(整理)天体名称中英对照

part 1. 天文类1 astronomy 天文astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员star 恒星stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪2 geography 地理geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground)地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal)地热terrestrial magnetism(geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石3 geology 地质学geologist 地质学家crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum, 复数strata) 地层plate 板块fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split) 断裂disintegration (decomposition) 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩quartz 石英limestone 石灰岩marble 大理石granite 花岗岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma 岩浆mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金，铂silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞，水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period)冰川期glacial drift 冰渍iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口lava 火山岩浆volcanic 火山的volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor;seism) 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变4 anthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人〔科〕homogeneous 同一种族〔种类〕的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 〔青〕铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的5 ecology 生态学ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere)臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes 〔有毒〕废气waste 废物solid waste 固体垃圾sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel 〔噪音〕分贝6 meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current 〔气〕流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation 〔雨、露、雪等〕降水breeze 微风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity,catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾7 chemistry 化学chemical property 化学特性，化学性质chemical composition( makeup ) 化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反响chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; material)物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound 化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术petroleum (oil) 石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine 提炼，精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子nucleus 原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalysis 〔复数catalyses 〕催化作用catalyst 催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化装品8 ．physics 物理physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声，洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性，磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part)电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification ( 名词) 放大amplify 〔动词〕放大amplifier 放大器，扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光〔学〕的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜，镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X 射线Gamma rays γ 射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的9 mathematicsmathematics 数学mathematician 数学家arithmetic 算术calculation 计算calculator 计算器abacus 算盘numeral 数字sum 和total (sum total) 总和，总数aggregate 总计fraction 分数，小数decimal 十进位，〔十进〕小数digit 数字，数位percentage 百分比addition 加法plus 加上subtraction 减法minus 减去multiplication 乘法multiplication table 乘法表multiply 乘以times 乘以power 乘方square 平方division 除法divide 除以algebra 代数quantity 表示量的数〔或符号〕equation 方程式，等式formula 公式root 根geometry 几何geometric 几何的dimension 维parallel adj. 平行的n. 平行线quadrilateral 四边形square 正方形area 面积rectangle 长方形，矩形polygon 多边形cube 立方形volume 体积sphere 球形circle 圆形ellipse (oval) 椭圆形cone 圆锥形circumference 圆周diameter 直径radius 半径triangle 三角形angle 角degree ( 角) 度calculus 微积分differential calculus 微分学integral calculus 积分学function 函数probability 概率statistics 统计quantitative 量的，数量的qualitative 质的，质量的deduction (inference) 推论，演绎induction 归纳10 agriculture 农业agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤；土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂，泥沙clay 黏土，湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的，农业的pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow( rake) 耙，耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot 〔patch 〕小块地ranch 农场，牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲，锹shovel ( 平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow(seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure(fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒〔农药〕insecticide(pesticide) 杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓mill 碾，磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats 燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟，小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 南瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animalhusbandry) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛，家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay 〔作饲料用〕干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn(shed) 牲口槽stable 厩，马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖11 animal 动物Darvinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic( life) 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibiousanimal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insect 昆虫antenna ( 复数antennae)触须larva 幼虫，幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫，蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous ) 食肉的predator 捕食者prey 〔动词〕捕食〔名词〕被捕食的动物scavenger 食腐动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀，翼bill 〔鸟〕嘴beak 〔鹰等的〕嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地rodent 啮齿动物〔如松鼠〕primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物〔如珊瑚〕shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 对虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp ( 鸟，虫的叫声) 唧唧squeak 〔老鼠等〕吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes ( 昆虫等) 群swarms ( 昆虫等) 群flock 〔鸟，羊等〕群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch 〔花等〕束，捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous 一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper 诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官，遗迹oyster 牡蛎fertilizer 使… 受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed ( 名词) 品种，〔动词〕繁殖multiply 〔reproduce 〕繁殖hatch 孵spawn ( 鱼、虾、蛙等) 孵offspring (young) 解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂事的12 plant 植物botany 植物学botanist 植物学家botanical (botanic) 植物的plant 植物aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层，顶棚foliage (leaf) 叶leaflet 小叶rosette ( 叶的) 丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽，抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel(skin) 果皮shell ( 硬) 果壳husk 〔干〕果壳；〔玉米〕苞叶trunk 树干branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地，牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush) 灌木cluster 一簇〔灌木〕fern 蕨类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用symbiosis 共生wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的orchid 兰花pollinate 授粉crossbreed 杂交shrub 灌木sequoia 红杉root pressure 根压cohesion-tension 凝聚压力bore 腔，肠column 花柱symbiotic 共生的immunity 免疫organism 生物，有机物necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物〔淀粉〕，糖类glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命calorie 卡路里〔热量单位〕malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养13 politics 政治constitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票officeholding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命/ 独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的, 根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 冲动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合14 education 教育educator 教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员，财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程〔总称〕discipline 学科，管理learn by rote 死记硬背15 music 音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra 乐队string 弦乐wind 管乐shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓footbeat 点脚，跺脚percussion 震荡，打击乐器note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐16 psychology 心理mental 心理的physical 身体的，物质的，物理的spiritual 心灵的conformity 从众majority 多数人minority 少数人threshold judgment 〔心理学〕初始性判断subject 受实验对象17 people 人物artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 挖苦作家inventor 创造家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格，体裁eccentric 古怪的odd 怪诞的，奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的，不可思议的unique 独一无二的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的，无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的，情感的sentimental 感伤的，多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的，无生命力的patriarchal 家长的，族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的nervous 紧张的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的outstanding 杰出的versatile ( 人) 多才多艺的，〔物体〕多功能的household 家庭的，家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的symbolic 象征性的immortal 不朽的，神nostalgia 怀旧主义，思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的。

天体名称中英对照甲板部物料水手长物料丙纶缆 polypropylene 尼龙缆 nylon hawser纤维尼龙缆 polyethylene hawser 麻绳 manila rope塑料绳吊货钢丝 cargo runner千斤索 topping lift稳索 preventer stay卸扣 shackle花兰螺丝 turnbuckle三角圈 wire rope thimble钢丝轧头 wire rope clip吊杆顶索滑车 topping lift block大滑车 head block根滑车 heel block开口滑车 snatch block牵索滑车 gay block单柄滑车 single sheave block双柄滑车 double sheave block嵌环 thimble棍梯液压钢丝铡刀船壳灰漆 grey topside船壳白漆 white gloss exterior奶黄漆 buff cream paint甲板红漆 deck red绿水线漆 green boot toping货舱银漆 hold aluminium抗热油漆 heat resistant aluminium 标志红/兰/绿/黄/黑 red lead凡立水 varnish稀释剂 thinner牛油 grease煤油 kerosene钢丝绳油 wire dressing oil/ tar oil 去漆水撇缆绳 heaving line测水绳 sounding rope榔头 hammer长柄铲刀 long hand flat scraper刮锈刀 gooseneck scraper电榔头 electric chipping machine轴 spare shaft片 spare blade头 spare head set气榔头 pneumatic chipping machine钢丝钳 wire cutter尖嘴钳 long nose pliers梅花扳手 hexag. r. spanner套筒扳手 socket wrench管子扳手 pipe wrench活动扳手 shifting spanner螺栓 bolt螺母 nut扁螺丝刀 screw driver十字螺丝刀 cross head driver铁皮剪刀 tin's snips剪刀 scissors水手刀 jack knife手拉葫芦 chain block液压千斤顶 hydraulic jack钢卷尺 steel tape ruler皮卷尺 measuring tape扁漆刷 flat paint brush弯漆刷 gooseneck paint brush滚筒漆刷 roller paint brush喷漆枪 paint sprayer牛油枪 grease gun游标卡尺 vernier caliper闹钟 alarm clock皮大衣 fur overcoat雨衣 rain coat安全帽 safety helmet / hard cap 舷梯安全网 gangway net安全带 safety belt太阳镜 sun glasses护眼镜 goggles帆布手套 canvas gloves线手套 cotton gloves皮手套 leather gloves肥皂粉 soap powder / detergent 棉纱 cotton waste破布 cotton rag毛巾布 towel cloth竹扫巴 bamboo broom棕扫巴 palm broom， coir broom 铁水桶 galvanic iron bucket塑料水桶 plastic bucket老鼠挡 rat guard电筒 torch, flash light钳子 pincers铜锁 padlock大副物料海水比重计配载仪木匠物料麻花钻头 auger bits钢丝钳 combination pliers斜口钳 side cutting pliers扁嘴钳 flat nose pliers什锦锉 assorted files手电钻 electric drill machine 双头开口扳手 spanner活动扳手 adjustable spanner手电锯 electric saw machine不锈钢尺 stainless steel ruler 量水尺 wooden sounding ruler 量水绳 sounding rope门锁 lock三合板 three-lay board五合板 five-lay board地板胶万能胶水 general purpose glue 手摇钻 hand drill量油尺 oil gauging tape封舱胶布 seal adhesive tape油布 tarpaulin二副物料尼龙旗绳 halyard nylon国旗 national flag海图橡皮 eraser , rubber秒表 stop watch透明胶纸海图三角板 triangular海图两脚规 chart devider放大镜 chart magnifier望远镜 binoculars, telescope理发剪子 hair clippers信号旗字母旗数字旗代旗回答旗六分仪 sextant三副物料救生圈 life buoy救生衣 life jacket救生浮灯 man-over-board signal light救生饼干 lifeboat biscuit烟幕信号 smoke signal降落伞信号 parachute distress signal红火号 red hand flare鱼钩 fishing tackle抛绳器 line throwing appliance消防斧 fire axe消防撬棍 fire fighting crowbar消防火钩 fire fighting hook消防衣 asbestos fire suit氧气呼吸器 breathing apparatus, respiration 防毒面具 smoke helmet直流水枪 jet squirt两用水枪 multi jet squirt国际通用接头 international shore connector 消防皮龙 fire hose水带接扣 fire hose couplerCO2灭火器 CO2 extinguisher泡沫灭火器 foam extinguisher干粉灭火器 dry powder fire extinguisher救生服 exposure suit保温袋反光带 reflective tape救生衣灯防火救生绳呼吸器氧气瓶 compressed oxygen bottle电台物料硫酸 sulphuric aid蒸馏水 distilled water单胶线 single cord wire老虎钳 hand plier奶子榔头 ball peen hammer钢丝钳 wire cutter plier剥线钳 wire cover c. plier电工刀 electrician knife电烙铁 electric smolder iron手风器 moulder's bellow液体比重计 hydrometer万用表 A.V.O. meter , multimeter测电笔 test pencil救生用语brakewinchdavit motorfenderdrainage plugfallhelmboat motorembarkation ladderpuoylifejacketlifebuoy保温袋防寒服blanketpyrotechnic signalparachutehand flaresmoketwo-way radiotelephoneEPIRBline-throwing appliance放艇步骤Lifeboat Launching Procedure1. CHECK drainage plug is in;2. CHECK harbour pins are out;3. LOWER / LAY OUT embarkation ladder;4. RELEASE all gripes;5. LOWER to embarkation deck;6. RIG toggle painter;7. MAKE FAST bowsing-in tackles;8. LET GO tricing-in pendants;9. BOARD when ordered to;10. SIT DOWN and keep hands inside boat;11.EASE OFF and LET GO bowing-in tackles;12.LOWER boat until falls are released;13.UNHOOK falls14.RIG tiller15.EMBARK lauching crew16.LET GO toggle painter;17.FEND OFF with boathook.USEFUL PHRASES:harbour pin 在港固定销gripe 固定栓夹（制动器）squeeze lever 压杆knock off slip ringembarkation deckboat decktoggle painter 艇索bowsing-in tackletricing-in pendantunhook falltiller 舵柄boathookcold kill 防寒衣life jacketmuster listmuster station救生筏属具sea anchorbalanced water pocketrain guttertentwater accumulating bagpainterlife linesea water cell bagsea water cellrighting strapexhaust valvehand bellows (and a horse)rescue quoit and 30m linefloating knifebailerspongeoarsea anchorrepair outfittin openerfirst aid kitgraduated drinking vesselwaterproof signalling torchspare bulb & batterywhistledaylight signalling mirrorsea cellparachute distress signalshand flaresfishing tackleillustrated table of life-saving signals illustrated on how to survive in the liferaft sea sickness tabletsconcentrated emergency foods rationwater in polyethylene bottle (liter)accessory valise放筏步骤INFLATABLE LIFERAFTS OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS1. To operate the liferaft, release the slipping hook on the hydrostatic releaser. Care should be taken that the painter of the liferaft must be secured at the original position.2. Let go the liferaft to slide down into the water or raise up liferaft by hands and throw it into the water. At this moment, the attached heaving line of the inflating line will be pulled out and kept open the cylinder valve, thus completed the raft inflating.3. If the height of the liferaft stowed deck was less than 11 meters above the water surface, care must be taken to pay out more inflating line so as to make the inflating cylinder valve kept open and then the raft will be inflating automatically.4. If the liferaft was inverted upside down in the water, it should be restored upright by person wearing lifejacket standing at the cylinder side and pull the restoring strap, which was fitted under the bottom of the liferaft, with two hands and squatting down with face upward against wind. Thus the liferaft will be restored upright.5. After the liferaft was fully inflated, then the person wearing life jackets can be embarked into the liferaft by stepping down from gangway or suspension ladder and also by leaping from the ship board or jumping into water, and climbing up the soft ladder which was fixed under the entryway of the leferaft, then turn over the body and get into the liferaft.6. If there are some persons overboard ,the embarked person should throw out a rescue ring, then pull back the heaving line and help them to embark.Cut off the painter by the safety knife which was stowed on the upper buoyancy tyre or in the tool's bag and row the liferaft quickly, to leave the sinking ship, otherwise will be capsized.After the liferaft has got leave the sinking ship, then let go the sea anchor into water so as to keep nearby at the siteof the accident.7. When the liferaft was drifting, we can send signals to make the passing vessels to pay attention to our liferaft. The electric torch, whistle, red hand flares or red parachute signals can be used at night, and the daylight signalling mirror, whistle, red parachute signals, self-activating smoke signal can be used at the daytime.急救药箱LIST OF FIRST-AID OUTFITbandage dressing and bleeding stanchinggauze dressing or external application 纱布triangular bandage dressing any wounded part of body adhesive plaster for fixing 医用膏带cotton wool for disinfection 药棉tourniquet (rubber tube) for venous or arterial bleeding 止血带pincette 镊子scissorssafety pins for fixing 别针ammonia solution used as a restorative in shock, or for insectbitesalcohol for disinfectionwoundplast for small bleeding wound 创可帖antiseptic burn or wound cream for burns and scalds 烫伤膏coulentum tetracyclini for keratitis and allergicconjunctivitis 四环素眼膏allaying fever relieving pain(APC) for headache, toothache, and fever 解热止痛片sulfamethoxazolum composita（SMZ Co.) for inflammation of upper respiratory track, urinary infection, intestines infection and septicaemia消防用语消防演习FIRE DRILLfire-fighting squadfirst-aid squadtechnical squadfiremancut off concerned circuits, turn off ventilating blowers close fire doors, windows, hatches, accesses, ventilators control hydrant, fire hose, nozzlecarry portable extinguisherseparate inflammable from fire spotadminister international shore connectioncarry first-aid box, perform first-aidcarry stretcheradminister the fixed CO2/foam fire-extinguishing system automatic sprinkle systemthe fixed pressure water-spraying fire-extinguishing system control the emergency fire pumpclose fire door, skylight,shut off valves and cocks of oil suction pipes呼吸器BREATHING APPARATUScomposed of:**** calculate the quantity of free air:eg. one 3-litre cylinder charged to 30MPa (300 barf)contains 3*300=900 litres of free air.average comsuption is 40 litre per minute.**** don apparatus:消防设备fireman's outfitoxygen apparatusportable foam applicater天气名称中英对照锚用语1. ANCHORING ORDERSheave away anchorheave up anchorweigh anchorlet gopay awayslack awaypay outstand by port anchorget the port anchor readystand by both anchorstand by kedge anchortwo shackles in waterthree shackle on deckstand by heavingput windlass into gearhold oncheck the cableavast heaving 停止绞锚up and downtake in the slack on the chainis the chain tight?chain is tighthow is the chain leadingleading forwardleading aft / asternleading to port / starboardanchor leading abeamchain across ship's headchain on the port bowanchor is clearanchor is aweighanchor is upanchor is foulanchor is acrossanchor is elbow 锚链绞缠anchor is draggingslack off the brakewalk back 锚链倒出walk out port anchor to water surface shorten your cable to 2 shackles dredge anchor2. USEFUL PHRASES chain / cable windlass anchor locker anchor pipe riding anchor lee anchorhawse pipe 锚链孔 bower 大锚 spare bower 备用锚货运用语中英文对照货运用语中英文对照运输 transportation | | transit | | conveyance运送 to transport | | to carry | | to convey运输业 transportation business | | forwarding business | | carrying trade运输代理人 a forwarding agent承运人 a freight agent | | a carrier船务代理人 a shipping agent陆上运输 transportation by land海上运输transportation by sea货物运输 goods traffic | | freight traffic | | carriage of freights | | carriage of goods货轮 cargo boat | | freighter | | cargo steamer | | cargo carrier火车 goods-train | | freight-train卡车 goods-van | | goods wagon | | freight car | | truck货运办公室 goods-office | | freight-department运费率 freight | | freight rates | | goods rate运费 carriage charges | | shipping expenses | | express charges车费 cartage | | portage运费预付 carriage prepaid | | carriage paid运费到付 carriage forward | | freight collect运费免除||免费 carriage free协定运费 conference freight | | freight rate运费清单 freight account托运单 way-bill | | invoice运送契约 contract for carriage装运 shipment | | loading装上货轮 to ship | | to load | | to take on a ship装运费 shipping charges | | shipping commission装运单||载货单 shipping invoice装运单据 shipping documents大副收据 mate's receipt装船单 shipping order提货单 delivery order装船通知 shipping advice包裹收据 parcel receipt准装货单 shipping permit租船契约 charter party租船人 charterer程租船||航次租赁 voyage charter期租船 time charter允许装卸时间 lay days | | laying days工作日 working days连续天数 running days | | consecutive days滞期费 demurrage滞期日数 demurrage days速遣费 despatch money空舱费 dead freight退关 short shipment | | goods short shipped | | goods shut out | | shut-outs 赔偿保证书(信托收据) letter of indemnity | | trust receipt装载 loading卸货 unloading | | discharging | | landing装运重量 shipping weight | | in-take-weight卸货重量 landing weight压舱 ballasting压舱货 in ballast舱单 manifest船泊登记证书 ship's certificate of registry 航海日记 ship's log船员名册 muster-roll(船员，乘客)健康证明 bill of health光票 clean bill不清洁提单 foul bill有疑问提单 suspected bill航运术语。

太阳系八大行星，英文及命名解释Solar System and Planets墨丘利（维纳斯地球）马尔斯（朱庇特萨图恩）（乌拉诺斯尼普顿）普鲁托汉语中，八大行星有5颗以“金木水火土”五行命名，其他为翻译。

英语中，以古罗马及希腊诸神命名。

太阳系，Solar System太阳Sun水星Mercury，小写m为水银，汞。

罗马神话中的墨丘利神，众神的信使，掌管商业。

墨丘利[Mercury]古罗马宗教所信奉的商贾之神，一般认为相当于希腊众神信使赫耳墨斯。

位于罗马阿文丁山的神殿落成于公元前495年。

女神迈亚被认为是他的母亲，母子两神同在5月15日的节日受奉祀。

墨丘利有时被描绘作手握钱囊，象征其司掌商业。

更多的时候他被赋予了赫耳墨斯的特征，也穿带翼靸鞋或戴有翼之帽，且手执节杖。

墨丘利，戴有翼之帽、执杖的古典雕像；现藏佛罗伦萨的乌菲齐美术馆。

Alinari--Art Resource金星Venus，维纳斯，古罗马女神，掌管农田和园林，象征爱情和女性美。

朱庇特（Jupiter）之女，丘比特（Cupid）之母。

补充：爱神丘比特，通常为生有双翅的男童，手执弓箭，其父即为水星墨丘利。

金星启明星Venus古罗马女神，司掌农田和园林，后来认为她就是司掌爱情的希腊女神阿佛洛狄忒。

朱庇特和狄俄涅之女，伏尔甘之妻、丘比特之母。

维纳斯象征爱情和女性美，自古就是重要艺术题材，著名的维纳斯像包括《米洛的维纳斯》和S.波提切利所画《维纳斯的诞生》。

火星Mars，古罗马神话中的战神马尔斯，重要性仅次于主神朱庇特马尔斯[Mars]古罗马战神和罗马的守护神，其重要性仅次于主神朱庇特。

纪念他的节日是在春天(3月)和秋天(10月)。

奥古斯都时期，罗马只有两座马尔斯神庙。

他的圣矛保存在圣所，战争爆发时，罗马执政官必须摇动圣矛说“马尔斯，醒过来”。

在奥古斯都统治时期，马尔斯不仅成为罗马军事的保护人，也是皇帝的保护人。

他在希腊神话中同阿瑞斯神。

木星Jupiter，古罗马神话中的主神朱庇特，相当于希腊神话的宙斯。

英语课程中关于天文与宇宙探索词汇英语作为一门国际语言，涵盖了各个领域的词汇。

在学习英语的过程中，掌握与天文与宇宙探索相关的词汇是非常重要的。

本文将为大家介绍一些常用的英语词汇，以帮助大家更好地理解天文和宇宙探索的知识。

一、天体名称1. The Sun - 太阳2. The Moon - 月亮3. Star - 星星4. Planet - 行星5. Mercury - 水星6. Venus - 金星7. Earth - 地球8. Mars - 火星9. Jupiter - 木星10. Saturn - 土星11. Uranus - 天王星12. Neptune - 海王星二、宇宙探索相关词汇1. Space - 太空2. Universe - 宇宙3. Galaxy - 星系4. Astronomer - 天文学家5. Astronaut - 宇航员6. Telescope - 望远镜7. Spacecraft - 航天器8. Rocket - 火箭9. Satellite - 卫星10. Lunar landing - 登月11. UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) - 不明飞行物三、天文现象与术语1. Lunar eclipse - 月食2. Solar eclipse - 日食3. Comet - 彗星5. Meteor shower - 流星雨6. Black hole - 黑洞7. Nebula - 星云8. Milky Way - 银河系9. Celestial bodies - 天体10. Orbit - 轨道11. Rotation - 自转12. Revolution - 公转13. Gravity - 重力四、天文与宇宙探索相关短语1. Outer space - 外太空2. Launch a satellite - 发射卫星3. Stellar explosion - 星体爆炸4. Space exploration - 太空探索5. Alien life - 外星生命6. Interstellar travel - 星际旅行7. Space mission - 太空任务8. Space station - 空间站9. Space probe - 太空探测器10. Astronomical observation - 天文观测以上是英语课程中关于天文与宇宙探索的一些常用词汇和短语。

天体名词中英文对照常用太阳 the sun水星 Mercury金星 Venus地球 the earth火星 Mars木星 Jupiter土星 Saturn天王星 Uranus海王星 Neptune冥王星 Pluto星 star行星 planet彗星 comet卫星 satellite流星 shooting star陨石 meteorite银河 Galaxy天河 Milky way1.摩羯座 Capricorn2.宝瓶座 Aquarius3.双鱼座 Pisces4.白羊座 Aries5.金牛座 Taurus6.双子座 Gemini7.巨蟹座 Cancer8.狮子座 Leo9.室女座 Virgo10天秤座 Libra11天蠍座 Scorpio12人马座 Sagittarius仙女座 the Andromeda猎戸座 the Orion仙后座 the Cassiopea飞马座 the Pegasus北极星 Polaris/the polestar 北斗星 Plough/Great Dipper 南十字座 Crux/Southern Cross 天狼星 Sirius牛郎星 Altair织女星 Vega日斑 macula日冕 corona黒洞 black hole日食 solar eclipse月食 lunar eclipse月亮 the moon满月 full moon新月 new moon娥眉月 crescent恒星 star星云 nebula彗星 comet天体 celestial body行星 planet卫星 satellite流星体 meteoroid太阳系 the solar system银河系 the Galaxy河外星系 extragalactic system 总星系 metagalaxy光年 light-year太阳辐射 solar radiation 太阳 Sun太阳活动 solar activity 太阳黑子 macula耀斑 solar flare月相 phases of the moon 恒星年 sidereal year回归年 tropical year恒星日 sidereal day太阳日 solar day地轴 earth's axis赤道 equator南极 South Pole北极 North Pole极圈 polar circle回归线 tropic经线 meridian纬线 parallel经度 longitude纬度 latitude本初子午线 the prime meridian 地球自转 earth rotation极昼 polar day极夜 polar night区时 zonetime时区 time zone地球公转 earth revolution 太阳高度 solar altitude春分 the Spring Equinox秋分 the Autumnal Equinox夏至 the Summer Solstice冬至 the Winter Solstice热带 tropic zone温带 temperate zone寒带 frigid zone哥白尼 Copernicus日心说 the heliocentric theory恒星中国命名其他名称西方专名国际通用名星座北斗七星:北斗一天枢 Dubhe αUma 北斗二天璇 Merak βUma北斗三天玑 Phecda γUma北斗四天权 Megrez δUma北斗五玉衡 Alioth εUma北斗六开阳 Mizar δUma辅 Alcor 80Uma 北斗七摇光 Alkaid εUma 勾陈一北极星 Polaris αUMi太子 herkad γUMi 帝 Kochab βUMi仙后座：王良一 Caph βCas王良四 Schedar αCas策 Cih γCas阁道三 Ruchbah δCas春季大三角：五帝座一 Denebola βLeo角宿一 Spica αVir 大角 Arcturus αBoo轩辕十四 Regulus αLeo南门二 Rigil Kent αCen夏季大三角：织女一织女 Vega αLyr河鼓二牛郎 Altair αAql天津四 Deneb αCyg心宿二大火,商 Antares αSco秋季正方形：室宿一 Markab αPeg 室宿二 Scheat βPeg 壁宿一 Algenib γPeg壁宿二 Alpheratz αAnd北落师门 Fomalhautα PsA土司空 Deneb Kaitos βCet冬季大椭圆：天狼 Sirius αCMa参宿七 Rigel βOri 毕宿五 Aldebran αTau五车二 Capella αAur北河三 ollux βGem 南河三 rocyon αCMi北河二 Castor αGem参宿四 Betelgeuse αOri老人 Canopus αCar卫星及小行星火衛一 Phobos (moon)火衛二 Deimos (moon)木衛一 Io (moon)木衛二 Europa (moon)木衛四 Callisto (moon)木衛五 Amalthea (moon) Jupiter's 5th discovered and the largest inner moon木衛六 Himalia (moon)木衛七 Elara (moon)木衛八 Pasiphae (moon)木衛九 Sinope (moon)木衛十 Lysithea (moon)木衛十一 Carme (moon)木衛十二 Ananke (moon) 木衛十三 Leda (moon)木衛十四 Thebe (moon)木衛十五 Adrastea (moon) 木衛十六 Metis (moon)土衛一 Mimas (moon)土衛二 Enceladus (moon) 土衛三 Tethys (moon)土衛四 Dione (moon)土衛五 Rhea (moon)土衛六 Titan (moon)土衛七 Hyperion (moon) 土衛八 Iapetus (moon)土衛九 Phoebe (moon)土衛十 Janus (moon)土衛十一 Epimetheus (moon)土衛十二 Helene (moon)土衛十三 Telesto (moon)土衛十四 Calypso (moon)土衛十五 Atlas (moon)土衛十六 Prometheus (moon)土衛十七 Pandora (moon)土衛十八 Pan (moon)天衛一 Ariel: Uranus' first discovered moon 天衛二 Umbriel (moon)天衛三 Titania (moon)天衛四 Oberon (moon)天衛五 Miranda (moon)天衛六 Cordelia (moon)天衛七 Ophelia (moon)天衛八 Bianca (moon)天衛九 Cressida (moon)天衛十 Desdemona (moon)天衛十一 Juliet (moon)天衛十二 Portia (moon)天衛十三 Rosalind (moon)天衛十四 Belinda (moon)天衛十五 Puck (moon)]天衛十六 Caliban (moon)天衛十七 Sycorax (moon)天衛十八 Uranus XVIII天衛十九 Setebos (moon)天衛二十 Stephano (moon)天衛二十一 Trinculo (moon) 天衛二十二 Francisco (moon)天衛二十三 Margaret (moon)天衛二十四 Ferdinand (moon)天衛二十五 Perdita (moon)天衛二十六 Mab (moon)天衛二十七 Cupid (moon)海衛一 Triton (moon)海衛二 Nereid (moon)海衛三 Naiad (moon)海衛四 Thalassa (moon)海衛五 Despina (moon)海衛六 Galatea (moon)海衛七 Larissa (moon)海衛八 Proteus (moon)冥衛一 Charon (moon)小行星,Japanese-小惑星 Asteroid 半人马星体 Centaurs谷神星,穀星 (三王四星) 1 Ceres 智神星,智星 (三王四星) 2 Pallas 婚神星,婚星 (三王四星) 3 Juno 灶神星,灶星 (三王四星) 4 Vesta 凯龙星,凱龍 Chiron喀戎 Charon阿莫尔 1221 Amor阿波罗 1862 Apollo伊卡鲁斯 1566 Icarus希达尔戈 944 Hidalgo爱神星 433 Eros大力神星 522 Herculina赫尔默斯 Hermes中华星 1125 China內魔煞 51 Nemausa阋神星 Eris。

1. 水星mercury无卫星2. 金星venus无卫星3. 地球earth卫星 moon4. 火星mars火卫1 Phobos火卫2 Deimos5. 木星jupiter6. 土星saturn7. 天王星uranus8. 海王星neptune冥王星pluto妊神星Haumea谷神星Ceres阋神星Eris木卫1Io木卫2Europa木卫3Ganymede木卫4 Callisto (这四个最大,也叫伽利略卫星) 木卫5Amalthea木卫6Himalia木卫7Elara木卫8Pasiphae木卫9Sinope(最外层)木卫10Lysithea木卫11Carme木卫12Ananke木卫13Leda木卫14Adrastea木卫15Adrastea木卫16Metis木卫17Callirrhoe木卫18Themisto木卫19Megaclite木卫20Taygete21Chaldene22Harpalyke23Kalyke24Iocaste25Erinome26Isonoe27Praxidike28Autonoe29Thyone30Hermippe31Aitne32 Eurydome33 Euanthe34 Euporie35 Orthosie36 Sponde37 Kale38 Pasithee39 Hegemone40 Mneme41 Aoede42 Thelxinoe43 Arche44 Kallichore45 Helike46 Carpo47 Eukelade48 Cyllene49 Anthe50 Herse土卫1Mimas土卫2Enceladus 3Tethys4Dione5Rhea6Titan7Hyperion8Iapetus或Japetus 9Phoebe10Janus11Epimetheus12Helene13Telesto14Calypso15Atlas16Prometheus17Pandora18Pan19Ymir20Paaliaq21Tarvos22Ijiraq23Suttungr24Kiviuq25Mundilfari26Albiorix27Skathi28Erriapo29Siarnaq30Thrym31Narvi32Methone33Pallene34Polydeuces35Daphnis36Aegir37Bebhionn38Bergelmir39Bestla40Farbauti41Fenrir42Fornjot43Hati44Hyrrokkin45Kari46Loge47Skoll48Surtur49Anthe50Jarnsaxa51Greip52Tarqeq53Aegaeon天卫1 Ariel或Cordelia 天卫2 Umbriel3Titania4Oberon5Miranda6Cordelia7Ophelia8Bianca9Cressida10Desdemona11Juliet12Portia13Rosalind14Belinda15Puck16Caliban17Sycorax18Prospero19Setebos20Stephano21Trinculo22Francisco23Margaret24Ferdinand25Perdita26Mab27Cupid海卫一 Triton海卫二 Nereid海卫三 Naiad海卫四 Thalassa海卫五 Despina海卫六 Galatea海卫七 Larissa海卫八 Proteus小行星,Japanese小惑星 Asteroid半人马星体 Centaurs谷神星,穀星 (三王四星) 1 Ceres 智神星,智星 (三王四星) 2 Pallas 婚神星,婚星 (三王四星) 3 Juno 灶神星,灶星 (三王四星) 4 Vesta 凯龙星Chiron喀戎 Charon阿莫尔 1221 Amor阿波罗 1862 Apollo伊卡鲁斯 1566 Icarus希达尔戈 944 Hidalgo爱神星 433 Eros大力神星 522 Herculina赫尔默斯 Hermes中华星 1125 China 內魔煞 51 Nemausa 阋神星 Eris。

1 MERCURY水星；2VENUS金星；4EARTH地球；5 MARS火星；6 JUPITER木星；7 SATURN土星,；8 URANUS天王星,；9 NEPTUNE海王星；10 PLUTO冥王星。

1水星的英文名字Mercury来自罗马神墨丘利。

符号是上面一个圆形下面一个交叉的短垂线和一个半圆形(U nic ode: ?). 是墨丘利所拿魔杖的形状。

在第5世纪，水星实际上被认为成二个不同的行星，这是因为它时常交替地出现在太阳的两侧。

当它出现在傍晚时，它被叫做墨丘利；但是当它出现在早晨时，为了纪念太阳神阿波罗，它被称为阿波罗。

毕达哥拉斯后来指出他们实际上是相同的一颗行星。

中国古代则称水星为“辰星”。

在古罗马神话中水星是商业、旅行和偷窃之神，即古希腊神话中的赫耳墨斯，为众神传信的神，或许由于水星在空中移动得快，才使它得到这个名字。

早在公元前3000年的苏美尔时代，人们便发现了水星，古希腊人赋于它两个名字：当它初现于清晨时称为阿波罗，当它闪烁于夜空时称为赫耳墨斯。

不过，古希腊天文学家们知道这两个名字实际上指的是同一颗星星，赫拉克赖脱（公元前5世纪之希腊哲学家）甚至认为水星与金星并非环绕地球，而是环绕着太阳在运行。

2金星Venus非常明亮，它被称为“天空中的宝石”，“启明星”或者“夜星”。

维纳斯，V enus是罗马的“爱与美之神”，希腊神话中称之为阿弗洛狄德，就是我们常说的“性感女神”。

奥林匹斯神山12主神之一。

中国古人称金星为“太白”或“太白金星”，也称“启明”或“长庚”。

古希腊人称为阿佛洛狄特，是希腊神话中爱与美的女神。

而在罗马神话中爱与美的女神是维纳斯，因此金星也称做“维纳斯”。

金星的天文符号用维纳斯的梳妆镜来表示。

金星的位相变化金星同月球一样，也具有周期性的圆缺变化（位相变化），但是由于金星距离地球太远，用肉眼是无法看出来的。

关于金星的位相变化，曾经被伽利略作为证明哥白尼的日心说的有力证据。

天文学名词英汉对照表【推荐][名词委审定]汉英天文学名词(定义版, 1998)Ⅰ1054超新星||supernova of 1054(CM T au); 公元1054年出现在金牛座ζ星附近的超新星。

160分钟振荡||160-minute oscillation; 在太阳光球上观测到的周期约为 160分钟的速度起伏。

5分钟振荡||five-minute oscillation; 在太阳光球上观测到的周期约为 5分钟的速度起伏。

Ap星||Ap star; 光谱型B5—F5的特殊主序星，具有异常强的和可变的锰、硅、铕、铬、锶谱线和较强且变化的磁场。

与金属线星类似，自转速度较小，但多半是单星。

BN天体||BN object; 美国天文学家贝克林（Becklin ）和诺伊格鲍尔（Neugebauer）在猎户星云中发现的一个点状红外源。

被认为是恒星刚形成阶段的候选者。

Be星||Be star; 光谱中出现(或曾出现)氢的巴耳末发射线，光度级为Ⅱ—Ⅴ，主要为Ｂ型的恒星。

B型星||B star; 光谱型为B的恒星。

光谱主要特征为中性氦吸收线和氢吸收线。

CCD 摄谱仪||CCD spectrograph; 用CCD(电荷耦合器件)作为辐射接收器的摄谱仪。

CCD 照相机||CCD camera; 用CCD(电荷耦合器件)作为辐射接收器的照相装置。

CCD测光||CCD photometry; 利用CCD 进行的二维光度测量。

CCD天文学||CCD astronomy; 用CCD (电荷耦合器件)作为辐射接收器和探测器的实测天文学。

CH星||CH star; 光谱中CH分子的G带(430.3nm)特强，422.6nm中性钙线与CN分子带偏弱的G3 —K4型星族Ⅱ巨星。

E冕||E corona; 由日冕自身的高次电离原子辐射形成的日冕成分。

F 冕||F corona; 由行星际尘埃云散射太阳光球辐射形成的日冕成分。

G型星||G star; 光谱型为G的恒星。

太阳系八大行星的英文名称The Eight Planets of Our Solar System: An Explorationof Their English Names.Our solar system is home to eight planets, each withits unique characteristics and place in celestial hierarchy. From the scorching inferno of Mercury closest to the Sun to the icy realms of Neptune at the outer reaches of the solar system, these planets have captivated the human imagination for centuries. Their names, derived from Greek and Roman mythology, serve as a testament to the cultural andscientific heritage that has shaped our understanding ofthe universe.1. Mercury (closest to the Sun)。

Named after the Roman god of swiftness and trade, Mercury lives up to its namesake as the smallest andfastest-moving planet in our solar system. Its proximity to the Sun subjects it to intense heat and solar radiation,making it a barren and inhospitable world.2. Venus.Venus, named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, is the second planet from the Sun. Its thick, carbondioxide-rich atmosphere traps heat, creating a runaway greenhouse effect that makes Venus the hottest planet inour solar system.3. Earth.Our home planet, Earth, is the third from the Sun and the only known planet in the universe that can sustain life. Its unique combination of liquid water, a breathable atmosphere, and a stable climate has made it a thriving haven for countless species.4. Mars.Named after the Roman god of war, Mars is oftenreferred to as the "Red Planet" due to its iron oxide-richsurface. Once thought to be potentially habitable, Mars is now known to be a cold, dry world with a thin atmosphere and no evidence of liquid water on its surface.5. Jupiter.The largest planet in our solar system, Jupiter is a gas giant named after the Roman king of the gods. Its swirling, banded atmosphere is dominated by giant storms, including the Great Red Spot, an anticyclone that has been raging for centuries.6. Saturn.Saturn, named after the Roman god of agriculture, is another gas giant renowned for its stunning ring system. Composed of countless ice particles and smaller bodies, Saturn's rings are a mesmerizing sight that has inspired awe and wonder for ages.7. Uranus.Named after the Greek god of the sky, Uranus is a unique planet that rotates on its side. This unusual tilt gives it extreme seasonal variations, with one pole experiencing decades of continuous daylight while the other endures years of darkness.8. Neptune.The farthest planet from the Sun, Neptune is namedafter the Roman god of the sea. Its blue-green appearance is caused by the absorption of red light by methane in its atmosphere. Neptune's most notable feature is its Great Dark Spot, a storm system that rivaled the Great Red Spot on Jupiter for size and intensity.The Symphony of Celestial Names.The names of the planets in our solar system are not merely arbitrary labels but reflect the cultural and scientific heritage that has shaped our understanding of the universe. They are a testament to the human fascination with the cosmos and a reminder that even in the vastexpanse of space, we seek to impose order and meaning through language and mythology.The symphony of celestial names echoes through the annals of astronomy, connecting us to the ancient civilizations that first gazed up at the night sky and saw not only celestial bodies but also figures of gods and goddesses. These names serve as a timeless bridge between the human imagination and the infinite mysteries of the cosmos.。

1.太阳系九大行星名称和英文翻译: 按照它们距离太阳的远近,依次是水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星，冥王星！According to their distance to the sun the nine planets in the Solar System are : Mercury, V enus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.2.180°C = 180 degrees Celsius3. a great adventure大冒险4. a huge open area of green grass一块巨大的绿草地5. a new pair of jeans一条新牛仔裤6. a plate of dumpling一盘饺子7.abroad国外8.accountant会计师9.act out表演,仿演10.action film/movie动作片11.acupuncture针灸12.adventure film/movie探险片13.advertisement广告14.afterwards=later 然后15.agree with同意16.agree同意17.air pollution空气污染18.air-condition=air-conditioning空调19.air-conditioned 空调的20.air-conditioner空调机21.airport railway机场铁路22.allow允许23.although虽然24.among在（大家）之间25.angel天使26.any longer(不)再27.appear出现28.approximate [əˈprɔksimit] a.大概的，大约的，接近的29.as a guide作为指引30.as clever as 如同一样聪明31.as strong as如同一样强大n Car Racing亚洲车赛33.audio & video shop音像商店34.author=writer作者,作家35.avenue林荫道36.aviary百鸟园，大鸟笼37.awful讨厌的,可怕的38.bad habit坏习惯39.bakery面包厂40.bake烘烤41.baking tin烘烤盘42.baking tray烤盘=baking tin43.balloon气球44.Bank of China = BOC中国银行45.Batman and Joker蝙蝠侠和小丑(电影名称)46.be able to=can能够47.beat击打48.beauty salon美容店49.beauty salon美容店50.behave（举止或行为）表现，51.believer信徒52.believe相信53.believe相信54.belong to属于55.belt皮带，腰带56.Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林(美国政治家及科学家)57.Beware of sharks! 小心鲨鱼!58.beware of小心…59.big wave惊涛骇浪60.blender搅拌机61.blow off吹掉62.bone骨头63.bow [bəu,bau] n.弓，弓形物n.鞠躬v.鞠躬，低头；压弯64.Boxing Day: 礼物日65.breathe呼吸66.breeze=gentle wind微风67.British英国人（的）68.Burger Club汉堡包店，汉堡俱乐部69.buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.给买东西70.cable car缆车71.camera照相机72.candle蜡烛73.candy/candies糖果74.canning factory罐头厂75.caption注释，注解76.carol颂歌，赞歌77.Carpet Land地毯大地78.cartoon卡通片79.cause引起，导致TV: China Central Television中央电视台81.celebrate庆祝82.Century Park世纪公园83.century世纪84.chain shop (business) 连锁店(生意)85.chairperson主席，主任86.chancellor(英)大学校长87.change换衣，改变，零钱88.changing room更衣室89.Channel 8第八频道90.check格子91.chemistry化学92.china瓷器93.Chinese citizen中国公民94.chocolate powder巧克力粉95.Christmas Pudding圣诞节布丁96.CIA: Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局97.circus马戏团98.cities under the sea海底城市99.city hall市政厅100.clap拍手101.class outing 班级郊游102.Classic movie: Sound of Music古典电影：音乐之声103.click打勾104.clothes shop服装店105.collar领口106.collar领口edy喜剧片fortable/uncomfortable舒服的/不舒服的petition竞赛，比赛plete完成pressed biscuits/food压缩饼干/食物pressed biscuits压缩饼干pressed food压缩食物114.concert音乐会115.conduct a survey进行社会调查116.contain容纳117.content内容118.convenient方便的119.cookery book烹饪大全120.cookery lesson烹饪课程121.Cool Clothes 时尚服装，酷衣店122.Country Road乡村之路(电影名称)123.cowboy牛仔124.cracker鞭炮125.crash碰撞126.crew member全体船员（成员）127.crisps薯片128.crowded拥挤的129.cruise巡航，经济航速130.cucumber黄瓜131.dairy 乳制品厂132.decide决定133.decorate装扮，装饰134.decoration装饰135.delay耽搁,延期136.delta army三角洲部队137.department store百货公司138.designer设计师139.design设计140.destination目的地141.Devil of Death死神142.diameter直径143.different kinds of 各种各样的，各种各样的144.disappear消失145.disappointed失望的146.display board显示板147.district地区148.diving restaurant水下餐馆149.do a project作课题150.do some revision做些复习151.documentary纪录片152.dough面团153.Dragon Restaurant金龙饭店154.dressed up as Aladdin打扮成阿拉丁模样155.drive大道156.dumpling饺子157.duration延续，片长158.earn挣(钱)159.Earth地球160.Easter复活节cation教育162.efficiently高效率地163.either or不是就是164.electric kettle电水壶165.electric shock触电166.electrical appliance电器167.Empress女皇帝168.enemy敌人169.enough足够的170.entertainment [ˈentəˈteinmənt] n.娱乐，文娱节目，表演会171.equal等于172.Esop’s Fables伊索寓言173.evergreen tree常青树174.evil邪恶175.Excel [ ik'sel ] [计算机] 软件名称：表格制作176.except for除之外177.exchange交换178.exciting film令人激动的电影179.express快车180.fable寓言181.fairy tale童话182.fall asleep入睡183.far/farther/farthest远/更远/最远184.far/further/furthest更/进一步/最最185.fashionable clothes时装186.FBI: Federal Bureau Of Investigation联邦调查局187.feather羽毛,翎毛188.film guide电影导报189.film/movie电影190.film胶卷191.fish ball鱼丸192.fish finger鱼条193.flash闪光,闪耀194.flask热水瓶195.floating restaurant水上餐馆196.float飘浮197.for an interview面试198.for too long太长时间199.for（多少年、时间）200.foreign country外国201.forget忘记202.frame框架，相框203.freeze/froze/frozen冷冻204.fridge冰箱205.fright惊吓,恐怖206.from all over the world来自世界各地207.from all parts of the world 来自世界各地208.from around the world来自世界各地209.frozen fish factory海鲜冷冻210.frozen vegetables冷冻蔬菜211.fuel燃料212.full of action动作连连213.full of充满214.furniture shop家具店215.furniture 家具216.g=gram克217.gather集合218.get on with=get along with进行219.go for an interview去面试220.go hiking in autumn去秋游221.go to see a film去看电影222.go to the cinema去看电影223.go to the movies去看电影224.god/goddess神、女神225.Goddess of Creation创造女神226.Goddess of Happiness快乐女神227.Goddess of Mercy观音菩萨228.Goddess of Moon月亮女神229.God上帝,主230.gold coin金币231.goose鹅232.gramme克=g233.Grand Gateway Plaza大购物广场234.guest客人235.guide导引236.hairclip发卡237.half an hour半小时238.hang up stocking挂起长筒袜239.hang up挂起来240.hardworking辛勤工作的241.hate讨厌，仇恨，极不喜欢242.have a barbecue去烧烤243.have a competition进行比赛(竞赛)244.have a tennis club有一个网球场245.have got to = have to必须,不得不246.have more go-hiking更多的郊游247.have regular meals规则进食248.hawker小摊贩249.headmaster(小学)校长250.hear from盼复，听到回音251.hear from收到回信252.heater取暖器,加热器253.heat加热，热度254.high-speed高速255.hold on别挂机256.hold/held/held主办,举办,紧握257.holly leaves冬青树叶258.honest诚实的259.How are you getting on with your preparation?你们准备工作做得怎么样?260.howl [haul] 嗥叫，呼啸；吼叫，哀号= roar261.Huangpu River Cruises浦江游览262.huge巨大的263.hurt伤害,疼痛264.hut小棚屋265.I can’t make it! 我来不了！我没法做到！我干不了！266.I can’t make it. 我做不到。