全国2008年4月历年自考英语语法真题
课程代码：00831
一、单项选择题
Choose the best answers from the choices given and put the letter in the brackets.
1. Natalie __C___fault with the way her husband eats.（）
A. has always found
B. always found
C. is always finding
D. always finds
2. We ____D___ in France now，but the flight _______.（）
A. are; puts off
B. were; was put off
C. were to arrive; put off
D. were to have been; was put off
3. The ghost _____A__ as the clock _______ twelve.（）
A. appeared，was striking
B. appeared，struck
C. was appearing，struck
D. was appearing，was striking
4. Once a satellite __B_____ into orbit round Pluto，scientists will be able to find a great deal.（）
A. will be put
B. has been put
C. would be put
D. was put
5. You talk as though it __D_____ a small thing to leave the country for good.（）
A. is
B. was
C. will be
D. were
6. The method of painting is known as ___D____ far back as the Song Dynasty.（）
A. to be used
B. to have used
C. to have been using
D. to have been used
7.There used to be an old apple tree in the garden，_C______?（）
A. used there
B. could there
C. was there
D. use there
8. The boss demanded that the letter _B______typed today.（）
A. can be
B. should be
C. shall be
D. must be
9. Aren?t you tired? I __A_____ you _______ enough for today.（）
A. think; did
B. thought; had done
C. would have thought; had done
D. should have thought; did
10. Let me start with a ___C____ issue before I explain the problem of our major concern.（）
A. less
B. more
C. lesser
D. least
11. I went to see my parents __A_____ National Day.（）
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. for
12. They are going to visit Sydney __A_____ Christmas.（）
A. at
B. in
C. for
D. on
13. While ___C____ for costs _______，my solicitor?s case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a …brilliant academic record?.（）
A. asked; awarded
B. asking; awarded
C. asked; to be awarded
D. asking; to be awarded
14. The mother didn?t know who _C______ for the broken vase.（）
A. blames
B. blamed
C. to blame
D. will blame
15. Judging from the latest information，you?d better make up your mind now __D_____ it is too late.（）
A. after
B. since
C. when
D. before
16. She was very angry with the person __B_____ called her early in the morning. （）
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D./
17. Thank you very much for the lovely toy __D_____ you sent my son.（）
A. where
B. who
C. whom
D./
18. ____A___，they refused to come to the party.（）
A. Strange enough
B. Slowly
C. Happily
D. Always
19. It is true that John drove ____C___.（）
A. frankly
B. all of a sudden
C. slowly
D. clearly
20. She stood up ____A___ order to see better.（）
A. in
B. by
C. at
D. on
21. I used to read a lot ___A____ I don?t have much time for books now.（）
A. although
B. since
C. as
D. nevertheless
二、多项选择题
Fill in each of the blanks with one of the items given.
22. is，are，was，were，will be，shall be
Except for the eatable that __were_____ allowed into the spot，everything else ____was___ confiscated that day.
23. is，are，was，were，itself，himself，themselves
The family __were_____ enjoying ___themselves____ immensely at the Spring Festival dinner party.
24. be，is，was，are，were，will be，shall be
a. Three years ___is____too long a time for the master program.
b. Three-fourths of the water in the bottle _____is__ expected to leak out within ten minutes.
25. than，as，more，so，less
She speaks French ___so____ well _as______ the rest of us.
26. is，are，has，have，having
A team which _is______ full of enthusiasm _____has__ a better chance of winning.
27. woman，women，has，have，having
The number of __women_____ doctors in the hospital ___has___ increased dramatically over the past decade.
28. than，as，more，most，the
__The_____ more money he makes，the _____more__ useless things he buys.
29. bacteria，optics，nucleus，jeans，measles，cattle
a. Singular only:___nucleus，_optics__,_ measles_
b. Plural only:___bacteria，_jeans，_ cattle_
三、填空题
Fill in each of the blanks as required.
A. With questions tags:
30. Nobody agreed with you，__did he_____?
31. Let?s go out to dinner，_shall we______?
32. You had your watch repaired yesterday，___didn't you____?
33. Close the door，_will you______?
B. With a determiner:
34. There is a line of trees on __each/either/the_____ side of the river.
35. “Can you come on Saturday or Sunday?”
“I?m afraid _____neither__ day is possible.”
36. I suddenly realized I?d come out without __much_____ money.
37. Do you know ____the___ Browns? They live next to us.
C. With an appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given:
38. They arranged that the demonstration __would take place__ (take place) in their new showrooms.
39. Observations __are made_____ (make)daily at two hundred weather stations in and around the British Isles，which send in reports every three hours.
40. She couldn?t find her way to my apartment，__having been given_____ (give)the wrong address.
D. With an appropriate preposition:
41. The man was accused ___of____ stealing a diamond ring.
42. The woman driver was charged ___for____ speeding.
E. With an appropriate conjunctive:
43. Mr Smith graduated from California University in 2001 __and_____ now he is working as a lawyer.
F. With an appropriate relative pronoun:
44. He is a very capable manager，___which____none of his predecessors was.
45. A few years later Mary returned home as a famous musician，a fact ____which___ came as quite a surprise to her friends.
四、改错题
Correct one error in each of the following sentences.
46. He watched each gesture of her as if she was a stranger.
He watched each gesture of hers as if she was a stranger.
47. Every person in turn went to see the doctor.
Each person in turn went to see the doctor.
48. On the stand there were newspapers and magazines of any kind.
On the stand there were newspapers and magazines of some kind.
49. I?ve just read whole of Pride and Prejudice.
I?ve just read the whole of Pride and Prejudice.
50. It is known to all that 70% of the earth are consisted of water.
It is known to all that 70% of the earth is consisted of water.
51. Running into the room，a rug caught her foot and she fell.
When running into the room，a rug caught her foot and she fell.
52. His two sons look the same age. Which is the older?
His two sons look the same age. Which is the elder?
53. Why didn?t you go with your friends in the trip at Africa?
Why didn?t you go with your friends in the trip to Africa?
54. I?m afraid the boy is very rude at his parents.
I?m afraid the boy is very rude to his parents.
55. Do you like the idea which we risk cheating in the English exam?
Do you like the idea that we risk cheating in the English exam?
56.The man about which they talked happens to be the new director of their department.
The man about whom they talked happens to be the new director of their department.
五、改写句子题
Rewrite the following sentences as required.
A. Turning the following statement into a YES-NO question
57. He?s always telling me that I don?t plan for the future.
Is he always telling you that you don't plan for the future?
B. Using relative pronouns
58. Jack was born in Brisbane. It is a beautiful city in Australia.
Jack was born in Brisbane, whihc is a beautiful city in Australia.
59. John is a very agreeable person. His brother is not an agreeable person at all.
John is a very agreeable person,which his brother is not at all.
C. Using an adverbial clause
60. She wasn?t feeling well. As a result she went to lie down on the couch.
Because she wasn't feeling well, she went to lie down on the couch.
D. Using passive voice
61. People are not paying enough attention to such kind of illness in this district.
Enough attention is not payed to such kind of illness in this district./
Such kind of illness in this district is not paid enough attention to by people.
62. All the tourists who want to swim in the beach must observe this rule.
This rule must be observed by all the tourists who want to swim in the beach.
E. Using a modal auxiliary
63. To get laid off was the last thing he ever anticipated.
He never anticipated that he could get laid off.
F. Using nonfinite verb form
64. I can?t imagine that he would ever agree to such a proposition.
I can’t imagine his/ him ever agreeing to such a proposition.
65. She ran from the house. This looked as if she were escaping.
She ran from the house,looking as if escaping.
G. Using discontinuity
66. Excessive drinking is more harmful than expected to anybody.
Excessive drinking is more harmful to anybody than expected.
H. Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate
67. If you mark your luggage conspicuously，other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage.
If you mark your luggage conspicuously，other passengers will not mistake it with their own.
68. If John wants to marry Susan soon，he shouldn?t quarrel with Mary over such a trivial ma tter.
If John wants to marry Susan soon，he shouldn’t quarrel with her over such a trivial matter.
69. He lost his old bike so he bought a new bike the next day.
He lost his old bike so he bought a new one the next day.
六、名词解释
Define the following terms with examples.
70. Non-finite verbs: The non-finite verbs are so called because they are not marked for tense or for subjectverb concord. In form, it has the features of aspect and tense, while in its function, it can be object, complement, adverbial ,etc. We recognize three type of nonfinite verbs: infinitive (further divided into to-infinitive and bare infinitive), -ing participle and -ed participle.
71. Extraposition
Extraposition, as a grammatical device for postpoing the important item, is defined as "the replacement of the postponed item by a substitute form." The extraposed item is almost always a nominal clause, which satisfies the desire for end-weight. In function, the extraposed
item can be subject or object; in form, it can be finite or non-finite. When we remove a clausal subject or object to the final position, we use the anticipatory it to fill in the slot.
72. Text
The term "text" refers to a unified passage, which may be spoken or written ,prose or verse, dialogue or monologue. It may be anything from a single proverb to a whole play, from a momentary cry for help to an all-day discussion on a committee. A text is a hingher-level unit than a sentence but is related to a sentence in the same way that a sentence is related to a clause, a clause to a phrase and a phrase to a word. A text is more a semantic unit than a grammatical one. In other words, a unified text is one that is not only structurally well-integrated but also semantically coherent.
七、简答题
Answer the following questions.
73. Illustrate with examples 2 major classes of auxiliaries other than modal auxiliary.
1.The couple have lived here for ten years.
2.Don't come over there.
3.When did he drive to station to meet his sister?
74. What are special features about modal auxiliaries in semantics and in syntax?
Modal auxiliaries are a special group of words that have unique features both in syntax and in semantics. They are often described as inflectionally defective verbs, because in synactic terms they lack a full set of forms - not having non-finite forms or being marked for concord with the subject.
In semantis, modeal auxilliaries are all the more complicated because nearly all of them are polysemous and , as a consequence, their interpretation is such that we forever feel the need to resort to context for clues.
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语语法试题 课程代码：00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and still having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You're fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired
2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the
2014年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试卷 （课程代码00015） 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫M黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 一、阅读判断（第1—10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题纸相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi, looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital, I found a man running down the hospital steps, waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “The Airport, please,”he said. As always, I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments, he started saying, “How do you like driving a taxi?” “It’s OK” I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital.” Many times during long rides, I’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help. “Could I ask a favor of you?” He didn’t answer. “I have a son, 15, a good kid. He wants a job this summer. Is it possible that you get one for him?” He still wasn’t talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record.” He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
2005年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Chose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the blank. 1. The task force is supposed_____. A. to be getting reinforced B. that to be getting reinforced C. to being got reinforced D. that been got reinforced 2. He muffled his voice to avoid_____. A. having been identified B. to be identified C. identified D. being identified 3._____, I would call him in advance. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 4. The company encourages _____ uniforms. A. to wear B. wears C. wearing D. have worn 5. What is _____ story you have ever heard? A. funnier B. a funniest C. the funnier D. the funniest 6. You may take an oral or written exam _____ you prefer. A. according as B. according to C. if D. whether 7. The Tower of London, _____ so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. A. which B. there C. where D. from it 8. Pride and prejudice _____ never failed to characterize the aristocracy. A. had B. has C. have D. are 9. Not only the players and the coach but also the referee _____ responsible for the defeat. A. were B. was C. is D. are 10. How often _____ your car _____? I think it ought _____ twice a week at least. A. is … washed, to be washed B. is … washed, to wash C. is … washed, to have washed D. has … been washed, to be washed 11. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard out in the street. A. having been opened and closed B. opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to be opened and closed 12. I had hoped that Jennifer _____ a doctor, but she was not good at medicine. A. will become B. become C. would become D. becomes 13. Most people enjoy _____. A. to flatter B. to be flattered C. flattering D. being flattered 14. Congratulations on _____ to the university. A. having admitted B. being admitted C. admitting D. have admitted 15. As we went _____ in our investigation of the case, we had more evidence of a political conspiracy. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 16. _____ his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man. A. Although B. With all C. With D. Because of 17. He takes no interest in studies; _____, he plays tennis all day. A. in short B. instead C. anyhow D. still 18. The factory was burned down last night; _____ many workmen were thrown out of employment. A. for this sake B. on that account C. in that case D. unfortunately 19. The old _____ usually self-conceited as age sometimes does tell. A. is B. will be C. are to be D. are 20. There _____ a tall building, several tennis courts and lots of non-deciduous trees on the center of the area. A. is B. are C. stand D. appears 二、选择填空题(本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分)
2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）标准试题 (课程代码：00015) 第一部分：阅读判断题(每题1分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供 的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 Running: Sport or Way of Life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart lungs and muscles? It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help some in your find area. Then programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition and effort is recognized over talent. If you're looking for more than just a sport running may be the perfect choice for you 1. You may find it interesting in go for A run. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. The sport of running is easy. A True B. False C. Not Given 3. It is hard to End n safe environment for running.
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.
本次语法串讲分三个部分，第一，方法篇；第二，命题特点分析；第三，重点章节复习。 第一、方法篇 自学考试英语专业《英语语法》科目是一门理论性和实践性都非常强的课程，旨在考核考生能否熟练掌握现代英语语法的基本理论和概念，掌握词的形态变化和用词造句的规则，以及组句成篇的一般形式和规律。 由于存在着英汉语言体系上的差异、教材的全英版和术语的生僻、语法本身乏味枯燥等外部因素，以及考生英语基础知识薄弱、精读和泛读的阅读数量尚未达到一定量因此不能将一些语法规则变成感性认识加以推演和归纳、甚至还有同学有畏难情绪，一旦跟不上就放弃，或者偷懒，不愿多做一些练习和多记一些概念解释，结果仅以一、二分之差没有及格，令人扼腕。 但是有志者事竟成，这句名言还没有过时。我们举几个成功的例子吧。 我教过的学生中有人刻意让自己爱上语法，首先，她克服困难，把全书通读一遍，可是有那么多不懂的单词和术语怎么办？她问我。我说，把它们暂时放在一边，然后通过例句猜测该词的含义，结果既记住了概念又结合了例句，相辅相成，直到掌握。 比如：什么是extraposition？这个词是由extra－（在……之外，额外）加position（位置），联想到appositive phrase（同位短语），appositive clause （同位语分句）等，那么从该词的外形上可以判定extraposition是“位置放在外围”。 它出现在我们教材中的《信息结构和强调》一章中，我们知道，突出强调信息的几种主要方法（postponement, fronting，inversion， cleaving，existential sentence）之一的后移又有三种后移的方法：passive voice, extraposition and discontinuity。从课本上我们看到这样的例句：To make fun of a disabled man is not funny at all. It is not funny at all to make fun of a disabled man. He found it annoying that his neighbor kept calling him by the wrong name. 你注意到这里有it出现在句中做形式主语和形式宾语，真正的主语和宾语在句末，然后，结合解释“When we re move a clausal subject or object to the final focal position, we use the anticipatory it to fill in the slot. Grammatically speaking, it is the formal subject or object while the extraposed clause is the real or notional subject or object. In function, the extraposed item can be subject or object; in form it can be finite or non-finite. 后移的结果就是满足了末尾重心（end-weight）的原则，达到强调的效果。
自学考试 英语语法复习题 单项选择题 Choose the best answer from the choices given. 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _______ when he _____ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison_____ to make a living by himself. A. wouldn?t begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun 3. He ____ his leg when he ______ in a football match against another school. A. broke; played B. was breaking; was playing C. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 5. Hello, I ____ you ____ in London. How long have you been here? A. don?t know; were B. hadn?t known; are C. haven?t known; were D. didn?t know; are 6. She can?t help ___ of her son. A. thinking B. to think C. to be thought D. have thought 7. The room was empty ___ a few chairs. A. except B. except for C. besides D. besides for 8. Four plus three ___ seven. A. equals B. equaled C. equaling D. equal 9. I?d rather that he ___ it blue. A. painted B. paint C. paints D. painting 10. The Browns ___ moving away on Saturday. A. is B. are C. will be D. has been 11. She said that it ___ snow. A. may B. can C. should D. might 12. Amy and her cousin just bought two new ___ coats. A. winters B. winter?s C. winters? D. winter 13. Today was ___ beautiful day that I couldn?t just keep myself indoors. A. a such B. such a C. a so D. so a 14. There is no decision ___ on your application. A. still B. so far C. yet D. thus far 15. I would appreciate ___ it a secret. A. that you keep B. you to keep C. your keeping D. that you will keep 16. Invite them only on those occasions ____ their late arrival will not cause you inconvenience. A. when B. that C. where D. which