________________.
八、书面表达。
请你写一篇短文，谈谈你本学期的计划或打算，词数要求在80个左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
【单元目标】
2．目标句型：
1. What were you doing when...?
2. I was doing sth. when...
3. How about... / What about...?
4. What happened next?
5. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I did...
3．语法
1. 过去进行时
2. 情态动词的用法Ⅱ
【重难点分析】
一. 过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。
They were waiting for you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。
过去进行时的构成：
肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing
否定形式：主语+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-ing
疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing。
基本用法：
1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句，如：
What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？
I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前，当时她在一家无线电商店工作。
I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。
2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：
When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.
3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：
I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
4. when作并列连词，表示―（这时）突然‖之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：
I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。
We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。
二. 情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅱ
4、情态动词表示“应该”、“必须”（shall, should, may, might, must, ought to）
（1）shall 和should 用于表示“必须”：
①. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定) 每一个会员必须配带名卡。
②. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该) 我应该尽快给他回信。
③. You shouldn't judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn't ―不应该‖含有劝告的意思)
你不应该总是以貌取人。
④. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等，表示义务和规定)
新规则于一月一日起生效。
（2）may 和might 用于表示“应该"(多用于法律等条文，一般上多用shall):
①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定) 应以支票付款。
②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示应该)
你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。
（3）must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”：
①. You must keep the place clean. (务必) 你务必保持地方干净。
②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务) 我们必须服从命令。
③. Must I pay now? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时，需用needn't 或don't have to)
我现在就得付款吗？
5、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算”
(will, would, shall, should)
（1）will 和would 用于表示某种意图：
①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称) 我会尽快打电话给你。
②. Will you accept this invitation? (用would 则表示更客气) 你愿意接受这邀请吗？
③. Who will do the job? (用于条件句，可用于各种人称) 谁愿意做这事？
④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿) 我们不愿呆在这里太久。
（2）shall 和should 用于表示说话人的意图：
①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用will not)
如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。
②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称) 我不打算和你一同走。
6、情态动词表示“意愿”
（will, would, shall, should）
（1）will 和would ：
①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿) 如果你问她，她会做的。
②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用would 比will 客气) 你想再来一杯茶吗？
③. Will you have some cookies? (will用于疑问句，表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗？
④. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于条件句，用于第二、三人称) 如果他愿意，他会做的。
⑤. Would you excuse me? (would 表示婉转语气) 你能原谅我吗？
（2）shall 和should ：
①. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示说话人的意愿)他会拿到他的津贴的。
②. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你乐意，坐多久能行。
③. Shall you go to school with me? (疑问句中，表示问对方的意愿)
你愿意和我一起到学校去吗？
三. 重点词汇
1．cut v．切；剪；割
cut (one‘s)hair理发
Be careful．Don't cut yourself．小心，别切到自己。
2．alien n．外星人
Nobody knows whether there are aliens or not．没人知道到底有没有外星人。
An alien got out of the UFO. 一个外星人从不明飞行物里出来。
3．land v．登岸；登陆；降落
The plane will land in ten minutes．飞机将在十分钟后降落。
A UFO landed in the middle of the field.. 一个不明飞行物降落在田野中间。
4．while conj．当……的时候；在……之时
While I danced, she sang．我跳舞，她唱歌。
While he was singing, I was playing baseball. 他当时在唱歌，而我在打棒球。
5．right adv．正好；恰好
The accident happened right over there．事故正好发生在那里。
He lives right in the center of the city. 他恰好住在市中心。
6．surprised adj．惊奇的；吃惊的
I was surprised that he was late for the party．我很惊讶他聚会居然迟到了。
She was surprised that I didn‘t know abo ut that. 她很吃惊我竟不知那件事。
7．kid v．欺骗；哄骗
I'm not kidding you．我没有骗你。
You‘re kidding = No kidding.别开玩笑了。
8．anywhere adv．到处；无论哪里（用于否定句和一般疑问句中）
Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方?
They didn‘t go anywhere the day before yesterday. 他们前日天哪里也没去
9．happen v．发生
A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday．昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。
What happened to him on that day? 那天他怎么了？（发生了什么事？）
sth. happen to +名词发生于……身上
She hoped nothing bad would happen to him．她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。
10．get out of 从……出去
She tried to get out of helping her mother．她尽量逃避帮助她的妈妈。
Tom got out of the lift and walked to the station. 汤姆走出电梯然后往车站走去。
11．run away 跑开；迅速离开；逃走
The thief ran away when someone noticed him．当有人注意到他的时候，那个贼立刻逃走了。
12．at the doctor's 在诊所；在医院
I'm thinking of going to the tailor's．在表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时，经常用名词所有格的形式。Mr. Cool‘s = Mr. Cool‘s clothes store at Jason‘s = at Jason‘s store
She is staying at Mary's．她住在玛莉家。
I want to go to the tailor‘s.我想到裁缝店去一趟。
13. see sb. Do sth. 看见某人做(过)某事
she saw the alien get out. 她看见外星人出来.
四．词语辨析
1、in front of 与in(at) the front of
in the front of 在……的前面（表示―有距离的前面‖，在一个参照物的前面）
e.g.: There is a car in front of the house. 房子前日面有一辆车
in(at) the front of 在……的前头，前排（列）（在一个范围内的前面部位）
eg. She sat in the front of the bus. 她坐在公交车的前排
2、get out of 与get into 是反义词
get into走进，进入
eg. He get out of the car and get into the building.
3、be amazing与be amazed
be amazing 令人惊奇的（修饰事物的，指某事令人惊奇，比surprising更具意外性
e.g.:She has an amazing talent for music.她在音乐方面有惊人的才华。
Isn‘t that amazing .那不很令人意外吗？
be amazed (at sth./to do …/that 从句)（某人）对…(因…而)大感惊讶(指人作主语)
eg. We were amazed at the news.=We were amazed to hear the news.
我们对这个消息感到非常惊讶.
4、be surprising与be surprised
be surprising令人惊奇的（用法与be amazing一样，也是修饰事物的）
e.g.:a surprising ending 一个令人惊奇的结局
be surprised (at sth./to do…/that从句) （某人）对…(因…而)感到惊奇，用法与be surprised
一样，也是人作主语。
eg. They were surprising that he was badly hurt in the audient. 他们很吃惊他在那次事故中伤得很重。
5、in a tree与on a tree
2013年最新人教版初二英语上册 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 一、重点短语 go on vacation去度假stay at home待在家里go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多study for为……而学习go out出去 most of the time大部分时间taste good尝起来很好吃have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然feel like给……的感觉；感受到go shopping去购物 in the past在过去walk around四处走走because of因为 one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明go on继续something important重要的事 up and down上上下下come up出来take photos照相 二、句型集萃 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来…… seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来……keep doing sth.继续做某事 arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点到达某地tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力去做某事decide to do sth.决定去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事want to do sth.想去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？so+adj.+that 如此……以至于…… look+adj. 看起来……start doing sth.开始做某事
大学英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给 我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
小学英语语法要点及习题（名词复数规则） 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如： knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数： man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
小练习： 写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
八下英语语法集锦练习题 1. If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time. A. will go B. went C. go D. going 2. I ____ her the answer if she ____me. A. can tell, will ask B. will tell, will ask C. would tell, ask D. will tell, asks 3. – What are you going to do tomorrow? --We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___. A. isn’t rain B. rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain 4.—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow? --Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____ back, I’ll tell you. A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 5. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday. A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came 6.May I stop my car here? No, you_＿＿＿. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to 7. Must we clean the house now? No, you _______. A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can't 8. Linda ate nothing this morning, ___? A. didn’t she B. was she C. did she D. wasn’t she 9. There’s hardly___ milk in the bottle, _____there? A. no, isn’t B. some, is C. little, isn’t D. any, is 10. He has never ridden a horse before, ___? A. does he B. has he C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t he 11. He can’t be her father, _____ he? A. is B. isn’t C. can D. can’t 12. They have no time to visit the museum, _____? A. do they B. haven’t they C. don’t they D. will they II. 将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1. “I never eat meat.”he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 3. “You must come here before five.”he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” 5.The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. III. 时态练习题。 1. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday. A. go…go B. am going… go C. go…am going D. am going…am going 2. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ? A. have…do B. have…don't C. are having…are D. are having… aren't 3. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes, they ______. A. Did they have... did B. Did they have... had C. Had they... had D. Had they (i) 4. This time yesterday Jack _____ his, bike. He _____ TV. A. repaired… didn't watch B. was repairing… watched C. repaired… watch ed D. was repairing… wasn't watching 5. I _______ fifteen years next year. A. am B. have been C. will be D. was 6. _____you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we _____ it two hours ago. A. Did…copy…did B. Have… copied…have C. Have… copied… did D. Did …copy…had 7. _____ you ______ the film before ? Where ____ you _____ it ? A. Have… seen… did… see B. Did…see…die…watch C. Have…seen… have… seen D. Did…see…have…seen
Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater? 1. comfortable adj. 舒适的，舒服的，安逸的 比较级：more comfortable 最高级：the most comfortable 副词：comfortab ly 2. seat n. 座位take a seat = have a seat 坐下 v. 作及物动词用，be seated 就座seat oneself 坐 e.g. (1) He seated himself comfortably on his chair. (2) They are seated there. 3. sound n. 声音，指自然界的一切声音（sound/ voice/ noise） v. 作为连系动词，sound + 形容词，听起来…… voice 人的“嗓音”。 noise 不悦耳的噪音 4. close adj. 接近的，亲密的v. 关闭 be close to…离…近be far from…离…远 closed adj. 关着的反义词：open 5. ticket n. 票，券 a ticket to/ for sth. 一张…的票 相似地：a key to the door 门的钥匙；the way to…去某地的路6. waiting time 等候时间动词的-ing形式作定语，修饰名词，表示被修饰词 的某种用途。 类似地：read-ing + room= reading room 阅览室 阅读房间 swim-ming + pool= swimming pool 游泳池 游泳水池 wait 不及物动词wait for sb. 等待某人 can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 7. choose v. 选择，挑选过去式：chose choose (not) to do sth.决定（不）做某事 choice n. 选择make a choice做选择 have no choice but to do sth.除了做…外别无他法8. carefully adv. 细致地，小心地 care n. 小心v. 在乎，关心 careful adj. 小心的，认真的反义词：careless 粗心的，马虎的 carelessly adv. 疏乎地 9. so far 到目前为止。本意可以理解为用so加强far的意思，表示“如此远”。
专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very imp ortant. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English well. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important.
小学英语语法总结及练习 一、名词复数规则 1. 一般情况下，直接力口 -s ,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，力口 -es ，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3. 以 辅音字母 y"结尾，变 y 为 i,再力口-es ，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4 .以"或 fe "结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es ,如：knife-knives , leaf ----------- leaves 5. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woma n-wome n, policema n-policeme n, policewoma n-policewome n, child-children , foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, people-people, Chin ese-Chi nese, Japa nese-Japa nese 写出下列各词的复数 二、一般现在时 一般现在时基本用法介绍： 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如： The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3. 表示客观现实。如： The earth goes around the sun 地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成： 1. be 动词：主语+ be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。 女口： Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 【No. 2】一般现在时的变化 1. be 动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be not +其它。 女口： He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 女口： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 非凡疑问句：疑问词+—般疑问句。如： Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ don 't( does n't)+ 动词原形(其它)。如：I don't like bread. man _____ woman ______ her _____ diary ______ dress ________ strawberry _____ bus ______
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? conversation: R: Hi, Helen. Long time no see. H: Hi, Rick. Yes, I was on vacation last month. R: Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? H: Yes, I went to Guizhou with my family. R: Wow! Did you see Huangguoshu Waterfall? H: Yes, I did. It was wonderful! We took quite a few photos there. What about you? Did you do anything special last month? R: Not really. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. passage: I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. My sister and l tried paragliding. I felt like l was a bird. It was so exciting. For lunch, we had something very special----- Malaysian yellow noodles. They were delicious. In the afternoon, we rode bicycles to Georgetown. There are a lot of new buildings now, but many of the old buildings are still there. In weld quay, a really old place in Georgetown, we saw the houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago. I wonder what life was like here in the past. I really enjoyed walking around the town. What a difference a day makes! My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today. We wanted to walk up to the top, but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. When we got to the top, it was raining really hard. We didn't have an umbrella so we were wet and cold. It was terrible! And because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anything below. My father didn't bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. The food tasted great because I was so hungry! Unit 2 How often do you exercise? conversation: A: Hi, Claire, are you free next week? B: Hmm… next week is quite full for me, Jack. A: Really? How come? B: I have dance and piano lessons. A: What kind of dance are you learning? B: Oh, swing dance. It’s fun! I have class once a week, every Monday. A: How often do you have piano lessons? B: Twice a week, on Wednesday and Friday. A: Well, how about Tuesday? B: Oh, I have to play tennis with my friends. But do you want to come? A: Sure.
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job?
八年级英语语法专项练习(人教版英语八年级)( ) 1. _____ does a car cost in China? It costs about 250,000 yuan. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How old ( ) 2. Pass me the glasses, Tony, I can_____ watch TV. A. hardly B. really C. rather D. clearly ( ) 3. Tom is ______ careful, hardly makes mistakes. A. usually B. never C. always D. sometimes ( ) 4. This is the key _____ the door, don“t lost it! A. to B. of C. with D. about ( ) 5. _____ they are brot hers, they don“t look like each other. A. Because B. though C. When D. As A. by a bus B. on foot C. by foot D. on bus ( ) 7. It“s ______ weather _____ a walk. A. /…in B. a…for C. a…of D. /…for ( ) 8. He can“t see ______ sun, as he is blind. A. a B. an C. the D. / A. some times B. sometimes C. some time D. sometime ( ) 10. Look, there are some apples ______ the trees. A. on B. in C. of D. at ( ) 11. The little child knows _____ English, but he can say _____ some words.A. many…some B. much…a few C. a little…few D. little…a few
初中英语语法综合练习题 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．answer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing
8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought 14、I don't know . A．where does he live B．what is he doing C．where he lives D．what he is dring it
一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long _________ ______wide _______ _______ thin _________ _______ heavy ________ ______ slow _______ _______few___________ _______ short ________ ______ badly ______ _______far __________ _______ quickly ______ ______happy ______ _______careful ______ _______ 二、用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. She will be much ______ (happy) in her new class. 2. The short one is _______ (useful) of the five. 3. His sister is two years _______ (young) than him. 4. This ruler is twice as ______ (long) as that. 5. The _____ (cheap) bags are usually the best ones. 6. Gold(黄金) is much ______ (expensive)than iron(铁). 7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Jack sings _____ (well), he sings ______(well) than Tom, but Mary sings______(well) in her class. 9. Of the three girls, I find Lucy is _______ (clever). 10. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is _____ (young) child. 三、选择填空： 1.It is _____ today than yesterday. A. hot B. more hot C. hotter D. much hot 2. This line is ____ than that one. A. not longer B. more longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 3. Of the five toys, the child chose_____. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive one 4. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk? A. the best B. better C. the better D. best 5. They bet to see who could run _____ in the sports meeting. A. the fastest B. the faster C. fastest D. faster 6. This book is ____ of all.
[语法总结英语语法总结与练习题 询问姓名、年龄。 1, ----What’s your name? ----你叫什么名字？ ----My name is ________. ----我叫……。 2, ----How old are you? ----你几岁了？ ----I’m 12. ----我十二岁。 II 询问颜色。 1, ----What colour is it? ----它是什么颜色的？ ----It’s yellow and white. ----黄白相间。 2, ----What colour are they? ----它们是什么颜色的？ ----They’re green. ----绿色的。 III询问数量或价钱。 1, ----How many kites can you see? ----你可以看见几只风筝？ ----I can see 12. ----我可以看见十二只风筝。 2, ----How many crayons do you have? ----你有多少支彩笔？ ----I have 16. ----我有十六支。 3, ----How many people are there in your family? ----你家有几口人？----Three. ----三口人。 4, ----How much is this dress? ----这条连衣裙多少钱？ ----It’s ninety-nine yuan. ----九十九元。 5, ----How much are these apples? ----这些苹果多少钱？ ----They’re thirty-five yuan. ----三十五元。 IV询问时间或日期。 1, ----What time is it now? ----现在几点钟？
人教版八年级英语上学期语法专项辅导与训练 语法专项I I. 名词：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。 一. 名词的种类：名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词。 1. 专有名词：专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名词，它的第一个字母必须大写，专有名词前一般不加冠词。 A. 表示人名：Li Bai，Mr Black，Doctor Zhang B. 表示地名：China，London，Zhong Guan Cun Street. C. 由普通名词构成的专有名词：the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum. 2. 普通名词：普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名标，它可以进一步分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。 A. 个体名词：表示某类人或事物中的个体：student，teacher，car. B. 集合名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体；family，police，people. C. 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念：music，love D. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或实物：water，tea，air 二. 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词，表示一个用单数，两个以上用复数，可数名词单数前面一般要用不定冠词a / an，可数名词复数是在单数名词后面加“s”或“es”。可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a / an。 1. 单数可数名词，表示“一”的概念，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 eg：a book，a tree，a shark an octopus，an apple，an egg 2. 复数可数名词：在英语中，如果要表示“二、三、四，……”概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 A. 名词复数的规则变化。 a. 在一般情况下，词尾后加-s。 books，cups，beds，boys，horses b. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，词尾加-es，读|iz| buses，boxes，dishes，watches c. 以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读|vz| half—halves，knife—knives d. 以o结尾的词，词尾加-es或-s。 zoos，photos，radios，tomatoes，potatoes e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es。 cities，families，babies B. 名词复数的不规则变化。 man—men，tooth—teeth，child—children，sheep—sheep C. 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes，trousers，pants，glasses
最新（2013秋）人教版八年级上册英语知识点及单词 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? go on vacation去度假stay at home待在家里go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多study for为……而学习go out出去most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃have a good time玩得高兴of course当然feel like给……的感觉；感受到go shopping去购物in the past在过去walk around四处走走because of因为 one bowl of…一碗……the next day第二天drink tea喝茶find out找出；查明go on继续 take photos照相something important重要的事up and down上上下下come up出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来……look+adj. 看起来…… nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有 seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事 Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？ so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于…… tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 Unit2 How often do you exercise? help with housework帮助做家务on weekends在周末how often多久一次hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次twice a month每月两次every day每天be free有空 go to the movies去看电影use the Internet用互联网swing dance摇摆舞play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚at least至少have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动be good for对……有好处go camping去野营not…at all一点儿也不……in one’s free time在某人的业余时间the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如；诸如old habits die hard积习难改go to the dentist去看牙医 morn than多于；超过less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？ want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？……有多少……? 主语+find+that从句. ……发现……spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？ the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.