★绝密★
中国农业科学院 2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
(考试时间3小时满分100分)
Ⅰ. Vocabulary Part A.
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a singl
e bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. The scene is so beautiful that it my power of description. A. transports B. transfers
C. transcends
D. transforms
2. The schoolmaster the girl’s bravery in his opening speech. A. applauded B. enhanced
C. elevated
D. clapped
3. The meaning of “yellow” is a color, but it can also mean “cowardly.” A. positive B. negative
C. underlying
D. literal
4. Many people think that the standards of public have declined. A. morality B. rightness C . awareness D. mentality
5. People were surprised to find that he had the ability to everything he was involved in.
A. precede
B. dominate
C. pervade
D. denominate
6. The fact that they reacted so differently was a reflection of their different . A. performances
B. personalities
C. qualities
D. debut
7. This medicine will the pain in the stomach.
A. ascertain
B. agitate
C. alleviate
D. allocate
8. The apartment was as $50,000 and its owner decided to sell it. A. automated B. assessed
C asserted D. avenged
9. The minister all his officials pay the tax.
A. bids
B. blesses
C. barks
D. baffles
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his can be distributed. A. paradoxes
B. legacies
C. platitudes
D. analogies
Part B.
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase
underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is clo sest in meaning to the underlined part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.
11. Tourists flock from the remotest places to see the capital’s sights. A. invade B. troop C. p rompt D. gather
12. He has told so many lies that we can no longer place any reliance on what he says. A. belief
B. trust
C. conviction
D. dependence.
13. Oil can change a society more drastically than anyone could ever have imagined. A. grossly
B. severely
C. rapidly
D. radically
14. In times of economic difficulty, governmental budgets for education are often slashed before any others.
A. shifted
B. cut
C. checked
D. donated
15. Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.
A. identical
B. double
C. illustrated
D. legible
16. With her youngest child having left home, she felt a pressing need to fill her time. A. tense
B. thorough
C. urgent
D. small
17. The role of the performing artist is to interpret, not alter, the notes on a printed sheet of musi
c.
A. omit
B. reproduce
C. compose
D. change.
18. Aircraft and rocket can be used to collect radioactive debris, while high-altitude satellites carr y detectors for gamma rays and other emissions. A. diffusion B. remains C. glitter transfe r
19. Although worn out by years of service to his country, Washington accepted the presidency of the United States.
A. favored
B. honored
C. exhausted
D. weakened
20. Between French friends, who have chosen each other for congeniality of their point of view, li vely disagreement and sharpness of arguments are the breath of life. A. coexistence B. coincide nce C. correlation D. compatibility
Ⅱ. Cloze
Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET. We do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. (21) evidence shows, for example, that people who lived o ver three thousand years ago ate (22) fish. Stealing salt was considered a major crime at cert ain times in history. In the
eighteenth century, for instance, if a person was (23) “stealing salt”, he could be put in prison . History reveals that about ten thousand people were put in prison during that century (24) stealing salt.
In the modern world salt has many uses (25) the dining table. It is used in making glass and ai rplane parts, in the (26) of crops and in killing weeds. It is also used to make water soft, to m elt ice on roads and highways, to make soap, and to (27) colors in cloth.
Salt can be obtained in various ways, besides being taken from mines underground. Evaporation o f salt water from the ocean or from salt water lakes or small seas is one of the (28) commo n processes for manufacturing salt. In Australia, it can even be taken from a “salt bush”. Yet, (29) it is obtained, salt will continue to play an important (30) in the lives of men and women everywhere.
21. A. Ancient B. Historic C. Historical D. Old 22. A. salt B. salted C. salting
D. salty 23. A. arrested B. caught C. got D. seized 24. A. as B. by
C. for
D. through 25. A. besides B. beyond C. except D. over
26. A. bearing B. developing C. growing D. training 27. A. fasten B. fix C. preserve D. tie 28. A. little B. many C. much D. more
29. A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever 30. A. duty B. function
C. responsibility
D. role
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Part A.
Directions: There are three reading passages in this part. Each passage is
followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices m arked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
(1) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asia\'s deadly bird flu virus, a t op Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.
(2) A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec. 30, raising concerns that the disease coul
d b
e re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter o
f more than 100 million birds.
(3) “It\'s difficult to change their habit but we need to educate them," Bui Quang Anh, head of th
e Department for Animal Health, said Tuesday. "Once they understand and follow all the instructi ons, we can prevent the virus from spreading.”
(4) Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such a s strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said. The most recent outbreak was only r eported in small farms, which failed to apply preventive measures, he said.
(5) New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised i n cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said. Ducks should not roam freely in rice fields as they do now in the southern Mekong Delta, he added. (6) The conference will be looking at a vari ety of issues, including mass vaccinations, flu research, farm hygiene, animal husbandry practices and improving coordination between animal health and human health agencies.
(7) The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people — including 32 from Vietnam and 12 fro m Thailand — has yet to mutate into a form that can be
transmitted between humans. But scientists say it may mutate to a human form that could beco me as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th centur y.
31. The subject of the international conference mentioned in the first paragraph is about
A. battling the SARS
B. epidemic disease control
C. fighting the avian flu
D. public health
32. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A. Bird flu was first found in Vietnam.
B. Big commercial farms have taken preventive measures to curb bird flu.
C. Bui Quang Anh believ es that it is impossible to prevent the bird flu.
D. 1, 000 birds were killed during the last year outb reak of bird flu.
33. According to the passage, which of the following measures are NOT effective in fighting agains t the bird flu?
A. to adopt strict hygiene standards in poultry farms.
B. to carry out regular disinfection
C. to raise ducks and chickens separately
D. to stop poultry trade
34. We can infer from the last paragraph that
A. currently the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted between humans
B. the bird flu virus is easy t o mutate.
C. the bird flu has killed millions of people
D. the bird flu is more deadly than common influenza.
35. The best title for the passage is . A. Bird Flu: A Deadly Disease
B. What Can We Learn from the Bird Flu
C. Vietnam: the Biggest Victim of the Bird Flu
D. Official Urges Farmers to Curb Bird Flu Passage T
(1) The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, th ere was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an u nderstandable tendency to seek an external
scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most imp ortant, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhis m, which since the seventeenth century, focused on Western Christianity. Accordingly, even befor e the missionary movement really got under way in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded, it quickly became a pparent that in
addition to the intangibles, numerous tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded. (2) In part , the very presence of the missionary evoked attack, they were, after all, the first foreigners to lea ve the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and for a long time they were virtually the only f oreigners whose quotidian labors carried them to the farthest reaches the Chinese empire. For m any of the indigenous population,
therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign i ntrusion could e vented. In part too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which h e made his presence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging ba ttle against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentry’s traditiona l monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extrat erritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever bee n possessed by the gentry. (3) Although it was the avowed policy of the Chinese government after 1860 that the new treaties were to be strictly adhered to, in practice implementation depended on the wholehearted accord provincial authorities. There is abundant evidence that cooperation was dilatory. At the root of this lay the interactive nature of ruler and ruled.
(4) In a severely understaffed bureaucracy that ruled as much by suasion as by might, the official, almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on the active cooperation of the l ocal gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activit ies, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying futur
e effectiveness.
36. In a vague way, anti-Christian feeling stemmed from .
A. the mere presence of invaders
B. a generalized unfocused feeling
C. the introduction to the W est
D. none of the above
37. The author would agree that .
A. many problems in China came from internal disorders due to Western influence.
B. many probl ems in China came from China itself and were unrelated to the West
C. scapegoats perform a nec essary function and there should be more of them
D. all of the above are true.
38. With which of the following statements would the author agree? A. Ethnocentricism is a manl y tradition.
B. The disdain toward Christianity was prefigured by a disdain toward Buddhism.
C. Although Chri stianity was not well received in China, Buddhism was.
D. The author would agree with A and C.
39. Missionaries .
A. often dressed the same way as Chinese scholars did
B. were free of the legal constraints that bound the local indigenous population
C. had greater ac cess to authority than Chinese peasants
D. may be described by all of the above
40. Provincial authorities .
A. cooperated fully with the central government’s policy
B. were alive to local feelings
C. were obliged to determine whether local sentiment tolerated implementation
D. may be descri bed by B and C.
Passage Three
(1) The natural environment has, of course, always conditioned technology. For example, the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the
development of technologies appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt successfull y to it. Further, emerging scarcity of some technological resource may
ignite a research for, and gradual transition to, a new technology using resources present in the e nvironment in greater abundance, as, for example, in the case of the gradual change from wood-based to coal-based technology in England that began in Elizabeth times and stretched until the e nd of the eighteenth century.
(2) In modern Western society, environment has begun to condition technology in new ways, although admittedly more indirectly. The safety and quality of the environment and public percep tions of it have begun to translate into presidential politics and congressional mandates to regulat ory agencies to protect or enhance environmental quality or safety, occasionally even at the cost of some perturbation of the tech-economic status-quo. In France, Italy, and recently the United St ates, political parties have been formed, organized around a complex of technology/ environment issues. In general, in the last fifteen years, the gradual development of broad-based environment al awareness, the lobbying and litigious activities of environmental interest groups, and guideline s issued and reinforced by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in response to congression al mandates have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment by many corporations in going about their technology activities. Both research an development priorities and capital inves tment programs of the corporations have been affected by this.
41. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Environment enables man to adapt successfully to new technology.
B. Technologies enable ma n to adapt successfully to his environment.
C. The development of the technologies depends solely on the natural environment.
D. Lack of technologies to cope with the environment is caused by lack of natural resources.
42. We can infer from the article that in the 1800s England was probably rich in . A. wood resou rces B. technological resources C. natural resources D. coal resource
43. in modern Western society, the environmental problem has . A. received great attention fo rm the governments
B. caused some serious disorders in technology and economy Affected modern technologies mor e directly than before.
D. become more important but received less and less attention
44. The underlined word “heed” in the last but one sentence of the passage means . A. lawsuit
B. interest
C. attention
D. expense
45. What is the best topic for the passage? A. What can nature contribute to technology?
B. Environment can sometimes block the progress of technology.
C. Technologies of all kinds shou ld serve the natural environment.
D. Environment deserves the most attention in the development of technology.
Part B
Directions: After you have read the following passage, write out a summary in English whit about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary on the ANSWER SHEET.
What is Society?
Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually be neficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, as a collective body, chiefly in w ays that look out for the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibi lities within the society. One of the best direct analogies is with the human body itself. The cells a re all alive, independently, yet they group together and establish roles, responsibilities, and relati onships that allow a greater whole to exist that is more than just the sum of the parts. The cells g ain from the specific roles they play because they are allowed to be what they are more effectivel y. Further, they are given a limited awareness of the whole that their efforts aid in creating. Similarly, when individual human beings group together to form societies, an
organization is created in which the members are the cells. Subgroups of the members may form organs through which higher level functions can then manifest. If the relationships are loose, the body created has limited functionality over that of any individual member because there is little s ynergy. When the relationships are close and founded on a basis of love, the body thus created h as significant functionality over that of the individuals. When the group is small, few organs can b e created so there is limited complexity or functionality. When the group is large, many organs ca n be created, resulting in highly increased complexity and functionality.
Countries, regions, states cities, and neighborhoods could all be considered to be societies as coul d teams, groups, and any other organizations of people. For our purposes here, the most importa nt society is The United States of America since it is the one established to set up the New Order f or the Ages, Novus Ordo Seclorum. Society is more than the government, however. It also includ es all the economic and social infrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need. Ⅳ. Translation
1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realiza tion of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over I billion persons lac k access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the
primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contaminatio n, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to ado pt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.
2. Translate the following passage into English.
和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。中国与西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。
Ⅴ. Composition ( 35 minutes; 15 points )
Directions. Write an essay of about 200 words on the topic given below: Desire is perhaps the str ongest drive to progress. But everyone has his/her own understanding of it. There has been a disc ussion recently on the issue. Write an essay to the newspaper to
1. show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,
2. give a specific exam ple, and
3. give your suggestion as to treat one’s desire.
中国农业科学院考博英语真题2005答案解析
ⅠVocabulary Part A 1.C 译文：景色太美了，超出了我的描述能力所能描述的。解析：transport运输；transfer 转让；transcend超越，超出；transform转变。2.A 译文：校长在演讲开始时称赞了女孩的勇敢。解析：applaud称赞；enhance加强；elevate 提升；clap鼓掌。3.D 译文：“黄色”的字面意思是一种颜色，但它也可以表示“怯懦地”的意思。解析：literal meaning 字面意思。 4.C 译文：很多人认为公共意识的标准下降了。解析：固定短语，public awareness公共意识。Morality道德；rightness 正义；mentality 心态。 5.B 译文：人们惊讶地发现他有能力控制他所参与的所有事情。解析：precede 领先；dominate控制，支配；pervade弥漫；denominate取名，称为。6.B 译文：他们的反应如此不同的事实反应了他们个性上的差异。解析：performance表现；personality个性，性格；quality质量；debut初次登台。7.C 译文：这个要可以减轻胃痛。解析：ascertain查明，探知；agitate煽动；alleviate减轻，缓和；allocate分配。8.B 译文：这栋公寓估价50，000美元，它的主人决定卖掉它。解析：automate自动化；assess 评定，估价；assert维护，坚持；avenge报仇。9.A 译文：部长嘱咐所有的官员交税。解析：bid 吩咐，嘱咐；bless 保佑；bark吠叫，咆哮；baffle使困惑。10.B 译文：人死时，要在遗产分配前把他的债还清。解析：paradox矛盾；legacy遗产；platitude陈腐，平凡；analogy类比。Section B 11.D 译文：游客从远方聚集而来看首都的景色。解析：根据题意，只有D“gather”的意思与“flock聚集”相近。12.B 译文：他说了太多的谎言，我们再也不会相信他说的话了。解析：根据题意可知reliance 的意思为“信任”，所以与之意思相近的就是B。13.D 译文：石油可以彻底地改变社会，这种程度超过了人们所能想象得到的。解析：根据题意drastically表示“彻底地’。grossly很，非常；severely 严重地；rapidly 快速地；radically彻底得。四个选项中只有D与drastically意思相近。14.B 译文：经济困难时期，政府的教育预算通常会在其他预算之前被削减。解析：根据题意知slash的意思为“削减”，所以B“cut”的意思与之相近15.A 译文：现代的打印设备可以很快打印出文本和图片的副本。解析：根据题意知duplicate意为“副本的，复制的”，四个备选项identical完全相同的；double两倍的；illustrated有插图的；legible清晰的。利用常识，我们知道打印机打出的副本都是完全相同的，所以与duplicate意思相近的是 A. 16.C 译文：当她最小的孩子离开家时，她有一种急切的需要去填补她的时间。解析：根据题意知pressing意为“急切的”，所以只有C“urgent 紧急的，急迫的”与之意思相近。17.D 译文：表演艺术家的任务是诠释而非改变印在纸上的音乐的音符。
解析：根据题意知alter的意思为“改变”，四个选项中omit省略；reproduce复制，繁殖；compose写作，构成；change改变。所以与alter意思相近的是D。
18.B 译文：当高空卫星携带有伽马射线和其他放射物质的探测器时，飞机和火箭可以用来收集放射性碎片。
解析：diffusion扩散；remains残余；glitter 闪光；transfer转移。根据题意，可知答案
为B。
19.C 译文：尽管因为多年的为国家服务而变得精疲力竭了，华盛顿还是接受美国总统一职。解析：worn out在题目中的意思为“精疲力竭”，四个选项中只有C“exhausted”表达
此意。
20.D 译文：对于因观点相投而选择彼此成为朋友的法国人而言，活跃的争论和尖锐的论断是他们生活不可缺少的部分。
解析：根据题目知congeniality意为“意气相投”，四个选项中coexistence共存；coincidence 巧合；correlation相关；compatibility相容。结合四个选项的意思，只有D与congeniality的意思最相近。
Ⅱ Cloze Test 21.答案 C
解析：上一句提到“盐的使用方式在历史上有很多种”，那么接下来的空根据文意可知是表示“历史证明”。historical evidence即表示“历史证明、史实”，而 historic表示“有历史意义的”。 22.答案 B 解析：根据四个备选项中的单词，可知该空表示的“咸鱼，腌鱼”，咸鱼的英语表达为“salted fish”。 23.答案B
解析：根据该空句子的意思：如果偷盐的时候被抓，就要坐牢。四个选项中：arrest表示“根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留”；catch是普通用词，表示“被抓住，逮着”； be seized 表示“被查封的”；所以答案为B。 24.答案 C
解析：上一句提到人们在偷盐的时候被抓就要坐牢，那么这一空的句子的意思就是“有那么多的人坐牢的原因是因为偷盐”。四个选项中可以表示原因的是C。 25.答案 A
解析：根据该空后一句的意思，可知盐除了用在餐桌上，还可以用在制玻璃、飞机零件等。四个选项中：besides除…之外，还；beyond 超越；except把…除外；只有besides符合题意，所以答案为A。 26.答案C
解析：根据“crops”和选项中的内容，可知该空表达的是“庄稼的种植”，所以答案为C。 27.答案 C 解析：通过常识，我们知道在布料上撒盐可以防止掉色，所以四个选项中只有preserve colors 表达的是“保护颜色，防止掉色”的意思。 28.答案 B
解析：该空要是填比较级，应该是the most common processes.所以排除D。根据processes 可知答案为B，因为little ,much修饰不可数名词。 29.答案 D
解析：根据该空前面的内容：盐可以从地下矿井、大海，咸水湖、小型海甚至是从盐性灌木中获得。这些都是获得盐的地方。所以该空表达的是“无论在哪里得到盐”，四个选项中表示“无论哪里”的意思是wherever。 30.答案D
解析：play an important role in 在…扮演着重要作用。
Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Part A
Passage one 31.答案 C
解析：根据第一段第一句Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asia\'s deadly bird flu virus，可知国际会议的主题是禽流感，所以答案为C。 32.答案 B
解析：根据第四段的第一句Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures，可知B 的表述是正确的。 33.答案D
解析：根据题意，在文章第四段和第五段均提到了A，B,C三项的内容，只有D 没有提到。 34.答案 A 解析：最后一段“The virus has yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between humans.该病毒还没有变异成可以砸人之间传染的形式。”根据此意，可知A对。 35.答案 D
解析：根据文章的中心句“Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asia\'s deadly bird flu virus，a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting t he disease.”，可知只有D最适合作为文章的题目。
Passage two 36.答案B 解析：根据题干中的“in a vague way”，我们可以定位在第一段的“The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex反基督教的情绪是很复杂的”，“ On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries；there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders；there was a virile tradition of ethnocentrisms”，在这句话中连续提到了三个反基督教的可能因素，可知这种反基督教的因素并不是单一的，也不是固定的。所以它其实源于一种对基督教比较普遍而又不有点茫然的情绪，所以答案为B。 37.答案 B
解析：根据第一段“there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders onl y tangentially attributable to the West，替与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊是一种可理解的倾向”，可知中国内部的很多问题并不是西方因素引起的，符合此意的只有B。 38.答案 A
解析：根据第一段“there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism，vented long before against Indian Buddhism”，这句话中“virile男性的”的意思等同于“manly”，所以A 是正确的，另外根据“against Indian Buddhism”可知C错，而B的内容在文章并无体现。 39.答案 D
解析：第二段的最后提到“Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. The y were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to communi cate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interio r that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.”在这句话中，A,B,C的内容均有提及，所以答案为D 40.答案
解析：最后一段提到“the official depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentime nt, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness.，该句话表达了官方对当地人的依赖，和官方要是不顾当地人民的情绪，实行传道活动，就会有疏远当地人和破坏传道的效果的危害。所以依据此意我们可知官方关注当地人民的感觉，同时官方有义务去弄清楚人们是否可以容忍传道活动的进行，所以BC的内容均符合，故答案为D。
Passage three 41.答案 B
解析：根据第一段“the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the development of technologi es appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt successfully to it.环境可以引发适合环境的科技发展，以此可以让人类成功的适应环境”可知B表达的正是此意。 42.答案D
解析：根据第一段最后一句
“in the case of the gradual change from wood-based to coal-based technology in England that b egan in Elizabeth times and stretched until the end of the eighteenth century.从伊丽莎白时期到十八世纪末，基于木材的科技逐渐向基于煤炭的科技转变，”，可知十八世纪的煤炭很丰富，才能进行基于煤炭的科技。 43.答案 A 解析：根据第二段的“In general, in the last fifteen years, the gradual development of broad-based environmental aw areness, the lobbying and litigious activities of environmental interest groups, and guidelines issu ed and reinforced by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in response to congressional ma ndates have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment给予环境越累越多的注意”，可知政府、机构和企业对环境越来越重视了。所以答案为A。 44.答案 C 解析：根据上一问我们知道政府、机构和企业对环境越来越重视，和“have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment给予环境越来越多的注意”，可知heed的意思是“注意”，四个选项中只有attention表达此意。 45.答案 D
解析：根据文章的中心句“The natural environment has, of course, always conditioned technology”和后文论述的环境与科技的关系，可知在科技发展的同时，要重视环境。所以D最符合本文的主题。
Part B
Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually be neficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, chiefly in ways that look out for t he highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the societ y. Society is more than the government, however. It also includes the entire economic and social i nfrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.
Ⅳ Translation
been possessed by the gentry.”在这句话中，A,B,C的内容均有提及，所以答案为D 40.答案解析：最后一段提到“the official depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentime nt, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness.，该句话表达了官方对当地人的依赖，和官方要是不顾当地人民的情绪，实行传道活动，就会有疏远当地人和破坏传道的效果的危害。所以依据此意我们可知官方关注当地人民的感觉，同时官方有义务去弄清楚人们是否可以容忍传道活动的进行，所以BC的内容均符合，故答案为D。
Passage three 41.答案 B
解析：根据第一段“the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the development of technologi es appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt successfully to it.环境可以引发适合环境的科技发展，以此可以让人类成功的适应环境”可知B表达的正是此意。 42.答案D
解析：根据第一段最后一句“in the case of the gradual change from wood-based to coal-based technology in England that b egan in Elizabeth times and stretched until the end of the eighteenth century.从伊丽莎白时期到十八世纪末，基于木材的科技逐渐向基于煤炭的科技转变，”，可知十八世纪的煤炭很丰富，才能进行基于煤炭的科技。 43.答案 A 解析：根据第二段的“In general, in the last fifteen years, the gradual development of broad-based environmental aw areness, the lobbying and litigious activities of environmental interest groups, and guidelines issu ed and reinforced by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in response to congressional ma ndates have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment给予环境越累越多的注意”，
可知政府、机构和企业对环境越来越重视了。所以答案为A。 44.答案 C 解析：根据上一问我们知道政府、机构和企业对环境越来越重视，和“have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment给予环境越来越多的注意”，可知heed的意思是“注意”，四个选项中只有attention表达此意。 45.答案 D
解析：根据文章的中心句“The natural environment has, of course, always conditioned technology”和后文论述的环境与科技的关系，可知在科技发展的同时，要重视环境。所以D最符合本文的主题。
Part B
Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually be neficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, chiefly in ways that look out for t he highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the societ y. Society is more than the government, however. It also includes the entire economic and social i nfrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.
Ⅳ Translation
1.英译中
水是一种有限的自然资源，是人们生活和健康的公共基本物质。水人权是人类尊严的生活所必不可少的，是实现其他所有人权的先决条件。该委员会一直面临着发展中国家以及发达国家对水权力的普遍反对。超过十亿人缺乏基本的水供给，而数十亿人没有适当的卫生设施，而这是水污染和水有关的疾病的主要原因。持续的污染、损耗和水的分配不均加剧了目前的贫困状况。国家应该放下歧视，采取有效措施来实现水权。
2.中译英
Peace and development are the two major themes in today's world. The maintenance of world p eace, strengthening friendship and cooperation and promoting common development are the co mmon aspiration of all peoples. At present, poverty, unemployment, refugees, crime, a populatio n explosion, environmental degradation, drug trafficking, terrorism and other issues are still sever e and affect global stability and development. Although China and western countries have differe nt national conditions, both sides have broadly consistent interests in a series of major internatio nal issues. I am delighted to see the improvement and development of the connection between c hina and west countries. The government and people of China would like to devote to the great p eace and development on the basis of mutual trust and equality and mutual benefit with all the p eople and all the governments including west countries.
ⅤComposition
Desire
Definition of desire is to want or to have a strong longing for something. It has many synonyms th at can express similar meaning like ache, covet, hanker, long, pant, pine, want, wish and yearn. As to its origin, the very foundation of Western religion and morality places desire at the root of hu man nature; evil and sadness flow from frustrated desire, or form the punishment for desires that transgress. And in fact no one has no desire for something, and it appears in all aspects of life. Fo r example, in the field of marketing, desire for a product is stimulated by advertising, which attem pts to give buyers a sense of lack or wanting. In store retailing, merchants attempt to increase the desire of the buyer by showcasing the product attractively, in the case of clothes or jewelry, or, fo r food stores, by offering samples. Of course, this sort of desire is quite normal. However, every co in has two sides, as is the case with desire. Besides,
men are creatures whose desires are unlimited. Unlike other animals, they are not satiated when
their biological needs are fulfilled. Therefore, how to cope with desire is becoming quite essential for us. Maybe first we ought to know what we desire for. Then we need to control the desires an d goals that will lead to our anomie and corruption or to encourage the good desire such as the d esire for achievement and progress. All in all, we need to learn to treat our desire so that we will not be controlled by it.
初三英语期末考试 时间：100分钟满分：130分 听力部分（20分） 一、听问题，选答案。读一遍。（5分） ( )1. A. Once a year. B. For a long time. C. Next year. ( )2. A. That’s right. B. Good idea. C. No, I don’t. teacher. ( )3. A. In his office. B. Very funny. C. He’s a ( )4. A. No. don’t say so.B. Thank you. C. We’d love to. ( )5. A. No, not at all. B. Yes, please open it. C. No, don’t open it, please. 二、听对话。选出最佳选项。读一遍。（5分） ( )1. How will the woman get to the railway station? A. By bike. B. By car. C. On foot. ( )2. How old is the man now? A. 22 years old. B. 24 years old. C. 26 years old. ( )3. Where are they talking? C. On the phone. A. In the classroom. B. At the girl’s home. ( )4. When is it now? A. In the evening. B. In the afternoon. C. In the morning. ( )5. When did Mike go back home last night? A. At 8:45. B. At 9:15. C. At 9:45. 三、听第3段材料，选出最佳选项。读两遍。（10分） ( )1.Wen did Mr. Smith’s friend give him a cat? A. two months ago B. one month ago C. two weeks ago D. one week ago ( )2. Mr. Smith asked his cook to give to his cat every day. A. a piece of cake B. a pound of fish C. a pound of meet D. a bowl of rice ( )3. Mr. Smith didn’t believe his cook because . A. the cat was becoming thinner and thinner. B. the cat wanted to run away. C. he didn’t like him. D. he wanted to prove. ( )4. Mr. Smith got the cat from . A. his friend B. the market C. the street D. the house ( )5. From the story, we know ate the meat. A. Mr. Smith B. the eat C. the cook D. Nobody 听下面的短文。短文后有5个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。短文读两遍。 6. What did David do well in when he was young? A、Basketball. B、Football. C、Tennis 7．Why did he stop playing football? A、Because he didn’t like it at all. B、Because he went to work in a city. C、Because there was no team. 8．What happened to David then? A、He was badly ill. B、He began to get fat. C、He got stronger and stronger. 9．What did he decide to do then? A、To play tennis.
紫云自治县2016—2017 学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测试卷（）13.—Do you often play football on the weekend? —________ 语五年级英 B. Yes, I do. C. No, I do. A. Yes, I am. 100分钟）100 分时间：（总分：）14. Where________the girl come from? （ A. are B. is C. does 题号一二三四五六七八九总分
（）15. ________nice camera it is! 分得A. What B. How C. What a 评卷人 三、根据所给场景，选择合适的句子。(10 分) 分）一、找出下列单词中与众不同的一项。（10 （）16.当你想知道今天是星期几时，应问：C. hot B. sweet （）1.A. tea A. What day is it today? B. What do you have? C. It's Monday? （B. bike C. lake ）17.当你想知道别人会做什么事时，应问：（）2.A. river A. What do you do? ）（3.A. park B. old C. young B. What can you do? C. What are you do? （）18.当你想知道别人最喜欢的食物是什么时，应问：（）4. A. flower C. mountain B. tree
A. What's your favorite food? B. What 's your best like food? C. Sunday 5. A. Friday B. dirty （）C. What's your favorite fruit? 20 分）二、单项选择。（（）19.当你想感谢对方时，应说：________is your English teacher? （6. ）—A. You are welcome. B. I see. C. Thank you! Miss Liu. —（）20.当你问别人想喝什么时，你应说： C. Who B. Which A. What A. What do you like? B. What would you like to drink? 7. I________ a student. （）C. What's your like? C. is B. are A. am 四、从 B 栏中选出 A 栏的最佳答语。（10 分）8.
中国各部门的英文翻译-中国各机构英语翻译 信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC) 主席团Presidium 常务委员会Standing Committee 办公厅General Office 秘书处Secretariat 代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee 提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委员会Law Committee 财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee 外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee 教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China
初三英语期末考试试卷 一、听力选择(满分26分) A)对话理解(共16小题；每小题1分，满分16分) 听下面16段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳项。每段对话读两遍。 1．What does the man want to drink? A．Black coffee．B．White coffee C．Tea with milk． 2．How long has Jack been in the school? A．For two years．B．Since two months ago．C．Two years ago． 3．How did Alice go to school? A．By bicycle．B．On foot．C．By bus． 4．Where does this conversation take place? A．At a restaurant．B．At a theatre．C．At the station． 5．How much does the man need to borrow to buy the coat? A．$5 B．$10 C．$11． 6．What is David going to do? A．Catch a train home．B．Do his homework．C．Go to apark． 7．What did the man mean? A．He was badly hurt．B．He was safe．C．He couldn’t see． 8．What was the weather like yesterday evening? A．Rainy．B．Sunny．C．Cloudy． 9．In which month did Tom’s father go to Japan? A．January．B．Febmary．C．March． 10．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Teacher and student．B．Classmates．C．Mother and son． 11．What did the woman do with today’s newspaper? A．Sheuseditto cook． B．She cleaned the doors with it． C．She cleaned the windows with it． 12．What is the man? A．A policeman．B．A writer．C．A robber． 13．Where does the man prefer to live? A．In the city．B．In the country．C．Anywhere。 14．Where did the man meet Jack? A．At the man’s sister’s birthday party．
濉溪县2019—2019 学年度第一学期期末考试 高二英语试卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 ( ) 1. ? A. . B. . C. . ( ) 2. ’t ? A. . B. . C. ’t . ( ) 3. ’s ? A. . B. . C. . ( ) 4. ’s ’s ? A. A . B. A . C. A . ( ) 5. ? A. ’t . B. . C. . 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 ( ) 6 ? A. . B. . C. . ( ) 7 ? A. . B. . C. . 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 ( ) 8 ? A. A . B. A . C. A . ( ) 9 ? A. a . B. a . C. a . ( ) 10 ? A. . B. . C. . 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 ( ) 11 ? A. a . B. a . C. . ( ) 12 ? A. 1 . B. 2 . C. 3 . ( ) 13 ? A. . B. . C. . 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
2009年中国农科院动物营养博士考题真题 名词解释 peNDF conjugated linoleic acid 问答任选四 举例说明氨基酸消化率的测定方法？ 奶牛低乳汁综合症的原因及研究进展？ 以畜禽为例说明热境应激对其的影响 叶酸的生物学功能、缺乏症，叶酸与Vb12的关系 英国、美国、中国的能量体系有什么不同？能量体系之间的换算公式论述任选二 以畜禽为例说明幼年动物的生长对成年的影响 分子生物学技术在动物营养中的营养及研究进展 营养平衡对动物来说具有重要意义，以单胃或反刍动物为例说明纤维素与对它营养素吸收的影响及平衡对动物健康的意义 2008中国农科院动物营养博士考题真题 简答题 1.反刍动物限制性氨基酸的研究方法？对比动物产品和食糜氨基酸 组成的差异进行计算，如单个氨基酸的消化道灌注，乳腺氨基酸的吸收，必需AA的消化道灌注、AA吸收率的方法评定AA的限制性顺序 r275 2.必需脂肪酸？猪的脂肪消化，吸收，代谢？ 3.家禽碘的营养？R319
4.犊牛消化生理特点？R377,R131,R401 论述题 1.瘤胃微生物的研究进展？ 2.共轭亚油酸对猪生长性能的作用机制？P141 农科院畜牧所<<动物营养学>>博士研究生入学考试试题 2006年 1、如何评价锰的生物利用效率，影响其利用效率的因素有哪些？ 2、什么是蛋白质周转及其影响因素 3、营养素对猪免疫功能所起的作用以及寡糖如何发挥功能性作用 4、反刍动物与单胃动物脂肪代谢的区别，共轭亚油酸的生物合成途径以及如 何通过营养手段进行调控 5、综合分析基因、环境和营养对畜禽肉品品质的影响 农科院畜牧所<<动物营养学>>博士研究生入学考试试题 2005年 1、阴阳离子平衡在家禽上的作用、应用（20分） 2、断奶仔猪的营养生理特点？怎样做好仔猪的饲料添加剂？（20分） 3、提高奶牛小肠AA消化率的方法措施（20分） 4、酶制剂的最新研究。你的观点与看法。（20分） 5、现在我国畜牧业所面临的问题有哪些？你作为一名农业科学研究者的看法。（20
初三期末测试英语试卷 一、单选题（每题1分，共25分） （）1.He will be back ______ a few weeks. A. in B. on C. for D. at （）2、He found difficult to improve his English the teacher’s help. A.it is; without B.it was; with C.it; without D.that is; with （）3.—_________ at 8 o’ clock yesterday? — I was doing my homework. A. What do you do B. What were you doing C. What did you do D. What are you doing （）4、My father told me that he _____ Germany on business the next week. A. will leave for B. left for C. would leave for D. is leaving for （）5、He will do better in English if he _______ harder. A. will work B. works C. working D. work （）6、Is there _____ with your mother? A. something wrong B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. wrong anything （）7、Would you mind ______ baseball here? A. no playing B. not playing C. not to play D. no to play （）8.---Could you please make ____ posters? ---Sure, that’s _____problem. A. any; not B. some; not C. any; no D. some; no （）9. The foreign visitors _______ Jinan for more than three weeks. A have arrived in B have got to C have been in D have come to （）10、--- , do you have any idea where the bank is? ---Over there, next to the Haha Supermarket.. A. In the way B. On the way C. By the way D. At the way （）11、---I won the first prize in the singing competition last Saturday. ---Really _________ A.That’s right. B.Congratulations! C.Don’t mention it. D.It’s very kind of you. （）12、You are tired. ______ a rest? A. Why stop to have B. Why not stop to have C. Why not stop having D. Why stop having （）13、---I t hink I’m going to play computer games. ---If you , your mother won’t be happy. A. will B. are C. does D. do
01 Passage 1 Hypnotism (催眠术) is very old. Thousands of years ago people started to use it in Egypt. The use of hypnotism has grown very much since that time. Today, doctors and scientists are in almost every country hypnotize people to help them with their problems. What is hypnotism, and how does it work? Many people think that a hypnotist puts people to sleep. Then he makes the hypnotized people do strange things. This is not what a hypnotist does. Hypnotism is really just a way to relax the mind and body. What are some of the uses of hypnotism? We go to a hypnotist because w e have a problem. The problem makes us unhappy. The hypnotist asks us to think hard about something and relax. When we are relaxed, t he hypnotist gives us some ideas to help us with our problems. Hypnotism can help people to remember things. The police sometimes ask hypnotists to help them. For example, a man sees an accident. He forgets the license number of the car he sees. If he is hypnotized he may remember it. The police can then find the car and catch the driver. People who are hypnotized can also make mistakes or say something that isn't true. People remember what they think they saw. That may not be what really happened. The police don't hypnotize people who do something wrong. Why not? People who are hypnotized may say something that isn't true. A person who has done something bad has a good reason to say something that isn't true. 1. Hypnotist helps people by ____. [A] putting them to sleep [B] helping them to get relaxed [C] offering his ideas about their problems [D] making them forget their problems 2. When hypnotized, some people may say something that is not true, because ____. [A] they do not remember what has happened [B] they remember what they think has happened [C] they do not know what has happened [D] they are not interested in what has happened 3. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?____ [A] Hypnotism is very different form what it used to be. [B] When a person is hypnotized, his body gets relaxed, while his mind works hard. [C] Hypnotism is much more widely used today than it was thousands of years ago. [D] When hypnotized, a person will do something strange. 4. The passage mainly talks about ____. [A] how hypnotism works [B] the development of hypnotism [C] the use of hypnotism [D] the wonder of hypnotism
人教版英语精品资料（精修版） 腾五中上学期期末考试试卷 初三英语 (满分100分，时间120分钟) 所有试题均在答题卡上作答 第一部分听力(共四节，满分25分) 第一节听句子，选出与句子内容相关的图画，并将所选答案的字母代号填入题前括号内。每个句子听两遍。(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分) 第二节听句子，选出与所听句子内容相符的正确答语，并将所选答案的字母代号填入题前括号内。每个句子听两遍。(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分) （）6. A. Father Christmas. B. Last week C. With my family. （）7. A. Why not? B. He isn't ten. C. Yes, I did. （）8. A. Steel. B. In America. C. $34. （）9. A. Yeah. He's creative. B. On the table. C. It is mine. （）10. A. In ten years. B. We can make a plan first. C. I want to be a doctor. 第三节听对话，选出能回答问题的正确选项，并将其字母代号填入题前括号内。每段对话听两遍。（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 听第一段对话，回答第11—12小题。 （）11. What is the white blouse made of?. A. Cotton. B. Silk. C. Wool. （）12. How much is the blue blouse? A. 200 yuan. B.175 yuan. C. 75 yuan. 听第二段对话，回答第13—14小题。 （）13. How soon will the speakers leave their school? A. In one month. B. In two months. C. In three months. （）14. Where does Lucy want to work in the future? A. In a hotel. B. In a hospital. C. In a school. 听第三段对话，回答第15—17小题。 （）15. What will the speakers do on Sunday?. A. Go to a park. B. Go to a zoo. C. Go swimming. （）16. What will the weather be like? A. Cool. B. Hot. C. Warm. （）17. When will the speakers meet on Sunday? A. At 8:00 am. B. At 9:00 am. C. At 10:00 am. 听第四段对话，回答第18—20小题。
新编大学英语A2期末考试试卷 Part I Listening Comprehension(20%) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Section A. 1. A. An advertisement B. A newspaper C. Their work D. A dream 2. A. On foot B. By car C. By bus D. By bike 3. A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six 4. A. The restaurant provides good food B. She enjoys her part-time job C. The restaurant offers cheap food D. There are several cooks in the restaurant. 5. A. The movie was disappointing B. The movie was expensive to see. C. He wants to see the movie again. D. He should have seen the movie at home. 6. A. $ 64 B.$ 86 C. $96 D. $140 7. A. To stay at home B. To go to bed immediately C. To see a movie D. To go to a party. 8. A. Tom is unable to hear well. B. Tom didn’t say anything at the meeting. C. Tom doesn’t listen to him. D. Tom went out before the meeting was over.
中国农业科学院复试英语口语试题集锦 中国农业科学院作物科学所复试英语口语试题集锦 1.Where are you from？ 2.Please introduce youself. 3.How to say 零下50摄氏度in english？ 4.How to say 30万in english？ 5.How much do you know about soybean？ 6.Which school are you from？Can you say something about you school？ 7.Read this english article and then translate the underlined sentences into chinese. 8.Read this sentence and translate the underlined terms into english. 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所复试英语口语试题集锦 1.Where are you from？ 2.Please introduce youself. 3.How do you like beijing？ 4.Why do you want to continue study instead of looking for a job？ 5.What causes the high occurrence of pest problems in the greenhouse？ 6.Women doctors can''t take good care of their family and their job at the same time.What is your opinion？ 7.What is you future plan？ 8.Do you know any method used for begetable breeding？ 1.Where are you from？ 2.Please introduce youself. 3.How do you like beijing？
初中毕业生学业考试 英语 本试卷共四大题，12页，满分110分。考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生 号、姓名、考点考场号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。 2.选择题每小題选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题 目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答 案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按 以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结東，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语法选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~15各题 所给的A、 B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of music of the 20th century. In his short life he wrote-1 300 songs and an opera. Xian was bom in Panyu, Guangdong, China in 1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with-2 mother. He began learning to play_ 3 violin when he was 20 years old. In the beginning, his violin was cheap and badly made that he_ 5 not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop 6 and soon showed his talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students_7 studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he 8 , Xian became the schools best student 9 won several prizes for his talents. In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came to Yan'an 10 music at a college. 11 there were no pianos in Yan'an at that time Xian still wrote 12 of his most important music there, , his most famous work. including The Yellow River
《综合英语》考试试卷（A卷、闭卷） Part I Reading Comprehension (阅读理解) （每小题3分，共15分） Passage One Suppose we built a robot to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning. According to the evolutionary theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent. The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers. 1.The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us . A) the differences between robots and men B) the reason why men need to sleep C) about the need for robots to save power D) about the danger of men working at night 2.Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help
国务院机构英文译名 一、中华人民共和国国务院办公厅 General Office of the State Council，PRC 二、国务院组成部门 中华人民共和国外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC 中华人民共和国国防部 Ministry of National Defence，PRC 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会 National Development and Reform Commission，PRC 中华人民共和国教育部 Ministry of Education, PRC 中华人民共和国科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology，PRC 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, PRC 中华人民共和国国家民族事务委员会 National Ethnic Affairs Commission，PRC 中华人民共和国公安部 Ministry of Public Security, PRC 中华人民共和国国家安全部 Ministry of State Security ,PRC
中华人民共和国民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs, PRC 中华人民共和国司法部 Ministry of Justice, PRC 中华人民共和国财政部 Ministry of Finance, PRC 中华人民共和国人力资源和社会保障部 Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security ,PRC 中华人民共和国自然资源部 Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC 中华人民共和国生态环境部 Ministry of Ecology and Environment, PRC 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部 Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rura1 Development，PRC 中华人民共和国交通运输部 Ministry of Transport，PRC 中华人民共和国水利部 Ministry of Water Resources, PRC 中华人民共和国农业农村部 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC 中华人民共和国商务部 Ministry of Commerce, PRC