下载文档原格式
《志鸿优化设计》2014届高考英语（外研版全国）一轮复习题库：必修2Module5 NewspapersandMagazines Ⅰ．完成句子1．据报道几天前一架搭载有5名乘客的飞机失事坠入山谷中。
It's reported that a plane with five people ______ ______ crashed into the mountain several days ago.2．李长春致信中国作家协会祝贺莫言获得2012年诺贝尔文学奖。
Li Changchun wrote to the China Writers Association to ______ Mo Yan ______ his winning of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature.3．课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
Teachers will never ______ ______ ______ computers in the classroom.4．那里总共可能有40人左右。
There are probably about 40 people there ______ ______.5．既然你已经长大，就不要依赖你的父母了。
______ ______ you have grown up，you should not rely on your parents.Ⅱ．单项填空1．With the popularity of network，email has largely ______ the traditional letter.A．exchanged B．removedC．expanded D．replaced2．I don't ______ what you have said because I don't ______ your honesty.A．believe；believe in B．believe in；believeC．believe；believe D．believe in；believe in3．The great people，for example，Yuan Longping，who have made great ______ to human beings and society will never be forgotten.A．progress B．achievementsC．contributions D．development4．As the train was to pull out，her husband came running along and climbed ______.A．abroad B．broadC．aboard D．board5．They haven't discovered any ______ that would prove her guilty of the crime.Maybe she is innocent.A．symptom B．symbolC．evidence D．belief6．They ______ us on getting married.A．congratulated B．celebratedC．praised D．admired7．She seemed quite unable to ______ on the task in hand and spent almost the entire afternoon chat tering away about n othing in particular.A．concentrate B．connectC．fix D．fill8．—This dress is similar ______ colour and style ______ the dresses most people wear.—It's the fashion this year.A．in；with B．in；toC．to；with D．with；to9．Yesterday I ______ from the Internet that WTO was ______ on April 15,1994.A．found；found B．founded；foundedC．founded；found D．found；founded10．In order to win the beauty contest，Betty bought herself nice clothes，makeup，jewelry and so on.All these things come to 5,000 yuan ______.A．in order B．in factC．in total D．in surprise11．The great inventor Edison is believed to be the first person ______ “hello” on the telephone soon after the invention.A．using B．to useC．used D．to have used12．All the citizens，young and old，walked and sang，beautifully ______ in new clothes of all kinds，______ the success of their football team.A．dressed；celebrating B．wearing；to celebrateC．dressed；to celebrate D．worn；celebrating13．She was scolded because it was the third time th at she ______ late to work.A．was coming B．cameC．had come D．has come14．We have every reason to believe that ______ 2016 Rio Olympic Games will be ______ success.A．/；a B．the；/C．the；a D．a；a15．I had just got up and was about to cook my breakfast，______ the telephone rang loudly，but it hung up ______ I could answer it.A．while；when B．when；asC．as；after D．when；beforeⅢ．完形填空In the fifteenth century in Nuremberg，lived a family with eighteen children.They were so poor that two children，who wanted to pursue their talent for __1__，knew their father would never be __2__ able to send either of them to Nuremberg to study at the Academy.So they tossed（掷）a coin.Albrecht Durer，the younger，__3__ the toss and went off to Nuremberg.Albert went down into the dangerous __4__ and，for the next four years，financed his brother，who did so well that his works were even better than those of most of his __5__.By the time he graduated，he was beginning to earn __6__ fees by drawing for wealthy people.When Albrecht returned home，at dinner he drank a __7__ to his beloved brother for the years of __8__ that had enabled him to fulfill his __9__.He said，“Albert，my blessed brother，now it is your __10__ to go to Nuremberg to pursue your dream，and I will take care of you.”With tears in his eyes，Albert held his hands close to his right cheek and said，“No，brother.I cannot go.Look...look what four years in the mines have done to my __11__！The bones in every finger have been __12__ at least tely I have been suffering from arthritis（关节炎）so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a __13__ to return your toast，much less make delicate lines with a pen or a brush.No，brother...for me it is too __14__.”Deeply moved，Albrecht painstakingly drew his brother's __15__ hands w ith palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward.He called his powerful drawing __16__ “Hands”，to which the entire world immediately opened their hearts and later they __17__ it “The Praying Hands”．The next time you see a copy of that __18__ creation，take a second look.Let it be your __19__，if you still need one，that no one never makes it __20__！1．A．assistance B．art C．science D．dreaming2．A．fundamentally B．frequently C．financially D．flexibly3．A．won B．lost C．ended D．started4．A．mountains B．oceans C．deserts D．mines5．A．classmates B．colleagues C．professors D．brothers6．A．concrete B．considerable C．considerate D．confidential7．A．beer B．drink C．drop D．toast8．A．donation B．education C．sacrifice D．experience9．A．attempt B．ambition C．assignment D．assessment10．A．turn B．dream C．kindness D．hope11．A．health B．body C．mind D．hands12．A．injured B．strengthened C．sharpened D．used13．A．knife B．spoon C．glass D．pen14．A．urgent B．unnecessary C．messy D．late15．A．abused B．dark C．wide D．fragile16．A．seriously B．simply C．carefully D．gently17．A．sold B．bought C．found D．renamed18．A．longing B．touching C．challenging D．disturbing19．A．reminder B．aid C．guide D．coach20．A．along B．aside C．alone D．awareⅣ．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
语法专题十二形容词和副词形容词用来修饰名词，常放在名词前作定语，或者放在系动词后面作表语。
而副词如此用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者整个句子，其位置比拟灵活。
高考经常考查形容词和副词的辨析，以与副词短语的辨析。
考点一形容词作定语的排列顺序几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语〔a，the，these〕＋数量形容词〔two，three〕＋描绘性形容词〔beautiful〕＋大小、长短、上下等形体性形容词〔large，long，high〕＋新旧或年龄〔old〕＋颜色〔red〕＋国籍〔Chinese〕＋材料〔wool，steel〕＋目的或用途＋名词。
an old brown woolen carpet 一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯考点二倍数表达法1．A is＋倍数＋比拟级＋than＋B2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词〔size，length，height 等〕＋of＋B4．A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B5．A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句This building is three times higher than that one.This building is three times as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的三倍高。
The output of this year is 3 times that of 2012.＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2012.今年的产量是2012年的三倍。
考点三形容词、副词的比拟级1．“as＋形容词＋〔a/an〕＋名词＋as〞表示同级比拟，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。
高中英语真题:《志鸿优化设计》2014届高考英语（外研版全国）一轮复习题库：必修4Module3 BodyLanguageandNonverbalCommunicationⅠ．完成句子1．不要泄露我的秘密。
Don't ______ ______ my secret.2．他们都想用车，于是他们达成了一项协议。
They both wanted to use the car，so they ______ ______ ______.3．我发现这块化石纯属偶然。
I discovered the fossil quite ______ ______.4．他每次来看我们时，都会买一些精美的礼物。
______ ______ he comes to see us，he will buy some wonderful gifts.5．无论他回家多么晚，他的母亲都等着他。
______ ______ he went back home，his mother was waiting for him.Ⅱ．单项填空1．（2012上海复兴中学月考，39）The reason why we set up “a green responsibility card” is to give people ______ a feeling of accomplishment. A．involves B．involvingC．involved D．having involved2．（2012吉林期末，34）—Jack，this is the third time that you have been late this week.—Sorry，sir，but I was ______ for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic ja m.A．held up B．put upC．taken up D．given up3．We feel like ordering a lot of goods，but it is impossible to come to ______ unless you give us any di scount.A．make an announcementB．make a dealC．make an appointmentD．make a decision4．She requested that her decision ______ to anyone until next meeting.A．won't be told B．wouldn't tellC．shouldn't tell D．not be told5．（2012福建宁德质检，26）Hundreds of people，inspired by the Occupy Wall Street movement in USA，streamed through midtown Manhattan in ______ they called a “Millionaires M arch”．A．when B．whereC．which D．what6．Using gestures ______ a correct way will help you communicate ______ others in a foreign c ountry.A．on；with B．by；aboutC．in；with D．with；by7．It's bad manners to ______ when others are talking to you. A．switch to B．switch offC．switch on D．switch over8．（2012福建南安一中期末，33）Made up of people from different parts of the world，the neighborhood is much more ______ than any other. A．reliable B．differentC．flexible D．varied9．My parents never remember my phone number，and they always have to look it up ______ they call me. A．every time B．for the timeC．at the time D．in a time10．The government is trying to ______ the drug dealing in the southern part of the country.A．wipe out B．wipe awayC．wipe off D．wipe up11．______ guard whom we thought irresponsible was fired，because he fell asleep when he was on ______ guard.A．A；a B．The；/C．The；a D．A；/12．Bob，I'm as busy ______ my homework as a bee，so I'm afraid I can't help ______ your bike.A．to do；repairing B．doing；repairingC．to do；to repair D．doing；to repair13．（2012北师大附中期中，33）Fearing that the task would not be completed on time，Anderson repeated his request that we ______ the meeting. A．postponed B．could postponeC．must postpone D．postpone14．（2012山东济宁月考，21）—Look! The telephone is broken.Someone damaged it ______ pur pose.—That may be right.But perhaps it was broken ______ accident. A．on；by B．by；byC．on；on D．by；on15．（2012高考冲刺黄金卷，9）—Did the door keeper let you in?—No.______ I tried to tell him that I was your aunt，he just wouldn't listen to me.A．No matter B．Even ifC．However D．WhateverⅢ．完形填空（2013山西山大附中高三月考）Mr.Gray travelled a lot on business.He sold machines of variou s kinds to farmers，which he thought was not really a very __1__ job，but Mr.Gray had always been interested in __2__，and he was quite satisfied with his life.He had a big __3__，and usually enjoyed driving it long distances，but he was also quite __4__ to go by train sometimes too—especially when the weather was __5__.He was a little frightene d of driving in the rain or snow，and it was __6__ tiring to sit comfortably in a train and look out of the windows without being worried about how one was going to get to the next place.One of Mr.Gray's __7__ was often where to stay when he reach ed some small __8__ in the country.He did not expect __9__ an d wonderful food，but he found it annoying when he was given a cool room，and when there was no hot water __10__ good food after a long and tiring day.Late one winter evening，Mr.Gray arrived at a small railway station.The journey by train that __11__ had not been at all interesting，and Mr.Gray was cold and tired and __12__.He was looking for ward to a __13__ but satisfying meal by a brightly burning __14_ _ ，and then a hot bath and a comfortable bed.While he was walking to the taxi stand，he said to a local man who was also __15__ there，“As this is my __16__ visit to this part of the country and I was in too much of a hurry to __17__ about hotels before I left home，I would very much like to know how many you have here.”The local man answered，“We have two.”“And which of the two would you __18__ me to go to？” Mr.Gray asked then.The local man scratched（搔）his __19__ for a few moments and then answered，“Well，it's like this，__20__ one you go to，you'll be sorry you didn't go to the other.”1．A．bad B．hard C．disappointing D．exciting 2．A．farming B．gardening C．travelling D．driving 3．A．taxi B．plane C．car D．boat 4．A．satisfied B．tired C．excited D．encouraged 5．A．cold B．hot C．cool D．bad6．A．more B．less C．much D．so 7．A．problems B．questions C．purposes D．jobs 8．A．rooms B．restaurants C．hotels D．places 9．A．pleasure B．comfort C．quietness D．peace 10．A．or B．and C．but D．nor11．A．time B．day C．week D．moment 12．A．cross B．thirsty C．sleepy D．hungry 13．A．large B．simple C．rich D．wonder ful 14．A．fire B．candle C．oil D．light15．A．staying B．walking C．sitting D．working 16．A．last B．best C．first D．only17．A．talk B．think C．move D．find out 18．A．want B．advise C．allow D．permit 19．A．hand B．arm C．head D．back 20．A．whichever B．whatever C．any D．eachⅣ．短文改错（2013四川南充高中月考）Lately in the afternoon，the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field.As soon as this was done，they had cooked a meal over an open fire.They were all hungry and the food smelt well.After a wonderful meal，they said stories and sang songs by the camp fire.But some tim es later it began to rain.The boys felt tired so they put out the fir e and crept into his tent.Their sleeping bags warm and comforta ble，so they all slept soundly.At the middle of the night，one of the boys woke up or began shouting.The tent had floode d!《志鸿优化设计》2014届高考英语（外研版全国）一轮复习题库：必修4Module3BodyLanguageandNonverbalCommunicationⅠ．完成句子1．不要泄露我的秘密。
高中英语真题:《志鸿优化设计》2014届高考英语（外研版全国）一轮复习题库：必修5Module1 BritishandAmericanEnglishⅠ．完成句子1．与发达国家相比，我们仍有很长的路要走。
______ ______ the developed countries，we still have a long way to go.2．你来或不来都没有什么影响。
It ______ ______ ______ whether you will come or not.3．说实话，我不赞同你的计划。
To tell you the truth，I'm not ______ ______ ______ your plan. 4．我们发现彼此有很多共同点，很合得来。
We found that we had a lot ______ ______ and ______ ______ w ell.5．由于你的到来，我们按时完成这项任务没有什么困难了。
Because of your coming，we will ______ ______ ______ ______ the task on time.Ⅱ．单项填空1．The conference was ______ fixed on the 10th，August，but later the unexpected landslide（山崩），made us put it off. A．normally B．obviouslyC．originally D．presently2．Some students are now busy preparing for the “Independent Recruitment（自主招生）” contest，in hope of getting a “Pass” card at their first ______. A．purpose B．performanceC．desire D．attempt3．The policeman's ______ traffic directions made all the driver s quite ______.A．confused；confused B．confusing；confusing C．confusing；confused D．confused；confusing4．At that time people continued to get ______ in horsedrawn v ehicles.A．around B．upC．behind D．over5．The geography teacher questioned us which country's clima te is ______ to that of China.A．similar B．sameC．familiar D．equal6．（2013上海七宝中学高三摸底，28）Recently a survey ______ prices of the same products in two dif ferent supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A．compared B．being comparedC．compares D．comparing7．I thought that the patient could not live through that night，but he survived ______.A．at all B．after allC．above all D．in turn8．Social networking is an important factor ______ business su ccess.A．devoting to B．appealing toC．attaching to D．leading to9．—John was absent from the training yesterday.—What ______ does it make？We can win the match on Sunday without him. A．contribution B．promiseC．difference D．trouble10．French ______ English ______ having a gender for all noun s.A．different from；in B．is different；fromC．differs from；in D．differs；from11．Most Palestinians are ______ a path of peace，which means they reject a path of violence.A．at the mercy of B．in favor ofC．in terms of D．owing to12．（2012福建四地六校高三月考，23）______ modern science and technology，people lead a more and more comfortable and rich life. A．According to B．In addition toC．Thanks to D．Instead of13．To be frank，I really don't know what they have in ______.They are so differe nt in character.A．common B．ordinaryC．usual D．regular14．Owing to the adequate preparations，the research team did not have much trouble ______ the wrecke d ship.A．to locate B．locatedC．locating D．locate15．（2012陕西西工大附中高三十一模，19）Mr Smith's doctor suggested him ______ cold food these days.A．not eat B．not eatingC．not to eat D．didn't eatⅢ．完形填空（2013江西南昌十九中高三月考）Almost every person has experienced failure.If you have ever b een discouraged because of failure，please read on.For often，achieving what you __1__ to do is not the important thing.Let m e explain.Two brothers decided to dig a __2__ hole behind their house.As they were working，a couple of older boys stopped by to __3__.“What are you doing？” asked one of the visitors.“We plan to dig a hole all the way through the earth！” one of th e brothers __4__ excitedly.The older boys began to laugh，__5__ the younger ones that digging a hole all the way through t he earth was __6__.After a long __7__，one of the diggers picked up a jar full of spiders，worms and a wide variety of insects.He __8__ the lid and showe d the wonderful contents to the scoffing（嘲笑）__9__.Then he said quietly and __10__，“Even if we don't dig all the way through the earth，look what we have found along the way！”Their __11__ was far too ambitious，but it did __12__ them to dig.And that is what a goal is for—to cause us to move in the __13__ we have chosen；__14__ to set us to digging!But not every goal will be fully __15__.Not every job will end suc cessfully.Not every relationship will endure.Not every hope will come to pass.Not every love will last.Not every endeavor will be completed.Not every dream will be __16__.But when you __17__ your aim，perhaps you can say，“Yes，__18__ look at what I found along the way！Look at the wonderful things which have come into my life beca use I tried to do something！”It is in the __19__ that life is lived.And I believe it is joy in the jou rney，in the end，that truly __20__.1．A．look forward B．set about C．set out D．give i n2．A．wide B．shallow C．large D．deep 3．A．watch B．discuss C．introduce D．instruct 4．A．whispered B．volunteered C．lectured D ．commented5．A．telling B．explaining C．expressing D．arguin g6．A．unnecessary B．impossible C．unbelievable D．i ncorrect7．A．recreation B．intention C．silence D．imagin ation8．A．folded B．removed C．covered D．deleted 9．A．visitors B．hunters C．contributors D．volunt eers10．A．strictly B．curiously C．immediately D．confid ently11．A．idea B．thought C．belief D．goal 12．A．make B．cause C．expect D．force 13．A．direction B．feeling C．chance D．decisio n14．A．as a result B．now and then C．in other words D ．all the way15．A．absorbed B．achieved C．controlled D．deci ded16．A．predicted B．grasped C．realized D．depen ded17．A．correspond to B．head for C．live up to D．fallshort of18．A．and B．so C．but D．or 19．A．digging B．searching C．arranging D．disco vering20．A．regards B．proves C．occurs D．matters Ⅳ．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
《志鸿优化设计》2014届高考英语（外研版 全国）一轮复习教学案：必修1Module1MyFirstDayatSeniorHigh一、关于英语学习的发言稿Step Ⅰ千里之行，始于足下。
A journey o f one thousand miles begins with the firststep!这里的佳句背诵是为了Step Ⅲ的满分作文 句型和过渡词提炼与拓展1．每天读书对年轻人有好处。
Reading every day is helpful to the young. 2．我想和你交流一下对这部电影的看法。
I'd like to share my opinions with you about this film.3．首先，我认为一个人在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。
First of all ，I think it important to make more friends abroad.4．你去的国家和我去的一样多。
You have trav elled to as many countries as I have.5．你做的题目越多，你的数学就越好。
The more exercises you do ，the better your math will be.1．Doing sth.is helpful to ...做某事对……有好处。
2．I'd like to share my opinions with ...我想和……交流一下。
3．I think it important to ...我认为……重要。
4．You do as many ...as I do.你做了和我一样多的……5．the ＋比较级，the ＋比较级 越……，就越……表示列举的过渡词：first ，second ，third ，...finally ；firstly ，secondly ，thirdly ，...finally ； first ofall ...then ...next ...finally ...趁热打铁，佳句活用对照修改，再次背诵1．掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。
《志鸿优化设计》2014届高考英语（外研版全国）一轮复习题库：必修4Module1 LifeintheFutureⅠ．完成句子1．当心！前面危险！______ ______！There's a danger ahead.2．我们所依赖的资源迟早会枯竭的。
The res ources we ______ ______ will ______ ______ sooner or later.3．该到我们改掉坏习惯的时候了。
It's time that we ______ ______ ______ our bad habits.4．你太年轻了，不懂得这些事情。
You are ______ ______ ______ understand such things.5．无论它有多贵，我都要买下它。
______ ______ ______ ______ it may be，I'll take it.Ⅱ．单项填空1．The motorway was closed because of the thick fog，so we had to find a（n ）______ route.A．competitive B．effectiveC．collective D．alternative2．It is difficult to ______ what the long term effects of the accident will be.A．ensure B．predictC．look forward to D．understand3．Driving speed is ______ 50 kph within ______.A．controlled to；limits B．limited within；limitC．limited to；limits D．controlled within；limit4．—When can I come for the book？I need it this afternoon.—It should be ready by noon.You can ______ us.A．wait on B．watch onC．rely on D．call on5．When he unwrapped the box，he saw a large diamond ______ like a rose.A．looked B．shapedC．appeared D．formed6．He opened the windows to ______ the bad smell.A．get away B．get offC．get over D．get rid of7．（2012山东高考针对性训练，33）We are ______ a survey to find out what pe ople think of the local bus service.A．setting down B．carrying outC．giving away D．bringing about8．Nowadays，EQ and PQ as well as IQ ______ in children's growth.A．is made the best ofB．are caught up withC．is paid attention toD．are attached importance to9．Could you give me a hand？It seems that my strength has ______.A．used up B．been given outC．run out D．been run out10．You can take as many as you like because they are free of ______.A．fare B．chargeC．money D．pay11．（2012山东高考仿真四，26）They do not think how much money they can make from a song；______，they sing for their emotions and live for music.A．however B．thereforeC．anyway D．instead12．—Thank you very much.—Not at all.I was ______ glad to help.A．too B．only tooC．not so D．much13．—Are you going to participate in the speech contest?— ______ How wonderful an opportunity!A．No problem! B．Why bother?C．Why not? D．That is for sure.14．______ words I use can not express my appreciation of your timely help.A．Whatever B．How manyC．No matter what D．Whichever15．Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant.A．working B．workC．to work D．workedⅢ．完形填空（2013安徽皖南八校联考）Night after night，she came to tuck me in（掖被子），even lon g after my childhood years.Following her long habit，she'd lean down and push my long __1__ out of the way，then kiss my forehead.I don't remember when it first__2__ annoying me—her hands pushing my hair that way.But it did annoy me，__3__ they felt work-worn and rough __4__ my young skin.One night，I shouted out at her.“Don't do that anymore—your hands are too rough！”She didn't say anything in __5__.But never again did my mother end my day with that__6__ expression of her love.With the passing years，my thoughts returned to that night.By then I missedmy mother's __7__.Sometimes the __8__ seemed very close，sometimes far away.But always it was in my mind.Now I'm not a little girl anymore.Mom is in her mid-seventies，and tho se hands I __9__ thought to be so rough are still doingthings for me and my family.She's been __10__ doctor，reaching into a medicinebox to __11__ a young girl's stomachache or soothe（缓和）the boy's injured __12__.Now，my own children has grown and __13__.Mom no longer has Dad，and on special occasions，I find myself drawn next door to __14__ the night with her.So it was late on Thanksgiving Eve，as I slept in the __15__ of my youth，a familiar hand hesitantly __16__ my face to brush the hair from my forehead.Thena kiss，ever so gently，__17__ my forehead.For the thousandth time，I recalled the night my young voice complained，“Don't __18__ that anymore—your hands are too rough！” Catching Mom's hand in hand，I blurted out（脱口而出）how sorry I was for that night.Ithought she'd remember，as I did.But Mom didn't know what I was talking about.She had forgotten—and forgiven—long ago.That night，I fell asleep witha new __19__ for my gentle mother and her __20__ hands.And the guilt that I hadcarried around for so long was nowhere to be found.1．A．hair B．bed C．chair D．arm2．A．delayed B．started C．allowed D．avoided3．A．but B．or C．so D．for4．A．past B．under C．against D．above5．A．debt B．reply C．danger D．total6．A．familiar B．difficult C．anxious D．sad7．A．words B．presents C．books D．hands8．A．courage B．incident C．failure D．satisfaction9．A．recently B．seldom C．never D．once10．A．his B．its C．our D．her11．A．treat B．blame C．ignore D．doubt12．A．toy B．shirt C．glass D．knee13．A．disappointed B．hidden C．missing D．gone14．A．spend B．design C．order D．forget15．A．hotel B．train C．bedroom D．office16．A．knocked over B．gave out C．ran across D．applied for17．A．directed B．touched C．operated D．raised18．A．eat B．cook C．win D．do19．A．instrument B．argument C．appreciation D．invention20．A．fat B．caring C．dirty D．strongⅣ．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
细菌病毒真菌支原体的区别前言在门诊上有些家长会问，孩子血常规是怎么回事？是什么原因引起的孩子发烧，经常听到的回答有细菌感染，病毒感染，还有最近让很多孩子和家长受累的肺炎支原体感染，那么这些细菌病毒还有支原体都是哪些呢？会什么会引起人体疾病?细菌、病毒和支原体都属于微生物微生物是一类肉眼不能直接看见，必须借助光学显微镜或电子显微镜放大几百倍或几万倍后才能观察到的微小生物的总称。
它们具有形体微小、结构简单：繁殖迅速、容易变异；种类繁多、分布广泛等特点。
自然界存在的微生物达数十万种以上，分布在土壤、空气、水、人与动物的体表及其与外界相通的腔道，如呼吸道、消化道等部位。
大量的微生物组成了一个生物多样性的微生物世界，根据微生物有无细胞基本结构、分化程度、化学组成等特点，微生物可分为三大类。
1.非细胞型微生物无细胞结构，无产生能量的酶系统，由单一核酸（RNA/DNA）和蛋白质衣壳组成，必须在活细胞内增殖。
病毒属此类微生物。
2. 原核细胞型微生物细胞核分化程度低，只有DNA 盘绕而成的拟核，无核仁和核膜；除核糖体外，无其他细胞器。
这类微生物包括细菌、衣原体、支原体、立克次体、螺旋体和放线菌。
3. 真核細胞型微生物自然界中的绝大多数微生物对人类和动、植物的生存是有益的，有些甚至是必要的。
只有少数微生物能引起人类及动、植物发生病害，称病原微生物。
微生物在自然界中氨、碳、硫等元素的循环方面起着重要作用。
微生物的代谢作用在保证自然界食物链的形成，维持人类和动、植物的生存和生命的延续十分重要。
而且微生物已被广泛应用于人类生活中的各个领域。
特别是在医药工业方面，许多抗生素（如青素、四环素、链素等）都是微生物的次级代谢产物。
人类和动物的腔道（口、鼻、咽部、肠道等）内也存在着微生物，在正常情况下这些微生物是无害的，称为正常菌群。
但在某些特定的条件下，这类微生物可致病，故又称作条件致病性微生物。
如大肠埃希菌寄居在肠道不致病，但若移居到腹腔、胆囊、泌尿道后就能引起感染性疾病。
《志鸿优化设计》2014届高考英语（外研版全国）一轮复习教学案：选修8Modules12 DeepSouth&TheRenaissance八、议论文Step Ⅰ千里之行，始于足下。
A journey of one thousand miles begins with the first step! 这里的佳句背诵是为了Step Ⅲ的满分作文句型提炼与拓展1．近来我们对是否禁放烟花爆竹进行了讨论。
Recently we had a discussion about whether fireworks should be banned. 2．不同的学生持有不同的观点。
Different students have/hold different opinions.3．40% 的学生赞同这个做法，原因如下。
40% of the students are in favor ofit.Here are the reasons.4．首先，孩子学习努力，值得奖赏。
First of all, the child deserves a reward for his efforts in study.5．其次，家庭轿车能方便上班工作。
In addition, having a private car will bring more convenience to their work. 6．开车能方便随时见客户，这反过来对公司有好处。
Cars provide easy access to the customers, which will in turn benefit the firm. 1．Recently we had a discussio n about whether ...近来我们对是否……进行了讨论。
2．... have/hold different opinions.……持有不同的观点。
3．...are in favor of/for it.……赞同这个做法。
《志鸿优化设计》2014届高考英语（外研版全国）一轮复习题库：选修8Modules56 TheConquestoftheUniverse&TheTangPoems Ⅰ．完成句子1．尽管天气很热，他们仍然在操场上跑步。
______ ______ ______ the hot weather they still run in the playground.2．我们不赞同在公共场合吸烟。
We don't ______ ______ smoking in public.3．这个房子与我的需求完全一致。
The house exactly ______ ______ my needs.4．他的预言被证明是真实的。
What he predicted ______ ______.5．台湾是中国的一部分是大家所公认的。
______ ______ universally ______ ______ Taiwan is part of China.Ⅱ．单项填空1．I'm sorry that what I said just now has hurt you，but I didn't do it ______.A．deliberately B．actuallyC．carelessly D．especially2．You should ______ him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.A．pretend B．believe C．assume D．think3．After the accident，the police spent a week finding out the person who ______ it.A．witnessed B．stared atC．proved D．heard of4．I once lived a very miserable life，so I have a lot of ______ with the poor.A．shame B．sympathy C．pain D．sadness5．—I'm not ______ up so early yet，but I have to ______ myself to it.—Yeah.Just as the saying goes，“The early bird catches the worm.”A．used to getting；adoptB．accustomed to getting；accustomC．used to get；adaptD．accustomed to get；accustom6．To be honest，we ______ that there have been dreadful mistakes and inexcusable mistreatment in the past，but we have learned a lot from them.A．appreciate B．accumulateC．assess D．acknowledge7．（2013江苏兴化板桥中学月考，25）When he was driving home，he was stopped by the policeman and was ______ of speeding.A．charged B．blamed C．accused D．warned8．When you meet with difficulties in study，you may ______ your teachers who are always ready to instruct you.A．search B．find C．consult D．seek9．Sean's strong love for his country is ______ in his recently published poems.A．relieved B．reflectedC．responded D．recovered10．（2013辽宁阜新中学月考，27）______ in the information were documents ______ that my husband had been out of town in his car that day.A．Included；proving B．Included；provedC．Including；proving D．Including；proved11．（2013湖南师大附中月考，25）A majority of Chinese approved ______ keeping the Golden Week holidays and would like to see more traditional Chinese festivals______ to the holiday calendar，according to a China Daily web poll（民意调查）.A．to；adding B．of；addedC．/；to add D．on；add12．（2012山东潍坊寿光现代中学一模，30）“Does the name on the envelope ______ the name on the letter inside？”asked Mr.Black.A．correspond with B．appeal toC．respond to D．rely on13．（2013江西白鹭洲中学月考，26）______，there is little I can do to help.A．As I sympathize with your difficulties muchB．Much as I sympathize with your difficultiesC．With your di fficulties as I sympathize muchD．Sympathize much as I with your difficulties14．—What's your feeling now?—I am terribly sorry.If only I ______ here yesterday!A．came B．would have comeC．have come D．had come15．The government must be very ______ about setting policies and make no decision until they are quite sure it is the right one.A．particular B．concernedC．cautious D．certainⅢ．完形填空（2013山西示范高中高三月考）One morning all the employees reached the office as usual.And on the wall they saw a big __1__ on which it was written: Yesterday，the person who has been __2__ our growth in this company passed __3__.We invite you to join the funeral prepared in the __4__.In the beginning，they all got __5__ for the death of one of their colleagues.__6__ after a while they started getting __7__ to know who was the man that limited the growth of his colleagues and the company itself.The __8__ in the gym was such that security agents（保安）were __9__ to control the crowd within the room.The more people reached the coffin，the more the excitement __10__ up.Everyone whispered to each other: “__11__ on earth is this guy？”One by one the excited employees got closer to the coffin，and when they __12__ inside it，they __13__ became speechless.They stood nearby the coffin，shocked and in __14__，as if someone had __15__ the deepest part of their soul.There was a __16__ inside the coffin；everyone who looked inside it could see himself.There was also a sign next to the mirror that __17__ : there is only one person who is __18__ to set limits to your growth: IT IS __19__！！！！！！Your life doesn't change when everyone around you changes.Your life changes when YOU change，when you go beyond your limiting beliefs inside.Don't be afraid of __20__；build yourself and your reality.It's the way you face life itself that makes the difference!1．A．card B．post C．sign D．letter2．A．encouraging B．helping C．building D．limiting3．A．on B．by C．away D．down4．A．office B．gym C．way D．meeting room5．A．sad B．excited C．afraid D．calm6．A．And B．But C．Or D．So7．A．ready B．pleased C．curious D．serious8．A．surprise B．anger C．excitement D．sad ness9．A．admitted B．forced C．forbidden D．ordered10．A．heated B．woke C．turned D．kept11．A．Where B．What C．How D．Who12．A．walked B．looked C．got D．turned13．A．suddenly B．gradually C．merely D．extremely14．A．sorrow B．order C．silence D．person15．A．stolen B．touched C．attacked D．seen16．A．letter B．book C．mirror D．person17．A．wrote B．read C．showed D．reflected18．A．sure B．eager C．afraid D．able19．A．YOU B．ME C．HE D．ITSELF20．A．punishment B．praises C．changes D．blameⅣ．阅读理解Surface Exploration.Robots make great explorers on planets，moons，and other landing areas.Aside from earth，just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore.The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe，making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment.The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.Plus there would be complications with radiation，weather，and a lack of gravity.Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.Data Collection.Robots are designed for collecting scientific data.Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one ti me and can process information much quicker and more efficiently.Important scientific projects from detecting minerals，analyzing ground samples，and finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots.Cost Effective.The use of robots has made the cost of space explor ation much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans，but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip.Moreover，robots have no problems working for hours on end.Robots never complain，they don't require food or water，and they never need a bathroom break.Space Travel.Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space.Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are the Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars.They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even f ound evidence of water in Mars' history.1．Which column could the passage come from?A．Education. B．Finance.C．Travel. D．Science.2．The underlined word “withstand” most probably means “______”．A．arise B．bear C．defeat D．diverse3．What is the writer's attitude in this passage?A．Negative. B．Pe rsuasive.C．Subjective. D．Objective.4．While sending an astronaut into the space，we should consider the following EXCEPT ______.A．the radiation B．the oxygenC．the diet D．the alien参考答案Ⅰ．1．In spite of 2．approve of 3．corresponds with 4．proved true 5．It is；acknowledged thatⅡ．1．A deliberately意为“故意地”；actually意为“实际上”；carelessly意为“粗心地”；especially意为“特别地”。
语法专题十数词和主谓一致一、数词数词分为两种：基数词（表示数目）和序数词（表示顺序）。
考点一dozen与score的用法1．dozen（一打，十二），score（二十）与具体数词或与many，several 等连用时，后不加s，所修饰的名词前常省去of。
如：two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋，many dozen pencils 好多打铅笔；dozen，score的复数形式后接of时，表示“许多”，是概数。
如：dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋，scores of pencils几十支铅笔。
此外，有“数词＋score＋of＋名词”这种用法。
如：two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋，three score of people 60个人。
2．当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these，those，my，your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them，us，you时，这时需要加of。
如：two dozen of these pens，three score of them。
考点二分数的表达法分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，则分母用复数。
如：onefourth（a quarter）1/4 twofifths 2/5Twothirds of the money was spent on food.考点三年龄的表达法表示某人的确切年龄，用“基数词＋years old”或者“at the age of＋基数词”，也可直接用基数词；表示某人几十多岁时，用“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数（如tens，twenties，thirties等）”来表达。
She is still in her twenties.她才二十几岁。
考点四年代的表达法表示“几十年代”时，在阿拉伯数字后加s或's。
My grandpa was born in 1910's.二、主谓一致谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。
“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。
主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。
“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。
考点一谓语动词用单数的情况1．主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词时。
Ten miles is not a long way for me.2．由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语，前面由不定代词every/each/no 修饰时。
Every student and every teacher is in the classroom.3．and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，因而两个名词共用一个冠词时。
The writer and artist has come.Bread and butter is her favourite food.4．the number of＋复数名词作主语时。
The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800.5．动名词（短语）、不定式、从句等作主语时。
What he said is very important for us all.6．one and a half＋复数名词；more than one＋单数名词；many a＋单数名词作主语时。
More than one student has gone to Beijing.7．“the＋形容词”表示一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数。
The new is sure to replace the old.考点二谓语动词用复数的情况1．有些集合名词，如：clothes，cattle，folk，people，police，poultry（家禽）等作主语，后面的谓语动词多用复数形式。
The police are searching for the murderer.2．“the＋形容词或分词”表示某一类人时动词用复数。
The old ar e living a happy life now.3．由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式（不可数名词同样）。
Both coffee and beer are on sale in t he shop.考点三谓语动词单复数视情况而定1．集合名词如：group，family，class，government，team，public，enemy，crowd，audience，club，party，crew等作主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
The family which is not big like watching football games.2．主语是单复数同形的名词如：deer，sheep，fish，series，species，means，works，aircraft等时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。
A new means has been used by our government.Many means have not come into effect.3．代词none，neither，all等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于所指代的内容。
All our hope has gone.All the students have come on time.4．population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。
当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.Eighty percent of the population in this country are farmers.考点四“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致1．有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语，该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。
The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.2．当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more t han，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数要与它们前面的主语取得一致。
The singer together with his agent has arrived.考点五“名词（或代词）＋of＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致1．由“some，plenty，a lot，lots，most，the rest，all，half，part或分数、百分数＋of＋名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。
一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。
About one third of the books are well worth reading.Over 30% of the work has been finished.2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词＋of this kind”等，以及type，sort，part，piece，section，pair等构成的同类型短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。
This kind of animals is dangerous.Animals of this kind are dangerous.3．“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“large amount s of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a large quantity of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“a large quantity of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“large quantities of＋不可数名词/复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a good/great deal of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
Vast amo unts of money are being invested in the local market.考点六就近原则1．由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin's movies.Are either you or your brother going to the party?2．there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
There are some envelopes and paper for you.考点七定语从句中的主谓一致1．在定语从句里，关系代词that，who，which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.2．“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。
Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad.3．“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.1．（2012·陕西高考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A．were B．wasC．is D．are2．（2012·湖南高考）All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______ damaging our health.A．show；are B．shows；areC．show；is D．shows；is3．（2011·安徽高考）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which ______ saved for other purposes.A．is B．areC．was D．were4．（2011·湖南高考）Onethird of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people.A．is；are B．is；isC．are；are D．are；is5．（2011·江苏高考）The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A．suggest B．suggestsC．suggested D．suggesting6．（2013·安徽皖南八校第二次联考）It is either he or you ______in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually.A．who is B．that isC．who are D．which are7．（2013·云南昆明摸底调研）The girl found the Tshirt sold online was______that in the supermarket.A．as half cheap as B．cheap as half asC．the half price of D．half the price of8．（2013·北京东城第二次联考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A．were B．wasC．is D．are9．（2013·四川南充月考）The driver，______ the passengers，______ responsible for the accident.A．more than；are B．rather than；isC．other than；were D．less than；was10．（2013·陕西西安月考）My sister，as well as her classmates who ______late for class，______criticized by Mr Hunt.A．were ；was B．was；wereC．was；was D．were；were11．（2013·河南开封模拟）______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.A．Two fifth；is B．Two fifths；areC．Two fifth；are D．Two fifths；is12．Everyone，men and women，old and young ______ sports and games.A．is enjoy B．were enjoyingC．enjoys D．enjoy13．Mayor as well as volunteer workers ______ the newlybuilt stadium.A．is cleaning B．are cleaningC．were cleaning D．have cleaned14．Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.A．have known B．knowsC．is known D．are known15．The public ______ the best judge because the public always ______ their thoughts.A．are；express B．is；expressC．is；expresses D．are；expresses16．The family as well as their dog ______ on the roof by the flood.A．was trapped B．trappedC．were trapped D．trapping17．Cattle ______ well in the country market at present，according to the evening news.A．sell B．sellsC．is being sold D．will be sold18．All the furniture in my office ______ made in Hong Kong.A．is B．areC．were D．had been19．Every means ______to prevent the water from ______.A．are used；polluting B．get used；pollutionC．is used；polluted D．has been used；being polluted20．Is it he or you ______ in charge of the job?A．who is B．that isC．who are D．whom are21．I think Class One ______ to win because Class One ______ all football lovers.A．is likely；areB．are likely；areC．is likely；isD．are likely；is22．Britain ______ many other industrialized countries，______ major changesover the last 100 years.A．together with；have experiencedB．as well as；have experiencedC．in common with；has experiencedD．instead of；has experienced23．Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes______ sent to the disaste rhit area since the powerful earthquake occurr ed.A．has b een B．have beenC．is being D．are being24．What the children in the mountain village need ______ good books.A．is B．areC．have D．has25．A teacher of English and head teacher ______ us something about volunteer workers.A．are telling B．is tellingC．are given D．were given26．Nothing but several glasses ______ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A．was B．wereC．have been D．would be27．（2013·广西桂林中学模拟）It's said that ______ of the students ______ absent.A．threefifth；areB．threefifths；isC．thirdfifth；isD．threefifths；are28．（2013·湖南湘中名校联考）Not Jack，but you and I ______to blame for the accident.We were so careless.A．am B．isC．are D．should29．（2013·湖南湘中名校联考）—What a lot of money！Is it meant for me?—Yes，darling.If you get full marks in the exam，you'll have ______ that.A．more than twice thanB．more than twice as much asC．twice as much thanD．as much twice as30．（2013·湖南重点中学月考）More than one doctor ______ involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.A．were B．wasC．are D．is31．（2013·吉林油田高中摸底）The girl sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ______ from the countryside in our class.A．was B．wereC．is D．are32．（2013·银川一中二次月考）—Did you go to the show last night?—Yeah.Every boy and every girl in the area ______ invited.A．were B．wasC．has been D．have been参考答案1．B as well as 连接两个并列的名词作主语时，根据其前面的名词来确定谓语动词的形式。
