语法专题十数词和主谓一致
一、数词
数词分为两种：基数词（表示数目）和序数词（表示顺序）。
考点一dozen与score的用法
1．dozen（一打，十二），score（二十）与具体数词或与many，several 等连用时，后不加s，所修饰的名词前常省去of。如：two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋，many dozen pencils 好多打铅笔；dozen，score的复数形式后接of时，表示“许多”，是概数。如：dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋，scores of pencils几十支铅笔。此外，有“数词＋score＋of＋名词”这种用法。如：two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋，three score of people 60个人。
2．当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these，those，my，your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them，us，you时，这时需要加of。如：two dozen of these pens，three score of them。
考点二分数的表达法
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，则分母用复数。如：one-fourth（a quarter）1/4 two-fifths 2/5
Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.
考点三年龄的表达法
表示某人的确切年龄，用“基数词＋years old”或者“at the age of＋基数词”，也可直接用基数词；表示某人几十多岁时，用“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数（如tens，twenties，thirties等）”来表达。
She is still in her twenties.她才二十几岁。
考点四年代的表达法
表示“几十年代”时，在阿拉伯数字后加s或's。
My grandpa was born in 1910's.
二、主谓一致
谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。
考点一谓语动词用单数的情况
1．主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词时。
Ten miles is not a long way for me.
2．由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语，前面由不定代词every/each/no 修饰时。
Every student and every teacher is in the classroom.
3．and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，因而两个名词共用一个冠词时。
The writer and artist has come.
Bread and butter is her favourite food.
4．the number of＋复数名词作主语时。
The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800.
5．动名词（短语）、不定式、从句等作主语时。
What he said is very important for us all.
6．one and a half＋复数名词；more than one＋单数名词；many a＋单数名词作主语时。
More than one student has gone to Beijing.
7．“the＋形容词”表示一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数。
The new is sure to replace the old.
考点二谓语动词用复数的情况
1．有些集合名词，如：clothes，cattle，folk，people，police，poultry（家禽）等作主语，后面的谓语动词多用复数形式。
The police are searching for the murderer.
2．“the＋形容词或分词”表示某一类人时动词用复数。
The old ar e living a happy life now.
3．由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式（不可数名词同样）。
Both coffee and beer are on sale in t he shop.
考点三谓语动词单复数视情况而定
1．集合名词如：group，family，class，government，team，public，enemy，crowd，audience，club，party，crew等作主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
The family which is not big like watching football games.
2．主语是单复数同形的名词如：deer，sheep，fish，series，species，means，works，aircraft等时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。
A new means has been used by our government.
Many means have not come into effect.
3．代词none，neither，all等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于所指代的内容。
All our hope has gone.
All the students have come on time.
4．population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
Eighty percent of the population in this country are farmers.
考点四“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致
1．有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语，该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。
The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.
2．当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more t han，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数要与它们前面的主语取得一致。
The singer together with his agent has arrived.
考点五“名词（或代词）＋of＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致
1．由“some，plenty，a lot，lots，most，the rest，all，half，part或分数、百分数＋of＋名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。
About one third of the books are well worth reading.
Over 30% of the work has been finished.
2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词＋of this kind”等，以及type，sort，part，piece，section，pair等构成的同类型短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。
This kind of animals is dangerous.
Animals of this kind are dangerous.
3．“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“large amount s of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a large quantity of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“a large quantity of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“large quantities of＋不可数名词/复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a good/great deal of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
Vast amo unts of money are being invested in the local market.
考点六就近原则
1．由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin's movies.
Are either you or your brother going to the party?
2．there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
There are some envelopes and paper for you.
考点七定语从句中的主谓一致
1．在定语从句里，关系代词that，who，which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.
2．“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。
Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad.
3．“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
1．（2012·陕西高考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．were B．was
C．is D．are
2．（2012·湖南高考）All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______ damaging our health.
A．show；are B．shows；are
C．show；is D．shows；is
3．（2011·安徽高考）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which ______ saved for other purposes.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
4．（2011·湖南高考）One-third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people.
A．is；are B．is；is
C．are；are D．are；is
5．（2011·江苏高考）The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A．suggest B．suggests
C．suggested D．suggesting
6．（2013·安徽皖南八校第二次联考）It is either he or you ______in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually.
A．who is B．that is
C．who are D．which are
7．（2013·云南昆明摸底调研）The girl found the T-shirt sold online was______that in the supermarket.
A．as half cheap as B．cheap as half as
C．the half price of D．half the price of
8．（2013·北京东城第二次联考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．were B．was
C．is D．are
9．（2013·四川南充月考）The driver，______ the passengers，______ responsible for the accident.
A．more than；are B．rather than；is
C．other than；were D．less than；was
10．（2013·陕西西安月考）My sister，as well as her classmates who ______late for class，______criticized by Mr Hunt.
A．were ；was B．was；were
C．was；was D．were；were
11．（2013·河南开封模拟）______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A．Two fifth；is B．Two fifths；are
C．Two fifth；are D．Two fifths；is
12．Everyone，men and women，old and young ______ sports and games.
A．is enjoy B．were enjoying
C．enjoys D．enjoy
13．Mayor as well as volunteer workers ______ the newly-built stadium.
A．is cleaning B．are cleaning
C．were cleaning D．have cleaned
14．Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.
A．have known B．knows
C．is known D．are known
15．The public ______ the best judge because the public always ______ their thoughts.
A．are；express B．is；express
C．is；expresses D．are；expresses
16．The family as well as their dog ______ on the roof by the flood.
A．was trapped B．trapped
C．were trapped D．trapping
17．Cattle ______ well in the country market at present，according to the evening news.
A．sell B．sells
C．is being sold D．will be sold
18．All the furniture in my office ______ made in Hong Kong.
A．is B．are
C．were D．had been
19．Every means ______to prevent the water from ______.
A．are used；polluting B．get used；pollution
C．is used；polluted D．has been used；being polluted
20．Is it he or you ______ in charge of the job?
A．who is B．that is
C．who are D．whom are
21．I think Class One ______ to win because Class One ______ all football lovers.
A．is likely；are
B．are likely；are
C．is likely；is
D．are likely；is
22．Britain ______ many other industrialized countries，______ major changes
over the last 100 years.
A．together with；have experienced
B．as well as；have experienced
C．in common with；has experienced
D．instead of；has experienced
23．Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes______ sent to the disaste r-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurr ed.
A．has b een B．have been
C．is being D．are being
24．What the children in the mountain village need ______ good books.
A．is B．are
C．have D．has
25．A teacher of English and head teacher ______ us something about volunteer workers.
A．are telling B．is telling
C．are given D．were given
26．Nothing but several glasses ______ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A．was B．were
C．have been D．would be
27．（2013·广西桂林中学模拟）It's said that ______ of the students ______ absent.
A．three-fifth；are
B．three-fifths；is
C．third-fifth；is
D．three-fifths；are
28．（2013·湖南湘中名校联考）Not Jack，but you and I ______to blame for the accident.We were so careless.
A．am B．is
C．are D．should
29．（2013·湖南湘中名校联考）—What a lot of money！Is it meant for me?
—Yes，darling.If you get full marks in the exam，you'll have ______ that.
A．more than twice than
B．more than twice as much as
C．twice as much than
D．as much twice as
30．（2013·湖南重点中学月考）More than one doctor ______ involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
A．were B．was
C．are D．is
31．（2013·吉林油田高中摸底）The girl sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ______ from the countryside in our class.
A．was B．were
C．is D．are
32．（2013·银川一中二次月考）—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah.Every boy and every girl in the area ______ invited.
A．were B．was
C．has been D．have been
参考答案
1．B as well as 连接两个并列的名词作主语时，根据其前面的名词来确定谓语动词的形式。句意：由于出色的表现，比赛结束不久，这位篮球教练和他的队员们接受了采访。由句意可知动作发生在过去，故选B项。
2．D 第一个空的主语为不可数名词evidence，故其谓语动词要用单数shows；第二个空的主语为use，谓语动词也要用单数形式。句意：所有的科学证据都表明农业中对化学品日益增长的使用正损害我们的身体健康。故D项正确。
3．D 句意：这家工厂用了65%的原材料，剩余的被作为它用。raw materials是先行词，which引导的定语从句中，the rest作主语；the rest作主语时，谓语的数由其后的名词而定，而which＝raw materials，所以谓语要用复数形式；由主句中的时态可知，从句中要用一般过去时态。故选D项。
4．A “国家三分之一的领土”在概念上是单数，故系动词用单数；而“国家公民的大多数”是复数，故系动词用复数。句意：这个国家三分之一的领土被树木覆盖且多数公民为黑人。故选A项。
5．B 句意：目前许多人仍然在公共场所吸烟的事实表明我们需要开展一场全国范围的运动来提高人们对吸烟危险性的认识。分析句子结构可知，主语是the fact，其后的that 引导的是同位语从句，因此主句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，结合上下文时态可确定，此处用一般现在时。
6．C either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词要和临近的主语一致。先行词是you，故用are。
7．D 句意：这个女孩发现网上卖的T恤衫是超市里卖的价格的一半。倍数的表达有三种方式：1）倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋被比对象，这一句型中，如果形容词修饰一单数可数名词，那么要把形容词提到冠词的前面来，即：倍数＋as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋as＋被比对象；2）倍数＋形容词或者副词的比较级＋than＋被比对象；3）倍数＋the＋size/width/depth/length/height＋of＋被比对象。这里考查的是第三种形式。
8．B as well as连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语一致。这里和the basketball coach一致，而且是过去时，故选B项。
9．B 句意：是这个司机而不是乘客应为此次事故负责。名词＋rather than＋另一名词作主语时，谓语动词与第一个名词取得人称和数的一致。故B项正确。
10．A 第一个空为定语从句中的谓语动词，修饰先行词classmates，为复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式；as well as 连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词要与第一个取得一致，因此第二个空要用单数形式。故只有A项正确。
11．D 句意：那个地区五分之二的陆地都被绿树草地所覆盖。two-fifths表示“五分之二”，分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of后的名词取得一致。land为不可数名词，故正确答案为D项。
12．C 本句主语是不定代词everyone，表示单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。因此选择C项。
13．A 名词＋as well as ＋另一名词作主语时，谓语动词要与前面的名词保持人称和数的一致，此处mayor是单数名词，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。
14．B 主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
15．B 前一个public（公众）表示的是集体、整体，故谓语动词要用单数形式。后一个public表示的是个体，即公众中每个成员，故谓语动词要用复数形式。因此B项正确。
16．C 分析句子结构可以看出，句子缺少谓语动词。as well as 当作介词使用，后面的成分不能作主语，主语是the family，在这里指的是一家人，侧重个体成员，所以谓语动词用复数形式。人是被洪水困住的，所以用被动语态。句意：那家人还有他们养的狗都被洪水困在了屋顶。
17．A 有些集合名词作主语时，应以复数看待。这类名词有people，cattle，police 等。故此处谓语动词要用复数形式，故A项正确。
18．A 此处furniture作主语，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。
19．D 本题考查单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式。这一类动词有means，
works，species等。句意：（政府）用尽一切办法来阻止水受污染。
20．C 此处为强调句型，强调了主语 he or you，根据强调句型结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋ that/who＋其他”，首先排除D项；谓语的单复数根据所强调的主语he or you 确定，or连接并列主语时采用就近一致原则，因此根据you确定谓语为are。
21．A 前一个Class One是“一班”，指集体，故谓语动词要用单数形式；后一个Class One指一班的同学们，指所有个体，故谓语动词要用复数形式。
22．C in common with意为“和……一样”，谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持一致。句意：与其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经历了重大的变化。 A、B两项第一空together with，as well as意思及用法与in common with类似，均错在第二空；D项instead of “而不是”，不合句意。
23．A 这里的主语是some necessary equipment，所以谓语动词用单数形式。时间状语为since＋过去时，所以谓语动词要用完成时。
24．B what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。
25．B 句意：一位英语老师兼班主任正在给我们讲有关志愿者的一些事情。句中and 连接的teacher和head tea cher共用一个不定冠词，说明是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
26．A 此处是由but连接的nothing和several glasses放在主语的位置上，真正的主语是nothing，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
27．D 五分之三的正确表达为“three-fifths”，分数/百分数＋of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词要与of后的名词取得一致。此处指students，故D项正确。
28．C not...but...作主语时谓语动词的数要与but后的名词取得一致，and连接两个并列的不同概念的名词时谓语动词要用复数形式，故此处选择C项。
29．B A＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B或者A＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B，故此处只有B 项正确。
30．B more than one＋单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且根据句中took 可知要用过去时，故只有B项正确。
31．C 句意：坐在窗边的这个女孩是我们班唯一一个来自农村的学生。此处为定语从句中的主谓一致。先行词为one，而不是students，故谓语动词用单数，且时态为现在时态，故只有C项正确。
32．B every＋单数名词＋and＋every＋单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，根据第一句话中的“did”可知时态要用一般过去时。故B项正确。
1. 时间状语从句 1.连词：when, as, while, before, after, since,till, until, as soon as。 2.主将从现，主情从现，主祈从先现 3. till或until “一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。 not…until “直到……才……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。 2. 条件状语从句 1.if，unless除非，如果不(=if…not) 2.在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来（即主将从现）。 3. 原因状语从句 1.because，since， as引导。 2.Because和so不能出现在一个句子里。 4. 结果状语从句 1.so…that, such…that, so that引导。 2.So+adj+that, such+n+that 5. 目的状语从句 1.so that, in order that引导。 6. 让步状语从句 1.让步状语从句通常由although，though，even if , even though引导 Although和but不能出现在同一个句子里。 2. --- Li Lin, is it OK for you to go to your grandpa's house alone? --- No problem. I you as soon as I there. A. call; get B. call; will get C. will call; get D. will call; will get 3. The ice cream is delicious I want to eat a second one. A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that D. very; that 4. The teacher speaks very loudly all the students can hear her. A. so that B. because C. since D. In order to 6. Father won't allow me to play outside I wash up the dishes. A. if not B. if C. unless D. because 5. Jerry realize the importance of English he found a job. A. won't; before B. didn't; until C. will; before D. did; until 2. You must hand in your paper as soon as you it. A. will finish B. finishes C. finish D. finished
高考英语-主谓一致-知识点考点全梳理 主谓一致的讲解 语法意义的一致 1，金额，距离，体积，重量，面积，数量，国家，人名，机构，事件，作品时，单数 Two dollars is enough 两美元是足够的 Two meters is long 两米很长 Two kilos is heavy 两公斤很重 Twenty-one is a big number 21是一个很大的数字 The United States is a big country 美国是一个大的国家 2,非谓语动词： Reading books is good for you 阅读书对你来说很好 To study English well is necessary去学习好英语是很有必要的。 2，不定代词： No one is here 没有一个人在这里
3，人类，世界上的人类 Only man thinks how to be better 只有人类才思考如何变得更好。 4，其他用法 1，Many a singer has been here 许多歌手都到过这里。 2，More than one boy has the book 不止一个男孩有这本书 3，More boys than one does housework at home不止一个男孩在家都是做家务的。 4，One and a half apples is here 还有一个半的苹果在这里。 5，a boy or two has been here 一两个学生到过这里。 5，one or two boys have been here 一两个学生到过这里 谓语复数： 1，集体名词： The police are chasing the thief 警察正在追捕这个小偷 2，专有名词： The Himalayas is a big mountain喜马拉雅是一个很大的山。 3，the 加形容词（国家的，民族的）
广东高考英语语法填空专题训练语法填空（每篇共10小题；每小题1.5分，每篇满分15分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空， 并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为1—10的相应位置。 Passage (1) Cars are too expensive for many people around the world to own. Not only that, many cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads. So 1 do people travel those distances that are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway or bus 2 you live, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many people 3 (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more 4 （importance）, less pollution. Which of the types of mass transit 5 (describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus 6 (two) the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many buses that are known as double-deckers (cars with two floors). Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. It’s not 7 (common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “tap-taps”, because the 8 (ride) on the roof tap（敲击）when they want to be dropped off. Many large cities around the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in other 9 (neighbor). Both the Japanese and French have developed High-speed trains to link various cities. While electric trains in North America average 130 kph, the French TGV (high-speed-train) is the world’s fastest, 10 (average) over 270 kph! Passage (2) Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships 1 (belong) to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were 2 (little) interested in changing it into a colony than in 3 (explore) it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 4 set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well. Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich 5 soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward 6 (move) took place 7 because the English were searching for better land than the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold 8 (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later. Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some 9 (strike) differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, 10 (like) the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.
九年级英语必考语法知识点整理 九年级英语必考语法知识点整理 一. 宾语从句 1. 宾语从句的含义 在整个句子中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。 如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film. 她知道这位老师看过这部电影。 (“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语，同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。) 2. 宾语从句的分类 (1)动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。 例如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 (2)介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。 例如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
(3)形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的 宾语从句。 例如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟 到了。 3. 引导名词性从句的连接词 (1)that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分 (2)whether/if：表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。 I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在 这里。 (3)连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语 从句中做主、宾、表和定语) 连接副词：where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语) The small children don't know what is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语) 这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。 Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语) 你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗? 4. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点 (1)时态
高二英语语法专题——主谓一致 课前短语回顾 have a bad effect on 对……有坏影响take in 吸收 give out 放出；发出in a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲 look through 浏览be at war with 与……交战 bring up 养育；抚养become interested in 对……感兴趣 be proud of 为……自豪in conclusion 总之 主谓一致 （一）主谓一致的种类 1．语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2．意义上一致 A.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 如：The crowd were shouting. 注意：单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, , cattle,等。 B.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 等同：physics，politics, economics.. 3．就近原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。 如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用 1．名词作主语
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
1
Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2
全国卷高考英语语法填空专项训练 语法填空练习一 With the 1________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2______ air pollution. Air pollution is caused by the following 3_____(reason): about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4________ (poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health 5______ to others. 6_______ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight 7______ pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8______place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the 9________ (important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10_________ (solve). 语法填空练习二 We often think of future. We often wonder 1 the world will be like in a hundred years’ time. Think of space. Perhaps a permanent station on 2 moon will 3 (set) up. Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as 4 _ (visit). Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, 5 in space and visiting 6 planets. Great progress will have been made 7 medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years’ time. 8 the world will have been developed—even Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, 9 floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities 10 the sea. 语法填空练习三 In the United States, there were 222 people 1 (report) to be billionaires in 2003. The 2 (rich)of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money 3 Mr Gates was only 21 years old 4 5 the time he was 31. 6 , there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7 (young) ages like Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8 of these child actors made over a million dollars 9 (act) in movies before they were 14. But 10 youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn and Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited a billion dollars when he turned 18. 语法填空练习四 Most Americans don’t like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange).” When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. Instead，many of 3 write letters to newspapers and magazines 4 give advice on many different subjects 5 (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, 6 even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers 7 (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are 8 (answer)written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors. 9 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 (train) for this kind of work. 语法填空练习五
1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
主谓一致 动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词在句中充当谓语时，它的形式要受主语的限制，要和它在人称和数上一致， 因此常称为动词的限定形式，这种形式主要表现在： 1 ．人称上与主语一致 2 ．与主语在数上一致 3 ．时态变化( 表示动作发生时间) 4 ．语态( 表示主语是做动作的人或物) 5 . 语气( 表示说话人认为这句话是事实，是要求做的事还是假想的事) 一. 名词做主语时的主谓一致 1. 名词作主语，是单数时谓语动词用单数，是复数时谓语动词用复数。 2. 其中集合名词情况需另外鉴别，一些单复数同形的词需根据上下文确定其单复数含义，再配合动词； The football team consists of 20 players. The football team are having a bath now. 常见的这部分名词有: army, audience, class, club, committee, company, crowd, couple, family, group, government, jury, party, personnel, staff, team, union, public等. 有些集合名词如: folk, people, police, youth等, 总是跟复数动词形式. The police have caught the murderer. PS: people 意为民族，种族时，有单复数之分;police 意为“警察机关”时，可用作单数。 The Chinese people is a greet people. 3. 单复数同形的名词作主语, 要根据意义来决定谓语的形式. 常见的这部分名词有: aircraft, deer, fish, means, sheep, species, series, works headquarters 等 The species of fish are numerous. This species of rose is very rare. Every means has been tried. The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted. [规则一] 如果名词后面跟有as well as, like, together with, including, no less than( 不少于，多达）, rather than, as much as, accompanied by, in company with, besides, but, except, in addition to, along with 等词时，其谓语动词与这些名词前面那个名词的数一致。例如： Mr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift. All but one were here just now. [规则二] 复数名词用作专有名词时，用单数谓语。例如： The United States was founded in 1776. His Selected Works was published in 1957. [规则三] 表示由两部分构成的物体的名词，如：glasses ，gloves ，jeans ，pants ，scales ，scissors ，trousers 等，若被 a pair of修饰，用单数；如果pair为复数，谓语用复数。例如： Here is a pair of glasses. Three pairs of scissors are lying in the drawer. [规则四] 以定冠词+形容词(或分词) 做主语，是形容词的名词化用法。如果指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指的是抽象概念（一类不可数的事物）时，则谓语动词用单数。例如：
高三语法专项复习主谓 一致练习 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
2016届高考语法专项复习 主谓一致练习 1. Whom _______ this pair of glasses belong to and whose ________ the glasses on the table A. does; is B. do; are C. does; are D. do; is2. There _______ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A. are B. is C. has D. have3. The United States of America ________ one of the most developed countries in the world.A. is B. are C. was D. were4. “All ______ present and al l ________ going on well,” our monitor said.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are5. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which _________ very difficult.A. is B. are C. was D. were6. The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas ______ that they are not renewable.A. has been B. are C. have been D. is7. More than one example _______ necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly.A. should be B. is C. are D. have been8. Although many of the houses in the small town ______ still in need of repair, there _______ lots of improvement in their appearance.A. are; has been B. is; have beenC. is; are D. are; was9. Going to bed early and getting up early _________ a good habit. A. is B. are C. were D. was10. The police _______ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with _______.A. have; them
高考英语语法填空专题训练答案及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few months ________(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in the gym when she ________(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend down. Ms. Heller offered to help her. The woman blamed old age for her incapacity, ________(explain)that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. "This woman felt every bit her age." she recalled. "I don't let age stop me. I need a good mood, really. I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I ________ (make)over the years. I'm only as old as I feel." Each of us has ________actual age, the number we celebrate on birthdays. But some 50-, 60-and 70-year-olds look and feel ________(youth), while others do not. Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some ________(connect)among them. People ________a healthy lifestyle and a fortunate genetic inheritance(继承)tend ________(score) "younger" on these assessments. When scientists ask, "How old do you feel, most of the time?" the answer can reflect the state of people's physical and mental health. The age given is a virtual one, ________is called "subjective age". 【答案】earlier；noticed；explaining；have made；an；youthful/young；connection/connections；with；to score；which 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有的人看起来比实际年龄小，是因为健康的生活方 式，好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻，研究发现一个人的心态可以反应他的主观年龄。 （1）考查形容词。根据后文的had finished过去完成时，可判断事情发生在过去之前， a 几个月之前”，可以和过去完成时连用，故填earlier。 few months earlier“ （2）考查时态。根系句子可知此处是从句谓语动词，此处考查固定句型had done…when(从句用一般过去时)刚做完某事突然就……，故填noticed。 （3）考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the woman和explain（解释）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填explaining。 （4）考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句谓语动词，根据下文的over the years(在过去几年里)判断该句为现在完成时，主语为I，故填have made。 （5）考查冠词。age的可数名词，此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，又actual是元音音素开头，故填an。 （6）考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为feel的表语，youth的形容词是young和youthful，故填young/youthful。 （7）考查名词。此处应填名词作为finding的宾语，connect的名词形式connection为可数名词，some可以理解为“一些/某个”，故此处可以用名词单数形式，也可用复数形式， 故填connection/connections。 （8）考查介词。句意：拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人倾向于在这些评价中获得 高分。分析句子可知此处应填介词，再结合句意表示“有”的介词是with，故填with。 （9）考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth固定短语，“倾向于做某事”，故填to score。
九年级英语各单元知识点总结 Unit 1 I、重点词汇： 1.pronounce—pronunciation 2. differently—different—difference 3. slowly—slow 4. soft—hard 5.easy—easily 6.learn—learner II、重点短语： 1.lisen to tapes 听录音 2. ask the teacher for help 向老师请求帮助 3. read aloud 朗读 4. speaking skills 口头表达能力 5.spoken English 英语口语 6. end up 结束 https://www.doczj.com/doc/7218006665.html,ter on 以后，随后 8. make mistakes 犯错，出错 https://www.doczj.com/doc/7218006665.html,ugh at 嘲笑，取笑 10.take notes 做笔记，做记录 11.look …up （在词典、参考书等中）查阅，查找 12. make up 编造，组成 13.deal / do with 处理，应付 14.be angry with 生……的气 15.go by （指时间）过去，消逝 16.try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做…… 17.break off 突然中止，中断 18. with the help of 在……的帮助下 19.regard…as…把……当做…… 20.be afraid of doing / to do sth 害怕做某事 21. first of all 首先，开始 22. have trouble / a difficult / hard time doing sth. 做某事有困难 III、重点句型： 1.It’s too hard to understand the voices. 理解那些话有困难。 2. How do you study for a test? 你怎么为考试而学习的？ I study by listening to tapes. 我通过听磁带学习。 3. Studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.学语法是学习语言的一个好办法。 4.I was afraid to speak in class. 我害怕在课堂上说话。 5. If you don’t know how to spell new words, look up the dictionary. 6.It’s our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education with the help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下，尽我们最大努力对待教育中的每一个挑战是我们的责任。 7.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有可以一起练习英语的伙伴。