Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and
D.. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1.Though sometimes he makes mistakes, we can’t doubt his loyalty _______ the company.
A. in
B. with
C. of
D. to
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：虽然他有时会犯错误，但我们不能怀疑他对公司的忠诚。A.in在......里； B.with 和；C.of ......的；D.to对。loyalty to为固定搭配，意为“对……忠诚”。分析句意可知，此处表示对公司忠诚。故选D。
2.Our father _______ sit in the yard every evening and share his childhood stories with us when we were little kids.
A. might
B. would
C. should
D. could
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：当我们还是小孩子的时候，父亲每天晚上都会坐在院子里，和我们分享他童年时的故事。would常常表示过去的某个时间段经常做的事情。根据句意可知，此处应用would。故选B。
3.In order to promote the new product, the advertiser spared _______ energy _______ money to make huge billboards（广告牌）.
A. neither ... nor
B. either ... or
C. not only ... but also
D. not ... but
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查连词短语。句意：为了推广新产品，广告商不仅花费精力而且花费金钱来制作巨大的广告牌。
A. neither ... nor 既不……也不……；
B. either ... or或是……或是……；
C. not only ... but also不但……而且……；
D. not ... but不是……而是……。分析句意可知，此处表示广告商花费精力和金钱来制作广告牌。故选C。
4.After a 30-year hull（平静）, the U. S. is once again being visited by hurricanes _______ the ones that battered （重创）the Eastern seaboard in the 1940s, 50s and 60s.
A. the size of
B. the size as
C. of the size as
D. as the size of
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：平静了30年之后，美国再次被飓风袭击，其规模和20世纪40年代、50年代和60年代重创东部沿海地区的飓风规模一样。此处是短语“the size of+名词”，意思为“……的大小”，在句中作后置定语，相当于定语从句which is the size of …。故选A项。
5.Andrew is such a rebellious person that he often offends against _______ others consider accepted rules.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词。句意：Andrew是一个非常叛逆的人，他经常违反别人认为已被接受的规则。分析句子结构可知本句为宾语从句，从句中consider后缺少宾语，且指代事物应用what引导。故选B。
6.In the darkness we felt our way forward, trying to cross the stream _______ it was shallowest.
A. in which
B. that
C. as
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在黑暗中，我们摸索着前进，试图从小溪最浅的地方穿过小溪。本句为定语从句修饰先行词stream，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where。A选项in which，从句中动词无法与in连用，故不能选A；B选项that在从句中作主语或宾语，不符合；C选项as引导
非限制性定语从句，本句为限制性定语从句，与题干不符。故选D。
7.It was through her small but very powerful words _______ she said everything that needed to be said, and it truly changed my life.
A. which
B. that
C. in which
D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：她就是通过她那细小但很有力量的话语，把该说的都说了出来，真正改变了我的人生。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句结构“it is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他”，被强调部分为through her small but very powerful words。故用that。故选B。
8.When we start gazing into the night sky with a telescope, the realization will suddenly come over us _______ we and our world are part of this giant system.
A. as
B. where
C. that
D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：当我们开始用望远镜凝视夜空时，我们会突然意识到我们和我们的世界都是这个巨大系统的一部分。分析句子结构，“we and our world are part of this giant system”是同位语从句，先行词是the realization；同位语从句中不缺少任何成分，因此用that引导从句。故选C项。
9.The background music is such wonderful music _______ is played in the background to put you in a particular mood.
A. what
B. that
C. as
D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：背景音乐就是这样美妙的音乐，是在背景中播放，让你有一种特别的心情。当先行词被such/as/so/the same修饰时，从句中缺少主语、宾语和表语时，定于从句需用as引导。本句先行词wonderful music前有such修饰，故用as引导定语从句。故选C。
10._______ they are nutritious is not a factor temping enough to get you eating more fruit and vegetables, here’s some news that may convince you -- they make you look good too.
A. That
B. As whether
C. Whether
D. If that
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查状语从句和主语从句引导词。句意：如果它们是有营养的不是一个足以让你吃更多的水果和蔬菜的因素的话，这里有一些可能会说服你的消息——也会让你看起来很好。分析整个句子可知，先是if 引导的状语从句If that they are nutritious is not a factor temping enough to get you eating more fruit and vegetables，是主句here’s some news that may convince you的条件状语。而在if的条件从句中又有一个主语从句that they are nutritious，因为该主语从句中不缺少任何成分，且句意完整，所以用连接词that引导。因此，在整个句子中，两个引导词缺一不可。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
In Times of Crists, We Need Classical Music
It’s sti ll lying in front of me on my desk. The booklet, entitled Time for Outrange(愤怒) , was written by the 93-year-old French diplomat(外交官) Stephane Hessel. “The power of money,” Hessel says, filled with anger, “has never been as great and selfish and ___11___ a s it is now.”
But what does the outrage of this Frenchman have to do with classical music and , ultimately, with me, music director of the Orchestre Symphenique de Montreal(蒙特利尔交响乐团) ?
A lot, I, too, am outraged by the direction of industrial society, with materialism and consumerism leading the way. I want to show that, because of its powerful impact, classical music can play a(n) ___12___ role right now.
We all sense that our society is experiencing an almost revolutionary ___13___. Life is getting faster, competition is fiercer and social cohesion(凝聚力) is reducing. Like most people, I have no idea how liberty and civil rights would develop in the era of globalization and ever-evolving technological advancement.
But I see this as an opportunity for a(n) ___14___ to classical music. The great symphonies of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are not museum pieces we should listen to only if we want to ___15___ ourselves with some music history. Now are they a decoration or a relaxation exercise for the quickened pace of life.
They are more than what a radio station for classical music once promised - “your oasis(绿洲) of well-being.” They are timeless compositions that ___16___ all the uncertainties and insecurities of this new period. They can support us in our search for meaning. Beethoven, for example, was convinced that man had the capacity to change for the better and to go throughout life. This is why there is so much hope in his music. His symphonies was mean to ___17___ people forward.
Classic music ___18___ our senses and emotions in such a way that we were thrown back onto ourselves. It ___19___to listeners to make use of their own reason and reflect on their actions. Music’s sole purpose is to be experienced. That experience, in turn, is why music can change our perceptions(认知) of ourselves and thereby our interactions with others.
____20____ to explain this powerful impact of music will always remain unsatisfying, but this much is certain: aesthetic(审美的) experiences can transform people.
【答案】11. AB12. D
13. CD14. B
15. AC16. AD
17. A18. C
19. BD20. ABC
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。作者由一本书中对于金钱的观点引发思考，作者对工业社会的发展方向感到愤怒，物质
主义和消费主义引领着社会的发展方向。生活节奏越来越快，竞争越来越激烈，社会凝聚力也在降低。但
是作者认为这正是一个回归古典音乐的机会，并说明了古典音乐能够产生的一些益处，表示审美体验可以
改变人。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“金钱的力量，”Hessel愤怒地说，“从来没有像现在这样伟大、自私和无奈。”根
据上文great and selfish and可知应填形容词，且表示“无奈的”形容词为helpless。故填helpless。故选AB。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我想证明，由于古典音乐的强大影响力，它现在可以发挥重要的作用。结合句意表示
“发挥重要作用”短语为play a significant role。故填significant。故选D。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：我们都感到我们的社会正在经历一场几乎是革命性的变革。根据上文an almost revolutionary 可知应填单数名词，且表示“变革”名词为transformation。故填transformation。故选CD。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：但我认为这是一个回归古典音乐的机会。根据上文a可知应填单数名词，且表示“回归”
名词为return。故填return。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：只有当我们想熟悉一些音乐史的时候，我们才应该去听贝多芬的作品。结合句意表示“熟
悉”结合给出的单词可知动词familiarize，且根据上文want to do sth.可知应填动词原形。故填familiarize。
故选AC。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：它们是永恒的组成部分，解决了这个新时期所有的不确定性和不安全感。此处为定语从
句，从句中缺少谓语，表示“解决”结合给出的单词可知应填动词address，且从句中谓语与先行词
compositions保持一致，由上文are可知时态为一般现在时，故从句谓语动词用动词原形。故填address。故
选AD。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：他的交响乐是为了推动人们前进。结合句意表示“推动”结合给出的单词可知应填drive，结合上文be mean to do sth.可知应填动词原形。故填drive。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：古典音乐以这样一种方式调动我们的感觉和情感，让我们回到自己身上。本句中缺少谓语动词，且表示“调动”结合给出的单词可知应填mobilize，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Classic music，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填mobilizes。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：它吸引听众利用他们自己的理由和反思他们的行动。句中缺少谓语动词，且表示“吸引”可知短语appeal to，此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填appeals。故选BD。
【20题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：解释音乐的这种强大影响的尝试总是不能令人满意，但有一点是肯定的：审美体验可以改变人。此处做主语，表示“尝试”结合给出的单词可知应填名词attempt，attempt为可数名词，前面没有冠词，故用复数形式。故填attempts。故选ABC。
Ⅲ. Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there four words or phrase market A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different ___21___Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivate committed than male managers?
Some research ___22___ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs. such as greater ___23___, an emphasis on attachment, and a willingness to involve ___24___ factors in making workplace decisions. These differences are seen to carry advantages for companies, because they expand the range of techniques that can be used to help the company ___25___ its workforce effectively.
A study undertaken by the International Women’s Forum discovered a management style used by some women managers that differs from the command-and-control style ___26___used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” approach, women encourage___27___, share power and information, enhance other people’s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these things reflect their belief that ___28___ employees to contribute and to feel ___29___ and important is a win-win situation -- good for the employees and the organization. the study’s director predicted that “interactive leadership might emerge ___30___ the management style of choice for many organizations.”
21. A. assignments B. opportunities C. advantages D. techniques
22. A. supports B. drops C. opposes D. approves
23. A. authority B. competition C. aggressiveness D. cooperativeness
24. A. positive B. countless C. emotional D. commercial
25. A. employ B. manage C. assess D. arrange
26. A. barely B. traditionally C. effectively D. occasionally
27. A. participation B. concentration C. creativity D. imagination
28. A. requiring B. expecting C. commanding D. allowing
29. A. faithful B. powerful C. skillful D. thoughtful
30. A. into B. from C. as D. with
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。一些研究支持这样一种观点，当女性成为管理者时，女性给管理工作带来了不同的态度和技能，比如更强的合作性、对依恋的重视，以及在做出工作决策时愿意将情感因素纳入其中。文章同时说明了女性管理者的“互动领导”方法的益处，且预测这一方法可能会成为许多组织选择的管理风格。【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当女性成为管理者时，她们是否带来不同的风格和技术？A. assignments作业；
B. opportunities机会；
C. advantages优势；
D. techniques技术。根据第二段中they expand the range of techniques可知此处指女性成为管理者时，她们是否带来了不同的风格和技术。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些研究支持这样一种观点，即女性给管理工作带来了不同的态度和技能，比如更强的合作性、对依恋的重视，以及在做出工作决策时愿意将情感因素纳入其中。A. supports支持；B. drops 落下；C. opposes反对；D. approves批准。根据后文the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs可知女性给管理工作带来了不同的态度和技能，一些研究是支持这一种观点的。故选A。【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些研究支持这样一种观点，即女性给管理工作带来了不同的态度和技能，比如更强的合作性、对依恋的重视，以及在做出工作决策时愿意将情感因素纳入其中。A. authority权威；B. competition竞争；C. aggressiveness攻击性；D. cooperativeness合作性。结合后文an emphasis on attachment, and a willingness to involve可知此处是在说明女性给管理工作带来的一些好处，既然是管理工作那么肯定是
强调其中的合作性。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些研究支持这样一种观点，即女性给管理工作带来了不同的态度和技能，比如更强的合作性、对依恋的重视，以及在做出工作决策时愿意将情感因素纳入其中。A. positive积极的；
B. countless无数的；
C. emotional情感的，情绪的；
D. commercial商业的。根据下一代中enhance other people's self-worth, and
get others excited about their work.可推知，此处指女性管理者在做出工作决策时愿意将情感因素纳入其中。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些差异被认为对公司有利，因为它们扩大了可以用来帮助公司有效管理员工的技术范围。A. employ雇佣；B. manage管理；C. assess评估；D. arrange安排。根据后文its workforce effectively.可知此处指女性管理的这些优点扩大了可以用来帮助公司有效管理员工的技术范围。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：国际妇女论坛进行的一项研究发现，一些女性经理使用的管理风格不同于男性经理传统使用的命令和控制风格。A. barely仅仅；B. traditionally传统上；C. effectively有效地；D. occasionally 偶尔。根据上文the command-and-control style以及后文中Using this “interactive leadership” approach可知一些女性管理者使用的管理风格不同于男性管理者传统上使用的命令和控制风格，女性管理者使用的是“互动领导”的方法。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：使用这种“互动领导”的方法，女性鼓励参与，分享权力和信息，提高其他人的自我价值，并让其他人对自己的工作感到兴奋。A. participation参与；B. concentration集中；C. creativity 创造力；D. imagination想象力。结合后文share power and information可知女性分享权力和信息，从而鼓励员工的参与。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都反映了他们的信念，即让员工贡献，让他们感觉自己是强大的，是重要的，这是一种双赢的局面——对员工和组织都有好处。A. requiring要求；B. expecting期待；C. commanding 指挥；D. allowing允许。结合后文employees to contribute and to feel可知女性管理者鼓励参与，分享权力和信息，让员工贡献。短语allow sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都反映了他们的信念，即让员工贡献，让他们感觉自己是强大的，是重要的，这是一种双赢的局面——对员工和组织都有好处。A. faithful忠实的；B. powerful强大的；C. skillful 熟练的；D. thoughtful体贴的。根据后文and important可知女性管理者的信念让员工感觉自己是强大
（powerful）的，重要的。其它选项不符合语境。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查介词辨析。句意：该研究的主管预测，“互动领导可能会成为许多组织选择的管理风格。”A. into到……里面；B. from从……起；C. as作为，正如；D. with和。根据后文the management style of choice for many organizations.可知此处指互动领导可能会成为许多组织选择的管理风格。短语emerge as“成为”。故选C。Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
The easy way out isn’t always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn't have to face Doug laughing at my work, I went on preparing the rest of the meal, and, when Doug got home, we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin. Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing.
I had to admit what the ‘living thing’ was and why it was there. I don’t know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing, Doug or me.
31. The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ________.
A. to tell an interesting experience
B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty
C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
32. Why did the woman’s attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful?
A. The canned orange had gone bad.
B. She didn’t use the right kind of flour.
C. The cookbook was hard to understand.
D. She did not follow the directions closely.
33. Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin?
A. She didn’t see the use of keeping it
B. She meant to joke with her husband.
C. She didn’t want her husband to see it.
D. She hoped it would soon dry in the sun.
34. What made the dough in the rubbish bin look frightening?
A. The rising and falling movement.
B. The strange-looking marks.
C. Its shape.
D. Its size.
35. When Doug went out the third time, the woman looked out of the window because she was ________.
A. surprised at his being interested in the bin
B. afraid that he would discover her secret
C. unhappy that he didn't enjoy the meal
D. curious to know what disturbed him
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者原本想做面包结果失败，为了不让丈夫嘲笑，把失败的面团扔到外面的垃圾桶里。中午吃饭的时候，因为听到外面不停的发出声音，丈夫几次跑出去看。结果发现经过太阳的暴晒，垃圾桶内的面团发酵，涨大，真相露出水面，两人都感到很尴尬。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文可知，这是妻子和丈夫之间一次有趣的经历。文中并没有关于out of difficulty的内容，B选项排除；没有提到作者是newly married，排除C；文中的重点并不在于to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books，排除D。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks.由此可知，作者没有遵守烹饪书上的指示，导致失败。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn't have to face Doug laughing at my work,由此可知，作者不想被Doug嘲笑所以把失败的面团扔进垃圾桶，故选C。【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母)made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing.根据这句，及前文中Doug拿棍子戳垃圾桶，可以判断，由于酵母发酵所产生了升降运动。答案为A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing.由此可知，Doug 第三次起身时，作者好奇地跟了出去，想知道什么打扰到他。故选D。
B
There are few more sobering online activities than entering data college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can comfort themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.
A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”— to the amount college graduates earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but he come back with a vengeance since the 1980s. In 2005, the typical full-time year-round U. S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.
There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to at tend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-2008) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely.
No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investm ent, but rather as a consumer
product —like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.
As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal - arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine - biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid; an expensive sunburned product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.
36. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?
A. Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.
B. It doesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college education.
C. College education is rewarding in spite of the shocking costs.
D. Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns.
37. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century. _______.
A. enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities
B. the labor market preferred high-school to college graduates
C. competition for university admissions was far more fierce than today
D. the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed
38. Students who attend an in-state college or university can _______.
A. save more on tuition
B. receive a better education
C. take more liberal-arts courses
D. avoid traveling long distances
39. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?
A. Their employment prospects after graduation.
B. A satisfying experience within their budgets .
C. Its facilities and learning environment.
D. Its ranking among similar institutions.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。经济学家认为尽管上大学花费惊人，大学教育还是值得的。一项研究指出，2005年，拥有四年制大学学位的全职美国工人年收入为50,900美元，比只有高中文凭的工人31,500美元多62%。毫无疑问，上大学是明智的经济选择。文章将不同的大学的费用进行了对比，说明了人们选择大学时考虑到的
因素。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can comfort themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.可知但经济学家表示，那些即将负债为四年聚会和学习提供资金的家庭，可以通过这样一种认识来安慰自己：上大学是一项投资，与许多银行股票不同，它应该会产生巨额红利。由此可推知，经济学家认为尽管上大学花费惊人，大学教育还是值得的。故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”— to the amount college graduates earned—decreased for much of the 20th century (两位哈佛经济学家在2008年的一项研究中指出，“劳动力市场对技能的溢价”——大学毕业生的收入——在20世纪的大部分时间里都在下降)以及In 2005, the typical full-time year-round U. S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.可知2005年，拥有四年制大学学位的典型全职美国工人全年收入为50,900美元，比仅有高中文凭的工人收入31,500美元高出62%。由此可知，这两位哈佛经济学家在他们的研究中指出，在20世纪的大部分时间里，大学毕业生和高中毕业生之间的收入差距缩小了。故选D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-2008) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely.可知去哥伦比亚大学（2007-2008年学费、食宿费49,260美元）比以州外学生身份去科罗拉多大学博尔德分校（35,542美元）收益高40%吗？可能不会。作为科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的州外学生，其收入是否是本州的学生的两倍（17,380美元）呢？不太可能。由此可知，上本州的学院或大学的学生可以节省更多的学费。故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets.可知和汽车一样，消费者在今天的大学市场上有大量的选择，人们在他们的预算范围内寻找最舒适和满意的大学。由此可知，现在学生选择大学时主要考虑的是在预算范围内的满意体验。故选B。
C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can
be used only once. Note that there two more sentences than you need.
“What do you want to be when you grow up?”When I was a kid,I felt anxious about the question, because I never had a good answer. Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn’t dreaming of becoming something grand or heroic, like a filmmaker or an astronaut.
In college, I finally realized that I didn’t want to be one thing. I wanted to do many things. So I found a workaround: I became an organizational psychologist. My job is to fix other people’s jobs. I get to experience them indirectly—I’ve gotten to explore how filmmakers blaze new trails(开创先河)and how astronauts build trust.
___40___
My first complaint with the question is that it forces kids to define themselves in terms work. When you’re asked what you want to be when you grow up, it’s not socially acceptable say, “A father,” or, “A mother,” let alone, “A person of integrity(诚实正直)”. This might be of the reasons many parents say their most important value for their children is to car about others, yet their kids believe that top value is success. ____41____
The second problem is the implication that there is one calling(使命感) out the everyone. Although having a calling can be a source of joy, research shows that search one leaves students felling lost and confused. And even if you’re lucky enough to stum a calling, it might not be a viable(切实可行的) career. My colleagues and I have form callings often go unanswered: ___42___
If you manage to overcome those obstacles, there is a third hurdle: Careers rarely your childhood dreams. In one study, looking for the ideal job left college seniors feeling more anxious, stressed, overwhelmed and depressed throughout the process satisfied with the outcome. ___43___ Sure, you might be a little less excited to take it, but on average you end up more productive and less likely to quit.
I’m all for encouraging youngsters to aim high and dream big. But take it who studies work for a living: those aspirations should be bigger than work . As they want to be leads them to claim a career identity they might never want invite them to think about what kind of person they want to be -- and about things they might want to do.
A. Many career passions don’t pay the bills, and many of us just don’t have t he talent.
B. Extensive evidence shows that instead of painting a rosy picture of a job, you’re better off having a realistic preview of what it’s really like.
C. People who graduate from college during a recession(经济衰退) are more satisfied with their work three decades later.
D. I have become convinced that asking youngsters what they want to be does them harm.
E. When we define ourselves by our jobs, our worth depends on what we achieve.
F. Your job is not always going to fulfill you.
【答案】40. D 41. E 42. A 43. B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章认为人们不应该再孩子“你长大后想做什么?”，因此这对他们有害。文章中作者说明了“你长大后想做什么?”这句话存在的三个问题，最后作者指出：志向应当不局限于工作。问孩子他们想当什么会使他们去追求一个他们也许永远都不想争取的职业身份。相反，请他们思考一下他们想成为什么样的人——并想想他们可能想做的各种不同的事情。
【40题详解】
根据上文In college, I finally realized that I didn’t want to be on e thing. I wanted to do many things. So I found a workaround: I became an organizational psychologist. My job is to fix other people’s jobs. I get to experience them indirectly—I’ve gotten to explore how filmmakers blaze new trails and how astronauts build trust.可知在大学里，我终于意识到我不想成为一个什么样的人。我想做很多事情。所以我找到了一个变通的办法:我成为了一名组织心理学家。我的工作是解决别人的工作。我可以间接地体验它们——我可以探索电影制作人是如何开拓创新的，以及宇航员是如何建立信任的。以及第四段第一句My first complaint with the question is that it forces kids to define themselves in terms work.可知我对这个问题的第一个抱怨是，它迫使孩子们用工作来定义自己。由此可知，作者通过自己的亲身经历，发现自己并不只想做某一种职业，因此可推知作者并不支持问年轻人将来想做什么职业。故D选项“我相信问年轻人想做什么对他们有害”符合上下文语境，故选D。【41题详解】
根据上文My first complaint with the question is that it forces kids to define themselves in terms work. When you’re asked what you want to be when you grow u p, it’s not socially acceptable say, “A father,” or, “A mother,” let alone, “A person of integrity.” This might be of the reasons many parents say their most important value for their children is to car a others, yet their kids believe that top value is success.可知我对这个问题的第一个抱怨是，它迫使孩子们用工作来定义自己。当你被问到长大后想做什么的时候，社会上不接受说“父亲”或“母亲”，更不用说“一个正直的人”了。这可能是许多父母说他们对孩子最重要的价值是关心他人，但他们的孩子却认为最高价值是成功的原因之一。由此可知，本段是在说明工作和最重要价值之间的关系，作者觉得问年轻人以后想做什么工作迫使了孩子用工作来定义自己，从而将自己的价值建立在自己的成就之上。故E选项“当我们用工作来定义自己时，我们的价值就取决于我们取得的成就”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【42题详解】
根据上文And even if you’re lucky enough to stum a calling, it might not be a viable career. My colleagues and I have form callings often go unanswered:可知而且即便你足够幸运碰上了一样天职，它也可能不是个可行的职业。我和同事已经发现，天职的召唤常常得不到回应：由此可知，本句应当承接上文说明作者和同事发现关于
“切实可行的职业”所存在的问题——许多职业梦想无法支付账单，我们中的许多人就是没有这个天赋。故A选项“许多职业梦想无法支付账单，我们中的许多人就是没有这个天赋”符合上下文语境，故选A。【43题详解】
根据后文Sure, you might be a little less excited to take it but, on average you end up more productive and less likely to quit.可知当然，你在接手时可能会少些激动，但平均而言，你最后的收获会更大，也不容易退出。由此可知，本句旨在说明，在接手一份工作时，贴合实际地预想一下它真实的样子，最后的收获会更大，也不容易退出。故B选项“大量证据表明，与其把一份工作想象得很美好，还不如在入职时贴合实际地预想一下它真实的样子，并且毫无保留”符合上下文语境，故选B。
第Ⅱ卷
Ⅴ. Words
Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the words in their proper forms.
44. Road traffic _______(injure) are the leading cause of death and disability among adolescents in high-and middle-income countries.
45. He threw his arms round her and they embraced _______ (passion).
46. Only those homes offered for sale at _______ (compete) prices will secure interest from serious purchasers.
47. As the case gets worse, the patient will gradually sink into _______(conscious)
【答案】44. injuries
45. passionately
46. competitive
47. unconsciousness
【解析】
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：在中高收入的国家，交通事故是造成青少年伤亡的主要原因。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作为句子主语，由are判断主语应是复数形式，故填injuries。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：他双手环抱着她，他们激动地拥抱着。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词embrace，故填passionately。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：只有那些以具有竞争力价格出售的房屋，才会获得认真的买家的兴趣。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词price，competitive“具有竞争力的”，故填competitive。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着情况变得更糟糕，这个病人逐渐陷入了无意识（状态）。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作为into的宾语，又此处用“无意识”符合语境，故填unconsciousness。
Ⅵ. Phrases
Directions: Fill in each blank with one phrase from the table in its proper form. Note that there are two phrases more than you need.
48. Around 200 local people _______ the construction of a chemical factory, saying that it would lead to serious pollution in that area.
49. We are not sure whether he can finish the task on time, for he was informed to change the details of the project_______.
50. He never _______ his ability, but keeps turning out one successful product after another.
51. the public needs _______ the importance of environmental protection constantly.
52. We lost contact with each other for more than twenty years. That's why when we met on the street yesterday, she was _______ to recall my name.
53. He insisted that an expert _______ at this critical moment to give us some practical advice.
54. As the disease is spreading, the city is unlikely _______infection.
55. The man accepted the 2014 Human Rights Award _______ Town Tong, a woman who had been working for refugees in that area for twenty years.
【答案】48. protested against
49. at short notice
50. brags about
51. to be reminded of
52. at a loss
53. should be called in
54. to be spared from
55. on behalf of
【解析】
【48题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：大约有200当地人对一个化工厂的修建表示反对，他们认为这会给那个地区造成严重的污染。根据句意可知此处用protest against“对……表示反对/抗议”符合语境，再结合语境和下文的would判断为一般过去时，故填protested against。
【49题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：我们不确定他是否能够按时完成这个任务，因为他随时被通知修改这个项目的细节。根据句意可知此处用at short notice“随时”符合语境，故填at short notice。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意：他从来不炫耀他的能力，而是用一个接一个成功的产品来证明。根据句意可知此处用brag about“炫耀”符合语境，由下文的keeps判断此处为一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现，故填brags about。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语和非谓语。句意：公众需要一直被提醒环保的重要性。根据句意可知此处用remind…of“提醒某人某事”符合语境，由need to do sth.“需要做某事”判断此处应用不定式，又主语the public和remind 之间是被动关系，故不定式的被动形式to be done，故填to be reminded of。
【52题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：我们失去联系已经超过20年了。那就是为什么我们昨天在街上遇见时，她想不起我的名字。根据句意可知此处用at a loss“茫然不知所措”符合语境，故填at a loss。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语短语和语态。句意：他坚持在这个关键时刻应该找来一名专家给我们一些实际的建议。根据句意可知此处用call in“找来”符合语境，再结合句型insist that sb should do sth.“坚持某人做某事”可知此处是虚拟语气，应用should加动词原形，又主语expert和call in之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，综上所述，故填should be called in。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语和语态。句意：随着疾病的传播，该市不可能不受感染。根据句意可知此处用spare…from“使…免受”符合语境，根据短语be unlikely to do sth.“不可能做某事”可知此处应用不定时，又主语the city和spare…from之间是被动关系，故应用不定式的被动形式to be done，故填to be spared from。
【55题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：此人代表Town Tong接受了2014年的人权奖，Town Tong在那个地区为难民工作了
二十年。根据句意可知，此处用on behalf of“代表”符合语境，故填on behalf of。
Ⅶ. Grammar:
Directions: 用动词的适当形式和恰当的冠词、连词、介词、代词或情态动词、形容词副词的比较级或最高级填空，使句子成立
Turning Pain into Music
After ___56___ (diagnose) with a severe pain disease, Jake Smith from Colorado leaned on music to cope.
The problem first started for Smith when he was a freshman in high school. He suffered a concussion(脑震荡)while playing basketball. The symptoms didn't seem to go away after several months.
Doctors discovered a small fracture(裂缝)in Smith's skull that was causing the pressure and the headaches. The teenager had surgery to repair it, but when he woke up, the problem was much worse. For months, he was in near constant pain. ''It was the first time in my life that I ___57___ (experience) a pain severe enough to actually understand why people would kill themselves because of the pain.'' Smith said.
Doctors eventually diagnosed him with Trigeminal Neuralgia(三叉神经痛), a disorder that causes severe pain in the face. T. N. , ___58___ it's also called, gets worse over time and is incurable. Doctors call it suicide disease because they think it’s ___59___ (painful) thing a human can experience. And they estimate that 25 percent of people who have this disease end up killing ___60___.
Facing this awful reality, Smith turned to something he'd known since he was five years old - playing the piano. When he was in too much pain to sleep, he would be in the basement on his keyboard playing all night long.
The keys wouldn’t take the pain away, but the notes would make it more bearable.
While dealing with the immense pain, the then-18-year-old wrote his first album, Loreto. He published all 17 songs on his website, free for all, aiming to offer some comfort to people also ___61___ (go) through pain.
The idea prompted Smith to start song dedications(为他人写歌). He would take request within online groups for people suffering from T. N. or other pain disorders and write ___62___ (personalize) melodies(旋律)for them. ___63___ his won suffering, he composed songs like ''Ad Defeats Despair, '' ''Maiji's Waterfall'' and ''Marsha's Snowy Mountain, '' sometimes based one person's requested peaceful place.
''A lot of people say that when I write them a song and they listen to it, their pain is a lessened ... So, I guess that's ___64___ I keep doing it. '' he said.
The 20-year-old has so far published over 100 songs on his website. His efforts ____65____ (help) people with T. N. have expanded to include other pain diseases, as well as cancer.
【答案】56. being diagnosed
57. had experienced
58. as59. the most painful
60. themselves
61. going62. personalized
63. Despite
64. why65. to help
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了患有三叉神经痛的Jake Smith不仅通过音乐来缓解自己的痛苦，还写歌来鼓励患有疾病的人们，希望他们可以暂时摆脱痛苦。
【56题详解】
考查动名词。分析句子可知，此处应用动名词作为介词after的宾语，又逻辑主语Jake Smith和diagnose之间是被动关系，故应用动名词的被动式being done，故填being diagnosed。
【57题详解】
考查时态。此处考查固定句型it was the first time that sb. had done sth.“是某人第一次做某事”，故填had experienced。
【58题详解】
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，从句中缺少宾语，应用关系代词，再结合上下文此处意为“正如它也被这样叫”，可知此处用关系代词as符合语境，故填as。
【59题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：医生把它叫做自杀病是因为他们认为它是人类经历的最痛苦的事情。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用painful的最高级the most painful“最痛苦的”修饰名词thing符合语境，故填the most painful。
【60题详解】
考查代词。句意：他们估计患这种疾病的人中有25%的人最终选择了自杀。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用themselves“他们自己”作宾语符合语境，kill themselves“自杀”，故填themselves。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语people和go through“经历”是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填going。
【62题详解】
考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作为名词melodies的定语，personalized“个性化的”，故填personalized。
【63题详解】