第二周听力会
留篇章。
今日堂
星期 1 Monday 4 大型及解技巧
年真，会的形式分与两，近年来考以主。又可分采与面。无是、采是
面，按照考内容划分可以分四种型：主旨、、推断、点度。
一、主旨
主旨主要考考生或的主（ topic 或 main point ）和或的大意（ main idea ）的概括或判断能力。
种型考中比例不是很大，此型常的提方式有：
The interview mainly focus on
The main idea of this interview is
The interview is mainly about
From the conversation, we get the impression that
【例 1】 (09-5)
5.The interview mainly focuses
on [A] the background information. [B] the description of training courses. [C] the requirements of public speaking. [D] the overall personal growth. M:Good morning, Mrs. Collins, welcome to our studio. As a distinguished member of Toastmasters International, could you tell us a bit about the background of the organization? W:? It was founded in 1924 by Ralph Smedley and it ’ s headquartered in California.
M:Then, who is Toastmasters open to? And what kind of members do you have now?
?
【分析】文中主要内容都是Toastmasters一行介，包括它所面向的人群、
内容和方法、受的个体能来的好等，些均属于Toastmasters的背景知的介。
排版注意：下面几个【解技巧】排版方式，“解技巧”四个字排在小菱形格内，即似
于下面形式
<解 ><><技><巧 >
【解技巧】
1．利用音中direction 的干和，注意重复率高的或短，听音，基本上主有个大概的了解，小听音重点。
2．同，听音注意听主句。由于文体不同，或主句在文中的位置不尽相同。但多数听力原文的主句位于或的开始或尾的句。
二、
主要或中的某个提。考于会中所提及的多具体信息的辨能力和理解能力。
命占到比例的80%左右。根据其具体考方式的不同，又可以分两种情
况：
1．理解
考交中某个表达或者法的理解或，或考双方或被采者所做某事的原因、程、果等的理解。提方式有：
The interview says that?is
What ? said means that
According to?,? means
【例 2】（ 08-4）
4.Mary thinks that people don't need to do much travel nowadays as a result of
[A] less emphasis on personal contact.
[B] advances in modern telecommunications.
[C] recent changes in people's concepts.
[D] more potential damage to the area. W:Yeah, but it ’its, ’just so, so damaging to the whole area, I think, airports, from my point of view, the whole concept is out-dated, really. Um, with modern technology, we’ regoing to make a lot of travel unnecessary really.
【分析】 [B] 。女士人在根本不需要那么多旅行的原因是代技的步，随后
又出了例，通和客交流就可以免受旅行奔波之苦。因此，答案[B] 。
2．辨
考或中提到三个或三个以上的事物的辨能力，即某一或事是否在
双方或被采的回答中被提及。排除或者直接提其中的一个，既要求号入座。
此型答案一般包含于原文之中。提中的志性是not， except。
【例 3】（ 09-2 ）
2. The following are job benefits by joining M: Another question is how can Toastmasters Toastmasters EXCEPT help you in job situations?
[A] becoming familiar with various means of W: By becoming involved in Toastmasters, you communication.will learn different methods of communicating [B] learning how to deliver messages in an what you really want to say. And equally organized way.important, you will learn what your audience
[C] becoming aware of audience expectations.expects from you so you can deliver that
[D] learning how to get along with friends.message to them in a logical fashion. Some
people are comfortable around friends, but
when they appear before a group they don ’ t
know, they get tense.
【分析】文中提到了Toastmasters能帮助学学到不同的沟通方式，了解听众需要并有
性地、有效地将信息达听众（ ... you will learn different methods of communicating ?what your audience expects from you so you can deliver that message to them in a logical fashion. ）。由此可，只有 [D] 未被提到，故答案。
【解技巧】
1．于理解，采用的方法主要就是抓住信号和关并接下来的内容做重点笔；若干内容采人的明确提，当听到采人提要注意下面的回答并下重点。同住正确答案往往是“句意解” 、“同”和“信息再”等。
2．于辨，把所的大体上看一下，然后，根据提供的索，听文中相的部分，下重点，与文中内容一致的即可肯定，不一致的即可否定。
三、推断
推断主要考考生重要的引申含的理解，要求考生在理解原文所直接述的点或事的基上，行合乎的一步推理，悟作者的言外之意。
推断是相的一种型，需要考生一个或几个有深次的理解。常的提方式有：
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
According to ? , ? .
It can be assumed/inferred from the interview ?
【例 4】（ 10-5 ）
5.According to the interview, religious diversity
[A] was most evident between 1990 and 2000.
[B] exists among Muslim immigrants.
[C] is restricted to certain places in the US.
[D] is spreading to more parts of the country. M:But the point is that these religions didn ’t settle everywhere. They settled mainly in Californian and major Northeastern and Midwestern cities, such as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Minneapolis.
【分析】男士最后到religious diversity?these religions didn’tsettle everywhere. They settled mainly in Californian and major Northeastern and Midwestern cities?，由此可以推断，
宗教差异主要局限于几个城市，[C] 答案。
【解技巧】
1．听音前，根据特点及内容，推可能考的核心内容，确定听音重点
关注哪些，以便更好地行推断。
2．听音，留意那些表明上下文关系的关，如并列、折、因果等关系的关，通些关，抓住重点信息，从面提高推理与判断的准确性。
3．此外，因考的内容一般都与主相关。因此，听音重点留意与主密切相关的，与主无关的直接排除。
四、点度
点度主要会双方所的所表的个人度行提。要求考生根据者的音、、气以及内容，判断出者某人、某事或某物的度
及点。
点度在考中所占比例也不是很大，干中的志性是attitude towards，多表示点度的形容，如：negative, positive, ambiguous, neutral, optimistic, pessimistic, indifferent, critical, disappointed, depressed, impartial等等。
【例 5】（ 08-5 ）
5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy M: Yes, you ’ reright. But for a lot of people,
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is ______ Mary's ideas.personal contact is important. And this means
[A] strongly in favour of travel, and means quick travel, air travel, And,
[B] mildly in favour of we just need a new airport.
[C] strongly against
[D] mildly against
【分析】题干中虽然没有出现标志性词语attitude towards ，但通过选项可知此题是一观点态度题。由会话结尾男士先给予肯定，随后But引出相反的观点可知，两人关于修建新机场的观点是针锋相对的。末尾男士所说的话we just need a new airport 更验证了答案为[C] 。
【解题技巧】
1．听音时，根据选项内容记录表达观点态度的词语，同时将上下文联系起来，正确判断作者的态度、观点。
2．听音过程中注意作者的语气变化，因为有时谈话者先介绍了某一观点，却接着在后面提出了相反的观点。根据语气、观点的变化做了正确判断。
今日练习
Interview
1.In what general ways has the role of the American male changed?
[A] They earn more money than they used to.
[B] They are less sensitive today.
[C] They are more active in work.
[D] They take on more domestic roles.
2.Which of the following is NOT a way the role of men has changed?
[A] They take an active attitude towards housework.
[B] Most of them think men and women should have equal share in raising children.
[C]Some men take on most of his wife ’s roles.
[D]Some men are raising children exclusively.
3.What does the man say is the main cause of this change?
[A] Unemployment.
[B] Job-related stress.
[C] Housework.
[D] Frequency of divorces.
4. According to the man, how do most fathers feel about their taking on women’role?
[A]Most of them are willing to do this.
[B]Most of them feel reluctant to take on those jobs.
[C]Most of them do not want to openly express their love.
[D]Most of them like those jobs.
5.Which of the following is a problem caused by the changing role of men?
[A] A household brings in less money.
[B]Women spend less time with their children.
[C]Children are not well taken care of at home.
[D] Men have less leisure time.
Conversation
1. How many species could become extinct within a few years?
[A]210.
[B]110.
[C]200.
[D]105.
2.The buffalo were killed
mainly [A] for their meat.
[B] because of their large number.
[C] for ecological balance.
[D] for fun.
3.Which of the following is INCORRECT about passenger pigeons?
[A]Their number was once incredible.
[B]This kind of bird is big and heavy.
[C]Large number of them was killed mainly for meat.
[D]They were sold in big cities.
4.What is the focus the man wants to talk about?
[A] Causes of animal extinction.
[B] The protection of animals from being killed.
[C] Ways of banning illegal trade in ivory.
[D] Ways of keeping ecological balance.
5.What is the first reason that animals should be protected?
[A]Animals bring in economic income.
[B]Animals have as much right to live as humans.
[C]Animals provide meat.
[D]Animals keep nature in balance.
答疑解惑
Interview
【听前】各的干和，由关role，American male ，changed，way，cause，feel about，problem 可以推，篇与美国男性角色的改有关，其中涉及改的方式，
改的原因，男性自身的度，以及由此生的等。
【听力原文】
W: For today ’s show, I ’d like to introduce our guest—Mr. Jameson—a sociologist who has just completed extensive research on the changing role of men in America today. Good afternoon, Mr. Jameson, and thank you for joining us.
M: Thank you, it ’s nice to be here.
W: Can you give us an overall picture of how the?uh? role of the American man has changed? M: Well, that ’s a big question ? but I ’d say the role has changed in many ways ? uh ? you can see it in movies and in television ? in many ways that men are more willing to show their feelings now than they used to. For example, one of the most popular?popular movies?Kramer v.s. Kramer showed men in a totally different role than you normally see?it showed
a man who was sensitive, who learned how to take care of his child?uh, men? it seems
that [1.D]men are no longer satisfied with merely bringing home the money for the family, but they want to take an active role in raising the family ? uh ? in other words ? we don’thave the strong silent types as much anymore ? [1.D]now the father is an active participant in the
family.
W: Could you be more specific and tell us some of the ways the role of the father has changed?
M: Well ? uh ? it ’s changed in several ways. [2.A]One is in the attitude in one? in what they actually do ? uh? let’ s give an example with housework more than? 50% of men who were asked in several questionnaires ? said that they were willing to share in the housework with
their wives? that means that they were willing to help? uh? with the dishes? the they were willing to help clean the kitchen and? and do other roles that had? uh? been associated with women ? and in fact [2.B]80% of men who have been surveyed? have said that they think that men as well as women should have equal share in the raising of the children.
W: Now ? you said there was also a change in what men actually do.
M: Yes ? not only do men agree that they should take a more active role in the family? but they are putting their beliefs in action. In fact, many men have actually taken over raising children. W: Well ? what has caused this change?
M: Well ? that’s a very good question? there are several causes? [3.B]I think one of the biggest causes is economic ? uh? the fact that many women have entered the job market has forced men to take on roles that they didn ’thave before? uh? you used to have the woman in the
house? uh? doing all the housework ? and the man who was doing all the ? bringing in all the money? but now that the number of working women has tripled since ? uh? World War II.
[3.B]Now when you have these women working ? you can’texpect them to come back
after a long ? after a day’s work. Another reason is that divorces have become so common
now? this is of course ? this is an unfortunate ? uh? phenomenon, but the fact that there
are so many divorces makes it necessary for some of the men to ? uh? raise the children
without a woman ’s help? and therefore if the woman is not around ? the man has to take care of these tasks? in fact ? uh? [2.D]there are approximately one million children in the US
being raised exclusively by fathers ? now with this large number of mothers ? uh?
working ? and the large number of men taking care of the house alone ? they have no choice but to take on some of what have traditionally been women ’s roles.
W: And how do the fathers feel about this?
M: Well ? uh? [4.A]most of the fathers who do share in these roles are quite positive about this. They feel it helps them get to know their children better ? so the fathers now are closer to their
children ? they try to play with the children more and this helps them understand their children ?also they feel there ’s much more love expressed if they ’re always around able to help around in the family ? they have time to express their love.
W: And how do the children feel?
M: Well... uh ? many studies have shown that children who play with their?uh?fathers? and who are around them a lot are able to withstand stress better ? uh? and are able to adapt to outsiders better. In other words ? uh? strangers don ’tscare them ? and? in fact ? studies have shown that they can even learn more easily.
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working world is made a little more flexible ? many companies right now do not want to give vacations or leaves to working men who want to stay home and take care of their families ?the men feel they must give other excuses ? they say that they’re going to write a book or
something ? they can’tsay that they ’re leaving to take care of their children ? in other words ?the attitude of men in general has not changed to the point where it ’s easy to leave and enter the work world for families ? another reason is that [5.A]if men stay at home with their children ? they cannot earn money outside ? so the household as a whole brings in less money.
W: Well ? thank you very much, Mr. Jameson, that was very interesting ? and now for a message from our sponsor.
【答案解析】
排版注意本周中此部分的【答案解析】中的号加[X] 均加色。
1.[D] 。。音中男士美国男性的角色在很多方面生了改，男性比以前更愿
意表达他的感情，他不再足于往家，而是要在家庭中承担一个极的角色，
父逐成家庭中活的一，可美国男性承担了更多家庭的角色，因此答案[D]。
其中 domestic “家庭的”是文中family 的同替。
2.[C] 。。女士男性角色改的具体方式，男士提到一个是度上的，
中一半多的男性表示愿意与妻子分担家，80%男女在养孩子方面有相同的
任，后面男士提到在大有一百万的孩子完全由父养，因此[A] 、 [B] 、 [D] 均正确， [C] 在文中未提及，故答案。
3.[B] 。推断。音中男士男性角色改的最大原因之一是上的，女性的出迫使他承担去
没有的角色。随着女性入工作市，不可能再她工作了一天
之后再回家做家，因此男性必担一部分。由此推断，主要原因是 [B] “工作力”。 [A] 、 [C] 明，
[D] 不是主要原因。
4.[A] 。。音中女士父种有何感想，男士回答他此相当极，因此答案 [A] 。其中
willing 是文中 positive 的同替。
5.[A] 。。文中男士，角色的改也致多。其中之一是男性只有在工作灵活才能承担家，
而且多公司在不准男士假回家照家人，因此他不得
不另找借口。另一个是如果男性在家待着就没法在外面，整个家庭的收入就减少了。
因此中只有 [A] 正确。
Conversation
【听前】各的干和，由关species，extinct ，buffalo ，passenger pigeons，protected 可以推，篇与危物种有关，其中列到水牛和候的例子，提及危
物种被保的原因等。
【听力原文】
W: What exactly is an endangered species?
M: Well, an endangered species is an animal that is in danger of becoming extinct.
W: How many species are in danger?
M:[1.A]There are about two hundred and ten species that we feel could become extinct within
a few years if certain steps are not taken.
W: What kind of steps do you mean?
M:Let me give you an example with a somewhat happy ending. Right here in the US, huge buffalo weighing between one thousand and two thousand pounds each roamed the plains.
[2.B]There were probably about twenty million buffalo in the US in 1850, but they were so big
and numerous that they stopped trains when hey crossed the tracks. The railroad companies had them killed by the thousands. By 1889, there were only five hundred and fifty-one buffalo alive in the whole United States.
W: Why did you say that there was a happy ending? That doesn ’tsound so happy to me.
M:Well, the US government started to protect buffalo, and there are now more than ten thousand alive in the US. That ’s what I mean by a happy ending. They almost became extinct.
W: What about a sad ending? Could you give us an example?
M: Sure. The most famous example is probably the passenger pigeon, [3.A]which was so numerous that we have a hard time even imagining it. In 1808 an expert on birds named Alexander Wilson saw a large flock which he estimated contained more than two billion, two hundred and thirty million birds. In 1813, the famous John Audobon watched a flock that took three whole days to fly overhead. The flock was so thick that it actually blocked the sun, and the wings sounded like thunder.
W: That ’s incredible. But if there were so many of these birds, how did they become extinct?
M:Well, men would knock them out of trees with poles or cut down their nesting places, kill them on the ground, or even choke them with burning sulfur.
W: But why did they want to do that?
M:[3.C]For meat mostly, hunters killed the pigeons and sent them by the millions to big cities.
[3.D]They sold for one or two cents each in New York and Chicago. Other people just killed
the birds for fun. But today that ’s not the only reason animals are killed. Today animals are killed mainly for their skins or for their teeth. Let ’s take the US? for example ? about twelve million hides from wild animals are shipped to the US each year. In addition, one hundred and thirty million animal products from wild animals are imported each year. But that’s not the
main problem. We cannot tell if an animal was killed illegally or not. It ’s not our problem really.
W: What is the real problem?
M: [4.B]The real problem is how to prevent the animals from being killed in the first place. Kenya, for example, has spent millions trying to protect the elephant, but it ’s difficult to protect an animal that ’s carrying thirteen hundred dollars worth of ivory on its head. In addition, farmers in Kenya say that elephants ruin their crops. But endangered species should be protected fro two reasons.
[5.B]The first is a moral one. Elephants have just as much a right to live as humans do.
W: And what about the other reason? What ’s that?
M:The second is economic. Elephants, for example, bring a lot of tourists, and therefore money, into Kenya. India is an even better example. India has been exporting snakes and snake skins for
years. As we all know, snakes are the main predators of mice and rats. Now that their main
enemy, the snake, is being killed for its skin, the population of mice and rats has exploded. In fact, mice and rats eat 20% of India ’s food. So you see, we have not only a moral but an
economic reason to protect endangered species.
【答案解析】
1.[A] 。。本数字，听音注意作相关笔。音中男士提到，他感如
果不采取一定措施的，大210 种物种可能会在几年内，因此答案[A] 。
2.[B] 。。听音注意捕捉野牛被的原因。音中男士，在1850 年美国平原上大有两千万野牛，但是它太大，数量太多，以至于穿道会堵住火，于是路公司死了数千只野牛。可它被主要是因数量太多，答案[B] 。
3.[B] 。。音中男士提到候的数量曾多的人无法想象，因此[A] 正确。后面又提到，候之所以是因上百万地被害，主要是了肉，被害后运到大城市里去，因此[C] 、 [D] 也均正确，只有[B] “ 种又大又重”没有提及，故答案。
4.[B] 。。干关 the focus。音中男士在提到不知物是否是被非法害不是真正的，女士真
正的是什么，男士首先是怎保些物免受害，因此本答案是 [B] 。干中的 focus 是文中
real problem 的同替。
5.[B] 。。干关 the first 。听音注意捕捉物被保的第一个原因。音中男士危物种被保的
原因有两个。第一个是道德上的，即物有和人一的
生存利。第二个是上的，即物可以吸引游客，来收入。因此本答案
[B] 。
里淘金
重点句式
Interview
1. You can see it in movies and in television?in many ways that men are more willing to show their feelings now than they used to.你可以在影中看到种改，在多方面男性比以前更愿意表达他的感情。
2.It seems that men are no longer satisfied with merely bringing home the money for the family, but they want to take an active role in raising the family. 似乎男性不再足于往家，他想在养家庭方面承担一个极的角色。
3.And in fact 80% of men who have been surveyed have said that they think that men as well as
women should have equal share in the raising of the children. 上中 80%的男性男性和女性在养孩子方面有相同的任。
4. Not only do men agree that they should take a more active role in the family, but they are putting their beliefs in action. 男性不同意他在家庭中承担一个更加极的角
色，也在把他的信念付行。
5.Now with this large number of mothers working and the large number of men taking care of the
house alone, they have no choice but to take on some of what have traditionally been women ’s roles. 在由于大量女性在工作，大量男性在独照家庭，他无，只能承担起
一些上女性的角色。
6.Many studies have shown that children who play with their fathers and who are around them a lot are able to withstand stress better and are able to adapt to outsiders better. 多研究表明，和父一起玩、常伴在父左右的孩子能更好地承受力，适外界。
7. In other words, the attitude of men in general has not changed to the point where it’s easy to leave and enter the work world for families. 句，男性体上的度没有改到可以家庭随便出入工作的程度。
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Conversation
1.There were probably about twenty million buffalo in the US in 1850, but they were so big and numerous that they stopped trains when hey crossed the tracks. 在 1850 年大约有两千万野牛，但是它们太大，数量太多，以至于穿过轨道时会堵住火车。
2.The most famous example is probably the passenger pigeon, which was so numerous that we
have a hard time even imagining it. 最有名的例子或许是候鸽，它们曾经数量浩大得令人难
以想象。
3.The flock was so thick that it actually blocked the sun, and the wings sounded like thunder.鸟
群太大，以至于黑压压的都遮住了太阳，它们飞行发出的叫声就像雷鸣一样。
4.Well, men would knock them out of trees with poles or cut down their nesting places, kill them
on the ground, or even choke them with burning sulfur.人类用杆子把它们从树上杵出来或
者把它们的巢砍下来，杀死它们，或者甚至用点着的硫磺闷死它们。
5.Kenya, for example, has spent millions trying to protect the elephant, but it’s difficult to protect
an animal that ’s carrying thirteen hundred dollars worth of ivory on its head.比如说肯尼亚，其花费上百万来保护大象，但是保护这样一个头上有值一千三百美金象牙的动物是非常难
的。