考研阅读精读笔记（2001）
(2009-08-08 16:38:41)
2001
Passage One
L:
specialization n.专业化specialize v.
split v.分离，裂开
subject matter = subject n.主题
a series of 一系列
professionalization/professionalisation n.职业化professionalize v. clear-cut a.清晰的；轮廓鲜明的
draw distinction between A and B 区分A和B
amateur n.业余爱好者
connotation n.隐含意义connote v.
integrate v.整合；使成一整体integration n.
consequent = resulting a.作为结果的，随之发生的
laboratory = lab n.实验室
illustrate v.阐明，举例说明；配插图
geology n.地质学
publications n.出版物
in one’s own right就某人自身而言
incorporate vt.收入，纳入，结合，合并
reflect on 思考，考虑
pursue studies 从事研究
entrance n.进入；入口
journal n.杂志，报纸
reinforce vt.加强；增援
introduction n.引入，引进；介绍
refereeing n.注明出处供参考
national a.全国性的；全国的；国家的；民族的
local a.地方性的；地方的；各地的；当地的；局部的
readership n.读者群
differentiation n.区别
under way 起步，开始；在进行中
delay v./n.延迟，推延
reckon v.认为
write of = refer to = mention vt.提到
hardship n.艰辛
discrimination n.歧视；区别discriminate v.
the discrimination of A against B A对B的歧视
expansion n.扩充；扩张；膨胀expand v.
Passage Two
L:
a great deal of 许多(修饰不可数名词)
so called = so-called a.所谓的
lecture about = talk about vt.谈论
looming a.潜在的
commercialize vt.商业化
universalize = spread = popularize vt.普及
defeat vt./n.击败，打败
impoverished = poor a.贫穷的
impoverish vt.使贫穷；使枯竭
get over 克服，战胜
outdated a.过时的
anti-colonial a.反殖民的
with respect to A 关于/对于/至于A
invasion n.侵略invade v.
sovereignty n.主权
infrastructure n.基础设施
infra (前缀)在下，下面
foundation n.基础
harbor n.港口
port n.港口；港口城市
the Dutch 荷兰人
colony n.殖民地
finance = fund vt.资助
matter n.原因
better off 更富裕
well off 富裕
badly off 经济情况窘迫
lie vi.躺；位于
wipe out 消灭
justify vt.证明...是正当的；为...进行辩护justification n. W:
It is in the interest of sb to do ... 做...符合sb的利益。
It is in the interest of children to limit their access to the Internet.
限制孩子上网符合他们的利益。
guard against A 提防A，警惕A
It is a phenomenon we must guard against. 这是我们必须警惕的一种现象。attach importance to A 重视A
More and more people attach importance to reducing greenhouse gas emission. 越来越多的人开始重视减少温室气体排放。
be prejudiced against A 歧视A，对A有偏见
Many men are prejudiced against women. 很多男性歧视女性。
Passage Three
L:
distrust vt./n.不信任
journalism n.新闻业
credibility n.可信度credible a.可信的project n.计划，项目
sad to say 不幸的是
factual a.事实的
scratch v./n.抓，挠
head-scratching a.令人挠头的，令人费解的puzzlement n.困惑puzzle vt.
in the world = on earth (表示强调语气)究竟，到底way ad.(强调比较级，无实际含义)
plug v.塞入，填入
in other words 换句话说
story line （故事）情节
newsroom n.新闻编辑室
backbone n.脊椎；支柱
ready-made a.现成的
narrative a./n.叙述的；叙述
alien a.外国的；不相容的
be alien to A 与A格格不入，与A不同questionnaire n.问卷
metropolitan a.大都市的
resident n.居民reside vi.居住
at random 随意；随机
live in upscale neighborhoods 住在高档社区
maid n.女仆；少女
volunteer a./n.志愿的；志愿者
define vt.下定义；确定范围/界限
broadly defined 范围较广的，广义上的
elite n.精英
astonish v.震惊
inaccuracy n.不精确inaccurate a.
clash n./v.冲突
world view = world outlook 世界观
troubled a.有麻烦的，麻烦缠身的；不平静的
hire v.雇佣；租用
sponsor v./n.赞助；主办
symposium n.讨论会，座谈会
be dedicated to A 致力于A
flee vi.逃跑
get around to doing 抽出时间/找到时间做... complain about/of A 抱怨A；投诉A
complaint n.抱怨；投诉
diversity n.多元，多样；多样化diverse a. outlook n.观点，见解；前景，展望
illuminating a.有启发作用的illuminate v. tendency n.趋势；倾向tend v. likeliness n.可能性
S:
In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
换句话说，在新闻编辑室的文化中，有一个惯用的情节，这个情节为新闻提供了支柱和现成的叙述结构，否则，新闻会令人感到很难理解。
换句话说，在新闻行业，有一个惯用的报道模式，这个模式为新闻提供了支柱和现成的叙述结构，否则，新闻会令人感到很难理解。
Passage Four
L:
go through 经历
merger n.合并，并购，兼并merge vi.
acquisition n.获取，并购acquire v.
hyperactive a.极其活跃
hyper (前缀)表示超级，超过，高过
emerging a.新兴的；正在出现的
unsurpassed a.未被超越的，无与伦比的
surpass v.超越
might n.力量
concentration n.集中，集结
multinational a.多国的，跨国的；跨民族的n.跨国公司
affiliate n.分支机构vt.使加入，使隶属
segment n.部分
ultimate a.最后的，最终的
massive a.大规模的，大的
underlie v.位于...之下；是...的基础；引起
globalization n.全球化globalize v.
barrier n.障碍
meet one’s demands/needs/requirements满足某人的需求/要求
detrimental a.有害的
scanty a.缺乏的，不足的，稀少的
trust n.托拉斯(一种垄断组织)
break up 分散，肢解；破碎
on the contrary 相反
mega 大；百万
megamerger n.大规模的合并
supervise v.监督supervision n.
operate v.发挥作用；操纵，操作
resort n.求助；求助的事物/人；能够提供帮助的事物/人；常去的地方
last resort 最后的手段，最后的希望
lend n./v.借，出借
lender of last resort 能给予最后帮助的事物/人
gigantic a.巨大的
infringement n.破坏，侵犯，违反infringe v.
take sth on/upon oneself 承担sth
take in 吸纳；吸收；使上当，欺骗
abroad ad./a.国外
trade vi.交易
surplus a./n.多余的
S:
Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created?
面对正在被建立的那些超级银行，谁去监督，谁去管理，谁又作为最后帮助的提供者去发挥作用？
面对正在被建立的那些超级银行，谁去监督，谁去管理，当普通消费者的利益受到这些垄断集团的侵害，谁又能够给普通消费者提供最后的帮助？
Passage Five
L:
quit v.放弃
full time 全职的part time 兼职的
employment n.工作，职业；雇佣
lateral a.侧面的；横向的
lateral move 平级调动
block v.阻挡，阻碍n.木块，石块；街区
high profile 引人注意的；高姿态的，高调的
in the manner of 采用...的方式/方法
disgrace n./v.屈辱；使屈辱
minister n.部长，大臣；牧师
cover v.掩饰；覆盖；报道
exit n.退出；出口
curiously ad.奇怪的是；稀奇的是；好奇地
term A B 把A称作B
tired a.陈旧的，毫无新意的；破旧的；疲劳的
excuse n.借口
transform v.改变
passionate a.充满激情的，热情的passion n.
philosophy n.哲学；哲学体系；人生观
preach v.宣扬；布道，传教
She magazine = She 一份女性杂志的名字
settle for A 勉强接受，接受
publicize v.宣传；广告
resignation n.辞职resign v.
editorship n.编辑职位
build up v./n. 逐渐累积/建立/形成
doctrine n.教条，学说，观念
juggle v.耍戏法；同时做两件以上的事
juggle one’s life本文中指试图在成为成功的职业女性的同时，还能享受家庭生活的温馨从容alternative a.选择的，二选一的
make the alternative move 做出一个不同的选择
downshift v.调低汽车的档速
downshifting n.减速；本文中指不再热衷于追求名利，淡泊一点
bring A with B = bring with B A 随着B带来A（如果A太长，就用第二个短语，语法上称为动宾分割。）
pressure n./v.压；压力
deadline n.截止日期
fearful n.可怕的
strain n.压力
politics n.政治；政治学；斗争，冲突关系；方法，策略；政见，观点
office politics 职场争斗，职场厚黑学
limitation n.限制；局限性
quality time 家人之间，尤其是父母与小孩交流、玩耍等此类共同生活的时间
materialistic a.拜金主义的，物质化的；唯物主义的
well-established 既定的，由来已久的
voluntary a.志愿的，自愿的
simplicity n.简单；朴素
ironically ad.讽刺地；具有讽刺意味的是ironical a. irony n.
breed v.(bred, bred) 产生；哺育
a number of = many 许多
best-selling a.畅销的best-seller n.畅销的商品
self-help a.自助的
simplify v.简化
newsletter n.时事通讯，简报
tip n.建议；有用的消息
recycle v./n.再循环，再利用
cling-film n.保鲜膜
soap n.肥皂
achieve v.实现；达到
equivalent n.对等事物；等价事物
mass n.快；大量
redundancy n.冗余，多余；冗员，多余的人员
thrift n.节俭thrifty a.
acquaintance n.认识，结识；了解；熟人
people of my acquaintance 我所认识的人
seek to do = try to do 试图做，想要做
urge v./n.催促；驱策
be urged to do 受到(内心的)驱策去做，不得不做
mythical a.神话的；想象的；虚构的
risk doing 冒着做...的风险
organic a.有机的，绿色的(未受污染)；器官的，有机体的；自然的，简单的
compel = force = oblige = constrain vt.强迫，迫使
step out 走出，离开
too ... to 太...而不能(但too前面出现only，all，词组的否定意义消失，例如only too eager to do = very eager to do)
mold vt. = shape 形成
lead sb to do = prompt sb to do = make sb do 使sb做...
lead to A 导致A
A characterized by
B 有B这样一个特点的A
adventurous a.冒险的adventure n.
S:
My experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.
我在美国人将其称作“淡泊名利”这方面所做的实验，把我那个毫无新意的借口变成了绝对的现实。
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
我已经发现，正如凯尔西在积累了很多压力，从“She”杂志的编辑岗位上做出她被广泛报道的辞职之后，很可能也会发现，放弃“工作生活两手都抓”的教条，做一个不同的选择，开始“淡泊名利”，随之带来的回报要比经济上的成功和社会地位要大得多。
... there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.
对那些想在90年代中期做出与（过去人们的）退隐相似行为的人来说，甚至也有一些组织可以给他们提供帮助。
A is not so much
B as C. 与其说A是B，不如说A是C。
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the'80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life —growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations.
对于那些在整个80年代不得不“工作生活两手都抓”的与我同龄的女性来说，90年代中期的“淡泊名利”，与其说是寻找那种虚幻的好生活—自己种有机蔬菜，并且冒着变成一个头脑简单的人的风险—不如说是每个人对对自身局限性的一种承认。
W:
It never occurred to me that ... 我从未想到...
It never occurred to me that a big company like yours could make such a mistake.
我从未想到像你们这样的大公司居然也犯这样的错误。
hurt one’s pride伤害某人的自尊
Being frank may hurt other people’s pride.直言不讳可能会伤害别人的自尊。
be happy to settle for a bit of everything 任何东西只要有一点就能满足，知足常乐
Zhuang Zi was a man who was happy to settle for a bit of everything.
庄子是个知足常乐的人。
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题 Part I Cloze Test Directions： For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control. 9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said. Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts. 1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as 2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening 3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft 4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper 5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity 6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as 7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed 8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate 9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure 10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash 11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration
UNIT SIX TEXT ONE Maintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially as forward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts. Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market. Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical university's in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service gave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsoft's Windows Live @ edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminating another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators' concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money through advertising, runs at a loss. But what money they don't make at the moment will—the companies hope—pay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Google's Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-based formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldn't afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them. Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, with privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologies like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Google
考研英语93分学长的阅读笔记（强烈推荐） 考研英语阅读的基本解题思路（四步走）第一，扫描提干，划关键项。第二，通读全文，抓住中心。1. 通读全文，抓两个重点：①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）；②其他各段的段首和段尾句。（其他部分略读，有重点的读）2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？②文章中有无提到核心概 念？③作者的大致态度是什么？第三，仔细审题，返回原文。（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则：①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。第四，重叠选项，得出答案。（重叠原文=对照原文）1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由 阅读理解的解题技巧 1. 例证题：①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example,case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。②返回原文，找出该例证
所在的位置，既给该例子定位。③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。（╳）要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。2. 指代题：①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远）。③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。3. 词汇题：“搜索代入”法①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。②确定该词汇的词性③从上下文（词汇的前后几句）中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找），代入所给词汇在文章中的位置（将之替换）看语义是否合适④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上
1994年考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记 Text 1 ， spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Private businessmen，striving to make profits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive， operating under competitive pressures，largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.In the American economy， this mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response to short supply relative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost，， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.Thus， price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. productive resources (private property)， and they are permitted to hire labor， gain control over natural resources， and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.In the American economy，the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 51. In Line 7， Paragraph 1，“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means . ［A］ Americans are never satisfied with their incomes ［B］ Americans tend to overstate their incomes ［C］ Americans want to have their incomes increased ［D］ Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that . ［A］ producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production ［B］ consumers can express their demands through producers ［C］ producers decide the prices of products ［D］ supply and demand regulate prices 53. According to the passage， a private-enterprise economy is characterized by . ［A］ private property and rights concerned
【考研英语辅导班】如何完成考研英语阅读笔记启道考研分享 得英语者得考研，想超越80分，关注启道英语考研辅导班。 全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为英语（一）和英语（二）。 英语（一）即原研究生入学统考“英语”，所有学术型硕士研究生（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士（法律硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、建筑学硕士、护理硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、公共卫生硕士等）必考英语（一）。 英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。 对于很多考生来说，考研英语是一门比较难的科目，很多同学为了取得更好的分数都会选择报考研英语辅导班!那么多的考研英语辅导班那，究竟哪个考研英语辅导班比较好呢?哪个才是适合自己的呢？启道考研小编来帮忙。 在启道考研英语辅导班，不需要每天不停的刷阅读，刷阅读，刷阅读。。。。。更不需要毫无目标的做真题，做真题，做真题。。。。。掌握有效的学习方法，完成事半功倍的学习效率。 第一，扫描题干，划关键项。 第二，通读全文，抓住中心。 1. 通读全文，抓两个重点： ①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题); ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读，有重点的读) 2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题： ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么? ②文章中有无提到核心概念? ③作者的大致态度是什么? 第三，仔细审题，返回原文。(仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩) 定位原则： ①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)
②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。 2.做题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。 阅读理解解题技巧 1. 词汇题：“搜索代入”法 ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性。 ③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适。 ④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案。 注意： a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。 d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。 ▲隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。 2. 指代题： ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
2011考研英语真题及答案(免费下载) D
stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow. Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz. 1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief
考研阅读精读笔记（98Passage Four - 99）(2009-06-30 17:58:21) Passage Four L: census n.人口普查 regional a.地区的region n. standstill n.停止 in years ahead 将来 enthrone vt.使加冕；使登王位；使成为最高/最大/最强... densely ad.稠密地；密集地dense a. populate = inhabit vt.居住 the most densely populated region 人口最密集的地区 the most thinly populated area 人口最稀少的地区 counting n.计数，计算，数数count v. numerically ad.数字地，数目地numerical a. add up to = amount to 总计，达到 except for 除了 the Depression (1929-1932)大萧条 migrate v. 迁徙，移动migration n. migrant n.迁徙者；候鸟 belt n.带，地带，腰带 be attributed to 被归因于 nonstop a.不停顿的 wave n.浪潮；波浪 immigrant n.移民immigrate v. crop n.庄稼，作物；一批 baby boom 婴儿潮，婴儿出生高峰 child-bearing a.生育孩子的 demographer n.人口学家 demography n.人口学 vast a.广大的，大的 respectively ad.各自地respective a. be composed of 由...构成，包括 square n./a.正方形；广场；平方 per square mile 每平方英里 crowded a.拥挤crowdedness n. bearable a.能承受的，能忍受的 dramatize v.戏剧化的表达；清楚地表达/表现 spacious a.宽敞的 smog n.烟雾 plague n.弊端；瘟疫；灾难；祸患 urbanization n. 城市化，都市化urbanize v. the Golden State 指California two thirds 三分之二 one fifth 五分之一
一．考研阅读的基本解题思路：（四步走） 第一，扫描提干，划关键项。 第二，通读全文，抓住中心。 1. 通读全文，抓两个重点： ①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）； ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。（其他部分略读，有重点的读） 2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题： ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？ ②文章中有无提到核心概念？ ③作者的大致态度是什么？ 第三，仔细审题，返回原文。（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则： ①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等） ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。（重叠原文=对照原文） 1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。 2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由 二．阅读理解的解题技巧 1. 例证题： ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。 ②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 ⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。 ? 即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。（╳） 要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。 2. 指代题： ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子（先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远）。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。 ④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。 3. 词汇题：“搜索代入”法 ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性
新东方考研英语辅导笔记 阅读理解部分 一、阅读文章 1．来源：西方的报刊杂志 2．文体：议论文，说明文，记叙文，应用文 3．历年考题：多为社会科学，自然科学，人文科学 4．大纲 5. 时间分配: 难度系数40%至50%,平均每篇17-18分钟,其中解题用10分钟(每题2分钟),把时间充分用到解题上,文章读出大概,题目仔细推敲 6． key word: ①Close reading, ②阅读四步走③48精读击破法 ① Close reading: 第一、精读要达到：首先，分析文章，对题目中的四个选项要做分析。正确的选项要做分析，错误的选项也要做分析。其次，把文章中的单词要背会、要全部熟悉掌握。长句子要摘取下来背诵，翻译。对于重点文章，有时需要背诵全文。 第二、如何精读48篇文章：首先是单词量；其次是难句；最后是解题思路。 第三、对于文章则可以多角度的读，题目也可以多角度的分析。 ②48精读击破法复习方式：以点代面，切忌题海战术！ 第一、精度的角度。首先是单词量；其次是对阅读中的长句、难句进行分析；最后要对题目进行分析。 第二、泛读的目的。第一是增强背景知识；第二是锻炼抓住文章中心的能力。 第三、建议要读以下三本杂志：Time, Newsweek, Economist. 二、阅读四步走：（宏观与微观的结合） 1.扫描题干,划出关键词(不要看选项) 结合题干，可以把握文章的脉络，以便有目的性的阅读文章。 2．通读全文，抓住中心（7、8分钟） 1) 通读全文。要点：①首段②其他各段的段首段尾句和转折处（各个题目往往出现正确答案，英文逻辑性强，重点放开头结尾 2) 抓住中心。阅读后，用一分半中时间思考①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？②文章中有无提到核心概念？③作者大致态度是什么？ 3．仔细审题返回原文（审题，题干中蕴含陷阱或不细心，影响答题方向） 定位原则：1) 通常是由题干出发，寻找关键信息。大写字母，地名，时间，数字等。 2) 自然段定位原则：出题顺序与行文的顺序是大体一致的。目的都是缩小范围。4．重叠选项，得出答案。重叠原文à即对照原文。必须要返回原文，对照选项，排除确定。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilience has not historical ly been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000). One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about €0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros. 注（1）：本文选自Economist；12/18/2004, p115-115, 2/5p； 注（2）：本文习题命题模仿2004年真题text 1第1题和第3题（1，3），2001年真题text 1第2题（2），1999年真题text 2第2题（4）和2002年真题text 3第4题（5）； 1.What is Turkey’s economic situation now? [A] Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members. [B] Its inflation rate is still rising. [C] Its economy grows faster than any EU member. [D] Its economic resilience is very strong. 2.We can infer from the second paragraph that__________. [A] Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members
英语阅读笔记 一.文章的套路结构:（本笔记局限于说明文章，议论文章。） 1. 结论说明型 A．文章开始出现一个结论，后为对他的解释 B.TS(topical sentence即主题句)即为为结论出现支出；注意特别容易的情况是每一段之主题句是该段首句。 C.什么是“判断句”？---通常很重要，判断结论说明型靠判断句，直指主题 a.系表结构:be. remain b.含有作者的态度和评价，注意可能有自由褒贬词 2.新老观点型 A.判断标志: 文章开始不久就出现了老观点,例如: it was traditionally assumed? it was once / usually believed? Many ××believed that? Many ××have argued? It was frequently assumed that? It was universally accepted that? 过去.传统.大家一致公认的观点,都是老观点。 B.TS:陈述新观点的句子。 C.新观点特征: 对同一focus给出不同的解释。 读到老观点的时候,应该停下来想一想,新观点可能是什么样子,从而往下有目的地寻找。 3.现象解释型 A.判断标志:首段给出一个自然的或社会的现象,往往很古怪,下文对其做出解释。 B.可能有多种解释,TS:作者给了正评价的解释。 C.需要注意的是: a.可能先给出几个错误的(作者持负评价),最后一个才是正确的(正平价)。 b.可能所有解释作者全都不喜欢。 4.问题解决.回答型 A.判断标志: a.手段出现了设问句。 b.首段出现了以下词语:problem difficulty task puzzle 等
2001年考研英语作文真题解说 Directions: Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it. There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to 1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below, 2) give a specific example, and 3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 2001年考研作文经历了一次重大的变革——文章要求有所改动：字数增多，由原来的150字增到200字，也就是说180字以下的文章要扣分。同时写作部分的分值也由15分提高到20分，充分体现了写作在考研英语测试中的重要地位。 本文中的图画非常简单，结合提示考生很容易理解其含义，但这张图片的意义却很深远：油灯上面的火焰是一个孩子的微笑，在黑暗中发出明亮的光芒，上面还有一句提示语“爱心是一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮。”这句话的理解关系到对整篇文章中心思想的正确理解。这句话的前半句是个比喻，后半句是一个越……越……的结构，考生应该深刻领会爱心的重要作用。本文中的提纲有三点，一是写出对于图画象征意义的理解，二是举出一个具体的事例，三是就献爱心的最好办法给出建议。另外这道题目中增加了情景语言，即：包括情景说明，提纲说明，以及图画。降低了题目的难度，考生可以结合提纲式作文、规定情景作文和图画作文的写作特点完成本文的写作。但要注意一个重要原则：英语情景说明语句，不可直接照搬，需要进行改动。尽量应用同义，近义词，相关表达，不同句式改造。例如worthy 可以替换为valuable，feelings 可以替换为 emotions，mankind 可以替换为 human being，noblest可以替换为greatest等。我们可 分三段来完成本文。在第一段中不仅应描述图画，还应描述上面的那句话。在第