管理信息系统中英文翻译资料

外文资料：Information management systemWiliam K.Thomson U.S.AAbstract:An information storage, searching and retrieval system for large (gigabytes) domains of archived textual dam. The system includes multiple query generation processes, a search process, and a presentation of search results that is sorted by category or type and that may be customized based on the professional discipline(or analogous personal characteristic of the user), thereby reducing the amount of time and cost required to retrieve relevant results.Keyword:Information management Retrieval system Object-Oriented1.INTRUDUCTIONThis invention relates to an information storage, searching and retrieval system that incorporates a novel organization for presentation of search results from large (gigabytes) domains of archived textual data.2.BACKGROUDN OF THE INVENTIONOn-line information retrieval systems are utilized for searching and retrieving many kinds of information. Most systems used today work in essentially the same manner; that is, users log on (through a computer terminal or personal microcomputer, and typically from a remote location), select a source of information (i.e., a particular database) which is usually something less than the complete domain, formulate a query, launch the search, and then review the search results displayed on the terminal or microcomputer, typically with documents (or summaries of documents) displayed in reverse chronological order. This process must be repeated each time another source (database) or group of sources is selected (which is frequently necessary in order to insure all relevant documents have been found).Additionally, this process places on the user the burden of organizing and assimilating the multiple results generated from the launch of the same query in each of the multiple sources (databases) that the user needs(or wants) to search. Present systems that allow searching of large domains require persons seeking information in these domains to attempt to modify their queries to reduce the search results to a size that the user can assimilate by browsing through them (thus, potentially eliminating relevant results).In many cases end users have been forced to use an intermediary (i.e., a professional searcher) because the current collections of sources are both complex and extensive, and effective search strategies often vary significantly from one source to another. Even with such guidance, potential relevant answers are missed because all potentially relevant databases or information sources are not searched on every query. Much effort has been expended on refining and improving source selection by grouping sources or database files together. Significant effort has also been expended on query formulation through the use of knowledge bases and natural language processing. However, as the groupings of sources become larger, and the responses to more comprehensive search queries become more complete, the person seeking information is often faced with the daunting task of sifting through large unorganized answer sets in an attempt to find the most relevant documents or information.3.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention provides an information storage, searching and retrieval system for a large domain of archived data of various types, in which the results of a search are organized into discrete types of documents and groups of document types so that users may easily identify relevant information more efficiently and more conveniently than systems currently in use. The system of the invention includes means for storing a large domain of data contained in multiple source records, at least some of the source records being comprised of individual documents of multiple document types; means for searching substantially all of the domain with a single search query to identify documents responsive to the query; and means for categorizing documents responsive to the query based on document type, including means for generating a summary of the number of documents responsive to the query which fall within various predetermined categories of document types.The query generation process may contain a knowledge base including a thesaurus that has predetermined and embedded complex search queries, or use natural language processing, or fuzzy logic, or tree structures, or hierarchical relationship or a set of commands that allow persons seeking information to formulate their queries.The search process can utilize any index and search engine techniques including Boolean, vector, and probabilistic as long as a substantial portion of the entire domain of archived textual data is searched for each query and all documents found are returned to the organizing process.The sorting/categorization process prepares the search results for presentation by assembling the various document types retrieved by the search engine and then arranging these basic document types into sometimes broader categories that are readily understood by and relevant to the user.The search results are then presented to the user and arranged by category along with an indication as to the number of relevant documents found in each category. The user may then examine search results in multiple formats, allowing the user to view as much of the document as the user deems necessary.4.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information retrieval system of the invention;FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a query formulation and search process utilizedin the invention;FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a sorting process for organizing and presentingsearch results.5.BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTIONAs is illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1 , the information retrieval system of the invention includes an input/output process ,a query generation process, a search process that involves a large domain of textual data (typically in the multiple gigabyte range), an organizing process, presentation of the information to the user, and a process to identify and characterize the types of documents contained in the large domain of data.Turning now to FIG. 2, the query generation process preferably includes a knowledge base containing a thesaurus and a note pad, and preferably utilizes embedded predefined complex Boolean strategies. Such a system allows the user to enter their description of the information needed using simple words/phrases made up of "natural" language and to rely on the system to assist in generating the full search query, which would include, e.g., synonyms and alternate phraseology. The user can then request, by a command such as "VI CO 1", to view the completedocument selected from the list, giving, in this case, complete information about the identity and credentials of the expert.FIG. 3 illustrates how five typical sources of information (i.e., source records) can be sorted into many document types and then subsequently into categories. For example, a typical trade magazine may contain several types of information such as editorials, regular columns, feature articles, news, product announcements, and a calendar of events. Thus, the trade magazine (i.e., the source record) may be sorted into these various document types, and these document types in turn may be categorized or grouped into categories contained in one or more sets of categories; each document type typically will be sorted into one category within a set of categories, but the individual categories within each set will vary from one set to another. For example, one set of categories may be established for a first characteristic type of user, and a different set of categories may be established for a second characteristic type of user. When a user corresponding to type #1 executes a search, the system automatically utilizes the categories of set #1, corresponding to that particular type of user, in organizing the results of the search for review by the user. When a user from type #2 executes a search, however, the system automatically utilizes the categories of set #2 in presenting the search results to the user.The information storage, searching and retrieval system of the invention resolves the common difficulties in typical on-line information retrieval systems that operate on large (e.g., 2 gigabytes or more) domains of textual data, query generation, source selection, and organizing search results. The information base with the thesaurus and embedded search strategies allows users to generate expert search queries in their own "natural" language. Source (i.e., database) selection is not an issue because the search engines are capable of searching substantially the entire domain on every query. Moreover, the unique presentation of search results by category set substantially reduces the time and cost of performing repetitive searches in multiple databases and therefore of efficiently retrieving relevant search results.While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described, it should be understood that various changes, adaptations and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.中文译文：信息管理系统Wiliam K.Thomson U.S.A摘要：一个信息存储，查询和检索系统主要应用于大(千兆字节)的需要存档的文字领域。

信息管理与信息系统专业英语Information Management and Information Systems is a field that focuses on the use of technology and systems to manage and organize information. This includes the design, implementation, and management of information systems, databases, and other information resources. Students in this major learn about a variety of subjects including information technology, computer science, management, and organizational behavior. They also develop skillsin areas such as data analysis, programming, and project management. Graduates from this program can pursue careers as database administrators, IT consultants, systems analysts, and information managers in a variety of industries such as healthcare, finance, and government. This field is constantly evolving with the development of new technologies, making it an exciting and dynamic area of study.中文翻译:信息管理与信息系统是一个专注于利用技术和系统来管理和组织信息的领域。

中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Management Information SystemIt is the MIS(Management Information System ) that we constantly say that the management information system , and is living to emphasize the administration , and emphasizes that it changes into more and more significantly and more and more is universalized in the contemporary community of message . MIS is a fresh branch of learning, and it leaped over several territories, and for instance administers scientific knowledge, system science, operational research, statistic along with calculating machine scientific knowledge. Is living on these the branches of learning base, and takes shape that the message is gathered and the process means, thereby take shape the system that the crossbar mingles.1. The Management Information System Summary20 centuries, in the wake of the flourishing development of whole world economy, numerous economists propose the fresh administration theory one by one. Xi Men propose the administration and was dependent on idea to message and decision of strategic importance in the 50’s 20 centuries. The dimension of simultaneous stage is admitted issuing cybernetics, and he thinks that the administration is a control procedure. In 1958, Ger. write the lid: “the administrationshall obtain without delay with the lower cost and exact message, completes the better control “. This particular period, the calculating machine starts being used accountancy work. The data handling term has risen.In 1970, Walter T.Kennevan give administration that has raised the only a short while ago information system term to get off a definition: “ either the cover of the book shape with the discount, is living appropriately time to director, staff member along with the outside world personnel staff supplies the past and now and message that internal forecasting the approaching relevant business reaches such environment, in order to assist they make a strategic decision”. Is living in this definition to emphasize, yet does not emphasize using the pattern, and mention the calculating machine application in the way of the message support decision of strategic importance.In 1985, admonishing information system originator, title Buddhist nun Su Da university administration professor Gordon B.Davis give the management information system relatively integrated definition, in immediate future “ administer the information system is one use calculating machine software and hardware resources along with data bank man - the engine system.It be able to supply message support business either organization operation, administration or the decision making function. Comprehensive directions of this definition management information system target and meritorious service capacity and component, but also make known the management information system to be living the level that attains at that time.1.1The Developing History of MISThe management information system is living the most primarily phase is counting the system, the substance which researched is the regular pattern on face between the incremental data, it what may separate into the data being mutually related and more not being mutually related series, afterwards act as the data conversion to message.The second stage is the data are replaced the system, and it is that the SABRE that the American airline company put up to in the 50’s 20 centuries subscribes to book the bank note system that such type stands for. It possess 1008 bank note booking spots, and may access 600000 traveler keep the minutes and 27000 flight segments record. Its operation is comparatively more complex, and is living whatever one “spot ”wholly to check whether to be the free place up some one flight numbers. Yet through approximately attending school up to say, it is only a data andreplaces the system, for instance it can not let know you with the bank note the selling velocity now when the bank note shall be sell through, thereby takes remedying the step. As a result it also is administer information system rudimentary phase.The third phase is the status reports system, and it may separate into manufacture state speech and service state and make known and research the systems such as status reports and so on. Its type stands for the production control system that is the IBM corporation to the for instance manufacture state speech system. As is known to all, the calculating machine corporation that the IBM corporation is the largest on the world, in 1964 it given birth to middle-sized calculating machine IBM360 and causes the calculating machine level lift a step, yet form that the manufacture administration work. Yet enormously complicatedly dissolve moreover, the calculating machine overtakes 15000 difference components once more, in addition the plant of IBM extends all over the American various places to every one components once more like works an element, and the order of difference possess difference components and the difference element, and have to point out that what element what plant what installation gives birth to, hence not merely giving birth to complexly, fitting, installation and transportation wholly fully complex. Have to there be a manufacture status reports system that takes the calculating machine in order to guarantee being underway successfully of manufacture along with else segment as the base. Hence the same ages IBM establish the systematic AAS of well-developed administration it be able to carry on 450 professional work operations. In 1968, the corporation establishes the communal once more and manufactures informationsystem CMIS and runs and succeeds very much, the past needs 15 weeks work, that system merely may be completed in the way of 3 weeks.It is the data handling system that the status reports system still possess one kind of shape , and that it is used for handles the everyday professional work to make known with manufacture , and stress rests with by the handwork task automation , and lifts the effectiveness with saves the labor power . The data handling system ordinarily can not supply decision of strategic importance message.Last phase is the support systems make a strategic decision, and it is the information system being used for supplementary making a strategic decision. That system may program and the analysis scheme, and goes over key and the error solve a problem. Its proper better person-machine dialogue means, may with notparticularly the personnel staff who have an intimate knowledge of the calculating machine hold conversation. It ordinarily consists of some pattern so as to come into being decision of strategic importance message, yet emphasize comprehensive administration meritorious service capacity.1.2 The Application of Management Information SystemThe management information system is used to the most base work, like dump report form, calculation pay and occurrences in human tubes and so on, and then developing up business financial affairs administrations and inventory control and so on individual event operational control , this pertains to the electron data handling ( EDP Data Processing ) system . When establish the business data bank, thereby possess the calculating machine electric network to attain data sharing queen , the slave system concept is start off , when the implementation the situation as a whole is made program and the design information system ,attained the administration information system phase . In the wake of calculating machine technique progress and the demand adjust the system of people lift further, people emphasize more furthermore administer the information system phase. Progress and people in the wake of the calculating machine technique lift at the demand adjust the system further, people emphasize more furthermore to administer the information system whether back business higher level to lead makes a strategic decision this meritorious service capacity, still more lay special emphasis on the gathering to the external message of business and integrated data storehouse, model library , means storehouse and else artificial intelligence means whether directly to decision of strategic importance person , this is the support system ( DDS ) mission making a strategic decision.There is the part application that few business start MIS inner place the limit of the world at the early days of being living in the 70’s 20 centuries. Up at the moment, MIS is living, and there be the appropriatePopularization rate in every state nation in world, and nearly covered that every profession reaches every department.1.3 The Direction of MIS DevelopmentClose 20 curtains; external grand duke takes charge of having arisen3 kinds of alternations:A. Paying special attention to the administration being emphasized toestablishing MIS’s system, and causing the administration technique headfor the ageing.B. The message is the decision of strategic importance foundation, and MISsupplies the message service in the interest of director at all times.C. Director causes such management program getting in touch with togetherwith the concrete professional work maneuver by means of MIS. notmerely big-and-middle-sized business universally establish MIS somesmall-size business also not exceptions of self, universally establish thecommunal data network, like the electronic mail and electron dataexchange and so on, MIS supplied the well support environment to theapplication of Intranet’s technique to speedily developing of INTERNETespecially in the past few years in the interest of the business.Through international technique development tendency is see, in the 90’s 20 centuries had arisen some kinds of brand-new administration technique.（1）Business Processes Rebuild (BPR)A business should value correctly time and produce quality, manufacturing cost and technical service and so on several section administrations, grip at the moment organization and the process compose once more,andcompletes that meritorious service capacity integrationist, operation processization and organization form fluctuation. Shall act as the service veer of middle layer management personnel staff the decision of strategic importance of the director service?（2）Intelligentization Decision Support System (IDSS)The intelligentization decision of strategic importance support system was sufficiently consider demand and the work distinguishing feature of business higher level personnel staff.（3）Lean Production (LP)Application give birth to on time, comprehensive quality control and parallel project that picked amount is given birth to and so on the technique, the utmost product design cutting down and production cycle, raise produce quality and cuts down the reproduced goods to reserve, and is living in the manufacture promote corps essence, in order to meet the demand that client continuously changes.（4）Agile Manufacture (AM)One kind of business administration pattern that possess the vision, such distinguishing feature is workers and staff members’ quality is high, and the organization simplifies and the multi-purpose group effectiveness GAO message loading is agile and answers client requires swiftly.2. The Effect To The Business Administration of MIS DevelopmentThe effect to the business administration of the management information system development is administered the change to business and business administration of information system development and come into being and is coming into being the far-reaching effect with.Decision of strategic importance, particularly strategic decision-making may be assisted by the administration information system, and its good or bad directly affects living and the development up the business. The MIS is impeding the orientation development that the administration means one another unites through quality and ration. This express to utilize the administration in the calculation with the different mathematical model the problem in the quantitative analysis business. The past administer that the problem is difficult to test, but MIS may unite the administration necessaries, and supply the sufficient data, and simulates to produce the term in the interest of the administration.In the wake of the development of MIS, much business sit up the decentralized message concentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chief of information system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant manager’s gr ade. After the authority of business is centralized up high-quality administration personnel staff’s hand, as if causing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer management shall vanish. In reality, the reappearance phase employed layer management among the information system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increase a bit.This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate out through loaded down with trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researching work in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importance level. In the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand of high technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually. This compels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuously lifts individual’s quality. InThe wake of the news dispatch and electric network and file transmission system development, business staff member is on duty in many being living incomparably either the home. Having caused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously moves upward American Rank Zeros corporation the office system on the net, in the interest of the creativity of raiseoffice personnel staff was produced the advantageous term.At the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developed manufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely on the basis of the user requirement organization design together with manufacture, may carry on the large-scale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flow was shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinery with to the resources and the reorganization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affrication system, and causes that manufacturing cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with. Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole completely new strategy dependence relation against consumer, and is able to arouse the structure of production once more revolution.The management information system is towards the self-adoption and Self-learning orientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better. Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is encircles the magic drug to govern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too many is dependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each other to comprehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living in development and the research work, and causes the business organization and administer the better development against MIS of system and administration means, and establish more valid MIS.译文管理信息系统MIS （Management Information System），它就是我们所说的管理信息系统，它强调在生活上的应用，并且在当今信息社会普及的背景下应用得越来越广泛。

中英文对照翻译信息管理系统对于“管理信息系统”并没有一致的定义。

一些作者喜欢用其他术语代替，例如：“信息处理系统”“信息与决策系统”“组织信息系统”，或者干脆将“信息系统”用组织内具有支持操作、管理、决策职能的计算机信息处理系统代替。

这篇文章使用“管理信息系统”一词，是因为它是通俗易懂的，当涉及组织信息系统时也常用“信息系统”代替“管理信息系统”。

一个管理信息系统的定义，通常被理解为：一种集成用户机器系统，为组织提供信息支持运作、管理、决策职能。

该信息系统利用计算机硬件和软件；手工处理程序；模拟分析法计划、控制和决策；和数据库。

事实上，它是一个集成系统并不意味着它是单一的，单块集成结构；相反，它意味着零件适合加入整体设计。

内容定义如下：计算机为主的用户机器系统理论上，管理信息系统可以脱离计算机上而存在，但是计算机的存在可以让管理信息系统可行。

问题不是计算机是否被使用在管理信息系统中，而是信息的使用被计算机化的程度。

用户机器系统的概念暗示了, 一些任务最好由人执行, 其他的最好由机器做。

MIS的使用者是那些负责输入输入数据、指示系统或运用系统信息产品的人。

因为许多问题，用户和计算机建立了一个联合系统，其结果通过一套在计算机和用户之间的相互作用得到。

用户机器的相互作用是由用户连接在计算机上的输入-输出设备（通常是一个视觉显示终端）推动的。

计算机可以使一台个人机器服务于一名用户或者一台大规模的机器为一定数量通过终端由通信线路连接的用户服务。

用户输入-输出设备允许直接输入数据和紧接着输出结果。

例如：一个人使用计算机交互的在金融理财上通过在终端键盘输入提交“如果什么，怎么办？”之类的问题，结果几秒钟后便被显示在屏幕上。

MIS的计算机为主的用户机器特征影响系统开发商和系统用户的知识要求。

“计算机为主”意味着管理信息系统的设计者必须拥有计算机和对处理有用的知识。

“用户机器”的概念意味着系统设计者也应该了解人作为系统组成部分（信息处理器）的能力和人作为信息使用者的行为。

信息管理与信息系统中英文对照外文翻译文献一、引言在当今数字化和信息化的时代，信息管理与信息系统（Information Management and Information System，简称 IMIS）成为了企业和组织运营中至关重要的组成部分。

有效的信息管理能够帮助企业提高决策效率、优化业务流程、增强竞争力。

而信息系统则为信息的收集、存储、处理和传播提供了技术支持。

为了更深入地了解这一领域，我们对相关的外文文献进行了翻译和研究。

二、信息管理的概念与重要性信息管理是指对信息资源进行规划、组织、领导和控制的过程。

其目的是确保信息的准确性、完整性、及时性和可用性，以满足组织内部不同层次的需求。

在当今竞争激烈的市场环境中，信息已成为一种宝贵的资源，企业能否有效地管理和利用信息，直接关系到其生存和发展。

例如，一家制造企业通过对市场需求信息、生产过程信息和供应链信息的有效管理，可以实现精准的生产计划，降低库存成本，提高客户满意度。

同时，信息管理还能够帮助企业识别潜在的市场机会和风险，为战略决策提供有力支持。

三、信息系统的类型与功能信息系统主要包括事务处理系统（Transaction Processing System，TPS）、管理信息系统（Management Information System，MIS）、决策支持系统（Decision Support System，DSS）和企业资源规划系统（Enterprise Resource Planning，ERP）等。

事务处理系统主要用于处理日常的业务交易，如订单处理、库存管理等。

管理信息系统则提供了综合的信息报告，帮助管理人员进行监督和控制。

决策支持系统通过数据分析和模型构建，为管理层的决策提供支持。

企业资源规划系统则整合了企业的各种资源，实现了业务流程的集成和优化。

以一家跨国零售企业为例，其使用的企业资源规划系统能够实现全球范围内的库存实时监控、采购协同和财务统一管理，大大提高了运营效率和管理水平。

1. informationInformation, in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. Conceptually, information is the message (utterance or expression) being conveyed. This concept has numerous other meanings in different contexts.[1] Moreover, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, representation, and especially entropy.(信息,在其最受限制的技术意义上,是一个序列的符号,可以被解释为一个消息。

信息可以被记录为标志,或传输信号。

信息是任何类型的事件,影响一个动态系统的状态。

从概念上讲,信息是信息(话语或表达式)的表达。

这一概念具有许多其他在不同语境下的含义。

[1]此外,信息的概念密切相关的概念约束、通信、控制、数据、形式、指令、知识、意义,精神刺激,模式,感知的代表性,尤其是熵。

信息管理英语教程_中英文对照翻译(一至四篇)1.What is information?information is part of all human experience .Acquiring and processing information are fundamental aspect of life itself current interest in a “science”of information has develop as the result of the complexity of life’s problem.The rapid development of technology,the growth of knowledge,and the fast pace of the modern world create an increasing awareness of the importance of information and the need for professionals dedicate to studying and understanding it信息是人类所有经验的一部分。

获取信息并对信息进行处理是生活本身的重要方面。

目前人们对信息“科学”兴趣的增长是由于生活中的问题复杂化的结果所知。

技术的快速发展,知识的增加,现代社会的快节奏,这一切都使人们对信息的重要性以及对专门研究理论专业人员的需求认识德越来越清楚。

2. The late scholar Fritz Machlup carefully accessed the different meaning associated with information. some interpretation that have been made from these sources are as follow:Something one didn’t know beforeHow data are interpretedA clueSomething that effort what one already knowSomething useful in some way to the person receiving itSomething used in decision makingSomething that reduces uncertaintyThe meaning of word in sentencesSomething that provide more than what is statedSomething that changes what a person who receive it believes or expects晚学者弗里茨?马克卢普通过仔细分析这些相关信息的不同意义。

汉语拼音顺序中文英文全称英文简称A 安全库存safety stockB 办公室自动化office automation OAC 产品数据管理系统product data management PDM成本物料单costed BOM成组技术group technology GT粗能力计划rough－cut capacity planning RCCPD 电子数据交换electronic data interchange EDI订货生产make－to－order MTO订货组装assemble－to order ATOF 分布式控制系统distributed control system DCS分布式MRP distributed MRP（DMRP）分销资源计划distribution resource planning DRPG 供应链管理supply chain management SCM供应链合作伙伴关系supply chain partnership SCP固定批量法fixed orderquantity FOQ关键过程域key process areas KPA关键路线法critical path method CPM管理信息系统management information system MISH 呼叫中心computer telephony integration CTI计划评审技术program evaluation research technology PERT计划时界planning time fence PTF计划物料单planning BOM计算机辅助工艺设计computer－aided process planning CAPP计算机辅助软件工程computer－aided software engineering CASE计算机辅助设计computer－aided design CAD计算机辅助制造computer－aided manufacturing CAM计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system CIMS 经济订货量法economic order quantity EOQ经济订货周期economic order interval EOI决策支持系统decision support system DSS可供销售量available to promise ATP客户关系管理customer ralationship management CRM快速换模法single－minute exchange of dies SMEDM 美国生成与库存管理协会american production and inventory control society,inc, APICS 面向客户制造管理系统customer oriented manufacturing management system COMMS敏捷制造agile manufacturing模块化物料单modular BOM模拟成本simulated cost母件parent itemN 能力成熟度模型capability maturity model CMMQ 企业资源计划enterprise resource planning ERP全面质量管理total quality management TQMR 人力资源管理human resource management HRM人力资源计划human resource planning HRP柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing system FMSS 生产和决策管理信息系统production and decision information system PADIS缩排式物料清单indented BOMW 物料需求计划material requirements planning MRP物料清单bill of materials BOMX 现货生产make to stock MTS销售力量自动化sales force automation SFA需求时界demand time fence DTFY 应用服务外包application service provider ASP优化生产技术optimized production technology OPT有限能力计划finite capacity scheduling FCS约束理论theory of constraints TOCZ 在途库存transportation inventory制造物料清单manufacturing BOM制造执行系统manufacturing executive system MES周期定量法period order quantity POQ主生产计划master production planning MPS 专项生产engineer to order ETO准时制造just－in－time JIT资源清单bill of resource BOR资源需求计划resource requirements planning 子件\组件component最终装配计划final assembly schedule FAS。