九年级（下）期中试卷（一模）
英语
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共14页，满分为96分，考试时间120分钟。
2．第Ⅰ卷的答案涂在答题卡上。用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，不能答在试卷上。
3．第Ⅱ卷的答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效。
第I卷选择题（共45分）
一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Nanjing, ________ old capital of the six dynasties, is becoming ________ more
beautiful city for the coming 2020 Youth Olympic Games.
A. a, a
B. the, the
C. the, a
D. an, the
2. —You look so worried, what’s wrong?
—More and more people like me become to worry about the __________ pollution after the haze (雾霾) appeared in Beijing and some other cities in China.
A. water
B. air
C. noise
D. soil
3. —Do you know that our school has been named Green Olympic Demonstration
School?
—Yes. We are all excited ___________ that.
A. at
B. for
C. about
D. with
4. —You see, “Food Safety” receives thousands of Internet hits a day. —Obviously, it has become one of the _________ topics recently.
A. interesting
B. hot
C. most interesting
D. hottest
5. —Excuse me, Mum. When can we have dinner?
—Not until it in half an hour.
A. is prepared
B. will be prepared
C. has been prepared
D. was prepared
6. —What do you plan to do on the ___________ May Day holiday?
—I have no idea. Probably, I will spend it by doing many papers.
A. three-day
B. three-days
C. three days
D. three day’s
7. —Have you got an iPhone 5?
—No, many young people began to say “No” to it because of _________ follow-up service. By the way, I am a supporter of Chinese products.
A. it’s
B. its
C. it
D. itself
8. —Who is your favourite writer?
—Mo Yan. He is the first Chinese person _________ wins the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. whom
9. —Is there ___________interesting on the Internet?
—Yes. The First Lady Peng Liyuan attracts more attention than her husband on the visit to Russia and some African countries.
A. something
B. anybody
C. somebody
D. anything
10. —Paul invited us to go on a trip to Jiming Temple tomorrow.
—______? Have the Flowering Cherries(樱花) on each side of the roads come out?
A. Why not?
B. What for?
C. What time?
D. Who else?
11. —Hurry up, Mum. The lights are turned on. Dad has been back.
—It _________ be him. He has gone to Shanghai.
A. must
B. can’t
C. mustn’t
D. may
12. —What do you usually do at the weekend?
—I ________ the program “If You Are The One” (非诚勿扰) with my family.
A. used to watch
B. was used to watching
C. am used to watch
D. get used to watching
13. —Sorry, Mr. Wang. I _________ my homework at home again.
—That’s OK, but never __________ it next time.
A. remember; forget
B. left; remember
C. forget; left
D. left; forget
14. —Could you tell me ____________________?
—I don’t know. It seemed to be unimaginable.
A. why “Gangnam style” is known to all in China
B. when was “Gangnam style” so popular in China
C. where “Gangnam style” is popular
D. how was “Gangnam style” well-known in China
15. —Let’s watch the popular TV program “I am a Singer”, shall we?
—_________________. It has been over for some time.
A. Sounds great
B. Yes, we shall
C. I’m afraid not
D. No, we shan’t
二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was unusually quiet in the emergency room on December 25.
I was the nurse on duty that day. I didn't think there would be any patients. Just then five bodies 16 at my desk, a pale woman and four small children.
“Are you all sick?” I asked.
“Yes,” she said17 , lowering her head.
But when they described their problems, things got a little strange. Two of the children had headaches, but they didn’t show any 18 of headaches at all. Two children had earaches, but only one could tell me which ear was affected. The mother
19 of a cough but seemed to produce it.
I didn't say anything, 20 I explained that they might wait for a little while before a doctor saw her. She answere d, “Take your time; it's warm here.”
I checked the chart after another nurse had finished registering(登记) the family. No 21 —they were homeless. The waiting room was warm.
I looked at the family by the Christmas tree. The littlest one was pointing at the television and saying something to her mother. The oldest one was looking at lights on the Christmas tree.
I went back to the nurses' station and mentioned we had a homeless family in the waiting room. The nurses who felt bored with 22 Christmas, turned to compassion((怜悯) for the family just trying to get warm on Christmas. The team went into action. We began to prepare a party for our Christmas 23 . We needed presents. We put together oranges and apples in a basket. We collected from different departments candies, crayons and other things available that could be presents.
24 , as the family walked to the door to leave, the four-year-old child came running back, gave me a hug and 25 , “Thanks for being our angels today.”
16. A. set up B. put up C. cheered up D. showed up
17. A. excitedly B. loudly C. weakly D. strongly
18. A. systems B. signs C. symbols D. secrets
19. A. explained B. expressed C. complained D. compared
20. A. and B. but C. or D. so
21. A. address B. age C. name D. money
22. A. amazing B. working C. interesting D. surprising
23. A. nurses B. doctors C. guests D. patients
24. A. Soon B. Suddenly C. Later D. However
25. A. screamed B. jumped C. whispered D. replied
三、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
A
CN Tower Hours
Due to(由于) construction around the CN Tower, the only access for visitors who may require help with strollers(婴儿车) or wheelchairs, is Bremner Blvd.
The CN Tower is open 364 days a year (closed on Christmas Day). Hours of Operation are adjusted(调整) from time to time.
Please call (416) 86-TOWER to confirm the hours for the date of your visit.
Tower Hours
Information Desk opens at 8:30
Observation Levels
Sunday through Thursday Friday & Saturday LookOut 9:00am - 10:00pm 9:00am - 10:30pm Glass Floor 9:00am - 10:00pm 9:00am - 10:30pm SkyPod 9:00am - 10:00pm 9:00am - 10:30pm Attractions
Himalamazon motion theatre ride 10:00am - 9:00pm
Film 10:00am - 9:00pm (last show 9pm)
360 Restaurant
Lunch 11:00am - 2:00pm
Sunday Lunch 10:30am - 2:00pm
Dinner (Sunday -Thursday) 4:30pm - 10:00pm
Dinner (Friday & Saturday) 4:30pm - 11:00pm
Marketplace Retail Store
Marketplace Gift Shop Sunday through Thursday Friday & Saturday
8:30am - 10:00pm 8:30am – 10:30pm
A. A person.
B. A road.
C. A building.
D. A shop.
27. What can’t you do when you visit CN Tower?
A. Watch a film.
B. Have dinner.
C. Buy gifts.
D. Go cycling.
28. Which of the following statements is WRONG?
A. You can have lunch at 10:50am at 360 Restaurant on Sunday.
B. You can enjoy the beauty of the city from SkyPod at 9:50pm on Wednesday.
C. You can go to Information Desk for help at 8:40am.
D. You can visit CN Tower every day.
B
Food waste has become a big problem in China.
Zhou Jinsong, a canteen(食堂) manager at Central South University, said that students produce over 12 barrels(桶) of leftovers every day — each barrel stands at one meter in height. Zhou’s canteen is just one of several on the campus.
According to Xinhua News Agency, the food wasted by Chinese people equates to about 50 million tons of grain every year, or 10 percent of the country’s total annual grain production. This food could feed another 200 million people. What students waste every year could feed over 10 million people. Students nowadays are well protected by their families and hardly know how hard farmers work to provide them with the food they eat.
“Since the 1980s, when Chine se gradually became richer, food waste has been a subject of debate. But things have hardly changed over the years,” said Yu Changjiang, a sociologist at Peking University. “It’s the Chinese way of showing respect to friends, often referred as Mianzi.”
But rather than tradition, huge public spending on government banquets(宴会) is also causing food waste, said Zhou Xiaozheng from the sociology department at Renmin University of China. “It’s the result of widespread reception meals at government levels. It is also important that everyone thinks about how they can do their best to reduce food waste.”
29. Which of the following statements is not the reasons for food waste?
A. Students hardly know farmers’ hard work on the farm.
B. The government spends a large amount of money on government banquets.
C. Leaving some food after a banquet is the Chinese way to show respect to
guests.
D. The food in the college canteen is not delicious.
30. Where can we probably read this passage?
A. In a newspaper.
B. In a traffic report.
C. On a health website.
D. In a story book.
C
(One day Alice runs after a strange rabbit and comes into a deep hole. She becomes smaller when she wakes up the next day. She finds herself in a wonderland with many amazing things inside.)
The Caterpillar(毛毛虫) and Alice looked at each
other for some time in silence. At last the Caterpillar took
the pipe out of its mouth, and said to her in a tired, sleepy
voice.
“Who are YOU?” said the Caterpillar.
This opening for a talk couldn’t make Alice at ease. Alice replied, rather shyly, “I----I hardly know, sir, just at present ----at least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been changed several times since then.”
“What do you mean by that?” said the Caterpillar, “Explain yourself!”
“I can’t explain MYSELF. I’m afraid, sir.” said Alice, “because I’m not myself, you see.”
“I don’t see.” said the Caterpillar.
“I’m afraid I can’t put it more clearly.” Alice replied very politely, “for I can’t understand it myself. And being so many different sizes in a day is very puzzling.”
“It isn’t.” said the Caterpillar.
“Well, perhaps you haven’t found it so yet.” said Alice. “But when you have to turn into a chrysalis(蛹，茧)----you will some day, you know ----and then after that into a butterfly, I think you’ll feel it a little stranger, won’t you?”
“Not a bit.” said the Caterpillar.
“Well, perhaps your feelings may be different.”said Alice. “All I know is, it would make ME feel very strange.”
“You!” said the Caterpillar scornfully. “Who are YOU?” The question brought them back again to the beginning of the talk. Alice felt a little angry because the Caterpillar was making such VERY short sentences. She drew herself up and said very seriously, “I think you ought to tell me who YOU are first.”
“Why?” said the Caterpillar.
Here was another puzzling question. As Alice could not think out any good reason, and as the Caterpillar seemed to be very unpleasant, she turned away. “Come back!” the Caterpillar called after her. “I’ve something important to tell you!”
This certainly gave Alice some hope. Alice turned and came back again.
31. Where may their talk take place?
A. In a wonderland.
B. In the field.
C. In the tree.
D. Outside the hole.
32. Alice didn’t feel __________ during her talk with Caterpillar.
A. shy
B. sad
C. angry
D. strange
33. Why did Alice think she was not herself?
A. Because she was too young to understand the changes.
B. Because being changed several times in a day made her feel puzzled.
C. Because she didn’t like her changes
D. Because she didn’t feel very well.
34. Put the following statements in the correct order according to the story.
①Alice drew herself up.
②Alice used an example to explain the changes to herself.
③Alice couldn’t explain herself.
④Alice turned away.
⑤Alice looked at Caterpillar for some time in silence.
A. ⑤②③④①
B. ⑤②③①④
C. ⑤③②④①
D.⑤③②①④
35. Which of the following sentences can be added to the end of the story?
A. “Don’t be silly. You are still yourself.” said the Caterpillar.
B. “Don’t be angry. You think you’re changed, do you?” said the Caterpillar.
C. “Don’t be sad. You’ll grow bigger again.” said the Caterpillar.
D. “Don’t be afraid. You can go home now.” said the Caterpillar.
D
You either have it, or you don’t－a sense of direction. But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map while others can lose themselves in the next street?
Scientists say we’re all born with a sense of direction, but it is not properly understood how it works. One theory is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it. Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t use it, we lose it.
“Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around,” says Jim Martland, research director of the project. “However, if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car, they never develop the skills.”
Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction. He makes the following suggestions:
●If you are using a map, turn it so that it relates to(与……有联系) the way you
are facing.
●If you leave your bike in a strange place, put it near something like a big stone
or a tree－something easy to recognize. Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike. When you return, go back along the same route.
●Simplify(简化) the way for finding your direction by using lines such as
streets in a town, streams, or wells in the countryside to guide you. Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as towerblocks or hills which can help to find out where you are.
Now you will never get lost again!
36. Children have the ability to find the way around when they are ______ years old.
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
37. Which of the following things cannot be used as landmarks?
A. Tower blocks.
B. Hills.
C. Wells.
D. Bikes.
38. What does the underlined word “emphasize” mean in the passage?
A. To give special importance to something.
B. To express thanks for somebody.
C. To understand or become aware of a fact.
D. To admire somebody.
39. Scientists believe that __________.
A. some babies are born with a sense of direction
B. people learn a sense of direction as they grow older
C. people never lose their sense of direction
D. everybody has a sense of direction from birth
40. What may be the best title of the passage?
A. A research on direction.
B. A sense of direction.
C. People’s ability of finding the way.
D. Scientists’ research on skills.
E
As you are soon on your way to Eastern Europe, here are a few tips on what you should pack. In general, pack lightly, with only the most basic clothes. People dress casually(随便地) in Eastern Europe, so you don’t need to bring along your smartest clothing.
Batteries: If your camera, flash, or other appliances run on batteries, bring enough supply along. Certain types of batteries don’t exist in Eastern Europe, and those that do often don’t last very long.
Cash: We have found it good to have supply of small-unit U.S. bills($1and $5) to use in hard–currency stores, to buy international train tickets, etc. The hard–currency stores never seem to have the right change.
Electric Current Adapter(转换器): If you bring any appliances, remember that the electricity in Eastern Europe uses 220 volts A.C., not the standard 110 volts of North America. A 110 volts appliance will soon burn out when attached to an unchanged 220-volt plug.
Language Tools: O ne of Europe’s big gest challenges is communicating with the local people since their languages are so different from our own. To help overcome difficulties, you might buy phrasebooks before you go —you won’t find them once you are in Eastern Europe.
Money Belt: A money belt is especially helpful when you have many documents to carry around ( as you always do in Eastern Europe). The best one we find is made by Eagle Greek Travel Gear, 143 Cedros Ave. (P. O. box 651), Solona Beach, CA 92075 (tel. 619/755 –9399, or toll free 800/874 –9925) outside California.
Traveler’s Checks: These are necessary. Bring your traveler’s checks in small to medium unit ($10, $20, or $50) to change a little bit at a time, so as not to be left with a lot of local money. To be on the safe side, be sure to copy down the check numbers in two places, just in case something happens to the checks.
41. How many tips are mentioned in the passage?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
42. Which of the following things may be the biggest challenge in Eastern Europe?
A. Appliances.
B. Money.
C. Language.
D. Clothes.
43. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact according to the passage?
A. No shop in Eastern Europe accepts hard currency.
B. Travelers may need to carry many documents in Eastern Europe.
C. The electricity in Eastern Europe uses 220 volts A.C.
D. Eastern European languages can be a problem to foreign travelers.
44. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?
A. To tell you it’s not easy to stay in Eastern Europe.
B. To give you some advice on what you should pack when you’re in Eastern
Europe.
C. To tell you something about the life in Eastern Europe.
D. To show you the life in Eastern Europe is different from that in your country.
45. What do the underlined words “change” and “check” probably mean according to
A. 1; 3
B. 3; 3
C. 2; 3
D. 2; 2
第II 卷非选择题（共51分）
四、填空（共16小题；每小题1分，满分16分）
A) 根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
46. Though the Grade 9 students are busy with their study, they should still do sports
_________ (两次) a day.
47. The hall is ____________ (空的). There is nobody left.
48. Zhang Guorong has been away for ten years. But he will be my _________(偶像)
forever.
49. When the film ended, the audience couldn’t stop _______ (鼓掌) for a long time.
50. If you like to go to Hong Kong for shopping, you can go there in any ___(季节).
B) 根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
51. My little cousin, Jimmy, was born on a cool (cloud) morning.
52. Come and enjoy ___________(you), dear! It’s my honor to invite all of you here.
53. When the students read the exciting advertisement, they shouted with________ (excite) at once.
54. Who will be the _________( four ) speaker? Get ready, please.
55. When I have problems with study, my English teacher always ______(encourage) me.
56. _________(luck), they didn’t win the basketball final,though they put all their effort into it.
In a society where people always pay their attention to bad news, the 2020 year’s "Touching China" award definitely 57 . The award honor s ten of China’s inspirational role models in 2020.
58 the ten are public faces who did good deeds like Luo Yang, the late Commander of the program for 59 the J-15 fighter, who died from overwork. And Lin Junde, a scientist who devoted hi s whole life to China’s nuclear course. There are also common people who have 60 , like Zhang Lili. She was called "China’s Most Beautiful Teacher" after she saved two students, but lost both her legs in the effort.
The award 61 are carefully selected to represent a true moral epic of 2020 in China. The "Touching China" award has been held yearly since 2003.
五、阅读短文 (共20小题；每小题1分；满分20分)
A)根据短文内容，完成文后任务。注意
．．：每个空格只填一个单词。
Jerome Kern is often called the father of American musical
theater. Kern is remembered for the hundreds of songs he wrote for
musical plays and movies. Music historians say that Kern gave
artistic importance to American popular music for the first time.
And, they say, he led the development of the first truly American
theater music.
Jerome Kern was born into a middle-class family in New York City in 1885. Jerome's mother, Fanny, loved the piano. She began to teach Jerome how to play when he was very young.
Jerome was a quiet boy and not a top student. When he completed high school, his father said he would have to work in the family's store. But he later came to believe that Jerome might do better in music than in business after all. So he let the boy go to Europe to study music, as almost all serious young musicians did at the time.
Jerome Kern began his career as a songwriter in theaters in London and New York City. Success came quickly. By the early nineteen twenties, Kern was a successful young composer for Broadway musical comedies. In one three-year period alone, he wrote music for nineteen shows.
Kern wanted to try something completely new. He thought a musical play should be a real work of art, not just a collection of songs and dances. Kern wanted to do a truly American musical, with real American characters and real situations.
In 1927, he found the story he wanted. It was the book "Show Boat" by American writer Edna Ferber. "Show Boat" takes place in the 1880 on a passenger steam boat that travels along the Mississippi River.
Kern died in 1945 at the age of sixty. But "Show Boat" has been performed thousands of times all over the world.
B) 根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
You may not realize it, but you are doing much more than just studying when you are at school. School is a 72 the place where you learn to get along well with people. But this is not always easy. What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates?
If you d 73 that you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance(宽容). Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others. We cannot change the w 74 that other people do, so it is important to learn to live h 75 with them.
Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other. K 76 others constantly(不断地) makes us understand others’ differences.
Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad. Tolerance t 77 us to keep an even temper(温和的脾气) and an open mind.
You need to remember an old saying, “Treat others h78 you want to be treat ed.” You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, so it is important to treat them kindly too. If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it. No one is asking you to change who you are or what you believe in. Tolerance just means that you s 79 respect the differences in others and not to try to make them change.
It is important to practice tolerance, because it will make e 80 life easier. Learn to accept people for t 81 different abilities and interests. The world is very different, and practicing tolerance in your own school and city can help
六、书面表达(满分15分)
自你进入初中学习以来已近三年。现在的你与三年前相比一定发生了不小的变化吧。你能试着从以下几个方面进行回顾，并谈一谈你对自己这些变化的感受。
B.根据表格中所填内容，以“The Changes to Me”为题，写一篇小短文。
注意：
1、语言通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；
2、词数100左右，必须涵盖你在表格中所填写的所有信息,并作适当发挥。
3、文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。
The Changes to Me
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________
英语参考答案
一、单项选择
1-5 CBCDA 6-10 ABCDB 11-15 BDDAC
二、完形填空
16-20 D C B C B 21-25 A B C C C
三、阅读理解
26~30 B D D D A 31~35 A B B D B 36~40 C D A D B 41~45 B C A B B
四、填空
A. 46. twice 47. empty 48. hero 49. clapping 50. season
B. 51. cloudy 52. yourselves 53. excitement 54. fourth/4th
55. encourages 56. Unluckily
C. 57. sends a different message 58. Among 59. developing
60. made a difference 61. winners
五、阅读短文
A. 62. father 63. first 64. interest 65. became/was 66. wrote 67. different
68. works 69. made/changed 70. 68 71. developed
B. 72. also 73. discover 74. way(s) 75. happily 76. Knowing
77. teaches/tells 78. how 79. should 80. everyone’s/everybody’s/everyday
81. their
六、书面表达
评分标准建议：
1. 评分原则：
（1）本题总分15分，按5个档次给分。
（2）评分要求：先读文章，再定档次，最后评分。
（3）短文内容：过去和现在的变化每个要点各1分（共8分）；感受2分；开头2分，结尾2分。
（4）书写、词数：书写（1分）。如书写较差，影响信息传递，将分数降低一个档次。词数
少于80或多于120的，从总分中减去1分。
（5）评分时应注意内容表达、词汇和语法结构的使用是否准确、上下文是否连贯及语言表
述是否得体。
2. 各档次的给分范围和要求：
第五档（13～15分）：能写明全部要点，语言基本无误或有少量拼写错误，行文流畅，
表达清楚。
第四档（10～12分）：能写明大部份要点，语言有一些错误（句子结构或动词时态错误
1～2处），但行文基本流畅，表达基本清楚。
第三档（7～9分）：能写明一些要点，语言错误较多（句子结构或动词时态错误3～4处）但意思基本连贯，表达基本清楚。
第二档（4～6分）：能写明少数要点，语言错误多，意思不连贯，影响意思表达。
第一档（1～3分）：只能写出若干单词，无可读的句子。
关于社会管理创新的几点建议 XX 自成为广东省社会管理创新试点城市，XX 全力支持配合我市的试点工作，积极探索社会管理的新思路、新办法和新措施，强化政府的社会管理和公共服务职能，加快推进政府转型，不断推动社会管理创新工作向前迈进。本人在这里提几点建议：一、强化综治服务的责任，做好社会稳定工作在综治信访维稳工作中，必须充分发挥综治维稳信访中心的效能作用，全面推进平安 XX 建设。（一）加强社会矛盾纠纷排查调处和预警制度建设。认真落实定期加强社会矛盾纠纷排查调处和预警制度建设排查、领导包案、责任追究制度，有效预防和妥善处置群体性事件。加大社会治安重点地区和突出治安问题排查整治，深入开展矛盾纠纷排查调处活动，努力把问题解决在基层，化解在萌芽状态。加强对流动人口的服务管理工作，尤其要不断加强对外来务工流动人员的服务管理工作。（二）建立情报信息网络。加强与周边地区的沟通联系，建立健全建立情报信息网络。覆盖与周边地区的多层次、多渠道的情报信息网络，努力获取深层次、预警性、苗头性信息，在调解工作中掌握主动权。（三）落实社会稳定风险评估机制。定期召开分析会，对重大事项落实社会稳定风险评估机制。进行社会稳定风险评估，对基层事务要做到事前把关定向、事中跟踪督导、事后检查评估，从源头上防范和减少了农村矛盾纠纷，促进基层维稳工作由被动应付向超前预防的转变，为维稳工作被动变主动争取时机。二、科学定位政府职能，加强农村社会服务体系建设我市经济社会发展处于关键时期，各种机遇与矛盾并存，然后在农村工作方面, 尽管频频创新突破，收到显著成效，但随着经济社会的深入发展，也带来了一系列突出的社会问题,如：农村公共服务体系不健全，农村基层组织有待加强；农村基础设施条件薄弱；农村社会矛盾纠 1 纷突出，法制理念没有树立，弱势群体管理工作不到位；统筹城乡发展新格局没有完全建立。我们认识到，社会对政府在公共管理方面的要求已到了新的高度，这迫切要求进一步转变政府职能，更好地履行社会管理和公共服务职能。加强农村公共服务保障。一是加快完善农村社会保障制度。（一）加强农村公共服务保障。一是加快完善农村社会保障制度。要加大财政投入力度，不断巩固提升农村居民最低生活保障、新型农村合作医疗保险、新型农村社会养老保险、医疗救助“一站式”服务、成果。二是大力推进农村基础设施与文化设施建设。加强农村各项基础设二是大力推进农村 基础设施与文化设施建设。二是大力推进农村基础设施与文化设施建设施的建设，如交通道路、自来水、供电、康体设施等与生活息息相关的项目。三是坚持教育优先发展的原则。加大农村教育投入，着重促进学三是坚持教育优先发展的原则。三是坚持教育优先发展的原则前教育，提升义务教育水平，优化农村地区幼中小衔接和资源配置，规范建设师资队伍，加强对管理干部、教师的培训。一是加强村社区）（二）强化农村基层基础建设。强化农村基层基础建设。一
2016年中考英语专题训练(9A Unit3) 一、单项填空(20分) ( ) 1．1 never doubt Tom is an excellent student． A．whether B．that C．if D．how () 2．It was so 1ate at night，but the 1ights were still in my parents’bedroom． A．open B．closed C．on D．off ( ) 3．Your son just has a cold，Madam．There is nothing ． A．worried B．to worry C．to be worried D．to worry about ( ) 4．share your photos in the USA with us? A．How about B．Why not C．Why not you D．Would you like ( ) 5．1 wonder ． A．where does he live B．how old he is C．what is he doing D．how soon will he come back ( ) 6．The novels by Mo Yan are worth ． A．are written；reading B．are written：to be read C．written；reading D．written；to read ( ) 7．David was so excited at the good news that he could say a word．A．nearly B．easily C．mostly D，hardly ( ) 8．We must ourselves and our work． A．strict in；with B．be strict in；with C．be strict with；in D．strict with：in
南京市初中毕业生学业考试
英语
注意事项： 1. 本试卷共 8 页。全卷满分 90 分。考试时间为 90 分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在
答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。 2. 请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合. 再将自己的姓名、
考试证号用 0. 5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3. 答选择题必须用 2B 铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他
答案。答非选择题必须用 0. 5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。
选择题 (共 40 分)
一、单项填空(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分. 满分 15 分) 请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项. 并在答题卡上将该项
涂黑。
1. Here is Nancy’s plan for one week during her summer holiday.
What kind of plan is this?
A. A party plan.
B. A trip plan.
C. An exercise plan
D. An eating plan
2. Look! There ________ a photo of our English teacher in today’s newspaper!
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
3. Over 10, 000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing ________ May 7, 2017.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. by
4. —I go swimming every day.
—Wow! That’s a good ________. It keeps you healthy.
A. march
B. task
C. habit
D. dream
5. —Excuse me, but c an you tell me where the nearest bank is?
—Just ________ going for two more blocks and you’ll see it.
A. keep
B. to keep
C. keeping
D. keeps
6. —Did Alice tell you ________ to get to the station?
—Yes, she said we would meet there at ten.
A. how
B. what
C. when
D. where
7. —Who threw the empty bottles on the floor?
—I don’t know. They’re not ________. Ask Max, please.
A. I
B. me
C. my
D. mine
8. Linda and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by ________ next Sunday.
A. they
B. them
C. their
D. themselves
9. —Millie, ________ do you take the course in DIY?
—Every Saturday afternoon.
A. how long
B. how far
C. how much
D. how often
10. —Would you like some green tea?
—No, thanks. I ________ drink green tea. It hurts my stomach.
A. almost
B. seldom
C. only
D. still
2017年南京市鼓楼区中考第一次模拟考试——英语 选择题（共40分） 一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） （）1. our joy, our class came first in this year’s school football match. A.In B. At C. To D. For （）2.—Mum, I’m dying for food. Can we have dinner now? —Dear, let’s wait your dad comes back. A. when B. after C. until D. while （）3. I prefer to go to school by underground. It’s much because the traffic is too heavy on the road in the morning. A. quick B. quicker C. cheap D. cheaper （）4. If you want to be ,you must try your best and never give up. A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody （）5.—Excuse me, would you like mind helping me with the math problem? —I’m sorry. , I’m in a hurry. A. In general B. In fact C. By the way D. Of course （）6.—The river is becoming dirtier because the steel factory has put waste into it. —Yes. We must take action to improve the . A. condition B. pollution C. position D. situation （）7.Shanghai Disneyland has attracted millions of people since it in 2016 A. is opened B. was opening C. opened D. has opened （）8.—Kate, it’s midnight! Why stay up so late? —I’d like to go to bed earlier, but the test paper be handed in tomorrow morning. A. may B. should C. can D. must （）9.—I’m still wonde ring which school our son should choose. —him alone, he can make up his mind. A. Leave B. Keep C. Let D. Allow （）10.—What is the most popular TV programme this year, Li Hua? —I think Readers that by CCTV. A. is held B. are held C. is holding D. are holding （）11. Mary works very hard because she doesn’t want to in her lessons. A. fall down B. fall back C. fall over D. fall behind （）12. Nanjing Yangtse River Bridge was built in the 1960s is now under repair. A. who B. whose C. which D. what （）13.—Excuse me, could you tell me ? —Better walk there. It’s only about ten minutes’ walk. A. how far Suguo Supermarket is B. how far is Suguo Supermarket C. how can I get to Suguo Supermarket D. how I can get to Suguo Supermarket （）14.If you can’t read the article, it will be mean ingless to you. The –less in the word “meaningless” means . A. with B. without C. full of D. out of （）15.—I don’t think keeping pet dogs is a good idea. Dogs create a lot of trouble. —. In my opinion, it can help you become a person full of love. A. You are right B. Not really C. That’s a good idea D. Believe or not 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） In the early hours of 7 September 1838, one of the worst storms in history was roaring（咆哮）along the coast of England. The lighthouse keeper at a ship. “It will be gone in a few more minutes,” he said sadly. His daughter, Grace Darling, looking from an upstairs window, found the great ship had against the rocks and broken into halves. “Can’t we save them?” Grace asked when she saw the people on the ship. “Isn’t there any way to help them?” “No one can take a lifeboat out in that water,” her father answered. “The waves（浪）are too large.”
关于组织开展社会管理创 新 Ting Bao was revised on January 6, 20021
关于组织开展社会管理创新 维护社会稳定综合试点工作方案 为贯彻落实中央和市委、市政府关于加强社会建设、创新社会管理有关精神和部署，紧抓作为全市社会管理创新综合试点区的契机，积极创新工作机制，全面提升全区社会管理工作水平，促进全区社会管理建设，确保全区和谐稳定，探索建立具有特色的社会管理体系，特制定本工作方案。 一、指导思想和工作目标 以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，按照建设世界城市和“三个北京”的要求，立足首都功能核心区定位，认真分析全区社会建设和社会管理形势，准确把握当前全区维护安全稳定和社会治安综合治理工作中存在的薄弱环节和重点难点问题，积极借鉴全区网格化城市管理理念，拓展网格化管理内涵，延伸网格化管理领域，全面构建网格化社会管理体系，实现全区社会管理“全社会参与、全方位覆盖、全天候运行、全区域平安”的目标，努力探索形成与首都功能核心区相适应的社会管理新模式，为建设“国际化、现代化新城区”创造一流的社会环境。 二、工作重点 全区社会管理创新综合试点工作要紧紧围绕建立网格化社会管理体系为核心，重点突破、整体推进，务求在以下几方面有新突破、新发展。
（一）合理构筑覆盖全区的社会管理网络系统。要充分发挥现有体制优势，充分借助全区独具特色的城市管理网格体系，建立全区的社会管理网络。一是建立“四级”网格化社会管理组织体系，即在区、街道建立社会服务管理综合指挥中心、分中心，在社区建立社会服务管理综合工作站和网格单元。二是合理划分社会管理网格单元，以社区为基础，根据社区人、地、物、事、组织的分布状况，合理划分各网格单元的边界。三是合理配置社会管理资源。按照精细化管理要求，对各网格单元的人力、物力、财力资源进行优化配置。四是建立全区社会管理网格指挥平台，实现实体运作体系与网络指挥系统的高度统一。 （二）全面夯实全区社会治安防控体系。一是充分挖掘现有网络信息资源潜力，实行“四网合一”（社区网、治安网、巡逻网、内保网），实体网与虚拟网联动，进一步优化配置网格单元的专业社会管理力量。二是进一步优化群防群治体系，以社会管理网格单元的需求为基础，总结、提升治安防范“守望岗”工作经验，科学整合各类协管队伍、志愿服务队伍，构建全方位、立体式群防群控体系，杜绝防控“盲区”。三是进一步建立全区社会矛盾化解动态排查整治机制。坚持完善区级社会矛盾纠纷月排查制度，建立以社会管理网格单元为基础的实时动态排查整治制度，切实做到抓早抓小抓
初中毕业生学业考试 英语 注意事项： 1.本试卷共10页。全卷满分96分。考试时间为120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。 考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。 2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再 将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净 后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。 选择题（共45分） 一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1.---Do you know Mo Yan? ---Of course. He won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature _________ the age of 57. A. in B. at C. on D. to 2.---_________ film do you prefer, Lost in Thailand or Life of Pi, Madee? ---Lost in Thailand. I like comedies because they often make me laugh. A. What B. Whatever C. whose D. Which 3.---Why are you so excited today? ---We were told _________ a picnic this weekend. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 4.Linda’s father hates waiting in long lines. I think he’s just not very _______. A. patient B. talented C. popular D. powerful 5.---Finish your homework __________ you can’t play computer games, Jim. ---All right, Mum. A. but B. till C. and D. or 6.Mr White, the principal, has made a great _________ to the growth of the school. A. contribution B. progress C. invention D. protection 7.There __________ still some apple juice in the fridge. It’s not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now. A. was B. were C. is D. are 8.---Millie, where is Miss Li? ---She _________ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year students in the hall. A. gives B. gave C. is giving D. has given 9.---__________ weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake. ---Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Science Museum instead. A. What good B. How good C. How bad D. What bad 10.---Hi, guys. How was your party yesterday? ---Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed __________.
南京市2016年初中毕业生学业考试 英语 注意事项： 1.本试卷共8页。全卷满分90分。考试时间为90分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。 考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。 2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合， 再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净 后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。 选择题（共40分） 一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. Look at the picture. Diana is . A. the tallest B. the shortest C. taller than Jenny D. shorter than David 2. Helen is new here, so we know about her. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everthing 3. Yingqi Bird Nest Library, the smallest library in the world, was opened to the public in Nanjing’s Huashu Village the World Reading Day this year. A. on B. in C. at D. as 4. Last night the big fire in Sunshine Shopping Mall was started by the children playing with matches. , no one was hurt. A. Luckily C. Suddenly C. Easily D. Sadly 5. Can you help me those exercise books? I got a different number each time. A. carry C. move C. write D. count 6. —Are you going camping this afternoon? —A typhoon is coming. I’m not sure the road to the mountains will be closed. A. which B. what C. whether D. why 7. It took me almost a whole day to so many emails. A. deal with B. cut in C. cheer for D. run out 8. My sister is still very with me because I broke her new pencil box yesterday. A. popular B. satisfied C. honest D. angry 9. —Have you read the book Jane Eyre? —Yes. It’s a famous book and really worth . A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. read 10. It’s reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre in September this year. A. completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed
35个全国社会管理创新综合试点城市 2004年党的十六届四中全会提出要“加强社会建设和管理，推进社会管理体制创新”。 2007年党的十七大报告提出要“建立健全党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与的社会管理格局”。社会管理被纳入更完备的体系性框架之中，社会管理创新也就成为2009年底全国政法工作电视电话会议所强调的“社会矛盾化解、社会管理创新、公正廉洁执法”三项重点工作的组成部分之一。 2010年10月，中央政法委、中央综治委经过对全国90多个候选城市筛选选定全国35个市和县（市、区）作为全国社会管理创新综合试点，旨在通过这些试点在全国率先建立起与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的社会管理体系，对全国起到示范引领作用。 社会管理是政府职能的重要组成部分，但是，广义上的社会管理又不限于政府的社会管理职能，它还包括其他主体以及社会自身的管理。作为政府职能之一的社会管理，是指国家通过制定一系列社会政策和法规范，对社会组织和社会事务进行规范和引导，培育和健全社会结构，调整各类社会利益关系，回应社会诉求，化解社会矛盾，维护社会公正、社会秩序和社会稳定，维护和健全社会内外部环境，促进政治、经济、社会、文化和自然协调发展的一系列活动以及这些活动的过程。广义上的社会管理则是多元主体以多样化形式进行的上述活动以及这些活动的过程。 社会管理创新，是指在现有社会管理条件下，运用现有的资源和经验，依据政治、经济和社会的发展态势，尤其是依据社会自身运行规律乃至社会管理的相关理念和规范，研究并运用新的社会管理理念、知识、技术、方法和机制等，对传统管理模式及相应的管理方式和方法进行改造、改进和改革，建构新的社会管
英语中考试卷附参考答案 第一卷（选择题，共40分） 一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. – Excuse me, may I use your bicycle? ______ is broken. -- Certainly. But remember to return it before lunch. A. I B. Me C. Myself D. Mine 2. Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened ______ March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural Park this year. A. on B. at C. in D. to 3. -- _______ are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition, Amy ? -- To learn about different styles of school uniform. A. What B. Where C. Why D. Which 4. I was looking for a birthday gift for my mother, but I couldn’t find ______ suitable. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 5. – Simon, what do I need to take for the hiking? --You’d better ________ more water than usual. It’s hot today. A. to take B. take C. taking D. took 6. -- ____ brave Zhang Hua is! --Yes. He helped his neighbour, Mrs. Sun out of the fire. A. What a B. How C. .How a D.What 7. ______ Lin Feng has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face. A. Because B. If C. Until D. Though 8. – Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour. -- Because I ______ my task yet. I still need one more hour. A. won’t finish B. didn’t finish C. haven’t finished D. hadn’t finished 9. --- Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and ______ my bowls and dishes. --- He should be careful next time. A. knocked off B. took off C. showed off D. turned off 10. – David, could you tell me _________? -- Every four years. A. when the 2014 World Cup will finish B. how often the World Cup takes place C. how many teams take part in the World Cup D. who may score the most goals in the World Cup 11. – Do you enjoy Han Lei’s songs? -- Yes. He is the winner of I’m Singer II. I can’t think of anyone with a ______ voice. A. better B. best C. more D. most 12. We all know that learning a foreign language _______ time and effort. A. requires B. reduces C. removes D. repeats 13. We’re sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in the near future. A. improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved 14. –The documentary A Bite Of China II is quite popular around China recently. How do you like it? -- ______. A. I think so B. Pretty good C. It’s my pleasure D. All right
江苏省南京市2016年初中毕业生学业考试 英语答案解析 选择题 一、单项填空 1.【答案】C 【解析】句意：看这幅图。黛安娜比詹妮高。由图意可知，黛安娜比詹妮高，故选C。 【考点】形容的比较级和最高级的用法。 2.【答案】A 【解析】句意：海伦初来乍到，因此我们对她一无所知。nothing“无，没什么”；something“某些事”，常用于肯定句中；anything“任何事”，常用于否定句或疑问句中；everything“一切，每件事”。结合句意，故选A。 【考点】不定代词辨析。 3.【答案】A 【解析】句意：嘤栖鸟巢图书馆，世界上最小的图书馆，于今年“世界读书日”当天在南京桦墅村对公众开放。在具体某一天的前用介词on。故选A。 【考点】介词辨析。 4.【答案】A 【解析】句意：昨天晚上，阳光购物广场的一场大火灾是由正在玩火柴的孩子们引起的。幸运地是，没有人受伤。luckily“幸运地”；suddenly“突然”；easily“容易地”；sadly“令人悲伤地”。故选A。 【考点】副词辨析。 5.【答案】D 【解析】carry“搬运”；move“移动”；write“写”；count“数数”。由后句“我每次都会数错”可知，前句意为“你能帮我数数那些练习本吗”。故选D。 【考点】动词辨析。 6.【答案】C 【解析】句意：今天下午你将去野营吗？—台风就要来了。我不能确定上山的路是否会封闭。which“哪一个”；what“什么”；whether“是否”；why“为什么”。结合句意。故选C。 【考点】宾语从句引导词辨析。 7.【答案】A 【解析】句意：我花了几乎一整天的时间处理如此多的邮件。deal with“处理”；cut in“插队”；
<试卷设置部分> <科目与考试分类标签> <标签> <标签名称>英语<标签ID>2241 <其他属性标签> <标签> <标签名称>2016年<标签ID>104827 <标签> <标签名称>上海<标签ID>2382 <标签> <标签名称>中小学云平台<标签ID>63581 <标签> <标签名称>真题<标签ID>104409 <标签> <标签名称>中考真题<标签ID>160346 <标签> <标签名称>中考<标签ID>2331 <标签> <标签名称>中考<标签ID>94169 <试卷内容部分> <试卷描述> 2016年上海初中毕业生统一学业考试 英语试卷 考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。 Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力) I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分) A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片): (共6分)
1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. ______ 4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. ______ 【考点】听录音选图 【解答】1 ．C_______2 ．B_______3 ．H_______4 ．E_______5 ．A_______ 6 ．G A ．根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片，并在答题纸上填涂相应的字母代号，每个句子念两遍． 1 ．Ben and Jack are riding horses in the field ． 2 ．Will Peter take part in a table tennis match next Friday ？ 3 ．A small group of students lined up to get on the bus ． 4 ．It ' s Bill's first time to take a train all by himself ． 5 ．Jimmy lik es to read stories about space ，doesn't he ？
南京市2020年初中学业水平考试 英语 （全卷满分90分，考试时间90分钟） 选择题（共40分） 一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑． 1．We still know little about the Moon men have landed on it．（） A．if B．since C．although D．because 2．China's efforts to stop the spread of COVID-19 will the world's ability to limit the harm in the near future．（） A．imagine B．invent C．insist D．improve 3．Sorry，you can't take the dictionary away，Vicky．I it．（） A．used B．am using C．have used D．was using 4．Jenny just wondered Angela already knew about the event．（） A．how soon B．how many C．how often D．how much 5．By the time she was eight，Linda read English and French．（） A．could B．must C．need D．may 6．When Henry first came to Nanjing in 2010，it was all to him，but he soon learnt his way around．（） A．smooth B．slight C．strange D．successful 7．What a terrible experience! ，lucky us，we are safe now．（） A．Anyway B．Otherwise C．For example D．As a result 8．The poster says Basketball Computer Game_____________．（） A．is designed by Jack B．is only suitable for younger players C．is almost new and in good condition D．does not work on the seller's computer 9．Nanjing Zijinshan Insect Museum，which will be open to the public soon，was formed at the foot of Zhongshan April 2nd．（） A．in B．on C．at D．from 10．How delicious! Did the students make the fruit salad all by ？（） A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 11．---Which bicycle should I choose，sir？ ---It what you want to use it for．（） A．takes on B．carries on C．puts on D．depends on
安徽中考2016英语试卷 第二部分英语知识运用（共两大题，满分45分） VI. 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 31. —Nice to meet you, Mr Green. I’m Sandy and this is Brad, Ken and Emily. —______________ . A. See you later B. You’re welcome C. Pleased to meet you all D. You have a point there 32. Cathy has such a good________ that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year. A. sleep B. idea C. voice D. time 33. Helen has got two brothers. ________ of them likes chocolate, but she loves it. A. Neither B. None C. Each D. Any 34. When the baby dog________ , it was very hungry. So we gave it some food. A. is found B. was found C. has been found D. will be found 35. Mr. Black’s memory is getting________. As a result, he often leaves his keys at home. A. older B. poorer C. greater D. better 36. Many wild animals are________ , and it’s time for us to do whatever we can to protect them. A. on duty B. on show C. in order D. in danger 37. Please don’t make so much noise. I ________ hear the speaker very well. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 38. —Look at the stone bridge! Do you know ________ it was built? A. when B. how C. where D. why 39. Don’t hurry him. You will just have to be ________and wait until he finishes the work. A. active B. careful C. patient D. famous 40. For our own safety, it’s important to ________the traffic rules on the way to school. A. follow B. change C. make D. break 41. I saw Sam and David in the playground yesterday afternoon. They________ games with their classmates then. A. play B. will play C. are playing D. were playing 42. Taking some exercise every day will ________ fat and make you fit. A. turn to B. sell out C. burn off D. put on 43. ________, Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival by enjoying the full moon and eating mooncakes. A. Quickly B. Suddenly C. Secretly D. Traditionally 44. Our world will get better and better ________ each of us lives a greener life. A. before B. if C. though D. until