下载文档原格式
APA (American Psychological Association) 第六版參考文獻範例臚列參考文獻(reference list)及文章中之文獻引用(reference citations) ，中文文獻（需加註英譯）應置於英文文獻之前。
中文文獻應依作者姓氏筆劃順序排列、英文文獻則依作者姓氏字母順序排列（若作者姓氏、字母相同時，則依序比較後列之字元）。
一、定期刊物格式：作者姓名（姓在先）（西元出版年）．標題．期刊名稱，卷（期），起訖頁數。
蔡淑鳳（2011）．護理專業發展之機會與挑戰－臺灣護理精彩一百‧護理雜誌，58（3），5-11 。
[Tsay, S. F. (2011). The opportunities and challenges of nursing professional development: Celebrating 100 years of nursing in Taiwan. The Journal of Nursing, 58(3), 5-11.]※期刊名、卷數需以斜體字體呈現，若該期刊無卷數時，則僅列期數且不需斜體。
Chu, W., & Hsu, L. L. (2011). Developing practical knowledge content of emergency nursing professionals. The Journal of Nursing Research, 19(2), 112-118. doi: 10.1097/JNR. 0b013 e31821aa0eb※期刊若有「數位物件識別碼（digital object identifier, DOI）」，則列於文獻末。
Briscoe, R. (in press). Egocentric spatial representation in action and perception. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. Retrieved from /5780/ 1/ECSRAP.F07.pdf ※付梓中的文章，因尚未正式出版，必須提供精確之網址。
apa文献参考格式
APA格式是学术写作中常用的引用和参考文献格式之一，它由美国心理学会（American Psychological Association）制定并广泛应用于社会科学领域。
在撰写学术论文或研究报告时，按照APA 格式引用文献可以帮助读者追溯你所引用的资料来源，并且在学术界有一定的规范性和标准性。
在APA格式中，文献的引用分为两种方式，文中引用和参考文献列表。
文中引用是指在论文的正文中引用其他文献的部分内容，而参考文献列表则是在论文末尾列出所有被引用过的文献的详细信息。
对于文中引用，一般遵循以下格式，（作者姓氏，年份）。
如果是直接引用他人文字，则需要在引用部分加上具体页码。
例如，“引用内容”（作者姓氏，年份，页码）。
对于参考文献列表，书写格式一般为：
书籍，作者姓氏，名字的首字母. (出版年). 书名. 出版地: 出版社。
期刊文章，作者姓氏，名字的首字母. (出版年). 文章标题. 期刊名, 卷号(期号), 页码范围。
网络资源，作者姓氏，名字的首字母. (出版年). 文章标题. 网站名. 检索日期，来自URL。
需要注意的是，不同类型的文献引用格式略有不同，需要根据具体情况进行调整。
另外，还需要注意对于同一作者多篇文献的引用，要按照年份先后顺序进行排列。
总的来说，APA格式的文献引用要求清晰、规范，有助于读者对论文中引用的资料来源进行准确的追溯，提高学术研究的可信度和可读性。
APA参考文献格式-最新版APA 参考文献格式最新版在学术研究和写作的领域中，正确引用和列出参考文献是至关重要的一环。
APA（American Psychological Association）参考文献格式作为一种广泛应用的学术引用规范，对于确保学术作品的严谨性、准确性和可信度起着关键作用。
APA 参考文献格式的基本要求包括准确记录文献的各种信息，如作者、出版年份、标题、出版物名称、卷号、页码等，并以特定的顺序和格式进行排列。
对于书籍的引用，一般需要列出作者的姓氏、名字的首字母、出版年份、书名、出版地以及出版社。
例如：Smith, J D （2023) The Secretof Success New York: ABC Publishing如果是期刊文章，格式则有所不同。
需要作者的姓氏、名字的首字母、出版年份、文章标题、期刊名称、卷号、期号以及页码。
比如：Johnson, M L （2022) ＂The Impact of Technology on Education,＂Journal of Educational Research, 125(3)， 150-165、在引用网页内容时，除了作者和出版日期外，还需要网页的标题、网址以及获取网页的日期。
假设引用的是一个在线新闻报道：Doe, J （2023, June 15) The New Trend in Fashion Retrieved from June 20, 2023、值得注意的是，作者姓名的排列顺序在 APA 格式中有明确规定。
如果作者是一位，就按照“姓氏，名字首字母”的格式；如果有两位作者，用“＆”连接；三位及以上作者时，列出第一作者，后面加上“et al”。
另外，出版年份要紧跟在作者姓名后面，用括号括起来。
书名和期刊名要用斜体，文章标题则放在双引号内。
在 APA 格式中，标点符号的使用也有严格要求。
例如，在作者姓名之间使用逗号，在作者与出版年份之间使用句号，在标题与出版信息之间使用逗号等。
apa 参考文献格式APA格式是一个为广泛接受的研究论文撰写格式，特别针对社会科学领域的研究，规范学术文献的引用和参考文献的撰写方法，以及表格、图表、注脚和附录的编排方式。
下面是小编为大家整理的apa 参考文献格式，希望对大家有帮助。
APA参考文献的格式与其他写作格式比较,虽然比较单纯但也相当复杂，以下介绍文献的排列顺序。
一、依作者姓氏字母顺序排列，如以文章篇名或书名当作者，而该篇名或书名是以数字开头时，以国字之字母顺序比较，如21st century education 是以Twenty-first century education 作为比较的基准。
二、第一位作者姓名相同时，如为同一作者，依年代先后顺序排列: 例如:Hewlett, L. S. (1996) Hewlett, L. S. (1999)三、一位作者永远排在多位作者之前例如:Razik, T. A. (1991) Razik, T. A. , & Lin, T. -Y. (1995)四、当有多位作者必须比较时，依序由第二或第三第四…作者姓氏字母例如:Gosling, J. R., Jerald, K., & Belfar, S. F. (2000) Gosling, J. Y., & Tevlin, D. F. (1996)五、相同作者且相同年代，则依 (去除A, The等冠词之后) 篇名或书名字母例如:Razik, T. A., & Lin, T. -Y. (1990a). Fundamental concepts… Razik, T. A., & Lin, T. -Y. (1990b). Human relations…六、作者姓氏相同，名字不同时，依名字字母顺序排列例如:Liu,C. -R. (1993). Liu, M. -C. (1990).七、作者为机关团体时，以机关团体全名字母作为比较的基础，当作者为机关团体的附属团体时，全名要以「主团体先，附属团体后」来呈现例如:State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Educational Organization, Administration, and Policy. (1994).八、作者署名为Anonymous，以Anonymous来比较.九、没有作者时，把(去除冠词之后的) 篇名或书名视为作者来比较.十、引用后设分析(meta-analysis)之文献时,不必以附录一一列举,但融入於参考文献中并在文献前加注* 号,且在参考文献一开始时说明加注星号者为后设分析的相关文献。
References (in APA style papers)In an APA style paper, the citation sources are listed in References on a separate page, which follows the final page of the text. Entries appear alphabetically according to the last name of the author; two or more works by the same author are listed in chronological order by the date of publication. All entries in the References page must correspond to the sources cited in the main text. The writers are supposed to observe the following rules:(1)All lines after the first line of each entry in the reference list should have one-half-inchhanging indentation from the left margin.(2)Authors’ names are inverted (last name first). If the work has more than seven authors, list thefirst six authors and then use ellipses after the sixt h author’s name. After the ellipses, list the last author’s name of the work.(3)Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.(4)If you have more than one article by the same author, single-author references ormultiple-author references with the exact same authors in the exact same order are listed in order by the year of publication, starting with the earliest.(5)All major words in journal titles are capitalized.(6)When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of thefirst word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word.(7)Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.(8)Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journalarticles or essays in edited collections.1. Single-Author BookAitchison, J. (1987). Words in the mind: An introduction to the mental lexicon. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.Bach, K. (1987). Thought and reference. Oxford: Oxford University Press.2. Book with Two or More AuthorsFodor, J., & Lepore, E. (2002). The compositionality papers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hatch, E., & Brown, C. (1995). Vocabulary, semantics, and language education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.3. An Edited VolumeCole, P. (Ed). (1981). Radical pragmatics. New York: Academic Press.4. Book without Author or Editor ListedWebster’s new collegiate dictionary. (1961). Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam.5. Secondary ResourcesSperber, D. (1994). The modularity of thought and the epistemology of representation. In L. A.Hirschfeld, & S. A. Gelman (Eds.), Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture (pp.39-67). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.6. JournalsBarsalou, L. W. (1982). Context-independent information and context-dependent information in concepts. Memory & Cognition, 10, 82-93.Hu, Y., Wood, J. F., Smith, V., & Westbrook, N. (2004). Friendships through IM: Examining the relationship between instant messaging and intimacy. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(1), 38-48.7. DissertationMarunowski, K. R. (2006). The Euro: a multimodal study in presence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.8. An Entry in an EncyclopediaBergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.9. Conference ProceedingsRichardson, J. F., & Richardson, A. W. (1990). On predicting pragmatic relations. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society, Parasession on the Legacy of Grice (pp. 498-508).Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistic Society.10. Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.11. Article in a NewspaperSchultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.12. Article From an Online PeriodicalBernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A list apart: For people who make websites, 149. Retrieved from /articles/writelivingSample ReferencesReferencesBergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A list apart: For people who makewebsites, 149. Retrieved from /articles/writelivingCarston, R.(1998). Informativeness, Relevance and Scalar Implicature. In R. Carston & S. Uchida(Eds.), Relevance theory: applications and implications(pp. 179-236). Amsterdam: JohnBenjamins.Carston, R. (2002). Thoughts and utterances: the pragmatics of explicit communication. Oxford:Blackwell.Castle, G. (2007). New millennial Joyce [Review of the books Twenty-first Joyce, Joyce’s critics:Transitions in reading and culture,and Joyce’s mes sianism: Dante, negative existence, and the messianic self]. Modern Fiction Studies, 50(1), 163-173. Available from Project MUSE Web site: /journals/modern_fiction_studies/toc/mfs52.1.htmlGreen, G. (1989). Pragmatics and natural language understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax & semantics: speech acts (vol.3) (pp. 41-58). New York: Academic Press.Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in toda y’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31. Hirschberg, J. (1985). A theory of scalar implicature. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.Horn, R. (1984). Towards a New Taxonomy for Pragmatic Inference: Q-based and R-based Implicature. In D. Schiffrin (Ed.), Meaning, form, and use in context: linguistic applications (pp. 11-42). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Horn, R. (1989). A nature history of negation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Huang, Y. (2004). Neo-Gricean Pragmatic Theory: Looking Back on the Past; Looking Ahead to the Future. Journal of Foreign Languages, 149, 2-25.Huang, Y. (2007). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Jiang, W. Q. (2000). Pragmatics: Theories and applications. Beijing: Beijing University Press. Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman.Levinson S. C.(1991). Pragmatic Reduction of the Binding Conditions Revisited. Journal of Linguistics, 27, 107-61.Levinson, S. C. (1987 a). Minimization and Conversational Inference. In J. Verschueren & M.Bertuccelli-Papi (Eds.),The pragmatic perspective(pp. 61-129). Amsterdam: JohnBenjamins.Levinson, S. C. (1987 b). Pragmatics and the Grammar of Anaphora: a Partial Pragmatic Reduction of Binding and Control Phenomena. Journal of Linguistics, 23, 379-434. Matsui, T. (1993). Bridging reference and the notions of “topic” and “focus”. Lingua, 90, 49 - 68. Matsui, T. (2000). Bridging and relevance. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Mey, J. L. (1993). Pragmatics. Oxford: Blackwell.Morgan, J. L. (1978). Two types of convention in indirect speech acts. In P. Cole (Ed.), Syntax and semantics, vol. 9 (pp. 261-280). New York: Academic Press.Neale, S. (1992). Paul Grice and the Philosophy of Language. Linguistics and Philosophy, 15, 509-559.Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times.Retrieved from Recanati, F. (1989). The pragmatics of what is said. Mind and Language, 4, 295-329. Recanati, F. (2002). Does linguistic communication rest on inference? Mind and Language, 17, 105-26.Recanati, F. (2004). Literal meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Richardson, J. F., & Richardson, A. W. (1990). On predicting pragmatic relations. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society, Parasession on the Legacy of Grice (pp. 498-508).Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistic Society.Sadock, I. (1986). Remarks on the Paper by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber. Chicago Linguistics Society, 22, 85-90.Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies.The CountryToday, pp. 1A, 2A.Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance: Communication and cognition. Oxford: Blackwell. Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1998). Relevance theory. In L. Horn & G. Ward (Eds.), Handbook of pragmatics. Oxford: Blackwell.Welker, K. (1994). Plans in the common ground: toward a generative account of conversational implicature. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University.Yuan, Y. L. (1993). On the valence of nouns in Mandarin. Linguistics, 3, 137-206.。
最新版（6版）《APA格式》导读《APA格式》⾸版于1929年出版，当时还只是⼀个只有7页长的“规范性程式，尽管实践中的例外在所难免，但遇到疑问时总算有个参考”（Bentley et al.，1929，p. 57）。
⼋⼗年后的今天，我们本着同样的精神推出《APA格式》的第六版。
随着时间的推移，各⽅⾯的需要已使得《APA格式》由起初的⼀组单纯的体例规则，发展成为今天包括学术写作各⽅⾯问题的权威性资源，从出版物的引⽤伦理到如何遣词造句以最⼤限度地消除偏见性语⾔，各⽅⾯应有尽有。
美国⼼理协会体例取⾃⼴泛的⼼理学⽂献，取⾃有丰富学术写作经验的编辑和作者，取⾃公认的有关出版实践问题的权威机构。
这⼀版《APA格式》对上⼀版进⾏了⼴泛的修订，以能反映学术出版中的新标准以及学术信息传播中的新的实践⽅式。
⾃上⼀版⼿册出版以来，学术出版所⾯对的，已由单纯的读者群发展成为“学术内容的消费者群”。
新技术也使得⽇益复杂的分析成为可能，这和它们使得这些分析结果以多种形式加速传播⼀样，从博客到个⼈⽹站发帖到在线数据库发表⽂章等等。
为了能够在这些媒体以及其他新形式对学术出版发表的影响⽅⾯为⼴⼤读者提供指导，我们对《APA格式》的内容进⾏了重新安排，并对有些内容进⾏了很⼤的浓缩。
我们的⾸要⽬标是简化读者的⼯作；我们的⽅法是在同⼀个地⽅提供全部信息。
信息是按照出版发表的过程安排的：以想法始，以出版发表终。
我们保留并强化了美国⼼理协会的写作体例和如何避免偏见性语⾔的导则。
关于后者，这是美国⼼理协会三⼗多年前才⾸次提出来的。
最重要的是，我们对伦理导则、统计导则、学刊⽂章报告标准、电⼦⽂献参考格式以及各种表格和图像的制作导则，都做了显著扩充。
此次修订的⼀项关键⼯作是对《APA格式》配套⽀持⽹站的更新和扩展，这项⼯作使得我们能提供的信息翻番式地增长。
读者可以在⽹站上找到⼤量的关于APA体例的学习资源以及更多的写作和出版发表导则，这些导则将随着标准和实践的变化⽽及时更新。
apa格式参考文献模板APA格式是一种常用的学术论文格式，它要求在论文中引用的文献必须符合其规定的格式要求。
这些规定包括文献的作者、出版年份、标题、出版社等信息的排列顺序和格式。
为了遵守这些规定，我们需要使用APA格式的参考文献模板。
下面是APA格式参考文献的一些基本要素：1. 作者的姓氏和名字的缩写。
2. 出版年份（在括号中）。
3. 文章、书籍或其他文献的标题。
4. 出版物名称，如杂志名、报纸名、书名等。
5. 出版地点和出版者（对于书籍）。
下面是APA格式参考文献的常见类型：1. 书籍（单一作者）：姓氏，名字的首字母缩写（出版年份）。
书名。
出版地点：出版者。
例子：Smith, J. D. (2010). How to write a research paper. New York: Academic Press.2. 书籍（多个作者）：姓氏，名字的首字母缩写，& 姓氏，名字的首字母缩写（出版年份）。
书名。
出版地点：出版者。
例子：Johnson, R. B., & Smith, K. L. (2008). Research methods in education. New York: Routledge.3. 期刊文章：姓氏，名字的首字母缩写（出版年份）。
文章标题。
期刊名称，卷（期），页码。
例子：Brown, J. D. (2009). The effects of sleep on memory consolidation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35(5), 1375-1383.以上就是APA格式参考文献的一些基本要素和常见类型。
在论文写作中，正确使用APA格式的参考文献模板是非常重要的。
这不仅可以提高论文的质量和可信度，还可以帮助读者更好地理解和评价你的研究成果。
APA参考文献格式-最新版APA 参考文献格式最新版在学术研究和写作的领域中，正确的参考文献格式是至关重要的。
APA（American Psychological Association）参考文献格式是社会科学领域中广泛使用的一种引用和参考文献格式。
掌握最新版的 APA 参考文献格式，能够让我们的学术作品更加规范、专业，也有助于读者更方便地查找和验证我们所引用的资料。
首先，让我们来了解一下 APA 格式中书籍的引用方式。
对于一本普通的书籍，其格式通常包括以下几个要素：作者、出版年份、书名、出版地和出版社。
例如：Smith, J （2022) The History of Science New York: ABC Publishing需要注意的是，作者的名字先写姓氏，然后是名字的首字母。
如果有多个作者，在引用时要按照第一作者的姓氏字母顺序排列，中间用逗号隔开，最后一个作者之前用“＆”连接。
比如：Johnson, M，＆ Brown, A （2021) Modern Literature Studies London: XYZ Press如果是编辑的书籍，格式则为：Edwards, L （Ed）（2020) Advances in Technology Chicago: DEF Publishers接下来是期刊文章的引用。
期刊文章的引用要素包括作者、出版年份、文章标题、期刊名、卷号、期号和页码。
例如：Doe, J （2023) ＂The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture" Journal of Environmental Studies, 50(2)， 123-145、对于报纸文章，格式稍有不同。
需要注明作者、出版年份、文章标题、报纸名、出版日期和版次。
比如：White, A （2023, May 10) ＂New Discoveries in Medicine" The Daily News, p A5、在引用电子资源时，比如网页，要提供作者（如果有）、出版年份（如果可获取）、文章标题、网页名称、网址和访问日期。
References/BibliographyAPABased on the “Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association” 6th edition.The “APA style” is an author-date style for citing and referencing information in assignments and publications. This guide is based on the American Psychological Association’s Publication Manual, 6th edition (2010). Note:Before you write your list of references, check with your lecturer or tutor for the bibliographic style preferred by the School. There may be differences in the style recommended by the School.What is referencing?Referencing is a standardised way of acknowledging the sources of information and ideas that you have used in your assignments. This allows the sources to be identified.Why reference?Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to identify and follow up works you have referred to.Steps in referencing• Record the full bibliographic details and relevant page numbers of the source from whichinformation is taken.• Note the DOI (digital object identifier), if present. When a DOI is used, do not provide theURL or date of retrieval.• Insert the citation at the appropriate place in the text of your document.• Include a reference list that includes all in-text citations at the end of your document.In-text citations• In an author-date style, in-text citations usually require the name of the author(s) and theyear of publication.• A page number is included if you have a direct quote. When you paraphrase a passage, orrefer to an idea contained in another work, providing a page number is not required, but is "encouraged", especially if you are referring to a long work and the page numbers might be useful to the reader.How to create a reference list/bibliography• A reference list includes just the books, articles, and web pages etc that are cited in the textof the document. A bibliography includes all sources consulted for background reading. •A reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. If an item has no author, it is cited bytitle, and included in the alphabetical list using the first significant word of the title.• If you have more than one item with the same author, list the items chronologically, startingwith the earliest publication.• Each reference appears on a new line.• Each item in the reference list is required to have a hanging indent. • References should not be numbered.Referencing SoftwareThe University of Queensland Library provides access to EndNote and RefWorks software, which assist in creating reference lists. An APA 6th style is provided in the Endnote X4 software.(22/11/2011)APA 6th EditionBookElements of the citationAuthor(s) of book – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of book – italicised. Place of publication: Publisher.Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote referencetypeOne author Sophisticated searching techniques areimportant in finding information (Berkman,1994)ORBerkman (1994) claimed that … Berkman, R. I. (1994). Find it fast: How to uncover expert information. New York, NY: Harper Perrenial.BookTwo authors It is futile to maintain that the sexes areinterchangeable (Moir & Jessel, 1991)ORMoir and Jessel (1991) found students…Always list the authors in the order in whichthey appear in the publication.Cite both authors for each use of reference. Moir, A., & Jessel, D. (1991). Brain sex: The real difference between men and women. London: Mandarin.BookThree to five authors (O’Keefe, Bell, & Wyne, 2009)(O’Keefe et al., 2009)O'Keefe, J. H., Bell, D. S. H., & Wyne, K.L. (2009). Diabetesessentials. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Book2O’Keefe, Bell, and Wyne argue that (2009)Cite all authors the first time the reference appears; for all subsequent uses, cite last name of first author followed by “et al.”Six or more authors Johnson et al. (2005) argue …ORIt was argued that…(Johnson et al., 2005)Cite just the last name of the first authorfollowed by “et al.” and year for the first andall other citationsJohnson, L., Lewis, K., Peters, M., Harris, Y., Moreton, G.,Morgan, B., . . . Smith, P. (2005). How far is far? London:McMillan.When a reference has up to seven authors, include allauthors’ names in the reference list. When a work haseight or more authors, cite the last names & initials ofthe first six authors then follow with a comma and threespaced ellipsis points (. . .), then the last author’s name.BookNo author Management is defined as (CCH MacquarieDictionary, 1993)ORCCH Macquarie Dictionary (1993) defines…Cite in the text the first few words of the titleand the year. The CCH Macquarie dictionary of business. (1993). North Ryde, NSW: CCH Australia.BookAuthor Identified As Anonymous (Anonymous, 1996)Use only if author is specifically named as“Anonymous”Anonymous. (1996). Primary colors : A novel of politics.New York, NY: Random House.BookAuthors With Same Last Name (J. P. Lewis, 2007)J. P. Lewis argues that (2007)(R. Lewis, 2007)R. Lewis stated that (2007)Include first author’s initials in all citations.Lewis, J.P. (2007). Fundamentals of project management.New York, NY: American Management Association.Lewis, R. (2007). Human genetics : concepts andapplications. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill HigherEducation.Book3Multiple works by the same author …geology of Queensland’s national parks(Willmott, 2004, 2006).Willmott, W.F . (2004). Rocks and landscapes of thenational parks of Southern Queensland. Brisbane:Geological Society of Australia, Queensland Division.Willmott, W.F. (2006). Rocks and landscapes of the nationalparks of Central Queensland. Brisbane: GeologicalSociety of Australia, Queensland Division.Order chronologically from earliest in the reference listBookMultiple works by the same author, published in the same year (Dawkins, 1996a, 1996b) Dawkins, R. (1996a). Climbing Mount Improbable. London:Viking.Dawkins, R. (1996b). River out of Eden. London: Phoenix.Order alphabetically by title in the Reference list.BookBook by an organisation or institution (corporate author) (Queensland Health, 2002)Queensland Health (2002) recommends that….Queensland Health. (2002). Best practice guidelines for themanagement of type 1 diabetes in children andadolescents. Brisbane, Australia: Author.BookDifferent Editions (DeHart, Sroufe, & Cooper, 1995)DeHart, Sroufe, & Cooper (1995) state the ideathat…DeHart, G. B., Sroufe, L.A., & Cooper, R. G. (1995). Childdevelopment: Its nature and course (4th ed.). Boston,MA: McGraw-Hill.The edition statement is placed after the title of the work.This is not necessary for a first edition.BookEdited book (Friedman & Wachs, 1999)(Everson, 1991) Friedman, S. L., & Wachs, T. D. (Eds.). (1999). Measuringenvironment across the life span: Emerging methodsand concepts. Washington, DC: American PsychologicalAssociation.Everson, S. (Ed.). (1991). Psychology. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.Edited book4Electronicversion of printbook(De Lara & Doyen, 2008)(Ardia, 2008) De Lara, M., & Doyen, L. (2008). Sustainable managementof natural resources: Mathematical models andmethods. [SpringerLink version]. Retrieved from/openurl.asp?genre=book&isbn=978-3-540-79073-0Ardia, D. (2008). Financial risk management with Bayesianestimation of GARCH models: Theory and applications[SpringerLink version]. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-78657-3Add the name of the provider of the electronic version insquare brackets.Electronic bookEnter the DigitalObject Identifier of thebook in the DOI field.If the book has no DOI,use the URL field andenter the full URL ofthe e-book if it wasonly publishedelectronically. If thebook was originallypublished in print,enter the URL of thehomepage of thewebsite on which it isavailable.Electronic-only book (Stevens, n.d.) Stevens, K. (n.d.) The dreamer and the beast. Retrievedfrom/showitem.asp?itemID=332Electronic bookTranslation of a book (Ylinen, 2008) Ylinen, J. (2008). Stretching therapy: For sport and manualtherapies (J. Nurmenniemi, Trans.). Edinburgh,Scotland: Churchill Livingstone.BookEnter translator’sname in Translatorfield5Chapter in a bookElements of the citationAuthor(s) of chapter – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) – initials and family name - of book (Eds), Title of book – italicised, (pp. Page numbers). Place of publication: Publisher.Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote referencetypeChapter in an edited book (Baker & Lightfoot, 1993)Use the chapter authors, NOT the editors of thebookBaker, F. M., & Lightfoot, O. B. (1993). Psychiatric care ofethnic elders. In A. C. Gaw (Ed.), Culture, ethnicity,and mental illness (pp. 517-552). Washington, DC:American Psychiatric Press.Book sectionChapter from an electronic book without DOI (Scott, 2005) Scott, D. (2005). Colonial governmentality. In J. X. Inda(Ed.), Anthropologies of modernity (pp. 21-49).Retrieved from/cgi-bin/bookhome/117909832Book sectionChapter from an electronic book with DOI (Iacono, 2008) Iacono, W. G. (2008). Polygraph testing. In E. Borgida & S.T. Fiske (Eds.), Beyond common sense: Psychologicalscience in the courtroom (pp. 219-235). doi:10.1002/9780470696422Book sectionReview from the Mental Measurements Yearbook database (McInerney, 2004) McInerney, V. (2004). Review of the Neale Analysis ofReading Ability, 3rd Edition [AustralianStandardisation]. In The fifteenth mentalmeasurements yearbook. Retrieved from EBSCOMental Measurements Yearbook database.Book sectionAdd “EBSCO MentalMeasurementsYearbook database” inthe URL field.6Dictionary or EncyclopaediaElements of the citationAuthor(s) of work – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title – italicised. Place of publication: Publisher.Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote referencetypeDictionary or Encyclopedia – print version (Wolman, 1989) Wolman, B.B. (Ed.). (1989). Dictionary of behavioralscience (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. BookEntry from Electronic dictionary or encyclopedia (Community, 2009) Community. (2009). In J. Scott & G. Marshall (Eds.), Adictionary of sociology (3rd rev. ed.). Retrieved from/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t88.e337Book section7Journal ArticleIf the journal article has a digital object identifier (DOI), include this in your reference.If there is no DOI and you have accessed the article electronically, include the URL of the journal’s homepage in your reference.Elements of the citationJournal article with DOI (print or electronic)Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicised, Volume – italicised(Issue or number), Page number(s). doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxxJournal article – DOI not available and journal retrieved onlineReference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote ReferenceTypeJournal article from print journal, no DOI (Lowrie & Diezmann, 2009) Lowrie, T., & Diezmann, C. M. (2009). Nationalnumeracy tests: A graphic tells a thousand words.Australian Journal of Education, 53, 141-158.Journal articleJournal article (print or electronic) with DOI – one author – paginated by issue (Osman, 2010)OROsman (2010) thought that….Osman, M. (2010). Controlling uncertainty: A reviewof human behavior in complex dynamicenvironments. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 65-86. doi: 10.1037/a0017815Note: The volume number is in italicsJournal articleWhen citing an articlewhich you accessedelectronically, use the“Electronic article”reference type.8Journal article with DOI – two authors (Kerrigan & Kingdon, 2010) Kerrigan, A. M., & Kingdon, C. (2010). Maternalobesity and pregnancy: A retrospective study.Midwifery, 26, 138-146. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2008.12.005Journal articleJournal article with DOI–three to five authors (Skenderian, Siegel, Crano, Alvaro, & Lac,2008)For works with 3-5 authors, in the in-textcitation, cite all authors the first time thereference appears; for all subsequentuses, cite last name of first authorfollowed by “et al.”Skenderian, J. J., Siegel, J. T., Crano, W. D., Lac, A., &Alvaro, E. E. (2008). Expectancy change andadolescents' intentions to use marijuana.Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 563-569.doi:10.1037/a0013020Note: In the reference list, include all authors up toseven.Journal articleJournal articlewith DOI – sixauthors or more(Wolchik et al., 2008)Note: For the in-text citation, for workswith six or more authors, use only thefirst author’s last name followed by “etal.”, for every use of the citation. Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J.,Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., . . . Griffin, W. A.(2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs forchildren of divorce. Journal of Consulting andClinical Psychology, 68,843-856.doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.843Note: In the reference list, include all authors up toseven. For eight or more, include the first six, then anellipsis, followed by the last author's name.Journal articleJournal article with DOI - continuous pagination throughout volume (Wilens & Biederman, 2006) Wilens, T.E., & Biederman J. (2006). Alcohol, drugs,and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Amodel for the study of addictions in youth.Journal of Psychopharmacology, 20, 580-588.doi:10.1177/0269881105058776Note: Issue number is not required.Journal articleJournal article with DOI –available in (Allan, 2010) Allan, H. (2010). The perils facing nurse education: Acall for leadership for learning. Nurse EducationToday, Advance online publication. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2010.01.002Electronic article9advance in an online publication (before it is assigned a volume, issue or page numbers)Cochrane Review with DOI (Shaw, O’Rourke, Del Mar, & Kenardy,2005)Shaw, K., O'Rourke, P., Del Mar, C., & Kenardy, J.(2005). Psychological interventions for overweightor obesity. The Cochrane database of systematicreviews (2).doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003818.pub2Journal articleJournal article accessed electronically, without DOI (Fallon & Engel, 2008) Fallon, A., & Engel, C. (2008). Hypertensive disordersof pregnancy. The Practising Midwife, 11(9), 1-27.Retrieved fromElectronic articleNote: In the URLfield, enter either theURL of the journal'swebsite (forsubscription-basedjournals), or the fullURL of the article (forarticles available freeon the web)Journal article – in press (Williams & Beattie, in press) Williams, S., & Beattie, H. J. (in press). Problem basedlearning in the clinical setting – a systematicreview. Nurse Education Today.Journal articlePut “in press” in yearfieldArticle from UQ eReserve (Shaw, 2003) Shaw, J. (2003). Epidemiology and prevention of type2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. MedicalJournal of Australia, 179, 379-383. Retrieved fromUniversity of Queensland Library E-Reserve.Electronic articlePut “University ofQueensland Library E-Reserve” in URL field10Conference papers and proceedingsElements of the citationAuthor(s) of paper – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of paper. Title of published proceeding – italicised. Place of Publication: Publisher.Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote referencetypePublished conference paper (Scheinin, 2009) Scheinin, P. (2009). Using student assessment to improveteaching and educational policy. In M. O'Keefe, E.Webb, & K. Hoad (Eds.), Assessment and studentlearning: Collecting, interpreting and using data toinform teaching, 12-14. Melbourne, Australia:Australian Council for Educational Research.Book sectionUnpublished conference paper (Bowden & Fairley, 1996) Bowden, F.J., & Fairley, C.K. (1996, June). EndemicSTDs in the Northern Territory: Estimations ofeffective rates of partner change. Paper presented atthe Scientific Meeting of the Royal Australian Collegeof Physicians, Darwin.Conference paperAdd “June” in the DatefieldConference paper from proceedings published regularly online Note: include a DOI or URL as for an online journal article (Herculano-Houzel, Wong, Kaas, & Lent, 2008) Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H.& Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of thecerebral cortex. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593-12598.doi:10.1073/pnas.0805417105Electronic article11Newspaper and magazine articlesElements of the citationAuthor(s) of article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication, month day). Title of article. Title of newspaper – italicised, p. page number(s).Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNotereference typeNewspaper article with author (Cook, 2002) Cook, D. (2002, January 28). All in the mind. The Age, p.8.Note: Precede page numbers with p. or pp.Newspaper articleNewspaper article, no author (Meeting the needs, 2001) Meeting the needs of counsellors. (2001, May 5). TheCourier Mail, p. 22. Newspaper articleMagazine article (Marano, 2008) Marano, H.E. (2008, March-April). Making of aperfectionist. Psychology Today, 41, 80-86.Magazine articleElectronic newspaper or magazine article (Sandy, 2009)Sandy, A. (2009, January 22). Cheaper to fly than hire abike in Brisbane. The Courier Mail. Retrieved from.au/couriermail/Newspaper articleEnter the URL ofthe newspaper’shomepage in theURL field.Newspaper article from fulltext database (Lampathakis, 1997) Lampathakis, P. (1997, August 11). Tantrums seen assuicide warning. The West Australian, p. 26.Retrieved from Factiva database.Newspaper articleEnter “August 11”in the Issue field.Enter “Factivadatabase” in theURL field.12Government PublicationsElements of the citationAuthor(s) of report – (person or organisation), use & for multiple authors. (Year of Publication). Title of report – italicised. Place of publication: Publisher.Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote referencetypeGovernment report (Queensland Health, 2005) Queensland Health. (2005). Health systems review.Final report. Brisbane, Australia: QueenslandGovernment.ReportOnline report (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare[AIHW], 2010) Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2010). Childprotection Australia 2008-09 (Report No.CWS 35).Retrieved from.au/publications/cws/35/10859.pdf ReportEnter “Report No. CWS 35” in the Report Number field.13ThesisElements of the citation for a thesisAuthor of thesis – family name and initials. (Year of preparation of thesis). Title of thesis – italicised. (Award, Institution, Year).Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote referencetypeThesis- retrieved from institutional or personal website (Axford, 2007) Axford, J.C. (2007). What constitutes success in Pacificisland community conserved areas? (Doctoraldissertation, University of Queensland, 2007).Retrieved from.au/view/UQ:158747ThesisThesis – retrieved from database (Sheehan, 2007) Sheehan, L. R. (2007). Destination managementorganizations: A stakeholder perspective. Retrievedfrom Proquest Digital Dissertations. (AAT NR25719)Thesis14WebpagesElements of the citationAuthor(s) of page – person or organisation, use & for multiple authors. (Year page created or revised). Title of page – italicised. Retrieved from web address. Do not include retrieval date unless the material may change over time (e.g., Wikis).Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote referencetypeWeb page - with author (Atherton, 2005) Atherton, J. (2005). Behaviour modification. Retrieved from/learning/ behaviour_mod.htmWeb PageWeb page - no author (Behaviourmodification, 2007)Use title instead ofauthor nameBehaviour modification. (2007). Retrieved from cational-/behaviour.htmlWeb PageWebpage – no date (Society of ClinicalPsychology, n.d.)Society of Clinical Psychology. (n.d.). About clinical psychology. Retrieved from/about/division/div12.aspxWeb PageWebpage – corporate author (Queensland Health,2009)As stated byQueensland Health(2009),Queensland Health. (2009). Sun safety and physical activity. Retrieved from.au/hid/SkinHealth/SunSafety/sunSafetyAndPhysicalActivity_ap.asp.Web PageImage on a webpage The image of the rash(Scarlet Fever RashPicture, n.d.)Scarlet fever rash picture [Image] (n.d.). Retrieved from/hardin/md/dermatlas/scarletfever.htmlAudiovisual materialAdd “Image” to Typefield15Other Internet Sources:Elements of the citationAuthor. (Year, month day). Title, [Type of media]. Retrieved from Web addressReference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote reference typePodcasts (Al Zaabi & Bjarnesen, 2006) Al Zaabi, M. (Producer), & Bjarnesen, T. (Presenter).(2006, November 7). Diabetes in the elderly[Audio podcast]. Retrieved from.au/hn/talks/Audiovisual materialAdd “Producer” and “Presenter” in manually Add “Audio podcast” to the Type field.Email or personal communication es (personalcommunication, August 6, 2008)Or(L.J. Henderson, personalcommunication, February 5,2007)Not included in reference list, only cited in text. Entered into text manuallyMessage posted to a newsgroup, online forum or discussion group (Winther, 2009) Winther, M. (2009, January 14). The unconscious isspirit [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from/group/alt.psychology.jung/topics?lnkWeb PageAdd “January 14” to LastUpdate Date fieldAdd “Online forum comment”to Type of Medium field.16Blog Post (Reville, 2006) Reville, L. (2006, September 5). Where to findfundraising ideas [Web log message].Retrieved from /BlogEmail Discussion List – Web Archive (Vuinovich, 2001) Vuinovich, G. (2001, April 4). Report on malariaoutbreak [Electronic mailing list message].Retrieved from/VirtualListserv_Archives/ HCM/Policy/2001/msg016.htmlWeb PageAdd “April 4” to Last UpdateDate fieldAdd “Electronic mailing listmessage” to Type of Mediumfield.Eric document (limited circulation book or monograph, from electronic database) (Alberta Education, 2009) Alberta Education, Learning and Teaching ResourcesBranch. (2009). Cree language and culture: 9-year program guide to implementation, grades4-5-6 [Monograph]. Retrieved from/Web PageAdd “Monograph” to Type ofMedium field.Eric document (informally published or self-archived) (Montgomery, 2009) Montgomery, J.R. (2009). Using audio books toimprove reading and academic performance.Retrieved from ERIC database (ED505947).Web Page17BrochuresElements of the citationAuthor. (Year). Title of brochure.[Brochure]. Place: Use author aspublisher.Reference typeIn-text examples Reference list example EndNote reference typeBrochure (University of Queensland, StudentServices, 2000) University of Queensland, StudentServices, Personal CounsellingProgram. (2000). Eatingdisorders [Brochure]. Brisbane,Australia: Author.PamphletLecture NotesElements of the citationName of author(s) or the institution responsible, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title and subtitle of publication – italicised, Name of institution, Location of institution.Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNoteLecture notes - print (Johnson, 2008) Johnson, A. (2008). Week three:Foucault [Powerpoint slides].Unpublished manuscript,BESC1001, University ofQueensland, St Lucia, Australia.List name of city, state and country.Do not include state if listed inuniversity name. ManuscriptAdd [Powerpoint slides] manually Add “manuscript” to Type of Work fieldAdd “BESC1001, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia” to the Institution field18Lecture notes - online (Johnson, 2008) Johnson, A. (2008). Week three:Foucault [Powerpoint slides].Retrieved from BESC1001,University of QueenslandBlackboard Online:.au/ Web PageAdd “Week three: Foucault [Powerpoint slides] to the Title field Add “BESC1001, University of Queensland Blackboard Online: .au/” to URL fieldVideo or DVDElements of the citationProducer, A.A. (Producer), & Director, B.B. (Director). (Year). Title of video or DVD – italicised [Motion picture, DVD, etc] . Place of origin: Studio. Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote reference typeVideo or DVD (Smith, 2009) Smith, S. (Producer). (2009).Excellence in teaching : Lessonplanning [DVD]. Plainview, NY :Sunburst Media. Audiovisual mediaAdd “DVD” to the Type field.19Television programsElements of the citationWriter name(s) (Writer). (Year, month day). [ Type of medium]. Place of broadcast: Name of broadcasterReference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote reference typeTelevision or radio program (Bryant, 2001) Bryant, B. (Writer). (2001,September 12). The Bryantmedical hour [Televisionbroadcast]. Sydney, Australia:Public Broadcasting Service. Audiovisual materialIn Date field, add “September 12”. Add “Television broadcast” to the Type field.Indirect citationAn indirect citation is when the ideas of one author are published in another author’s text but you have not read or accessed the original author’s work. In the list of References provide the details of the author of the work you have read.Reference type In-text examples Reference list example EndNote reference typeIndirect citation or secondary source Miller (cited in Agrios 2005) found …… it was found (Miller, cited in Agrios2005). Agrios, G.N. (2005). Plant pathology(5th ed.) Burlington, MA.:Elsevier Academic Press.Cite the source where you foundthe citationBookUse the relevant reference type forthe item you are citing. Add “citedin” manually using “Edit Citation”option.Report From a Private OrganizationAmerican Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with eating disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.20。
