《生态学》（基本无真题）
1、光合代谢途径
2、生态足迹
3、化学计量生态学
4、生态服务功能
论述：
1、大型生态工程建设后的生态成效评价；
2、种群密度调控规律在旱地农业中的应用。
《植物生理学》（几乎全是真题）
1、光呼吸
2、离子通道
3、光受体
4、共质体和质外体
5、细胞全能型
6、逆境蛋白
7、第二信使
1、水通道蛋白概念、类型、功能、生理意义
2 、光敏色素分子生物学研究进展
3、衰老与活性氧、钙信使的关系
1、逆境生理研究进展
2、干旱对植物的伤害？如何提高农业生产效率。
广东省2013年普通高等学校招收本科插班生最低录取控制分数线各有关高等学校: 2013年普通高等学校招收本科插班生录取分数线按文史类、理工类、艺术类、外语类、体育类、职教师资班和退役士兵分别划定。经研究决定，广东省2013年普通高等学校招收本科插班生各类最低录取控制分数线（五科总分/省统考三门总分，外语类按五科总分/省统考二门总分划线）如下： 一、文史类分数线250分/140分 其中： 广东药学院、嘉应学院、广州大学、五邑大学330分/180分广东技术师范学院、仲恺农业工程学院、广东第二师范学院320分/180分 韶关学院、韩山师范学院290分/170分 广东石油化工学院280分/170分 湛江师范学院、肇庆学院280分/160分 二、理工类分数线220分/120分 其中： 广东药学院、嘉应学院、广东技术师范学院、广州大学310分/170分 广东第二师范学院280分/160分 韶关学院、韩山师范学院270分/160分湛江师范学院、肇庆学院、仲恺农业工程学院270分/150分 五邑大学、广东石油化工学院260分/150分 三、外语类分数线（五科总分/省统考二门总分） 240分/100分其中：
嘉应学院、广东第二师范学院320分/120分 仲恺农业工程学院310分/120分 韩山师范学院305分/120分 广州大学300分/120分韶关学院、湛江师范学院、广东技术师范学院290分/120分 肇庆学院280分/120分 广东石油化工学院270分/120分四、艺术类分数线220分/110分 其中： 广州美术学院310分/175分 广东第二师范学院300分/155分 韶关学院、韩山师范学院、嘉应学院280分/150分 湛江师范学院270分/150分 五邑大学270分/130分五、体育类分数线 嘉应学院300分/140分 韶关学院、广东第二师范学院270分/130分 六、职教师资班分数线210分/110分 七、退役士兵分数线210分/110分 广东省招生委员会 2013年4月9日
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位 联考英语试卷 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health. Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often _6_body mass index, or BIMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BIMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 to 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_ can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
2011年北京航空航天大学博士生入学考试题 概率部分 一、填空题 36分 1、 设每次试验成功的概率是p （0
广东省专升本考试
广东专插本考试时间考试科目 考试科目及考试时间 普通高校本科插班生的招生考试科目为五门，其中省统一考试三门，高校自主考试两门。省统一考试的三门为《政治理论》、《英语》和《专业基础课》。其中《专业基础课》包括《大学语文》、《高等数学》、《管理学》、《教育理论》、《艺术概论》、《民法》、《生态学基础》和《生理学》，高校可根据专业特点选择其中一门（详见附2《广东省普通高校本科插班生招生专业与统一考试科目对应表》）。 考试各科满分为100分，五科总分为500分。每科考试时间为120分钟。 省统考科目的考试大纲和考试范围由省教育考试院根据教育部专科升本科同一层次的要求编写确定，并于报名前向社会公布。 普通高校本科插班生招生考试时间为 3月21日（星期六）至22日（星期日）两天，具体安排见下表： 广东省普通高校本科插班生招生考试时间表（北京时间） 项目日期 上午下午 时间科目时间科目 3月21日8:00-10:00政治理论 15:00-17:00 专业 基础课10:30-12:30英语 3月22日9:00-11:00专业课115:00-17:00专业课2 广东专插本报名时间、报名地点及报名考试费 报名时间、报名地点及报名考试费 1、报名时间：1月4日至7日四天为网上预报名时间，考生经过互联网登陆进行预报名，逾期不再办理报名手续；1月8日至1月10日三天为网上报名确认时间。 2、报名确认地点：各招生院校。 3、报名考试费：每人125元。 广东专插本报考条件 报考条件 1、坚持四项基本原则，热爱祖国，品德良好，遵纪守法，决心为社会主义现代化建设勤奋学习且具有培养前途。 2、就读广东省普通高校（含高职高专班和各类成人高校从普通高考招生的普通班）的高职高专应届毕业生（含外省生源在内）； 3、广东省户籍或广东生源在省外普通高校就读的高职高专应届毕业生；
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I) 英语 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge! The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th. Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e10812737.html,. 21 Who can take in the Curiosity Challenge? A. School students. B. Cambridge locals. C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists. 22 When will the prize-giving ceremony be held? A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th C. On March 15th.. D. On April 21st. 23 What type of writing is this text? A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review. C. An announcement. D. An official report.
2015北京航空航天大学系统工程考博（可靠性与系统工程学院）参考书、历年真题、报录比、研究生招生专业目录、复试分数线 一、学院介绍 1985年，我国国防科技界、教育界的著名专家，我国可靠性系统工程事业的奠基人和开拓者杨为民教授顺应国家战略重大需求，组建了北航工程系统工程系和可靠性工程研究所。历经20余年发展沉淀，学院形成了“献身国防，无私奉献的崇高境界；高屋建瓴，开拓创新的学术风范；淡泊名利，廉洁自律的高尚情怀；以人为本，集体发展的团队精神”的为民精神，秉承“开拓创新、敢为人先，需求牵引、专业推动，学科龙头、科教统筹，团队优势、集体发展”的工作理念，走过了一条“面向工程服务、开辟科研领域、创建培养体系”的特色创新之路，已成为国内可靠性工程专业技术领域的领军单位。 目前，研究所挂靠有多个以管理咨询和技术服务为职能的国家级中心和专家组，建成有可靠性领域唯一的国防科技重点实验室，以及多个国内实验设备与综合试验研究能力一流的部委级重点实验室和评价机构。这些高水平的技术与管理平台为院、所的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础与保证。 在科研领域，院、所现拥有专业齐全的研究方向、结构合理的教学科研队伍和配套先进的试验设备。多年来，紧密围绕国防科技工业发展对可靠性工程的专业需求，开展管理支持、人才培养、科学研究和工程服务。“九五”以来，先后承担完成了500余项科研项目，获得了包括国家科技进步特等奖在内的各类科技成果奖100余项，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。 在人才培养领域，可靠性与系统工程学院开创了国内高校第一个“质量与可靠性工程”专业，建立了从本科到硕士（工程硕士）、博士、博士后在内完整的人才培养体系，将理论研究、工程应用与人才培养紧密结合，培养了大批可靠性与系统工程专业人才。同时，为上级单位举办了500多期各类可靠性系统工程培训班，培训人数达15000余人次，普及推广了可靠性专业知识，有力地推动了国防科技工业生产中可靠性工程的开展。 今天，可靠性-效能的倍增器，系统工程-智慧的钥匙，两者交叉融合诞生了可靠性与系统工程学院，它是大系统复杂性和不确定性碰撞的结果，亦是贯彻落实科学发展观寻求方法论突破的必然。为此，我们将紧抓机遇，瞄准科学发展方法论的学科培育需求、精英教育综合能力的人才培养需求以及国家重大工程系统优化的工程应用需求这三大需求，系统谋划、开拓奋进，打造具有国防特色与工程技术优势的国内领先、国际一流的可靠性与系统工程人才培养基地、技术研发基地、试验评价基地和成果转化基地，为北航建设“空天信融合特色的世界一流大学”做出新的贡献。 二、2015北京航空航天大学系统工程考博参考书 科目代 科目名称参考书目 码 1001英语不指定参考书
人大考博英语真题之作文范文 1.Public Transportation As part of domestic modernization,public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China.I can illustrate some examples. There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e10812737.html,muters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people.When Spring Festival is drawing near,there is much greater–ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home.In a word,public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy. To solve the above-mentioned problems,the departments concerned should carry out the following steps:to build more roads,highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines.But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public. There are three sources for fund raising.One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles.Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale.The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds.If all this money collected is used
2015中国农业大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、中国农业大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇20分（20个小题） Part2:阅读理解40分（4篇短文每篇短文5小题） Part3：翻译20分（英译汉，10分；汉译英10分） Part4：写作20分 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that, apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate. 42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. 43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were covered
广东省2020年本科插本生全真模拟考试 课程名称：《生态学基础》 （本试卷共有六大题，满分100分，考试时间120分钟）一、选择题（本大题共20分，每小题1分，共20分。每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求〕1．第一次提出生态系统概念的学者是A ．坦斯利B ．海克尔C ．勒特D ．林德曼2．下列植物中，属于长日照植物的是A ．水稻B ．玉米C ．大豆D ．小麦3．水稻与旱稻属于不同的A ．气候生态型B ．土壤生态型C ．生物生态型D ．生活型4．下列关于k-对策者特征的描述，正确的是A ．个体小、寿命短B ．寿命长、繁殖率低C ．个体大、繁殖率高D ．个体小、寿命长5．在种群增长的指数式模型N t ＝N 0e rt 中，种群数量保持不变的r 值是A ．r=0B ．r ＜0C ．r ＞0D ．r=16．在一棵树上，生活着蚂蚁、细菌、真菌、地衣等生物，它们共同构成了A ．种群B ．生物群落C ．生态系统D ．植被7．在群落中地位和作用比较突出，具有主要控制权的种类或类群称为A ．伴生种B ．亚优勢种C ．优勢种D ．偶见种8．影响我国从东至西植物群落分布的主导因子是A ．土壤类型B ．地形C ．水分D ．温度9．在农田的立体种植中，主要利用A ．生态位原理B ．食物链原理C ．协同进化原理D ．物质循环原理10．下列地区中，拠量资源最丰富的是A ．青藏高原B ．华北平原C ．南沙群岛D ．华北平原11．下列资源中属于可存留性资源的是A ．太阳能B ．石油C ．风能D ．潮汐能12．在草→老鼠→蛇→老鹰的食物链中，蛇属于A ．一级消费者B ．二級消费者C ．三级消费者D ．四级消費者13．下列食物链中，属于腐食食物链的是A ．青菜→嘶虫→瓢虫B ．枯枝落叶→真菌C ．马→蛔虫→原生动物D ．水椭→害虫→青蛙→蛇14．下列选项中，属于气相型循环的是A ．氮循环B ．磷循环C ．钾循环D ．钙循环15．在一片草原中，狐狸因野兔数量的增加而增加，而狐狸数量的增加，导致野兔的数量逐渐减少，并最终导致狐貍的数量减少，这种现象属于生态系统的A ．生境调节B ．多元重复补偿C ．反馈调节D ．系统结构调节16．下列生系统中，属于半自然生态系统的是A ．森林生态系统B ．海洋生态系统C ．城市生态系统D ．农业生态系统17．下列自然生态系统中，单位面积净初级生产量最高的是A ．热带雨林B ．北方针叶林C ．温带草原D ．荒漠与半荒漠题号 一二三四五六总分得分 评卷人
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actuall y a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, 1
2015中国科技大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war?War is an ancient institution，which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish，but in the past human race managed to live with it.Modern ingenuity has changed this.Either man will abolish war，or war will abolish man.For the present，it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger，but bacteriological or chemical weapons may，before long，offer an even greater threat.If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons，our work will not be done.It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war.To do this，we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way，not as contests of force，in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people，but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law.It is not easy to change very old mental habits，but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war.I believe this to be a big error.All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements that are，at best，doubtful，and at worst，totally false.Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome.It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided.Of course very difficult problems remain
北航考博英语真题翻译精选精练 56.in the past year,however,software companies have developed tools that allow companies to push information directly out to consumers,transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. 57.the examples of virtual vineyards,https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e10812737.html,,and other pioneers show that a web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security will attract online customers. 58.an invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students'career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 59.rather,we have a certain conception of the american citizen,a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. 60.besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l iu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu） 翻译 56.但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以
机密★启用前 广东省2019年普通高等学校本科插班生招生考试 生态学基础 本试卷共4页,43小题,满分100分。考试时间120分 注意事项： 1.考生必须在答题卡上作答，否则答案无效。 2.答卷前，考生务必按答题卡要求填写考生信息栏、粘贴条形码。 3.答题卡上选抒题选项有[A][B][C][D][E]5个信息点，考生应根据试题的实际 情况填涂答案。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应试题答案的信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。 4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔在答题卡指定区域内按顺序作答，并注 明大题号和小题号。如需改动，先画掉需改动部分再重新书写，不得使用铅笔铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 5.考生必须保持答题卡的整沽，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分。每小题只有一个选项符 合题目要求) 1、分子生物学方法运用于生态学研究，产生了B A. 细胞生态学 B. 分子生态学 C. 生理生态学 D. 化学生态学 2、下列属于生物多样性就地保护的是D A. 建设动物园 B. 建设植物园 C. 建设水族馆 D. 建设自然保护区 3、适应较稳定环境的物种一般分布在B A. 斑块的边缘部分 B. 斑块的中心部分
C. 廊道的边缘部分 D. 廊道的中心部分 4、高等级层次上的生态过程往往是A A. 大尺度 B. 小尺度 C. 高频率 D. 快速度 解析：大尺度、低频率、慢速度 5、源于岩石风化，终于水中沉积的循环是D A. 氮循环 B. 硫循环 C. 碳循环 D. 磷循环 6、下列面积最大的生态系统是A A. 海洋生态系统 B. 森林生态系统 C. 草原生态系统 D. 荒漠生态系统 7、下列对于低碳经济内涵的认识，正确的是B A. 低碳经济代表贫困 B. 低碳经济应从现在做起 C. 低碳经济成本较高 D. 低碳经济与个人无关 8、森林采伐迹地剩余的带状树木属于D A. 干扰廊道 B. 人工廊道 C. 环境资源廊道 D. 残余廊道 9、下列属于人工驯化生态系统社会间接调控的是C A. 气候因子的调控 B. 群落结构的调控 C. 金融系统的调控 D. 系统投入产出的调控 10、联合国可持续发展委员会制定的可持续发展指标体系，由驱动力指标、状态 指标和响应指标构成，下列属于驱动力指标的是A A. 人口出生率 B. 人口密度 C. 人均能源消费量 D. 植被指数 11、日本樱花不能在热带地区栽培，其制约因子是D
2014年英语试题 Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points, 1 point each) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 7 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. 1. A) To the bank. B) To a book store. C) To a shoe store. D) To the grocer’s. 2. A) Near the train station. B) In the countryside. C) In the city. D) Near the workplace 3. A) the choice of courses B) a day course C) an evening course D) their work 4. A) The pear. B) The weather. C) The sea food. D) The cold. 5. A) George’s wife.B) George’s father. C) George’s brother D) George’s wife’s father. 6. A) She is pleased to lend him the car. B) She refuses to lend him the car. C) She agrees to lend him the car. D) She offers him the car. 7. A ) Policeman and driver. B) Policeman and thief. C) Teacher and pupil. D) Director and actress. Questions 8 to 10 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) Books a room. B) Reserves a room. C) Confirms his reservation. D) Tells the receptionist he has reserved a room. 9. A) On Tuesday. B) Probably on Thursday. C)Three days later. D) Probably seven days later. 10. A) At 7. B) At 7:30. C) At 8. D) At 6:30. Questions 11 to 13 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 11. A) A conductor and a conductress. B) A bus driver and a conductress. C) The organizer of the race and a participant. D) A reporter and a conductress. 12. A) A day before the race. B) A day after the race. C) Right after the race. D) A few hours after the race. 13. A) She won the first prize in the cycle race. B) She bought the beautiful racing bicycle by collecting money. C) She was taught to cycle when she was five. D) She was the first conductress who won a cycle race. Section B Direct ions: In this section, you’ll hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A) Courses in British history. B) Language courses.