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(完整版)新概念英语1B知识点总结

(完整版)新概念英语1B知识点总结
(完整版)新概念英语1B知识点总结

新概念英语1B

Unit 16

一、There be 存在句句型

1. 定义:表示某地存在某人/ 某物

2. 句型:There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 某地

There are + 可数名词复数+ 某地

3. There be句型与have / has 的区别:

①have 与has 都表示拥有

②There be 表示存在

3. 句型转换:

否定句:There be + not +主语+ 介词短语

一般疑问句:Be +there+主语+介词短语+?

肯定回答:---- Yes, there be.

否定回答:---- No, there be not.

例:陈述句:There are many children in the classroom.

否定句:There are not any students in the classroom.

一般疑问句:Are there any children in the classroom?

肯定回答:Yes, there are.

否定回答:No, there are not.

4. 就近原则:There be 句型主语在后面,靠近be动词的主语决定be 动词的选择。

例:There is an apple and a banana on the table.

There are three chairs and two desks in the classroom.

二、名词单复数

1. 定义:表示人、事物、时间、地点抽象概念等词。

2. 可数名词单数变复数:

①规则变化:一般情况下在词尾+ s/ es

A: 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词在词尾+ es

B: 以辅音字母y结尾的单词,把y 变为i,再加es

C: 以f/ fe 结尾的单词,变f / fe 为v,再加es

D: 以o结尾,有生命的单词+ es ,无生命的+ s

注意:以o结尾,+es 的情况:Negroes and heroes like potatoes and tomatoes. 黑人和英雄喜欢土豆和西红柿。

②规则变化:

A: 内部元音变化:man→men(男人),woman→women(女人),goose→geese (天鹅),tooth→teeth(牙齿),foot→feet(脚)

B: 单复同形:sheep(绵羊),fish(鱼),English(英语,英国人),Chinese(中文,中国人),Japanese(日文,日本人)

C:不规则变化:ox→oxen(公牛),child→children(小孩),mouse→mice(老鼠)

Unit 17

三、情态动词can的用法

1. 含义:can译为“能够,可以,会”。

2. 特点:can 后必须用动词原形

3. 句子结构:

①陈述句:主语+ can + 动词原形+ 其他

②否定句:主语+ can + not+动词原形+其他

③一般疑问句:Can + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他+ ?

肯定回答:Yes, 主语+ can.

否定回答:No, 主语+ cannot(=can’t).

例:陈述句:She can swim.

否定句:She cannot (=can’t) swim.

一般疑问句:Can she swim?

肯定回答:Yes, she can.

否定回答:No, she cannot(=can’t).

Unit 18

四、不可数名词[U]

1. 定义:不可以计数的名词

2. 判断:一种物体破坏后,还可以用的为不可数,不可以用的为可数。

3. 分类:

①液体类:water, orange juice, milk, cola

②肉类:meat, fish(鱼肉), chicken(鸡肉), pork(猪肉)

③其他类:bread, noddles, cheese, butter

4. 用法:

①不可数名词不可以与“a/an/基数词”连用,但是可以与the 连用表特指。

②不可数名词没有复数形式,词尾不加+s/es

③不可数名词可与some, any, little(几乎没有), a little(一点), much, a lot of, lots of 连用表示不确定数量。

④确定数量用“a/an/基数词+量词+of+不可数名词” 表示,如:a cup of tea,

a bottle of milk.

Unit 18

五、祈使句

1. 定义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。一般以动词原形开头,无时态和数的变化(一般为现在时)。句末用句号或感叹号。表示委婉语气时,可在句首或句尾加please。

2. 句型

①肯定祈使句:

A. Do型(行为动词原形+其他)

例:Open the door, please. 请打开门。

Stand up! 起立!

B. let+us(me/him/her/it/them) +动词原形+其它

例:Let’s go swimming. 让我们去游泳吧。

Let her try it once. 让她马上就试一试吧。

C. Be型(Be+形容词/副词/名词+其他)

例:Be quiet!安静!

Be careful. 小心点。

Be a good boy. 要做一个好孩子。

②否定祈使句:在谓语动词前加Don’t.

例:Don’t stand there! 别站在那里Don’t be too worried! 别太担心了!

Unit 19

六、must 的用法

1. 定义:must 表示必须、必要,是说话人的主观看法,只有一般现在时一种形态。

2. must 的否定形式mustn’t 表示“禁止,不准”。

3. 句型结构:

①陈述句:主语+ must + 动词原形+其他

②一般疑问句:Must / Need +主语+动词原形+其他+?

③肯定回答:Yes,主语+must.

④否定回答:No,主语+ neednot.

(注意:否定回答不能用mustn’t)

例:陈述句:She must do her homework tonight.

一般疑问句:Must she do her homework tonight?

肯定回答:Yes, she must.

否定回答:No, she needn’t.

七、some 与any 的用法以及区别

1. some 与any 都表示“一些”

2. some 和any区别:

八、a lot of 与lots of的区别

1. lots of和a lot of可以当做定语,即当做many或much那样来使用。因此,谓语动词的数不是依据lot和lots来决定,而是依据of所引导的名词的数来决定例:

A lot of time has been wasted.有许多时间给浪费掉了。(a lot of=much)

A lot of people have been present.已有许多人到了。(a lot of=many)

There is lots of time to spare.时间绰绰有余。(lots of=much)

2. a lot of=lots of表示“许多的”,可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。而lot of 则不可以与a lot of等同。

3. a lot是表示程度的一个短语,意为“很,非常”。

例:thanks a lot(多谢)

know a lot about China(对中国了解很多)。

Unit 20

九、对时间的提问和时间的英文表达

1.重点句型:

What’s the time? = What time is it ? 问时间:几点了?

---- It is ….

2.时间的具体表达:

顺读:先说点,后说分

①整点钟:数字+ o’clock

例:7:00 → seven o’clock

②点钟+分钟:

例:7:15 → seven fifteen

逆读:先说分,后说点

①>30分:(60—分钟)+ to + (点钟+1)

例:7:40 → twenty to eight

②=30分:half past +点钟

例:7:30 → half past seven

③<30分:分钟+past+点钟

例:7:10 → ten past seven

十、名词所有格

1. 定义:表示所属关系,译为“……的”

2. 构成:

①表示有生命动词的名词:

A:一般情况下+ “’s”

B:不以s结尾的名词+ “’s”

C:以s结尾的复数名词+ “’”

②表示无生命名词的所有格: A of B

例:the leg of a table 桌子的腿

the name of a ship 船的名字

③表示两人或两人以上共有一件物体时用: A and B’s 表示两人各有一件物体时用A’s and B’s

④双重所有格:of +名词’s / 名词性物主代词

例:a photo of my sister’s 一张我姐姐的照片

a photo of mine 一张我的照片

Unit 21、22

十一、have 与has got 的用法

1. there be 与have got的区别:

① there be 表示存在

② have/ has 表示拥有

2. 句子结构:

①陈述句:主语+have/ has got +动词原形+宾语

②否定句:主语+have/ has+not+ got +动词原形+宾语

③一般疑问句:Have/ Has+主语+got +动词原形+宾语+?

④肯定回答:Yes, 主语+have/has.

⑤否定回答:No, 主语+have/has not got +宾语.

3. 在英语口语中,常用have got 代替have,作“有”解释。

I have a bike. = I have got a bike.

否定式:I don’t have a bike.= I haven’t got a bike.

I haven’t got a bike. (√)

I don’t have g ot a bike. (×)

疑问形式:Have you got a bike? (√)

Do you have a bike? (√)

Do you have got a bike? (×)

Unit 23、24

十二、一般现在时

1. 概念:表示谓语是经常性和习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。

2. 用法:①表示经常或习惯性的动作

②表现现阶段的情况或状况

③表示客观事实和普遍真理

3. 常见的标志有:always(总是), usually(经常), often(通常), sometimes(有时), seldom(很少), never(从不), every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每个月), every year(每一年), once a week(一周一次), twice a month (一个月两次).

4. 谓语动词形式:谓语动词使用原形或第三人称单数形式。当主语是第三人称

表示单个的人或物时,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式,其他情况下谓语动词用动词原形。

5. 结构:

①be动词:

主语+be动词+表语主语+be+not+表语Be+主语+表语+?②实意动词:

A: 主语为I/we/you/they等人称

主语+动词原形+宾语主语+don’t+动词原形+宾语

Do+主语+动词原形+宾语+?

B:主语为he/she/it三个人称

主语+动词(-s/-es)+宾语主语+doesn’t+动词原形+宾语

Does+主语+动词原形+宾语

6.例句:

(1)I have chinese at eight o’clock. 我八点上语文。

(2)We don’t have maths on Sunday. 我们周日不上数学。

(3)He has an English lesson every day. 他每天有一节英语课。

(4)They don’t go to school on Sunday. 他们周日不去上学。

(5)She studies English at home every night. 她每晚上在家学英语。

(6)Liping usually goes to school by bike. 李平通常骑自行车去上学。

Unit 25

十三、定冠词the的用法

1. 用于双方都知道的事物名词前。

例:Open the door, please. 请打开门。

2. 用于第二次提到的人或事物名词前。

例:I have the ball. The ball is here. 我有一个球。那个球在这里。

3. 用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前。

例:the sun, the earth, the moon 太阳,地球,月亮

4. 用在形容词前表示一类人。

例:the old, the rich 老人,有钱人

5. 用在姓氏复数前表示一家人。

例:the Blacks 布莱克一家

6. 用在序数词以及形容词最高级之前表示特指。

例:the biggest, the first one 最大的,第一个

7. 用在西洋乐器前。

例:play the pinao 弹钢琴

Unit 26

十四、不用定冠词the(零冠词)的情况

1. 在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。

例:I am in Class Two, Grade Three.

We can not live without air.

2. 名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词时不用冠词。例:Pass me that book.

The letter is in her bag.

3. 复数名词指一类人或事物不用冠词。

例:Horses are animals.

4. 三餐、球类、学科名词之前不用冠词。

例:When do you have lunch?

He often plays football.

5. 由介词by引导的交通工具名词前不用冠词。

例:We traveled by train.

十五、show 后接双宾语

1. 概念:双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者,间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做),间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后,但它不能单独存在。它和直接宾语组成双宾语。

2. 结构:主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)

3. 但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人.

例:He brings cookies to me every day. 他每天都给我带饼干

She made a beautiful dress for me. 她为我做了一件漂亮的裙子。

4. 需要接双宾语的动词:show, take, bring,give,send,hand, lend, tell, teach,pay, pass, return…

例:show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.

take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb.

give sb. sth = give sth. to sb.

Unit 27

十六、时间介词in/on/at的用法

1. at 的用法

①时间的一点、时刻等

例:They came home at seven o’clock. 他们7点钟回的家。

(at night, at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn等)

②后面接表示岁数的词

Children in Chia start school at 6 years old. 中国的小孩子们6岁开始上学。

③较短暂的时间。可以指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。

例:He went home at Chrismas. 他圣节的时候回了家。

(at New York, at the Spring Festival)

2. in 的用法

①在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节、以及泛指上午、下午或傍晚等)

例:in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening

②在一段时间之后,常用于将来时。

例:He will arrive in two hours. 他两个小时后回来。

3. on 的用法

①具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等

例:On Christmas Day (On May 4th), there will be a celebration.

圣诞节那天(5月4日)将会举办一个庆祝仪式。

②在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上

例:He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th.

他是5号晚上十点钟到的。

③准时、按时

例:If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark.

如果火车按时到达,那么我就应该会在天黑之前到家。

十七、如何用英语表达生病

1.问句:

What’s the matter with XXX…..?XXX怎么了?

Are you well or are you ill ? 你感觉还好吗,你生病了吗?

How do you feel? 你感觉怎么样呢?

Have you got ….? 你是不是得…病了呢?

回答:

He has(I have)got …. 他得了….病。

He looks(I feel)awful. 他看起来很不好。

重点句型:have +病痛

如:have a bad cold 得了重感冒have toothache 牙痛

have flu 得了流感

例:I have toothache. 我牙痛。

2. 与生病有关的表达

①身体部位+ache …痛

例:toothache牙痛stomachache胃痛headache头痛

②flu 流感(a bad ) cold (重)感冒ill 生病sick 生病

③形容词类:awful不舒服的miserable痛苦的tired难受的terrible痛苦的

④名词类:dentist 医生patient病人nurse护士emergency急诊

hospital医院ambulance救护车appointment 见面时间

Unit 28

十八、天气的描述

1. 相关的词语:

sunny晴天cloudy 多云rainy多雨snowy 多雪thunderstorm雷雨

fog 雾frost 霜冻fine 好天气windy 大风wet潮湿的warm 温暖的cold冷的hot 热的cool 凉爽的

2. 问句:

What’s the weather like today/ in +季节/地点? = How is the weather?

今天/某季节/某地的天气如何?

What is the temperature ? 气温多少度?

Is the weather always like this? 天气老是这样吗?

What do you think of the weather here? 你认为这儿天气怎么样

3. 回答:

It is often … in + 季节/地点今天/某季节/某地的气候通常是….的

It is xx degree to xx degree. xx度到xx度。

It is going to…准备要….了。

It is getting warmer. 天气越来越暖和。

十九、频度副词的用法

1. 行为动词的一般现在时常和表示频率的副词连用,英语中usually , sometimes, always, often, never等词被称为“频度副词”,是用来表示动作频率的,但在程度上有差别。一般来说可按频率大小排列:

always(总是)>usually(常常)>often(经常)>sometimes(有时)

>seldom(很少)>never(从不)

2. 频度副度在句中的位置。

①在be动词之后。

Boys are always good at playing computer games.

男孩子们总是擅长玩电脑游戏。

在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。

He doesn’t often go on the Internet.

他不经常上网。

②在实义动词之前。

My uncle often talks to customers on the computer.

我叔叔经常在电脑上和客户交谈。

Sometimes可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末。

Sometimes Jim writes to me. = Jim writes to me often.

有时吉姆会给我写信。

Unit 29

二十、序数词的表达

规律:

①英语序数词1-19中,第一、第二、第三是特殊形式,其余都是在基数词后加上“-th”。第一:first,第二:second,第三:third。其中又有几个序数词的拼法不规则:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth

②十位数整数的序数词的构成方法是:将整数基数词的词尾“ty”中的“y”改写成“i”,再加“-eth”。

③基数词“几十几”改成序数词时,只要把个位数改成序数词,十位数不变。如:

21:twenty-one 变成twenty-first

④序数词的缩写形式,在阿拉伯数字后面加上序数词的最后两个字母。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th……41st,52nd,96th,98th….

⑤hundred, thousand, million 等序数词形式为hundredth, thousandth, millionth。如:five hundredth(500th)第500,ten thousandth(10000th)第10000.

二十一、星期、月份的表达

1. 年year 月month 日day

一月January 二月February 三月March 四月April 五月May

六月June 七月July 八月August 九月September

十月October 十一月November 十二月December

星期一Monday 星期二Tuesday 星期三Wednesday

星期四Thursday 星期五Friday 星期六Saturday

星期日Sunday

2. 用法

①在星期几:on + 星期

如:在星期六on Saturday

I always go to Ren Ming Park with my mother on Saturday.

星期六的时候,我总是和妈妈一起去人民公园。

②在几月份:in + 月份

如:在九月份in September

Our school starts in September. 我们学校九月份开学。

Unit 20

二十二、国籍、来自哪里

1. 国家以及某国人

China-Chinese(中国人) England(the U.K)- Englishman(英国人) America(the U.S.A)-American Japan-Janpanese(日本人)

Canada-Canadian(加拿大人)France- French(法国人)Australia- Australian(澳大利亚人)Russia-Russian (俄罗斯人)Korea-Korean(韩国人)India-Indian (印度人)

2. 句型

①特殊疑问句

Where are you(is she/he)from? 你(她/他)来自哪里?

= Where do you (does she/ he)come from?

------- I am (She/He is) from…= I come (She/He comes) from…

②一般疑问句:

Is she/he (Are you) from…? = Does she /he (Do you) come from….? 她/他(你) 来自…吗?

------- Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解__短语、词组归纳

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Unit 21 BDBBA ADDAB CA Unit 22 CDACB ADBCD AB Unit 23 CADCC DCABC AC Unit 24 AACCB CADDA CD Unit 25 DBADD CACDB CA Unit 26 CBCBA CDDAB AC Unit 27 BCDCC ACCDD DA Unit 28 ADCDA BCADA BD Unit 29 CCADD CCADA BC Unit 30 CABDD BCCAC DC Unit 31 AABAD BADDC BD Unit 32 BDCBA DBDCA BC Unit 33 BDBAD BCCDC BA Unit 34 DCACB DACDB CA Unit 35 CBCAC ABBDC CD Unit 36 ACBCC ACCDB AC Unit 37 CABAC DBCDC BD Unit 38 CAABB ACBDD AB Unit 39 BCADA BDDBD BC Unit 40 DCDAC ADDDA DB

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新概念英语第一册知识点讲解和归纳.txtcopy(复制)别人的个性签名,不叫抄袭,不叫没主见,只不过是感觉对了。遇到过的事一样罢了。新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解 短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理: 一、动词+介词 1.look at…看…,look like …看上去像……, look after …照料… 2.listen to…听…… 3.welcome to…欢迎到…… 4.say hello to …向……问好 5.speak to…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。如: This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×) This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√) 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类: A.动词(vt.)+副词 1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下 此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。试比较: First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√) First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×) First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√) B.动词(vi)+副词。 1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家 4.come in进来 5.sit down 坐下 6.stand up起立 此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games 介词短语聚焦 “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如:in English,in the hat 2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。 3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 5.in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6.in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。如:There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。8.at + 时刻表示钟点。如:at six, at half , past ten.

(完整版)旧版新概念英语第四册文本

Lessorfl Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas-legends handed dow n from one gen e ratio n of story-tellers to ano ther. These lege nds are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have n either history nor lege nds to help them to find out where the first 'modern merT came from. Fort un ately, however, ancient men made tools of st one, especially flint, because this is easier to shape tha n other kin ds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. Lesson2 Spare that spider Why, you may won der, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy so many in sects, and in sects in elude some of the greatest en emies of the huma n race. In sects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat in sects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the nu mber destroyed by spiders. Moreover, un like some of the other in sect eaters, spiders n ever do the least harm to us or our belongings. Spiders are not in sects, as many people think, nor even n early related to them. One can tell the differe nee almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an in sect n ever more than six. How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killi ng in sects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the in sects destroyed by spiders in Britai n in one year would be greater tha n the total weight of all the human beings in the country. Lesson3 Matterhorn man Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.

《新概念英语语法》第一册知识点总结

《新概念英语语法》第一册: 第一册重点语法知识点都包含: 时态:一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时。 词性:动词现在分词、动词的过去式和过去分词。形容词、副词的比较级与最高级。助动词、情态动词、半情态动词的使用。动词不定式。反身代词、不定代词。特殊疑问词。 句式:简单句、并列句、复合句(定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句)。 语态:被动语态。 结构:There be结构。 语序:倒装。

(请记住以下特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词) 1、Why (有关原因) 2、What (有关事物) 3、Which (有关事物) 4、Who (有关人物) 5、Whose (有关人物) 6、Where (有关地点) 7、When (有关时间) 8、How (有关方法或状态) (英语中无论时间、地点还是人或事都遵循着从小到大的规则。也遵循着先出现地点后出现时间的规则。) 第一部份:词法(请记注以下词性概念,具体的用法参考我们所学过的课文) 一、动词:(表示动作或状态等。) 1、记住以下常见系动词

2、记住以下常见助动词 二、冠词(用在名词前帮助说明其词义) 三、名词(表示人或事物的名称) 四、代词(用来代替名词或数词等,包含反身代词) 五、形容词(用来修饰名词或代词) 六、副词(用来修饰动词、形容词、或副词) 七、介词(用在名词、代词等前面,表示与别的词的关系) 八、数词(表示数目或顺序) 九、连词(用来加接词与词或句与句) 十、感叹词(表示说话时的感情或口气) 第二部分:词法规则 一、可数名词的复数规则变化 1、一般情况下未尾加“s”。 2、以x,ss,sh,ch,x结尾的名词加“es”。 3、以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的词加“s”。 4、以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变“y”为“i”在加“es”。 5、以元音字母+y结尾的词,直接加“s”。 6、以f,fe结尾的名词一般变“f”或“fe”为“v”在加“es”。(以f或fe结尾的部分 名词可直接加“s”) 7、以o结尾的名词一般加“s”。(部分以辅音字母+o结尾的加“es”) 二、规则动词的过去式与过去分词变化与动词现在分词的变化 1、一般动词过去式在未尾加“ed”。 2、结尾是e的动词加“d”。 3、未尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加“ed”。 4、结尾是辅音字母+y的动词,先变“y”为“i”在加“ed”。 5、动词的现在分词一般情况下在原形后加“ing”。 6、如果以e结尾的动词则去“e”在加“ing”来构成现在分词。 7、如果动词只有一个元音字母,而后面跟了一个辅音字母时,则需双写辅音字母再加“ing” 来构成动词的现在分词。 三、形容词与副词的比较级、最高级(比较级在未尾加“er”而最高级在未尾加“est”)它 们都遵循着以下规则 1、一般情况下单音节的形容词或副词则在原形未尾加“er”。 2、如果以e结尾的形容词或副词则加“r”。 3、有些以y结尾的双音节词,如果y前面是一个辅音字母则变“y”为“i”在加“er”。

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