百科知识—欧洲文化入门知识I、欧洲文化知识体系1古希腊与古罗马文化
1、古希腊与古罗马文化
2、基督教与《圣经》
3、中世纪★
4、文艺复兴与宗教改革
II、欧洲文化入门学习思路与重点
1、基本特征与思路
欧洲文化特征
欧洲文化特征：
1）欧洲文化历史以古希腊和古罗马为源头；
2）宗教、思潮、以及人文是把握西方文化的三把钥匙；3）尽管时代特征明显，但是每个时代以时代巨人为标志。III、欧洲文化主体内容
1、古希腊与古罗马（奴隶社会）
A古希腊文化
1）历史：荷马和两大史诗、希罗多德（历史之父）。
2）戏剧：三大戏剧作家：埃斯库罗斯《被俘的普罗米修斯》索福克勒斯《俄狄浦斯王》、欧里庇得斯（问题戏剧）----古希腊神话传说---普罗米修斯、潘多拉盒子等。
重点知识点与真题技巧点拨（
1、南京航空航天大学11年真题:
毒。特洛伊来自于（）
毒特洛伊来自于
A圣经
2、首师大10年真题：古希腊神话中，（
一方的首领
2、基督教与圣经
A基督教
1）历史：犹太教的关系---康斯坦丁（米兰赦令）--特奥多西斯（唯一国教）阿育王—佛教
2）基督教的基本知识
B圣经
1）圣经的基本定义：圣经是基督教的经典，是其宗教信仰
的最高权威。圣经两部分以及主要内容，以及双重性质，的最高权威圣经两部分以及主要内容，以及双重性质，
对西方文学和文化的影响。
2）圣经的神话故事与典故:诺亚方舟、上帝、伊甸园、禁
果等。重点知识点与真题技巧点拨（
3、广东外语外贸大学
中国的传统文化从来没有像（13）《圣经》文化和（14）《古兰经》文化那样，左右一个国家的政治经济学命运。现在最有利于中国传统文化的彻底贯彻，而这种贯彻是民主的、自由的，人们自觉自愿地接受的，不愿接受马上就可以反对，而不
思路点拨：基督教与圣经是西方文化里必考的文化点！
4、文艺复兴(14-17世纪）与宗教改革1）文艺复兴整体介绍
2）文艺复兴的艺术家
意大利：卜伽丘---十日谈
绘画天才---达
解剖学贡献）5、17世纪（科学成就与欧洲进入现代）
1）德国开普勒与其天文三大定律
2）意大利伽利略的天文、物理成就（证明哥白尼、自由落体、加速度、发明温度计与天文望远镜）
3）大学者牛顿与《自然哲学数学原理》约翰。洛克政治
6 、启蒙运动(18世纪的理性时代）
1）法国：孟德斯鸠（法国第一个法学家、三权分立、《论法的精神》）伏尔泰《哲学书简》卢梭《论人类不平等的根源》《社会契约论《忏悔录》；狄德罗与《百科全书》
2）德国：莱辛《拉奥孔》歌德《浮士德》希勒《阴谋与爱情》康德的批判系列。
3）音乐：巴赫、古典音乐奥地利海顿、莫扎特的作品比如
）音乐：巴赫、古典音乐奥地利海顿、莫扎特的作品比如安重点知识点与真题技巧点拨（
5、青岛大学11年真题：启蒙运动
复习方向：欧洲文化里面思想解放运动类名词解释方法6、中南大学10年真题：法国启蒙时期，百科全书派的代表作家
是？
7、浪漫主义(18世纪末到十九世纪）
1）德国的狂飙运动（幼稚的浪漫主义时间、内容、以及结束））法国的大作家
2）法国的大作家：雨果以及画家大卫的作品马拉之死；俄国的普希金。
3）音乐：德国贝多芬及其九大交响曲，门德尔松；波兰的钢琴诗人肖邦及其作品9、现实主义、现代主义以及其他思潮
1）19世纪现实主义及代表作家：英（略）法国巴尔扎克、福楼拜、司汤达、莫泊桑的短篇小说；俄国果戈理、屠格涅夫、陀思妥耶夫斯基的《罪与罚》、托尔斯泰；丹麦的易普生；
荷兰画家梵
重点知识点与真题技巧点拨（
8、暨南大学11年真题：贝多芬一生创作了九大交响曲，其中c
小调交响曲又称之为什么？
A英雄
学习思路：关注重点领域的重点人物。
9、湖南大学10年真题：现代主义出现最早，影响最大的流派是
Thanks
欧洲文化入门参考资料 这是一本中国大学生了解欧洲文化的英语教科书，为了教学需要而编写的。学习英语的中国大学生在阅读英文书刊和同英语国家人士的交往中，往往感到由于缺乏欧洲文化知识而增加了许多困难。英语中有数不清的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等等来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作或者牵涉到各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物。如果对这些所知无多，读书未必全懂，对谈也难顺利。而一旦对这些有了较多知识，则不仅了解程度会提高，而且由于通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好。 《欧洲文化入门》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 1、课程英文名称：European Culture: An Introduction 2、课程类别：专业限选课程 3、课程学时：32学时 4、学分：2 5、先修课程：《高级英语》、《英国文学选读》、《美国文学选读》 6、适用专业：英语 7、大纲执笔：英语专业教研室 8、大纲审批：外语系学术委员会 9、制定(修订)时间：2005 二、课程的目的与任务： 本课程为专业选修课程，旨在通过该课程的学习，学生比较系统地学习有关欧洲文化的基本知识，以提高学生的文化知识和文化修养，并为以后开专业课提供大量重要的背景文化知识，从而更好地了解和学习英语，提高文学欣赏水平。 三、课程的基本要求： 本教学大纲对象是高等院校英语专业高年级学生，全部用英语授课。 了解欧洲文化对英语发展的影响和欧洲文化发展的脉络； 了解来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等； 了解欧洲各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物； 将欧洲文化与同时期的中国文化进行比较； 学生应准备一些工具书、参考书、选本、译本。 四、教学内容、要求及学时分配： 希腊、罗马文化 基督教及其《圣经》 中世纪 文艺复兴与宗教改革 十七世纪 启蒙运动 浪漫主义 马克思主义与达尔文学说 现实主义 现代主义及其它 五、考试考核办法：笔试 六、教材及参考书：
Part I Directions: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. ****** 1 ****** 1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. A. Sophists B. Cynics C. Skeptics D. Epicureans 2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world." A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid 3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________ A. 395 B. 27 C. 1453 D. 476 4. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought. A. Jesus B. Augustine C. Thomas Aquinas D. Martin Luther 5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist----- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word. A. Michelangelo B. Raphael C. Shakespeare D. Leonardo Da Vinci 6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry. A. Don Quixote B. Hamlet C. Leviathan D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief. A. The Praise of the Folly B. As You Like It C. Divine Comedy D. Utopia 8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West. A. Machiavelli B. Dante C. Bacon D. Locke
十四、理解下面词语的含义： 1.人面鱼纹彩陶盆： 半坡遗址出土的人面含鱼纹彩陶盆，以图案结构线作为抓形的基础，画面简洁有力，所以有人把它看作是半坡人的巫术图腾，象征其氏族人丁昌盛的局面。 2.饕餮纹： 商周青铜器上文饰母题，以兽面牛首为主体，左右对称展开蘖龙或蘖凤图案。其形象狞厉可怖，是用来"辩神奸"的符号，到春秋时代就基本消失。 3.三星堆青铜像： 是一个失落的神像系统。 4.卧游： 指由南朝宗炳提出的山水画表现境界，通过作品间接欣赏大自然的神情妙意。 5.白描： 是以墨笔勾勒绘画形象的基本手法，在中国人物画发展中有重要地位。 6.甲骨文： 是目前发现最早的汉字形态，因其书刻在龟甲和牛胛骨上而得名。它记录的是甲骨占卜的整个过程，故又称"卜辞"。 7.以形写神： 是指顾恺之提出的形神关系，强调"传神"要通过一定的形象表现出来，达到"形神兼备"。 8.曹衣出水： 是历史上对早期人物画风格的一种约定俗成的称呼，历来被当作北齐画家曹仲达的绘画风格的称呼。曹仲达用笔其体稠叠而衣服紧窄，故称"曹衣出水"。8.吴带当风： 指唐代吴道子的人物衣纹程式。他的用笔其势圆转而衣服飘举，故称之，和北齐画家曹仲达的画法相对。 9.马踏龙雀 秀骨清像：魏晋南北朝时期的总体特征 10.猪纹钵：河母渡出土的黑陶器皿，器壁厚，器表光洁，比较特别。P17 11.彩陶： 用彩绘原料装饰过的陶器，称为彩陶。 12.黑陶 13.解衣盘蹲 14.迁想妙得：指由顾恺之提出的作画构思活动，是画家把握生活的一种艺术方式。它触及到艺术 创作中主体表现与客体制约的辨证关系。 15.铁线描： 指绘画中的一种线描方法，因其笔法谨严，连绵悠长似铁线而形容之。
作业 1．第1题 Which one of the following statements about the Great Famine is NOT true? A.It was the worst famine in European history. B.It lasted for seven hard years. C.In cities alone, there was shortage of food supplies. D.By the time it ended, the Great Famine had wiped out 10 percent to 15 percent of the entire European population. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 2．第2题 Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is NOT true? A.She was born in a well-to-do peasant family. B.She grew up with a strong religious belief. C.Charles refused her to accompany the army. D.She was burned at stake. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 3．第3题 For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____. A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah. B.it is too difficult to translate the rhymed prose of Qur’an. C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted. D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated. 您的答案：C 题目分数：2.0 此题得分：2.0 4．第4题 Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death? A.the regional and ethnic diversity B.the conflicts between different successors to the throne
1、Two major elements in European culture：the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. 2、The Homer epics consists of the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece，led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy. The heroes are Hector on the Trojan side and Achilles and Odysseus on the Greek. In the final battle，Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the Greeks. The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope. 3、古希腊三大悲剧家：Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides Works of Aeschylus：Prometheus Bound，Persians，and Agamemnon .There are only two actors and one chorus in these plays. Aeschylus is noted for his vivid character portrayal and majestic poetry.Works of Sophocles：Oedipus the King，Electra，and Antigone （theme：the difficult choice between public duty and private feeling）. He has had a great impact on European culture. The Oedipus complex（恋母情结）、Electra（恋父情结）were derived from his plays Work of Euripides：Andromache，Medea，and Trojan Women. He was more of a realist than other two. His characters are less heroic，more like ordinary people. He may be called the first writer of “problem plays” 4.Herodotus is often called “Father of History”，wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians . His history is full of anecdotes and digressions and lively dialogue. 5.Thucydides is more accurate as an historian. He told about the war between Athens and Syracuse ，a Greek state on the island of Sicily. He traced events to their causes and brought out their effects. Macaulay called Thucydides “the greatest historian that ever lived” 6.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers. He was t he founder of scientific mathematics. 7.Heracleitus believed fire to be the primary element of the universe，out of which everything else had arisen. To him,“all is flux，nothing is stationary”. He alsosaid，“you cannot step twice into the same river；for fresh waters are ever flowing in upon you. The sun is new everyday”he held the theory of the mingling of opposites and believed that it was the strife between the opposites that produced harmony. 8.Democtitus speculated about the atomic structure of matter. Indeed，he was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory. He was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and Marx`s first published work was a study of Democritus. 9Socrates taught Plato，who taught Aristotle. They were active in Athens in the 5th and the 4th century B.C. Socrates was known through Dialogues by Plato. Socrates liked to talk with people in the marketplace and in the streets ，asking and answering questions. He was ready to discuss anything in heaven and earth，specializing in exposing fallacies. When words like justice ，religiousness，virtue，wisdom，ect. Were used by others，he would ask the speaker to explain them and then dissect the answers to show how they were wrong and or illogical. This method of argument，by questioning and answering，has come to be known as the dialectical method. Plato showed himself a brilliant stylist，writing with wit and grace. His Dialogues are important not only as philosophical writing but also as imaginative literature. His other works: Apology（Socrates` defense of himself at the trial），Symposium （about beauty and love），and the Republic（about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets） Plato built up a comprehensive system of philosophy. It dealt with the problems of how，in the complex，ever —changing the world，men were to attain knowledge. The reply he gave was：men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general“ideas”，like beauty，truth，goodness. Only these ideas are completely real，while the physical world is only relatively real. For this reason，Plato`s philosophy is called Idealism. Many of his ideas were absorbed into Christian thought Aristotle studied in Plato`s Academy for years. Later he became the tutor of Alexander the Macedonian King. In him the great humanist and the great man of science meet. On logic, moral philosophy，politics，metaphysics（形而上学），psychology，physics，zoology，poetry，rhetoric，he wrote epoch-making works，which dominated Europe thought for more than a thousand years. He did much to form，through his various and diverse interpreters，the philosophical，scientific and cosmological outlook of an entire world. Dante called him “the master of those who know” His works：Ethics（an introduction to moral philosophy），Politics，Poetics（a treatise on literary theory），and Rhetoric （dealing with the art of persuading an audience） Aristotle differed from his teacher in following ways：for one thing，Aristotle emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should follow fact. This is different from Plato`s reliance on subjective thinking；also，he thought that “form”（idea）and matter together made up concrete individual realities. Here ，he differed from Plato who held that ideas had a higher reality than the physical world Aristotle thought happiness that could only be achieved by leading a life of reason，goodness and contemplation should be a man`s aim in life. 10.contending schools of thought:百家争鸣 The Cynics：got their name because Diogenes，one of their leaders，decided to live like a dog and the word “cynic”means“dog”in Greek. He rejected all conventions—whether of religion，of manner，dress，housing，food，or of decency. In fact，he lived by begging. He proclaimed his brotherhood，not only with the whole human race，but also with animals. On the other hand，he had no patience with the rich and the powerful The Sceptics （诡辩学家）followed Pyrrhon，who held that not all knowledge was attainable. Hence he and his followers doubted t the truth of what others accepted as true. The Epicureans were disciples of Epicurus，who believed pleasure to be the highest good in life，but by pleasure he meant，not sensual enjoyment，but freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. This he thought could be attained by the practice of virtue. His teaching wa s misunderstood by later people and the word“Epicurean”has come to mean indulgence in luxurious living. Epicurus was a materialist. Opposed to the Epicureans were the Stoics. To them，the most important thing in life was not pleasure，but duty. This developed into the theory that one should endure hardship and misfortune with courage. The chief Stoic was Zeno. He was also a materialist，asserting the existence of the real world. He believed that there is no such thing as chance，and that the course of nature is rigidly determined by natural laws. In the life of an individual man，virtue is the solo good；such things as health，happiness，possessions，are of no account. Since virtue resides in the will，everything good or bad in a man`s life depends only upon himself. If he has to die, he should die nobly，like Socrates. Greek architecture three styles：a.the Doric style （masculine style. powerful, sturdy, showing a good sense of propotion）, the Ionic style(feminine style), the Corinthian style(oranmental luxury) There famous temples: the Acropplis at Athens, the Parthenon. The impact of Greek culture: a,The Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other Eruropean countries.b. The Greeks invented mathematics and science and phylosophy. Their spirt of innovation had immence influence in later generations c. The Greek is the birthland of the democracy. d.They set a great example of thinking rationally and logically. e. In literature, they have exerted an influence which can be still felt today. Epic poetry, tragedy, comedy, lyric poetry, historical writing f.architecture, sculpture. Romans and Greeks异同：Common:a. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of cittizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. b. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified-Greek Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus, and so on-and their myth to be fused. c.Their languages worked in similar ways, and were ultimately related, both being members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Banglandesh to Iceland. Difference: a.The Romans built up a vast empire: The Greeks didn’t. b.The Romans were confident in their military and administrative capabilities. c.The Greeks enjoyed an artistic and intellectural inheritance much richer than the Romans. Roman peace: The emperors relied on a strong army-the famous Roman regions-and an efficient bureaucracy to exert their rule, which was facilitated by a well-developed system of roads. Thus the Romans enjoyed a long period of oece lasting 200 years, a remarkable phenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana. Virgil:The greatest of Latin poet, wrote the greatest epic, the Aeneid. Tragic hero: Aeneas was a truely tragic hero because to fufil his hitoric mission he had to betray the great passion of his life. While he gained an empire, his love for Dido, qyeen of Carhage. While he gained an empire, he lost something no empire could compensate, happiness in life. The Colosseum:斗兽场It is an enormous amphitheatre built in the centre of Rome in imperial times. It held more than 5000 spectatots. The relationship between Judaism and Christianity: They are closely related. the Jewish tradition gave birth to Christianity. Both originated in Palestine-the
上海同济大学 考研翻译硕士经验总结及参考书目分享到现在，同济大学的拟录取通知已经出来，考研这件不大也不小的事终于全部结束。回想这一路走来的经历和体会，并没有那么灰暗，起起伏伏，最终该来的总会来的。 一、个人情况介绍 我本专业并不是英语，大三的时候决定跨考MTI，大部分原因是觉得大学里自己一直没有放下英语，而且英语在以后的工作里肯定越来越重要，就这样选择了英语翻译。至于选择学校，没有太多犹豫，上海绝对是深入接触英语、接触牛人的好地方。以后不管是工作还是学习，也会有很多出国的机会。同济总体上理工科较强，但是它外国语学院的师资力量也毫不逊色。当然，之前一些过来人也曾说学习翻译最主要的是靠自己，在读研期间也是如此。但有机会得到一些专业老师的指导，也是极好的。 二、下面，具体谈一谈我的备考经历： 1、政治： 这个我准备的较晚，十一之后才开始看，当时感觉时间挺赶的。因为到最后，翻译、基础英语这两科每天都要花大部分时间来巩固，主要是提高速度，但是每天还得保证留出几个小时看政治。都说人不逼自己一把，永远不知道自己的潜能有多大，真的是这样。也许是当时最后几个月真的是每天被政治逼的，所以效率就上去了。最后三个月政治上我只看了肖秀荣的书，知识讲解、1000题、考点预测、还
有最后的冲刺卷，可能因为自己是文科生，所以有些知识点还有些高考时的记忆。但政治这个重要的还是考察你对知识点的理解程度，所以第一遍看知识点的时候尽量放慢速度、深入理解，这样即使最后没有时间再看第二遍课本也没关系，只需要再结合具体题目加深印象就Ok了。精力时间都富裕的当然可以再多找些相关的书看，这个很多帖子都写得很详细，我就不多说了。 2、翻译： 翻译的学习是在不断的练习中一点点提高的，不能着急。我学习翻译的顺序是大三上学期逐步的接触翻译，正好当时报了三笔考试，于是买了三笔实践的配套练习，开始翻译上面的文章。一开始速度很慢，因为刚接触翻译，不过练过几篇之后，就慢慢摸索出一些技巧。后来考完三笔之后，又在图书馆找了一些翻译方面的书籍，那个阶段就是吸收知识的过程，任何和翻译有关的书都会拿来看，其实在刚开始准备的时候，把翻译理论方面的书和具体的翻译练习结合起来，效果很好。理论方面的书比如张培基的《英汉翻译教程》、冯庆华的《实用翻译教程》，叶子南的书也不错，其实这些理论教程内容上都大同小异，选择一本仔细看就够了。 因为同济的复试参考书目里有刘宓庆的《翻译基础》与《文体与翻译》，我就选择了这两本，重点看。看的时候可以边看边做笔记，因为这样后来就比较节省时间，而且复试的时候再看看笔记就行了。除了理论方面的，张培基的《英译中国现代散文选》很不错，值得推荐。具体每个学校的翻译侧重点不同，但散文翻译真的对汉译英提高
西方文化入门（2010） 一、课程名称：西方文化入门 二、学时与学分：36 学时，2 学分 三、适用专业：英语专业本科、 四、课程教材：自编教材 五、参考教材：Duncan Sidwell著，《欧洲文化概况》，外语教学与研究出版社，2008年 12月第一版 王佐良，李品伟等主编，《欧洲文化入门》，外语教学与研究出版社，1992 年9月第二版 六、开课单位：外语学院 七、课程的目的、性质和任务: 西方文化入门是英语专业的一门文化课，目的是使学生了解西方文化的历史发展和文学，文化传统，促进学生对西方文化内涵的兴趣，提高对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性，培养学生跨文化的交际能力。 八、课程的基本要求： 了解西方文化发展的历史脉络，如，作为西方文明源头的希腊罗马文明，基督教的兴起与传播，欧洲中世纪文明，文艺复兴，宗教改革，理性主义的勃发，工业革命和现代欧洲，殖民主义与帝国主义，等；了解西方文化中的一些关键概念，如，希腊城邦，罗马帝国，上帝和子民，人文主义，民主与自由，人权，平等与博爱，科学和技术，工业革命，殖民主义，帝国主义，等；从欧洲的角度了解文学在古代，中世纪，近代和现代的发展，学习希腊文学，罗马文学，文艺复兴时期意大利、英国、西班牙等国经典文学片断，了解欧洲古代，中世纪，文艺复兴，启蒙时期，浪漫主义和现实主义时期文学的特点和精神实质；旨在使学生对西方历史，文化的发展脉络有较为清晰的了解和把握。 九、课程的主要内容： 介绍西方文化的源头古希腊古、罗马的文明，重点为雅典的民主制，希腊史诗与悲剧，希腊建筑艺术，罗马帝国及其影响，罗马文学；《圣经》简介，上帝与子民，中世纪教会组织，人文主义文学，宗教改革，启蒙时代的精神，平等，自由与博爱，欧洲浪漫主义文学，英国工业革命，马克思主义与达尔文主义的兴起与传播，等。 十、说明： 西方文化内容多，涉及面广；由于课时原因，本课程将不涉及一次世界大战以后西方文明的发展，也不涉及美国文明的发展。本课程教材，参考教材均为英文；讲授中英文并用；讲授方式以讲座为主。 十一、考核方式： 课后作业，期末考试。
《欧洲文化入门》知识点笔记 1、There are many elements constituting(组成) European Culture. 2、There are two major elements：Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element. 3、The richness(丰富性) of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element. 第一章 1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. 2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense(无限的)amount of slave labour. 3、Olympus mount，Revived in 1896(当代奥运会) 4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)‘s epics was created by Homer. 5、The events of Homer‘s own time. (错) (They are not about events of Homer‘s own time，probably in the period 1200-1100 B.C.) 6、The Homer‘s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey. 7、Agamemnon，Hector，Achilles are in Iliad. 8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey. 9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→James Joyoe‘s Ulysses(描述一天的生活)。In the 20th century. 10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C. 11、三大悲剧大师①Aeschylus 《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》 ②Sophocles(之首) 《Oedipus the King》—→Freud‘s “the Oedipus complex”(恋母情结) —→David Herbert Lawrence’s《Sons and lovers》(劳伦斯)447页 ③Euripides A.《Trojan Women》 B. He is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会问题剧) 在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物 C. Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”(一个纯粹的人) D. Realism can be traced back (追溯到) to the Ancient Greece. To be specific(具体来说)，Euripides. 12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页 Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派(The lakers )华兹华兹 13、History (Historical writing)史学创作新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游
《英语文学文化及影视赏析》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明 1、课程名称（中英文）：英语文学文化及影视赏析/English Literature and Culture & Appreciation of English movies 2、学时学分：75学时理论教学，2学分 3、适用专业：非英语专业研究生 4、开课学院：外国语学院 5、课程负责人：姜萌萌 二、课程描述： 本课程拟对英语经典文学与相关文化概况进行简要介绍，并遴选英美国家的经典作家和作品，对其文学特色、文化背景进行分析。课程重视文学作品与时代背景、西方历史文化的联系，在教学中将理论与实践相结合，做到寓教于乐。在课内，不仅有作家作品、相关文化背景和信息的介绍、经典作品片段的解读，并通过课堂讨论以及影视作品的欣赏帮助学生最直观地理解西方文化与文学作品的文本意义。在课外，学生需要查阅相关资料，完成相关问题的回答与读书报告，以一种轻松愉悦并且多方面切入的方式学习、了解和体验英语文学文化。该课程目的在于通过英语文学文化的学习，提高学生对英语语言的掌握能力、增强对英语文学经典的理解力和对西方文化的审美能力，进一步养成对英语的敏感性，培养人文素质和文学涵养。 三、教材： 王守仁主编，《英国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 陶洁主编，《美国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 秦秀白，《英美国家概况》，北京：高等教育出版社。 王佐良，《欧洲文化入门》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 自编讲义 四、教学方式： 理论与实践相结合。 五、考核方式： 提交一篇与所学课程相关的课程论文，用英语完成。 总成绩=期末考试成绩70%+平时成绩30%（考勤占10%）