1993至2017年考研英语真题及标准答案

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture，its development into a specialized field is really quite recent。

Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be ___1___in a single large building。

The importance of interior design becomes 2 when we realize how much time we __3_ surrounded by four walls。

Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be _ 4 attractive and comfortable as possible。

We also expect 5 place to be appropriate to its use。

You would be 6 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 7 the inside of a restaurant。

And you wouldn’t feel 8 in a business office that has the appearance of a school。

It soon becomes clear that the interior designer's most important basic 9 is the function of the particular 10 。

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)1. The board deemed it urgent that these files ________ right away.[A] had to be printed[B] should have been printed[C] must be printed[D] should be printed2. The local health organization is reported ________ twenty-five years ago whenDr. Audon became its first president.[A] to be set up[B] being set up[C] to have been set up[D] having been set up3. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers________ for.[A] be demonstrating[B] demonstrate[C] had been demonstrating[D] have demonstrated4. Ted has told me that he always escapes ________ as he has got a very fast sportscar.[A] to fine[B] to be fined[C] being fined[D] having been fined5. More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California,________ in San Francisco.[A] previously[B] predominantly[D] permanently6. Prof. Lee’s book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.[A] that you have observed[B] that how you have observed[C] how that you have observed[D] how what you have observed7. All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.[A] were canceled[B] had been canceled[C] having canceled[D] having been canceled8. The new secretary has written a remarkably ________ report only in a few pagesbut with all the details.[A] concise[B] clear[C] precise[D] elaborate9. With prices ________ so much, it’s hard for the company to plan a budget.[A] fluctuating[B] waving[C] swinging[D] vibrating10. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ________ healthy.[A] preserve[B] stay[C] maintain[D] reserve11. Expected noises are usually more ________ than unexpected ones of the likemagnitude.[A] manageable[B] controllable[D] perceivable12. It isn’t so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works________.[A] above all[B] in all[C] at all[D] after all13. There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people thateveryone agrees ________ what constitutes a benefit to an individual.[A] on[B] with[C] to[D] in14. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ________ verylittle.[A] makes up for[B] adds up to[C] comes up with[D] puts up with15. A really powerful speaker can ________ the feelings of the audience to the feverof excitement.[A] work out[B] work over[C] work at[D] work up16. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ________ theexpenses of the trip.[A] to[B] about[C] in[D] for17. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the ________of maturity.[A] fulfillment[B] achievement[C] establishment[D] accomplishment18. From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that s omething sad ________.[A] must have occurred[B] would have occurred[C] might be occurring[D] should occur19. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ________ you don’t mindtaking the night train.[A] provided[B] unless[C] though[D] until20. Hardly a month goes by without ________ of another survey revealing new depthsof scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.[A] words[B] a word[C] the word[D] word21. If you ________ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on theright was strange.[A] shouldn’t contact[B] didn’t contact[C] weren’t to contact[D] hadn’t contacted22. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ________them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.[A] deprives[B] restricts[C] rejects23. I must go now. ________, if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.[A] Incidentally[B] Accidentally[C] Occasionally[D] Subsequently24. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, ________ theycan limit how much water you drink.[A] much more than[B] no more than[C] no less than[D] any more than25. Though ________ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to recordthe plain facts of small-town life.[A] raised[B] grown[C] developed[D] cultivated26. Most electronic devices of this kind, ________ manufactured for such purposes,are tightly packed.[A] that are[B] as are[C] which is[D] it is27. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ________ furnacefuel is allowed saved for the dawn.[A] what[B] that[C] which[D] such28. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is nota mysterious ________ without scientific basic.[A] process[C] procedure[D] program29. We cannot always ________ the wind, so new windmills should be so designed thatthey can also be driven by water.[A] hang on[B] count on[C] hold on[D] come on30. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ________ of vegetablesin the coming days.[A] rarity[B] scarcity[C] invalidity[D] varietySection II Reading ComprehensionEach of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (30 points)Text 1Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at aconstant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compare d with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling (咿呀学语), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31. The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was ________.[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any humanspeech[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child tospeak[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language32. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that________.[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly[B] they are exposed to too much language at once[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them33. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that ________.[A] he is born with the capacity to speak[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s[C] he can produce his own sentences[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing34. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man.[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.[C] The child’s brain is highly selective.[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages.35. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will in future ________.[A] have a high IQ[B] be less intelligent[C] be insensitive to verbal signals[D] not necessarily be backwardText 2In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again -- by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism inwhich maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities -- those of love and of reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.36. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the ideathat man is ________.[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function isnegligible[B] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society[C] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, thoughfunctioning smoothly[D] a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly37. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ________.[A] they are likely to lose their jobs[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence[D] they are deprived of their individuality and independence38. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those________.[A] who are at the bottom of the society[B] who are higher up in their social status[C] who prove better than their fellow-competitors[D] who could keep far away from this competitive world39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should________.[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities[D] take the fundamental realities for granted40. The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as oneof ________.[A] approval[B] dissatisfaction[C] suspicion[D] toleranceText 3When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.41. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] an approach to patents[B] the application for patents[C] the use of patents[D] the access to patents42. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or extendedif necessary.[B] It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes hisinvention public.[C] A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legalperiod is over.[D] One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attachedto the patent office.43. George Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because ________.[A] nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time[B] his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time[C] there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes[D] the colour TV receiver was not available until that time44. The word “plagiarize” (L ine 8, Para. 5) most probably means “________.”[A] steal and use[B] give reward to[C] make public[D] take and change45. From the passage we learn that ________.[A] an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced tocommercial practice[B] products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago[C] it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one[D] patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a searchthrough dead patentsSection III Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (15 points)Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designershave become important partly because of the many functions that might be 46in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 47 when we realize how muchtime we 48 surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be 49 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 50 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 51 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 52 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 53 in a business office that has theappearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic54 is the function of the particular 55. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and 56 few entries and exits will not work for 57 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 58. Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 59. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 60 addition, the designer must usuallyselect furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.46. [A] consisted[B] contained[C] composed[D] comprised47. [A] obscure[B] attractive[C] appropriate[D] evident48. [A] spend[B] require[C] settle[D] retain49. [A] so[B] as[C] thus[D] such50. [A] some[B] any[C] this[D] each51. [A] amused[B] interested[C] shocked[D] frightened52. [A] like[B] for[C] at[D] into53. [A] correct[B] proper[C] right[D] suitable54. [A] care[B] concern[C] attention[D] intention55. [A] circumstance[B] environment[C] surroundings[D] space56. [A] too[B] quite[C] a[D] far 57. [A] their[B] its [C] those [D] that 58. [A] painted[B] covered [C] ornamented [D] decorated 59. [A] solutions[B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations 60. [A] For[B] In [C] As [D] WithSection IV Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:A number of A foreign visitors were takenB to the industrial exhibition which Cthey saw Dmany new products. Answer [C] is wrong because the sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products.” So you should choose [C] and write the correction “where ” on the line.Sample Answer[A] [B] [●] [D] where61. He cannot tell the difference between true A praise and flattering Bstatementsmaking C only to gain Dhis favor.62. They want to expose those educational Adisadvantaged students to creative,enriching B educational experiences C for a five-year Dperiod.63. The changes that took A place in air travel during Bthe last sixty yearswould have seemed C completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientistsat Dthe turn of the 19th century. 64. I don ’t think it A advisable that he will be assigned Bto the job since he hasno C experience whatsoever D.65. Beethoven, the great musician, wrote Anine symphonies in his life, most of themwere written B after he had lost C his hearing D.66. Mr. Jankin regretted to blame A his secretary for B the mistake, for Che laterdiscovered Dit was his own fault.67. As for A the influence of computerization, nowhere we have seen Bthe resultsmore clearly than in the U.S.C , which really have surprised D us all.68. At times A , more care goes into Bthe composition of newspaper and magazineadvertisements than the writing C of features Dand editorials.69. It is required by law that a husband have to pay A the debts of his wife until Bformal notice is given that C he no longer has to pay her D.70. Over A the years, a large number of overseas students have studied Bat thatuniversity in the result C that it has D acquired substantial experience indealing with them.Section V English-Chinese TranslationRead the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentencesinto Chinese. (15 points)(71) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (72) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (73) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (74) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-known incident in one of Mol iere’s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. (75) Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind,though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.Section VI WritingDirections:[A] Title: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV[B] Time limit: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should startwith the given opening sentence: “Today more and more advertisement s areseen on the TV screen.”[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)OUTLINE:1. Present state2. Reasons3. My comments1993年考研英语真题答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section III: Cloze Test (15 points)Section IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)Section V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71. 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。

1993年考研英语真题精解精析1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容。

1993年试题题型与1992年相比，题型相同，难度维持在一个水平线上。

Section ⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。

接着分析原因：一是建筑物往往具有很多功能；二是人们大部分时间是在室内度过，因此希望其环境舒适宜人。

最后介绍室内设计者关注的基本问题是室内空间的功能。

【英汉对照】Although interior design has existed since thebeginning of architecture, its development into aspecialized field is really quite recent. Interior designershave become important partly because of the manyfunctions that might be 46 in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 47when we realize how much time we 48 surrounded byfour walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we wantour surroundings to be 49 attractive and comfortable aspossible. We also expect 50 place to be appropriate toits use. You would be 51 if the inside of yourbedroom were suddenly changed to look 52 the insideof a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 53 in abusiness office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’smost important basic 54 is the function of the particular 55. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poorsound-shaping qualities, and 56 few entries and exitswill not work for 57 purpose, no matter howbeautifully it might be 58. Nevertheless, for any kindof space, the designer has to make many of the samekind of 59. He or she must coordinate the shapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling tofloor. 60 addition, the designer must usually selectfurniture or design built-in furniture, according to thefunctions that need to be served.尽管室内设计自建筑业出现之初业已存在，但它发展成为一个专门的领域的历史却不长。

2017考研英语（一）、英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）来源：文都教育2017考研英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing th e common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxyt ocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.［A］Besides［B］Unlike［C］Throughout［D］Despite2.［A］equal［B］restricted［C］connected［D］inferior3.［A］view［B］host［C］lesson［D］choice4.［A］avoid［B］forget［C］recall［D］keep5.［A］collecting［B］affecting［C］guiding［D］involving6.［A］on［B］in［C］at［D］of7.［A］devoted［B］attracted［C］lost［D］exposed8.［A］along［B］across［C］down［D］out9.［A］imagined［B］denied［C］doubted［D］calculated10.［A］served［B］restored［C］explained［D］required11.［A］Thus［B］Still［C］Rather［D］Even12.［A］defeats［B］symptoms［C］errors［D］tests13.［A］highlighted［B］increased［C］controlled［D］minimized14.［A］presented［B］equipped［C］associated［D］compared15.［A］assess［B］generate［C］moderate［D］record16.［A］in the name of［B］in the form of［C］inthe face of［D］in the way of17.［A］attribute［B］commit［C］transfer［D］return18.［A］unless［B］because［C］though［D］until19.［A］remains［B］emerges［C］vanishes［D］decreases20.［A］experiences［B］combines［C］justifies［D］influences【答案】1—5 ACBAD 6—10 ADCDC 11—15 DBBCB 16—20 CABADSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_________.[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_________.[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is_________.[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best titlefor the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety.[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution.[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines.[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes.【答案】21—25 CCADCText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the pikothat connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT s ite was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_________.[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_________.[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_________.[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy_________.[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_________.[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】26—30 ABBADText 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a per son’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_________.[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_________.[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_________.[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson.[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health.[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being.【答案】31—35 CBDCAText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accep ting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court_________.[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves_________.[A] concrete returns for gift-givers[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on t he assumption that public officials are_________.[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to_________.[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is_________.[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.【答案】36—40 CCABDPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the listA-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] The first published ske tch, “A Dinner at Poiar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfull y insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a Drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the Change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. Amoralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dick ens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens’ mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens’ birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a sho e-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens’s greatest wound and became hisdeepest secret.He could not confined them even to hiswi fe, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.【答案】41—45 FEACGPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol.(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48) Manycountries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant. (50) It gives a basis to all organization which seeks to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【参考译文】(46)但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each sentence,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)1.The board deemed it urgent that these files________right away.[A]had to be printed[B]should have been printed[C]must be printed[D]should be printed2.The local health organization is reported________twenty-five years ago when Dr.Audonbecame its first president.[A]to be set up[B]being set up[C]to have been set up[D]having been set up3.The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers________for.[A]be demonstrating[B]demonstrate[C]had been demonstrating[D]have demonstrated4.Ted has told me that he always escapes________as he has got a very fast sports car.[A]to fine[B]to be fined[C]being fined[D]having been fined5.More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California,________in SanFrancisco.[A]previously[B]predominantly[C]practically[D]permanently6.Prof.Lee’s book will show you________can be used in other contexts.[A]that you have observed[B]that how you have observed[C]how that you have observed[D]how what you have observed7.All flights________because of the snowstorm,we decided to take the train.[A]were canceled[B]had been canceled[C]having canceled[D]having been canceled8.The new secretary has written a remarkably________report only in a few pages but withall the details.[A]concise[B]clear[C]precise[D]elaborate9.With prices________so much,it’s hard for the company to plan a budget.[A]fluctuating[B]waving[C]swinging[D]vibrating10.Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to________healthy.[A]preserve[B]stay[C]maintain[D]reserve11.Expected noises are usually more________than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.[A]manageable[B]controllable[C]tolerable[D]perceivable12.It isn’t so much whether he works hard;the question is whether he works________.[A]above all[B]in all[C]at all[D]after all13.There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees________what constitutes a benefit to an individual.[A]on[B]with[C]to[D]in14.All the information we have collected in relation to that case________very little.[A]makes up for[B]adds up to[C]comes up with[D]puts up with15.A really powerful speaker can________the feelings of the audience to the fever ofexcitement.[A]work out[B]work over[C]work at[D]work up16.Before the students set off,they spent much time setting a limit________the expenses ofthe trip.[A]to[B]about[C]in[D]for17.According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud,wisdom comes from the________ofmaturity.[A]fulfillment[B]achievement[C]establishment[D]accomplishment18.From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that something sad________.[A]must have occurred[B]would have occurred[C]might be occurring[D]should occur19.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting________you don’t mind taking the nighttrain.[A]provided[B]unless[C]though[D]until20.Hardly a month goes by without________of another survey revealing new depths ofscientific illiteracy among U.S.citizens.[A]words[B]a word[C]the word[D]word21.If you________Jerry Brown until recently,you’d think the photograph on the right wasstrange.[A]shouldn’t contact[B]didn’t contact[C]weren’t to contact[D]hadn’t contacted22.Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society,which________them therights and privileges of adults,although physically they are mature.[A]deprives[B]restricts[C]rejects[D]denies23.I must go now.________,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.[A]Incidentally[B]Accidentally[C]Occasionally[D]Subsequently24.There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take,________they can limithow much water you drink.[A]much more than[B]no more than[C]no less than[D]any more than25.Though________in San Francisco,Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plainfacts of small-town life.[A]raised[B]grown[C]developed[D]cultivated26.Most electronic devices of this kind,________manufactured for such purposes,are tightlypacked.[A]that are[B]as are[C]which is[D]it is27.As for the winter,it is inconvenient to be cold,with most of________furnace fuel isallowed saved for the dawn.[A]what[B]that[C]which[D]such28.Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious________without scientific basic.[A]process[B]practice[C]procedure[D]program29.We cannot always________the wind,so new windmills should be so designed that theycan also be driven by water.[A]hang on[B]count on[C]hold on[D]come on30.The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause________of vegetables in thecoming days.[A]rarity[B]scarcity[C]invalidity[D]varietySection II Reading ComprehensionEach of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(30points)Text1Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century,it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue,he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year.But clearly there was more than lack of language here.What was missing was good mothering.Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words.At three he knows about1,000words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is specialabout man’s brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a toy-bear with the sound pattern“toy-bear.”And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling(咿呀学语),grasping and smiling,and responds to them.Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31.The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was________.[A]to prove that children are born with the ability to speak[B]to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech[C]to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak[D]to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language32.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that________.[A]they are incapable of learning language rapidly[B]they are exposed to too much language at once[C]their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak[D]their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them33.What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that________.[A]he is born with the capacity to speak[B]he has a brain more complex than an animal’s[C]he can produce his own sentences[D]he owes his speech ability to good nursing34.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?[A]The faculty of speech is inborn in man.[B]Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.[C]The child’s brain is highly selective.[D]Most children learn their language in definite stages.35.If a child starts to speak later than others,he will in future________.[A]have a high IQ[B]be less intelligent[C]be insensitive to verbal signals[D]not necessarily be backwardText2In general,our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic(官僚主义的)management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages,well-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and“human-relations”experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless,that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it.In fact,the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious,not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job,they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence.From that moment on they are tested again and again--by the psychologists,for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors,who judge their behavior,sociability,capacity to get along,etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress,the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century“free enterprise”capitalism?Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason--are the aims of all social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end,and should be prevented from ruling man.36.By“a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is________.[A]a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible[B]working in complete harmony with the rest of the society[C]an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society,though functioningsmoothly[D]a humble component of the society,especially when working smoothly37.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that________.[A]they are likely to lose their jobs[B]they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life[C]they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence[D]they are deprived of their individuality and independence38.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those________.[A]who are at the bottom of the society[B]who are higher up in their social status[C]who prove better than their fellow-competitors[D]who could keep far away from this competitive world39.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should________.[A]resort to the production mode of our ancestors[B]offer higher wages to the workers and employees[C]enable man to fully develop his potentialities[D]take the fundamental realities for granted40.The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of________.[A]approval[B]dissatisfaction[C]suspicion[D]toleranceText3When an invention is made,the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it,keep the idea secret,or patent it.A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state,by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly(垄断)and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi;his1939patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until1971because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated,the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and,if older than half a century,sometimes even re-patent.Indeed,patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a deadpatent.Likewise,because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea,it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print.Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most“new”ideas are,in fact,as old as the hills.It is their reduction to commercial practice,either through necessity or dedication,or through the availability of new technology,that makes news and money.The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to1886.Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late19th and early20th century.Even the V olkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a1904patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.41.The passage is mainly about________.[A]an approach to patents[B]the application for patents[C]the use of patents[D]the access to patents42.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A]When a patent becomes out of effect,it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.[B]It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his inventionpublic.[C]A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.[D]One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patentoffice.43.George Valensi’s patent lasted until1971because________.[A]nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time[B]his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time[C]there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes[D]the colour TV receiver was not available until that time44.The word“plagiarize”(Line8,Para.5)most probably means“________.”[A]steal and use[B]give reward to[C]make public[D]take and change45.From the passage we learn that________.[A]an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice[B]products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago[C]it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one[D]patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through deadpatentsSection III Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C], and[D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(15points)Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture,its development into a specialized field is really quite recent.Interior designers have become important partlybecause of the many functions that might be大46家in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes大47家when we realize how much time we 大48家surrounded by four walls.Whenever we need to be indoors,we want our surroundings to be大49家attractive and comfortable as possible.We also expect 大50家place to be appropriate to its use.You would be大51家if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look大52家the inside of a restaurant.And you wouldn’t feel大53家in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic大54家is the function of the particular大55家.For example,a theater with poor sight lines,poor sound-shaping qualities,and大56家few entries and exits will not work for大57家purpose,no matter how beautifully it might be大58家.Nevertheless,for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of大59家.He or she must coordinate theshapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor.大60家addition,the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture,according to the functions that need to be served.46.[A]consisted[B]contained[C]composed[D]comprised47.[A]obscure[B]attractive[C]appropriate[D]evident48.[A]spend[B]require[C]settle[D]retain49.[A]so[B]as[C]thus[D]such50.[A]some[B]any[C]this[D]each51.[A]amused[B]interested[C]shocked[D]frightened52.[A]like[B]for[C]at[D]into53.[A]correct[B]proper[C]right[D]suitable54.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention[D]intention55.[A]circumstance[B]environment[C]surroundings[D]space56.[A]too[B]quite[C]a[D]far57.[A]their[B]its[C]those[D]that58.[A]painted[B]covered[C]ornamented[D]decorated59.[A]solutions[B]conclusions[C]decisions[D]determinations60.[A]For[B]In[C]As[D]WithSection IV Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Then,without altering the meaning of thesentence,write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) EXAMPLE:A number ofA foreign visitors were takenBto the industrial exhibition whichCthey sawDmany new products.Answer[C]is wrong because the sentence should read,“A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products.”So you should choose[C] and write the correction“where”on the line.Sample Answer[A][B][●][D]where61.He cannot tell the difference between trueA praise and flatteringBstatements makingConlyto gainDhis favor.62.They want to expose those educationalA disadvantaged students to creative,enrichingBeducational experiencesC for a five-yearDperiod.63.The changes that tookA place in air travel duringBthe last sixty years would have seemedCcompletely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists atDthe turn of the19th century.64.I don’t think itA advisable that he will be assignedBto the job since he has noCexperiencewhatsoeverD.65.Beethoven,the great musician,wroteAnine symphonies in his life,most of themwere writtenB after he had lostChis hearingD.66.Mr.Jankin regretted to blameA his secretary forBthe mistake,forChe later discoveredDitwas his own fault.67.As forA the influence of computerization,nowhere we have seenBthe results more clearlythan in the U.S.C ,which really have surprisedDus all.68.At timesA ,more care goes intoBthe composition of newspaper and magazine advertisementsthan the writingC of featuresDand editorials.69.It is required by law that a husband have to payA the debts of his wife untilBformal notice isgiven thatC he no longer has to pay herD.70.OverA the years,a large number of overseas students have studiedBat that universityin the resultC that it hasDacquired substantial experience in dealing with them.Section V English-Chinese TranslationRead the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15points)(71)The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.There is no more difference,but there is just the same kind of difference,between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales,and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.(72)It is not that the scales in the one case,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better,perhaps,if I give you some familiar examples.(73)You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法)and deduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws,and that out of these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.(74)And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.To hear all these large words,you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men;but if you will not be frightened by terms,you will discover that you are quite wrong,and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-known incident in one of Moliere’s plays,where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose(散文)during the wholeof his life.In the same way,I trust that you will take comfort,and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period.(75)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning,of the very same kind, though differing in degree,as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.Section VI WritingDirections:[A]Title:ADVERTISEMENT ON TV[B]Time limit:40minutes[C]Word limit:120-150words(not including the given opening sentence)[D]Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with thegiven opening sentence:“Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TVscreen.”[E]Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)OUTLINE:1.Present state2.Reasons3.My comments1993年考研英语真题答案Section I:Structure and Vocabulary(15points)1.[D]2.[C]3.[C]4.[C]5.[B]6.[D]7.[D]8.[A]9.[A]10.[B]11.[C]12.[C]13.[A]14.[B]15.[D]16.[A]17.[B]18.[A]19.[A]20.[D]21.[D]22.[D]23.[A]24.[D]25.[A]26.[B]27.[A]28.[A]29.[B]30.[B] Section II:Reading Comprehension(30points)31.[B]32.[C]33.[C]34.[B]35.[D]36.[C]37.[D]38.[D]39.[C]40.[B]41.[D]42.[C]43.[B]44.[A]45.[A] Section III:Cloze Test(15points)46.[B]47.[D]48.[A]49.[B]50.[D]51.[C]52.[A]53.[C]54.[B]55.[D]56.[A]57.[B]58.[D]59.[C]60.[B] Section IV:Error-detection and Correction(10points)61.[C]made62.[A]educationally63.[A]have taken64.[B](should)be assigned65.[B]written66.[A]having blamed67.[B]have we seen68.[C]into the writing69.[D]to pay them70.[C]with the resultSection V:English-Chinese Translation(15points)71.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。

1993年试题与分析Section ⅠUse of EnglishAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be ___1___in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 2 when we realize how much time we __3_ surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be _ 4 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 5 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 6 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 7 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 8 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon beco mes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 9 is the function of the particular 10 . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and 11 few entries and exits will not work for 12 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 13 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 14 _. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 15 _addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served1. [A] consisted [B] contained [C] composed [D] comprised2. [A] obscure [B] attractive [C] appropriate [D] evident3. [A] spend [B] require [C] settle [D] retain4. [A] so [B] as [C] thus [D] such5. [A] some [B] any [C] this [D] each6. [A] amused [B] interested [C] shocked [D] frightened7. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into8. [A] correct [B] proper [C] right [D] suitable9. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention10. [A] circumstance [B] environment [C] surroundings [D] space11. [A] too [B] quite [C] a [D] far12. [A] their [B] its [C] those [D] that13. [A] painted [B] covered [C] ornamented [D] decorated14. [A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations15. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] with一、文章大意首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。

1993年考研英语真题精解精析1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容。

1993年试题题型与1992年相比，题型相同，难度维持在一个水平线上。

Section ⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。

接着分析原因：一是建筑物往往具有很多功能；二是人们大部分时间是在室内度过，因此希望其环境舒适宜人。

最后介绍室内设计者关注的基本问题是室内空间的功能。

【英汉对照】Although interior design has existed since thebeginning of architecture, its development into aspecialized field is really quite recent. Interior designershave become important partly because of the manyfunctions that might be 46 in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 47when we realize how much time we 48 surrounded byfour walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we wantour surroundings to be 49 attractive and comfortable aspossible. We also expect 50 place to be appropriate toits use. You would be 51 if the inside of yourbedroom were suddenly changed to look 52 the insideof a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 53 in abusiness office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’smost important basic 54 is the function of the particular 55. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poorsound-shaping qualities, and 56 few entries and exitswill not work for 57 purpose, no matter howbeautifully it might be 58. Nevertheless, for any kindof space, the designer has to make many of the samekind of 59. He or she must coordinate the shapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling tofloor. 60 addition, the designer must usually selectfurniture or design built-in furniture, according to thefunctions that need to be served.尽管室内设计自建筑业出现之初业已存在，但它发展成为一个专门的领域的历史却不长。

答案解析1.［答案］D［注释］句中it是形式宾语，urgent是形容词，作宾补，that从句是宾语从句。

与urgent有关的从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式是(should)+动词原形。

类似的形容词有：advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,important,imperative,necessary,possible,probable,strange,natural,preferable,vital等。

2.［答案］C［注释］is reported后可接不定式作主语补足语，不接现在分词或动名词，所以首先排除［B］，［D］。

句中有twenty five years ago这一状语，表明不定式的动作是已经发生了的动作，所以应该用不定式的完成式。

3.［答案］C［注释］that引导的从句是demands的定语从句。

主句中谓语动词用了一般过去时listened;时间状语中的谓语read也是一般过去时，所以根据意思，定语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成进行时。

有不少考生选择［B］，那是错误地认为that从句是宾语从句，他们认为从句中的动词是省略了should的虚拟语气。

4.［答案］C［注释］动词escape后要接动名词作宾语，不用不定式，［A］，［B］可以首先排除。

因为escapes 前面有状语always修饰，所以用动名词的一般式，being fined是动名词一般式的被动式。

5.［答案］B［注释］predominantly 是“主要地”。

［A］previously 是“原先，以前”；［C］practically 是“实际上”；［D］permanently 是“永久地，永远地”。

6.［答案］D［注释］how是连接副词，引导宾语从句。

how后的what是关系代词型的what=the thing which。

what you have observed是宾语从句中的主语从句。

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be ___1___in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 2 when we realize how much time we __3_ surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be _ 4 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 5 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 6 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 7 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 8 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 9 is the function of the particular 10 . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and 11 few entries and exits will not work for 12 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 13 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 14 _. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 15 _addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served1. [A] consisted [B] contained [C] composed [D] comprised2. [A] obscure [B] attractive [C] appropriate [D] evident3. [A] spend [B] require [C] settle [D] retain4. [A] so [B] as [C] thus [D] such5. [A] some [B] any [C] this [D] each6. [A] amused [B] interested [C] shocked [D] frightened7. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into8. [A] correct [B] proper [C] right [D] suitable9. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention10. [A] circumstance [B] environment [C] surroundings [D] space11. [A] too [B] quite [C] a [D] far12. [A] their [B] its [C] those [D] that13. [A] painted [B] covered [C] ornamented [D] decorated14. [A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations15. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] with文章大意首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。