初中英语词汇中常见的构词法
1. 合成法
合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。
1)名词+名词→名词
basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店
book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动
home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业
2) 形容词+名词→名词
black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人
loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器
3)动词的-ing形式＋名词
dining room 餐厅drinking water 饮用水sewing machine 缝纫机
running water 自来水washing machine 洗衣机writing desk 写字桌
walking stick 拐杖writing paper 信纸
4)名词＋动词的-ing形式
shoe-making 制作鞋子letter-writing 写信handwriting 书法
dressmaking 做裙子story-telling 讲故事central heating 中央供暖
注意：合成词的构成方式有3种：
①词与词之间加连字符“-”；②词与词合成一个词；③词与词分开；
3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词)
after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地下的
4) 名词+过去分词→形容词
man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的
5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词
glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的6) 副词+名词→介词
in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下
2. 派生法
派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。
前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)：
1) un- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)
happy (高兴的) → unhappy(不高兴的)
like (像) → unlike(不像)
2) im- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀，常用在p, b, m开头的单词前)
possible (可能的) → impossible(不可能的)
polite （礼貌的）→ impolite（不礼貌的）
3) in- (不，无，非，表示否定，形容词前缀)
Active（活跃的）→inactive（不活跃的）
Complete（完全的）→incomplete 不完全的
4) dis-(不，非，表示否定，动词或形容词或名词前缀)
honest （诚实的）→dishonest（不诚实的）agree（同意）→disagree（不同意）advantage优势→disadvantage不利,不利条件
5) mis- (表示错误)
understand （理解）→misunderstand (误解)
mistake (错误)→misuse (误用)
6) re- (再，重复)
tell 叙述→ retell复述build 建筑→ rebuild 重建
write （写）→rewrite（重写）
7) bi- (两个、双边的) bicolor 双色的
8) inter- (相互、交互、在一起)
interview, international, internet
9) tele- (远) telephone, television
10) kilo- (千)
meter 米→kilomete r 公里，千米
gram 克→kilogram 千克
11) micro- (微，小)
microwave oven 微波炉
microcomputer 微型电脑
12) sub- (下，次，亚，准，副)
subway 地铁，sub-zero 零度以下的，subcollege 准大学程度的，subworker 助手，副手，suboffice 分办事处，subcompany分公司
后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义)：
1)动词或形容词+er/or →
名词
write (v.)写→writer (n.)作者travel (v.) 旅行→traveler (n.)旅客
foreign (adj.)外国的→foreigner( n.)外国人
invent (v.)发明→inventor (n.)发明家visit (v.) 参观→ visitor (n.)参观者
2) 动词+(t)ion/sion →
名词
invent (v.)发明→invention( n.)发明operate( v.)做手术→operation( n.)手术
decide( v.)决定→ decision( n.)决定attend (v. )注意/参加→ attention( n.)注意
名词或形容词
3) 动词+ing/ed →
build v. 建筑→building n.建筑物interest v.使感兴趣→interesting/interested adj.有趣的please v.使高兴→pleased adj.高兴的
4) 名词+ese →名词和形容词
China( n.)中国→Chinese ( n.)中国人(adj.)汉语的
Japan( n.) 日本→Japa nese ( n.) 日本人(adj.)日语的
形容词
5) 名词或动词+ ful →
help( n.) 帮助→helpful (adj)有帮助的use( n.)使用→ useful( adj.) 有用的
形容词
6) 动词+able →
enjoy( v.) 喜欢→enjoyable( adj.)有趣的forget (v.) 忘记→ forgettable( adj.) 容易被忘的7) 名词+en →形容词
wool ( n.) 羊毛→woolen (adj.)羊毛的wood ( n.) 木材→wooden( adj.)木制的
8) 名词+y → 形容词
sun ( n.) 太阳→sunny (adj.)阳光灿烂的cloud ( n.) 云→ cloudy (adj.)多云的
luck( n.) 运气→ lucky( adj.)运气好的noise( n.) 响声→noisy( adj.)喧闹的
smell ( n.) 味道,气味→smelly (adj.) 有使人难受的气味的,臭的
9)形容词+ly →副词
happy( adj) 高兴的→happily (adv.) 高兴地wide (adj.) 宽广的→widely (adv.) 宽广地
名词
10) 形容词+ness →
good (adj.) 好的→goodness ( n.)好意kind (adj.) 善良的→kindness ( n.)和蔼
happy (adj.) 开心的→happiness (n.) 开心
11) 名词+ly →形容词
friend ( n.) 朋友→friendly (adj.)友好的love ( n.) 爱→lovely (adj.)可爱的
形容词(词义与加ful相反)
12) 名词+ less →
(adj.) 无助的
(adj.) 粗心的help + less →helpless
care + less →careless
13) 名词+ al →形容词
nation ( n.)民族→national adj. 国家的education ( n.)教育→educational adj.教育性的
tradition ( n.) 传统→traditional adj. 传统的
名词
14) 名词+ ist →
science( n.)科学→scientist ( n.)科学家piano ( n.)钢琴→pianist ( n.)钢琴家
tour ( n.) 旅游,观光旅行→tourist ( n.) 旅行者，观光客
15) 动词+ ment →名词
develop (v.)发展→development( n.)发展agree (v.)同意→agreement ( n.) 同意，一致, 协议argue (v.) 争论，辩论→argument ( n.) 争吵;论据
名词
16) 形容词+ ity →
able (adj.) 能够的→ability ( n.)能力，才能possible (adj.)可能的→possibility ( n.) 可能性
real( adj.) 真的,真实的→reality( n.) 现实,实际,真实
17) 名词+ous →形容词
danger ( n.)危险→dangerous (adj.)危险的
18) 名词+ish →形容词
fool ( n.) 愚人，傻瓜→foolish (adj.)愚蠢的，傻的child ( n.)孩子→childish (adj.)孩子气的，幼稚的book ( n.) 书→bookish( adj.)书生气的
19) 形容词或名词+en →动词
wide (adj.) 广泛的,宽阔的→widen (v.) 弄宽sharp( adj.) 锋利的,急剧的→sharpen (v.) 使...尖锐,变为锐利
fright( n.) 惊吓→frighten (v.) 使惊吓, 害怕，惊恐
20) 名词或形容词+ify →动词
beauty (n.)美丽→beautify (v.) 美化,变美,修饰simple (adj.)简单的→simplify (v.) 简化,使单纯
21) 形容词+ize →动词
real (adj.) 真的，真实的→realize (v.)了解, 实现, 察觉;领悟memory ( n.)记忆力→memorize (v.)记忆22) 动词+tive →形容词
act (v.) 行为,行动→active (adj.) 积极的,主动的
attract (v.) 吸引,有吸引力→attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的,引起注意的
23)动词+ess →名词(女性)
host (v.)主持,做东→hostess (n.) 女主人act( v.) 行动,扮演→actress (n.) 女演员
wait (v.)等待,等候→waitress( n.) 女侍者,女服务员
3. 转化法
在英语发展过程中，由于词尾的基本消失，衍生出一种新的构词法——转化法，而无须借助词缀，就实
现词类的转化。
1) 名词→动词
rain n.雨→rain v.下雨shop n. 商店→shop v.购物
water n.水→water v.浇水land n.陆地→land v.着陆name n.名字→name v.命名
不少动词转化为名词或名词转化为动词，词义没有什么大变化，易于推测出词义。如：answer(回答)，change(变化), fight(打架), love(爱), rest(休息), smile(微笑), shout(喊), study(学习), talk(谈话), visit(访问), wish(希望), work(工作)等。
2)形容词→动词
last adj.最后的last v.持续tidy adj.整洁的tidy v.使整洁own adj.自己的own v.拥有
3) 形容词→名词
back adj.后面的back n.背部，后面light adj.明亮的light n.灯
4) 动词→名词
stop v.停止stop n.车站lift v.举起lift n.电梯
注意：①词形不变，读音的差别(字母s读[z]为动词，读[s]为名词或形容词)
use v.使用use n.用途
excuse v.原谅excuse n.借口
②词形改变的转化：
live v.生活life n.生活fill v.装满full adj.满的save v.救safe adj.安全的
enter v.进入entrance n.入口处different adj.不同的difference n.不同之处
注意：形容词---名词
important—importance different—difference
4．缩写和简写
缩略法是把原有的词汇通过缩短，在读音和写法方面呈现新的形式。这种构词方式用得很普遍，特别是近几年来，随着科学技术的飞速发展，产生了很多新的缩略词。缩略法主要有如下几种。（1）剪切法：剪切法是指从某个词的完整形式中删除一个或更多音节，由此构成新词的方法。
①剪切原词的开始部分
bicycle—cycle 自行车taxicab—cab 出租车
airplane/aeroplane—plane 飞机telephone—phone 电话
②剪切原词的中间部分
examination—exam 考试taxicab—taxi 出租车
photograph—photo 图片laboratory—lab 实验室
（2）混成法
混成法是指由两个词混合或紧缩而成为一个复合词的方法。这种复合词都保留了原来两个词的一部分，其后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。
breakfast＋lunch→brunch早晨和中午之间的饭
smoke＋fog→smog浓烟
motor＋hotel→motel汽车旅馆
boat＋motor→botor电动船
news＋broadcast→newscast新闻广播
television＋broadcast→telecast电视广播
cheese＋hamburger→cheeseburger放有干酪的肉饼
beef＋hamburger→beefburger煎牛肉饼
European＋television→Eurovision欧洲电视网
高考英语词汇复习之构词法学案 语法要点：1.各类词性的正确使用及转化 2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义 3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量 考情分析： 1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考) 2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考) 3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考) 4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考) 考点精讲： Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 英语构词法主要有三种方法： 1.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇) 2.转化(Conversion):由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water ( n.)水--- water ( v.)浇水 3.派生(Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的，只改变其。 happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的 一、合成法： …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away thing s from the shop without paying for them. … What does the word “shoplifter” mean? A.商店里的小偷 B. 商店里的推销员 C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工 注意：___________________________________________________________ 请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。
Unit 1 外资企业foreign enterprise 合资企业joint venture 合作企业cooperative enterprise 龙头企业 a locomotive 国有企业state-owned enterprise 私营企业privately-owned enterprise 荣誉企业honorable enterprise 优质企业qualified enterprise 一级企业class A enterprise 跨国公司multinational company 母公司parent company 子公司subsidiary company 总公司head office 分公司branch office 代表处representative offices 上市公司listed company 私人股份有限公司private limited company 拳头产品core product 环保产品environment-friendly product 专业生产经营specialize in, engage in, handle a range of business including… 占地面积cover an area of… 年产量with an annual output 具有自营进出口权being entitled to self-import and self-export rights 奉行坚持..原则；以..宗旨,在…方针指 导下 abide by the principles of …, adhere to the aims of…, based on the motto of the company 产品销往products have been distributed to 获得奖项rank the titles 通过ISO9000 质量认证 be granted the Certificate of ISO9000 International Quality System unit 2 ?维持升幅to an increase sustain) ?到达最高点to reach a peak ?保持不变to remain constant/ stable ?降到最低点to bottom out ?正值…之际on the occasion of ?代表on the behalf of ?承蒙盛情邀请at the gracious invitation of ?年会annual meeting ?商界的朋友们friends from the business community ?marketing presentation营销报告会 ?sales representative 销售代表 ?sales record 销售记录 ?customers’satisfaction顾客满意度 ?manufacturer 生产商 ?retailer 零售商 ?merchant wholesaler 批发商 ?commission agent 佣金代理商 ?facilitating agent 服务代理商 ?经销渠道distribution channel ?营销目标marketing objective ?战略营销strategic marketing ?目标市场target market ?潜在的风险和potential threats and opportunities ?可控因素controllable components ?销售业绩sales performance Unit 3 1、Business relations and cooperation business connections business cooperation technological cooperation scope of cooperation mutually beneficial relations close relationship to cement / continue / enlarge / promote / improve / maintain / interrupt / restore / speed up / reactivate business relationship to reach an agreement to make a deal 2、Investment a heavy /a long-term/ a profitable/ a safe and sure investment foreign direct investment (FDI) portfolio investment investment environment investment intent/ partner exclusively foreign-owne enterprise joint venture cooperative enterprise equity joint venture contractual joint venture 3、Form of Trade merchandise exports and imports service exports and imports bilateral trade leasing trade processing with supplied material processing with imported materials processing with supplied sample assembling with supplied parts 4、Describing products genuine article imitation low-priced goods low quality goods inferior goods superior quality unfinished products top grade goods showy goods high-tech products durable consumer goods modern and elegant in fashion complete in specifications sophisticated technology attractive and durable skillful manufacture 5、Credit commercial credit trade reputation
Introduction 绪论 0.1 The nature and Domain of English lexicology 英语词汇学的定义及研究范围 Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. 词汇学是语言学的一个分支，研究词汇的起源和意义。 English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. 英语词汇学研究英语词汇的形态结构、词的对应及其语义结构、词义关系、词的历史演变、词的构成及词的用法等。 English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. 英语词汇学是一门理论性课程。 It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. 该课程主要论述词汇学的基本理论，特别是英语词汇的理论知识。 However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, and study a great many usage examples. 但是，英语词汇学也是一门实践性课程，在该书的论述中，我们将遇到大量的词汇和习语，学习大量词汇用法实例。 Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved. 当然，同时还要接触到大量的词汇练习。 0.2 Its Relation to Other Disciplines 英语词汇学与其它学科的关系 English lexicology itself is a subbranch of linguistics. 英语词汇学是语言学的一个分支。 But it embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics, lexicography. 但它却与其他学科相关，如形态学、语义学、词源学、文体学和词典学等。 Each of them has been established as a discipline in its own right. 而这些学科都各成一门学科。 Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct. 形态学是语法学的一个分支，主要通过运用词素（形位）结构研究词的结构或形式。 This is one of the major concerns of lexicology, for we shall discuss the inflections of words and word-formation and examine how morphemes are combined to form words and words to form sentences. 这是词汇学研究的主要内容之一，因为研究词汇就必需讨论的屈折变化和构词法，考察词素如何构成词、词如何构成句子。 Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. 词源学研究词的形式和意义的起源及其历史变化。 Modern English is derived from the languages of early Germanic tribes with a fairly small vocabulary. 现代英语源于词汇量颇小的古日尔曼语。 We shall study how this small vocabulary has grown into a huge modern English vocabulary and explain the changes that have taken place in the forms and meanings of words. 我们将研究这门词汇量很小的语言是如何发展成为词汇量庞大的现代英语，并解释英语词汇的形式和意义是如何变化的。 Stylistics is the study of style. 文体学研究文体。 It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects. 主要对语用者在特定语境中如何选择语言要素（即如何选择用词、句型等）以达到特定的表达效果进行观察研究。 Among the areas of study: lexis, phonology, syntax, graphology, we shall concentrate on lexis, exploring the stylistic values of words. 在文体学所研究的词汇、音系学、句法学和书写法范围中，我们主要研究词汇，探讨词汇的文体价值。Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a pragmatic difference. 词典学和词汇学探讨同样的问题：词汇的形式、意义、词汇的起源及用法，但两者在语用上还有差异。 A lexicographer’s task is to record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference, whereas the student of lexicology is to acquire the knowledge and information of lexis so as to increase their lexical awareness and capacity of language use. 词典学家的任务是实录词汇的用法并把词汇用法的真实情形呈现给读者，为其提供权威性的参考；而词汇学家则是研究词汇的知识和信息，以增强读者对词汇的了解和语言的使用能力。 Though English lexicology has a wide coverage of academic areas, our task is definite and consistent. 英语词汇学的研究范围很大，但我们的任务是明确而系统的。 That is to study English words in different aspects and from different angles. 即从不同角度研究英语词汇的各个方面。0.3 Method of Study 英语词汇学的研究方法 There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and diachronic. 一般来说，词汇研究有两种
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics （文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter1】 7．tart:loose woman bloke:fellow gat:pistol swell:great chicken:coward blue:fight smoky:police full:drunk dame:woman beaver:girl 8.haply=perhaps albeit=although methinks=it seems to me eke=also sooth=truth morn=morning troth=pledge ere=before quoth=said hallowed=holy billow=wave/the sea bade=bid 12. Denizens Aliens Translation loans Semantic loans kettle die wall skirt husband confrere pro patria Wunderkind mikado parvenu chopstick typhoon black humour long time no see dream 【Chapter2】Ex.1
The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world.It is made up of most of the languages of Europe,the Near East and India.English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary.A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2.Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic Roumanian Hindi Breton Spanish Greek English Lithuanian Persian Scottish French Swedish Prussian Irish Italian German Polish Portuguese Norweigian Slavenian Icelandic Russian Danish Bulgarian Dutch 6.
Terminology Translations on lexicology 英语词汇学术语翻译 A acronym首字母拼音词acronymy首字母拼音法 addition增词 adjective compound复合形容词 affective meaning感情意义 affix词缀 affixation词缀法 Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语（族）aliens非同化词alliteration头韵（法）allomorph词素（形位）变体ambiguity歧义 amelioration of meamng词义的升华analogy类推 analytic language分析性语言antithsis对偶 antonym反义词 antonymy反义关系 appreciative term褒义词 archaic word古词 archaism古词语
argot隐语（黑话）Armenian亚美尼亚语（族）Associated transfer联想转移association联想 associative meanings关联意义 B back－formation逆生法 back clipping词尾截短 Balto－Slavic波罗斯拉夫语（族）bilinguall双语的 basic word stock基本词汇 blend拼缀词 blending拼缀法 borrowed word借词 bound form粘着形式 bound morpheme粘着语素（形位）bound root粘着词根 C casual style随便文体 catchPhrase时髦语 Celtic凯尔特语（族）central meaning中心意义 Clipping截短法 collocability搭配能力
英语词汇学论文构词法 新精编版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】
Abstract 词汇是我们在英语学习过程中最大的障碍。然而，英语构词法能够帮助我们很好的辨别并正确理解英语，同时也可以在短时间内增加我们的词汇量，英语构词法是学习英语的有效途径和强有力的“武器”，在所有的英语构词法中，词缀法能够生成的新单词是最多的也是最广泛，它被认为英语学习的最佳途径之一。除了词缀发以外，复合法、转类法、混成法、截短法、首字母拼音法、逆向构词法也都是英语学习的有效途径 Vocabulary is one of the main obstacles of English study. However English word formation can help us recognize English words, understand them correctly, and enlarge our vocabulary quickly. It is an efficient way and powerful weapon for English study. Among them，affixation is the strongest one to form a great range of vocabulary, and it is claimed to be one of the best ways of learning English. Besides, compounding, conversion, blending, clipping, acronyms, back-formation are also efficient ways of learning English. In the paper the ways and characteristics of word formation is analyzed form these aspects: affixation, compounding, conversion, blending. Key words: English, lexicology, word formation, affixation （关键字：英语、词汇学，构词法，词缀法） Introduction The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. Talking about word formation patterns means dealing with rules. But not all words which are produced by applying the rule are acceptable. The acceptability is gained only when the word have gained an institutional currency in the language. Therefore rules only provide a constant set of models from which new word are created from day to day. Rules themselves are not fixed but undergo changes to a certain extent. For instance, affixes and compounding processes may become productive at one time or lose their productivity. By word formation processes, we concentrate on productive or on productive rules. While applying the rules, we should keep in mind that there are always exceptions. In my opinion, the most important principle for all these rules of word formation is economy. Chapter 1 the function of English word formation Word formation is an effective way to enlarge our English vocabulary. Nowadays, more and more people have taken notice of learning English. The number of the people who begin to learn English has increased at a high speed. How can we improve our English effectively is undoubtedly
初中英语词汇中常见的构词法 1. 合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。 1)名词+名词→名词 basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动 home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业 2) 形容词+名词→名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器 3)动词的-ing形式＋名词 dining room 餐厅drinking water 饮用水sewing machine 缝纫机 running water 自来水washing machine 洗衣机writing desk 写字桌 walking stick 拐杖writing paper 信纸 4)名词＋动词的-ing形式 shoe-making 制作鞋子letter-writing 写信handwriting 书法 dressmaking 做裙子story-telling 讲故事central heating 中央供暖 注意：合成词的构成方式有3种： ①词与词之间加连字符“-”；②词与词合成一个词；③词与词分开； 3) 介词+名词→名词(或形容词) after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地下的 4) 名词+过去分词→形容词 man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的 5) 名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词 glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的6) 副词+名词→介词 in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下 2. 派生法 派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。 前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)： 1) un- (不，非，表示否定，形容词前缀) happy (高兴的) → unhappy(不高兴的) like (像) → unlike(不像)
高一英语A班20150706-20150817 上海教材牛津版 高一年级英语词汇考点（上册） Unit 1 Body Language I.Words for reading 1.well-dressed 2.glance 3.sigh 4.senior 5.employee 6.prefer https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e2417583.html,municate 8.gesture 9.expression 10.appearance 11.impression 12.downwards 13.assistance 14.without hesitation 15.remark 16.remind II.Words for more reading 1.eye contact 2.signal 3.hostility 4.boredom 5.confusion 6.maintain 7.consider https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e2417583.html,ck of https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e2417583.html,st 10.avoid 11.respect 12.authority 13.in authority 14.concentration 15.subtle 16.stare 17.rude III.Lpts. 1.look up 抬头向上看 2.look up to sb尊敬某人look down on 轻视 3.a well-dressed lady 一位穿着讲 究的女士 4.glance at 瞥一眼 5.greet sb with a smile 用微笑打 招呼 6.a senior employee资深的员工 7.be senior to比…年长的,资深的 8.prefer sth to sth 喜欢…不喜欢.. 9.prefer doing a to doing b喜欢做 a不喜欢做b 10.prefer to do a rather than do b宁 愿做a而不愿做b 11.the way +that 做….的方式， 方法;+in which ;+ /12.more than 超过，不只是，经常 13.more than speaking and listening 不只是 14.gesture 手势 15.expression 表情 16.expression on your face 你的脸 部表情 17.appearance 外貌，外表 18.appear 出现，似乎disappear 消失 19.It appears that….. 似乎，好像 https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e2417583.html,municate with sb 交流 https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e2417583.html,municate sth to sb 把（信 息，消息）传递给某人 22.keep up/lose communication with sb 与某人保持/失去联系23.leave/make/ give sb a good
英语构词法练习文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]
课程名称：英语词汇学课程代码：056261 资源类型：英语词汇学自主学习 词汇记忆与词汇测试 构词法练习 训练指要 构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的，只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。所以我们在学习英语词汇的时候一定要灵活学习和掌握，随时准备应付所出现的情况。 Ⅰ.单项填空 man was________ enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A. care B. careful C. careless D. carelessness soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. B. dead C. died D. death child looked________ at his brother who was badly wounded.
A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemist D. physician three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. egging B. legged C. legs D. leged became the________ railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership the teacher praised him for working out the math problem，Jack looked________ about at his classmates. A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. A. satisfied B. satisfactory C. satisfying D. satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here？ —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write________ passage in English？ words；a 600-words ；a 600-words words；a 600-word words；a 600-words one should enter the spot without the________ of the police. A. permit B. permission C. permitting D. permittence must come with us to the police head is waiting for you. A. headquarters B. headline C. headmaster D. headache that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.
EXERCISES FOR ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT TEST PART I MUL T1PLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: VOCABLARY AND STRUCTURE (50%) B 1. The boy felt frustrated when he found he had difficulty with most of the math problems. A. proud of himself B. discouraged C. scared D. encouraged B 2.He was confronted with many difficulties, which, with the help of his friends, he eventually overcame one by one. a. was opposed by b. was faced with c. was happy with d. was caused by B 3. Jim did not like our plan; so he countered it with one of his won a. answered b. opposed c. rejected d. replaced C 4. Many students urged that the library be kept open during the vacation. a. complained b. thought c. asked earnestly d. applied A 5. An unprecedented even m history took place m 1961, when a human being traveled for the first time in outer space. a, never known before b. not provided for c. unprepared D. unmarked C 6. Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of eternal love. a, profound b. external c. everlasting d. round B 7.Our curriculum for this semester includes applied math, statistics, probability theory, and English.