Passage 1
A man was telling one of his friends why he was content with his married life. ?My wif makes all the small decisions,? he explained, ?and I make all the big ones, so we never try to have too much influence in each other’s……
答案：C D D A C
Passage 2
Mr. White lived in a small village. His parents hadn’t enough money to send him to school. He had to help them to do something in the fields. But he didn’t like to live in the poor place. When he was sixteen……
答案: B A B D C
Passage 3
Jack Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited (继承) a million dollars when he was 23, but he was n’t happy at all. When his college friends wee 100 king for their job, he didn’t……
答案: C D B B A
Passage 4
Laws have been written to govern the use of American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag. Custom has also governed the common practice in regard to its use…….
答案：A B D C B
Passage 5
Mr. and Mrs. White had two sons and three daughters. One Sunday, Mrs. White said to her husband , ‘The children don’t have any lessons today, and you’re free too. There’s a new funfair in the park. Let’s all go there to play.?……
答案：D C C B A
Passage 6
Pepys and his wife had asked some friends to dinner on Sunday, September 2nd, 1666. The servants were up very late on the Saturday evening, getting everything ready for the next day, and while they were……
答案：C C C B C
Passage 7
When weather is hot, you go to a lake or an ocean. When you are near a lake or an ocean, you feel cool. The sun makes the earth hot, but it cannot make the weather very hot…..
答案D D A D D
Passage 8
It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, the daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenly become ?in?……
答案：C C D C B
Passage 9
"Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate…..
答案：ＢＣＡＤＢ
Passage10
" When John and Victoria Falls arrived in New York City for one-year stay, they did not bring very many things with them. They had planned either to live in a furnished。。。。。。
答案：ＤＣＢＢＤ
Passage11
After having lived for over twenty years in the same district, Albert Hall was forced to move to a new neighborhood. He surprised his landlo……
答案：ＤＣＢＤＣ
Passage12
" Laws have been written to govern the use of American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag. Custom has also governed
答案：ＡＢＣＣＤ
Passage13
After having lived for over twenty years in the same district, Albert Hall was forced to move to a new neighborhood. He surprised his landlord by……
答案：（ＤＣＢＤＣ）
Passage14
" Pearl Carlson was shaken awake at 3:30 a.m. by a forceful pull. King, the family dog, was trying to pull her out of the bed. Then she smelled smoke and heard the sound of fire……
答案：（ＣＡＣＢＤ）
Passage15
Sixteen-year-old Maria was waiting in line at the airport in Santo Domingo. She was leaving her native country to join her sister in the United States. She spoke English……
答案：（ＤＣＣＤＡ）Passage16
When John and Victoria Falls arrived in New York City for one-year stay, they did not bring very many things with them. They had planned either to live in a furnished……
答案："DCBBD"
Passage17
" In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast……
答案："BBBDB"
Passage 18、Places to stay in Britain are as varied as the places you visit. Whatever your budget is, the choice －from basic barn to small hotel, from tiny cottage to grand castle － is all part of fun.
(1)、In this passage the author mainly ________.
A：tells us where to stay while visiting Britain
(2)、_ B：Youth Hotels are mainly built for young visitors.
(3)、If you travel alone and want to know better about family life in Britain, you'd better stay in （D：B&Bs）
(4)、If you are interested in travelling with your friends but only with limited means, where is the better place for you to stay? （C：Hostels）
(5)、Which of the following is NOT true according to the last part of the passage? B：All pubs and inns offer visitors bed and breakfast
1、 The dark smoke that comes out of stacks(大烟囱) or from a burning dump(垃圾) contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us from seeing the sun, irritate(刺痛) our eyes, causes us to cough and makes us ill.
Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had "black snow" from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is a global problem. It can kill babies, older people and those who have respiratory(呼吸) disease. In 1952, four thousands people die in one week as a result of a serious air pollution breakout in London. In 1948 in a small town of Pennsylvania, 20 people died in a four - day period of air pollution. As often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of lung disease, such as bronchitis and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses, too, but these causes have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse.
(1)、Which of the following is NOT true about the "black snow" incident?
B：It happened there because air pollution in these countries was most serious.
(2)、Who can be killed by air pollution? C：Those who suffer from respiratory illnesses.
(3)、How many people died of air pollution in Pennsylvania in 1948? B：20.
(4)、What are bronchitis and asthma?B：Lung disease.
(5)、According to the passage, air pollution increases people's chance of getting ______? B：A lung disease.
2、 Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.
How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries.
(1)、What's the meaning for the word 'parchment'? ________
B：A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals.
(2)、Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper? _____
A：More jobs could be provided than before.
(3)、When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely? ___ A：Around 1400.
(4)、Which of the following countries uses more paper for each person a year? ____B：Sweden.
(5)、What is the main idea of this short talk? ________
C：The invention of paper is of great significance to man.
1、Pubs are supposed to be the Englishman's favorite meeting place, where he can get together with
a few friends over a pint of beer and talk about football, or horse racing, or business.
You may notice that the pub is the place for men, but not for women. Even now it is still not quite respectable for a woman to go into a pub alone; she must have a man to escort(护卫) and protect her. Perhaps that is partly why pubs depress me - they are intended mainly to provide for male interests, which are often pretty narrow. I think this male-dominated atmosphere also reminds me of my life back at school, or in the army, neither of which is an experience I much want to relive.
However, I'm obviously in the minority. Most Englishmen have their local pubs, where they can escape from the pressures of family life or work, and if they are lucky, tell their troubles to
a pretty barmaid.
(1)、For what do Englishmen go to the pubs?
B：They go to meet and talk with their friends over some beer.
(2)、What doesn't the speaker like about the pubs?
C：The male-dominated atmosphere.
(3)、What are many men dreaming of?
A：Owning a pub and living like having a party every night.
(4)、Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
D：The speaker was once an armyman.
(5)、What can you conclude from the passage?
D：Different types of pubs in Britain cater to the taste of different types of men.
1、 A million tourists go to Barcelona every year. They want to see Antonio Gaude's church. This unusual church has a strange history. Gaude was born in Spain in 1852. He had to work and study at the same time. He often missed classes because he had to work, but one day he designed a very unusual show-case for an exhibition in Paris. People began to give him work. He designed houses, offices and gardens. They were all very unusual. He was soon rich and famous. Then a rich bookseller said, "Will you build a church for the poor people of Barcelona? I will pay. I will build schools and workshops, too. They will help the people." "I will do it," said Gaudi. He worked for forty years, but he could not finish the church. It was too big. He needed $10,000,000. He gave all his money to the church. He was poor again when he died in 1926, and only the front of the church was finished. But architects, engineers and tourists from all over the world come to see it. It is very strange, very modern and very revolutionary.
(1)、Which of the following titles best fits the passage?
C：A Poor Architect's Unusual Works
(2)、Which of the following is NOT true?
B：Gaudi devoted most of his life to the building of the church
(3)、Gaudi sometimes missed classes because _ B：he had to work at the same time
(4)、The church is unusual because ____ D：all of the above
(5)、According to the passage, Gaude ____D：both B and C
2、 By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon
Cultural icons are hard to define, but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to go beyond celebrity (明星), who are legendary, who somehow mange to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? That's hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a story to tell. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charm, with the help of the media. But nothing confirms an icon more than a tragic death － such as Martin Luther King, Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.
(1)、The passage mainly deals with ____C：heroes and icons
(2)、Heroes and heroines are usually _____D：all of the above
(3)、Which of the following statements is wrong? ___D：Heroes and heroines can only emerge in war times.
(4)、Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love ____C：just before her death
(5)、What is more likely to set an icon's status? ____B：Tragic and early death.
1、 Long, long ago there was no zero. To write the number sixty-three people wrote 63.To write six hundred and three, people wrote 6 3.The space between six and three was there to mean." not any " tens. Sometimes people did not remember the space. It was hard to see and read.
Later people used a dot to hold the space. Six hundred and three looked like this 6.3.But the dot was hard to see. So people put a circle around it like this 6⊙3.Then people could see the dot. They remembered the space. At last, only the circle around the dot was used. It was like a zero. This is one story of how the zero came to be used.
Now zero has many important uses. Zero tells how many. Can you tell some other ways of using zero?
(1)、Long, long ago people didn't know how to ______.B：write zero
(2)、Long, long ago if they wrote two hundred-eight, people wrote ____B：2 8
(3)、Later ______ was used to mean space. D：a dot (4)、People used circles _____C：not to forget the space
5)、The story tells us ____ A：how zero came to be used
2、 Laws have been written to govern the use of American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag. Custom has also governed the common practice in regard to its use. All the armed services have precise regulations on how to display the national flag. This may vary somewhat from the general rules. The national flag should be raised and lowered by hand. Do not raise the flag while it is folded. Unfold the flag first, and then hoist it quickly to the top of the flagpole. Lower it slowly and with dignity. Place no objects on or over the flag. Do not use the flag as part of a costume or athletic uniform. Do not print it upon cushions, handkerchiefs, paper napkins or boxes. A federal law provides that the trademark cannot be registered if it comprises the flag, or badgers of the US. When the flag is used to unveil a statue or monument, it shouldn't serve as a covering of the object to be unveiled. If it is displayed on such occasions, do not allow the flag to fall to the ground, but let it be carried high up in the air to form a feature of the ceremony. Take every precaution to prevent the flag from soiled. It should not be allowed to touch the ground or floor, nor to brush against objects.
(1)、How do Americans ensure proper respect for the national flag? ____ A：By making laws.
(2)、What is the regulation regarding the raising of the American National Flag? ______ B：It should be raised quickly by hand.
(3)、How should the American National Flag be displayed at an unveiling ceremony? _____D：It should be carried high up in the air
(4)、What do we learn about the use of the American National Flag? _____ C：There are precise regulations and customs to be followed.
(5)、How are Americans towards their National Flag? __B：Respect.
二、阅读理解
1、 Linda and David have traveled by air from London to Sydney, Australia．Linda has promised her mother that she will ring her to let her know that they have arrived safely．This is something she had done ever since she was a child. David thinks it is not a good idea to ring so far, to spend too much, and to say so little．
"If there were an accident．" He says, " They'd know soon enough．Bad news travels fast．"
But Linda has promised that she would ring．"However," she says, "it doesn't cost much when you just think that it's the other side of the world． It's only six pence per second (每秒六便士)。"
"Yes, Mum." Linda puts in. "I just wanted to ring to …"
"I remember how you rang when you went to Betty's house to eat, when you were a little girl. And then when you …" Mrs. Lee is a great talker
"Nearly four pounds." says David．
Linda tries to tell her mother that it is time to say goodbye．
"Yes, all right, "says Mrs. Lee," But you will write, won't you, as you did when you were at work …"
Once again, Mrs. Lee talks about the past, and there is no stopping her.
"Four pounds fifty," says David．
At last, Linda cuts her mother short, promises to write, and rings off．
"There! That wasn't long, was it?"
" Four pounds, ninety pence." David answers．"And you didn't even say that we've arrived．"
(1)、Linda is telephoning home to ______.B：say that she and David have arrived safely
(2)、Linda does not think it expensive to ring, because ______.D：she will speak from one side of the world to the other
(3)、David says, "Nearly four pounds," because ______A：he wants to remind Linda of the cost of the call
(4)、Mrs. Lee goes on talking for so long because ___B：she likes talking
(5)、Linda stopped her mother by ______.D：promising to write, and ringing off
2、What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is "no". It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a tool is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist's knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of
his mathematics was later tested through investigations, Einstein's ideas were shown to be correct.
A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.
(1)、What makes a scientist according to the passage? ______B：The way he uses his tools
(2)、"The scientist, however, goes one step further…". The author says this to show ________. C：the difference between scientists and ordinary people
(3)、A sound scientific theory should be one that ________.
A：works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other times
(4)、The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate ________.
C：that the investigations are important in science
(5)、What is the main idea of the passage? ________.
D：Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist
1、Look at the instructions on the bottle of the medicine and then choose the right answers.
John is twelve years old. He had a bad cold and coughed day and night. He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him some cough medicine.
Cough Medicine Shake it well before use.Take it three times each day before meals.Dose (药量): Age：over 14: 2 teaspoonfuls 8-13: 1 teaspoonful
4-7: 1／2 teaspoonful Not right for children below the age of three. Put it in a cold place. Use it before December 1st 2002.
(1)、John should take ______ a day. B：3 teaspoonfuls
(2)、The medicine should be kept in _______. A：a fridge
(3)、John should ______ before he takes it. A：shake the medicine well
(4)、When kids are ___years old, they cannot take this medicine.C：two
(5)、John will __ the medicine when it is left after Dec.1st, 2002. A：throw away
2、 A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man － the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.
This attitude toward manual(体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.
(1)、From paragraph 1, we know that in America ____ A：people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man
(2)、According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because ____ B：she takes pride in what she can do herself
(3)、The expression "wait on table" in the second paragraph means "____D：serve customers in a restaurant
(4)、The author's attitude towards manual(体力的) labor is _____A：positive
1、Pearl Carlson was shaken awake at 3:30 a.m. by a forceful pull. King, the family dog, was trying to pull her out of the bed. Then she smelled smoke and heard the sound of fire from her parent's room. Pearl's screams awaked her mother, Fern, and father, Howard, who had recently been in hospital for lung disease. Helping Howard to a first-floor window, Fern told him to climb out, then ran to her daughter.
Still inside, King appeared at Pearl's window, making squeaking (短促尖叫) sounds. When running toward Pearl's bedroom, Fern realized her husband hadn't yet escaped. She made her way back through the smoke and flames, following King's sound to where Howard lay semiconscious (半昏迷) on the floor. Fern helped him get outside. King came out only after both were safe.
As day dawned, the Carlsons saw that King's paws were badly burnt, and his entire body was burnt, too. His chain collar had gotten so hot that it burnt his throat, making it impossible for him to bark (叫) normally. Only after the seven-year-old dog refused food did they find pieces of wood in his mouth and realize that King, who slept outside, had bitten through a wood door to warn his family. (1)、Who was King in the story?C：The family dog
(2)、According to the story, the first one who was completely out of danger could be _______. D：Pearl
(3)、When the master's room caught fire, ______B：the dog waked Pearl up
(4)、After reading this story, we've learnt that the following statements could be reasonable except ____B：the dog awoke mother first
(5)、From this story it can be inferred that __D：The dog is man's best friend
2、 In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, will say
a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
(1)、What is the main idea of this passage? ________
B：The role of time in social life over the world.
(2)、What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? __B：
A matter of life or death.
(3)、Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend?B：at 4:00 pm.
(4)、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ________
D：Promptness is valued highly in American life.
(5)、From the passage we can safely infer that _______.
B：the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world
1、 Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and then said, "Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one." The machine, with a new part on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, "The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $29,999."
One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable（有道理的）but the $29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge.
(1)、The factory turned to the German engineer because _____C：the workers could not repair the machine
(2)、The problem of the machine _____ D：was just a part
(3)、According to the engineer, the finding of the problem cost _____B：$ 29,999
(4)、The writer wants to tell us that __ C：the knowledge is worth money
(5)、What is the best title of the passage?A：The Value of Knowledge
2、 Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening.
One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one's own.
Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one's free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has got the reward together with those who have shared the secret of Nature.
Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town,
(1)、Which of the following statements is NOT true? ____ B：All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country.
(2)、With the same money needed for____, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country. C：renting a small flat without a garden
(3)、When the garden is in blossom, that one _____ has been rewarded.
B：having spent time working in the garden
(4)、People who think happiness lies in the city life would feel that ____if they had to live outside London. A：their life was meaningless
(5)、The underlined phrase get away from in the 3rd paragraph refers to _____C：escape from 1、 As long as the sun shines, the earth will not run out of energy. The sun pours more energy on earth than we can ever use. Most of that energy comes to us as heat and light. Energy from the sun is called solar energy.
Anything to do with the sun is called "solar". The word began with the Roman word for the sun and their god of the sun, who was called Sol. Solar energy is a safe kind of energy. It doesn't make pollution or have dangerous leftovers. That is why scientists and investors are experimenting with ways of harnessing（治理利用）the sun to do some of the jobs fossil fuels have been doing. But to make the sun do work like that, they have to solve some problems. They have to collect the sun's energy. Collecting sunshine is not easy, unless you are a plant. Sunshine is not easy to store, either. You can't fill a tank with it or put it in the wood box. You can not move it through
a pipe or a wire. You can not just turn it on.
(1)、What form does most of solar energy take to reach us?B：Heat.
(2)、Where does the word "solar" come from?B：Roman.
(3)、Which of the following is NOT true of solar energy?C：It may cause pollution to the air.
(4)、What are the problems facing scientists who want to use solar energy?D：both A and B.
(5)、What is the writer's purpose of writing the passage?A：To give a brief introduction to solar energy.
2、A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush-often under pressure. City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going restlessly, seeking attention in a store, and elbowing others as they try to complete their errands（任务）. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country.
Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so that they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. Each person hurries to make room for the next person. If you don't, waiters will hurry you.
You also find drivers will be abrupt and that people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small courtesies with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain courtesy point. The view of time affects the importance we attach to patience. In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called "a short fuse." We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some return be this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life.
Many newcomers to the States will miss the opening courtesy of a business call, for example, they will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee they may be traditional in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a café or coffeehouse. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talks. We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly.
(1)、Which of the following statements is wrong? ___D：Americans are impolite to their business colleagues.
(2)、In the fourth paragraph, "a high priority" means __B：a first concern
(3)、Americans evaluate a business colleague _D：by learning about their past performance
(4)、This passage mainly talks about __A：how Americans treasure their time
(5)、We can infer from the passage that the author's tone in writing is __C：appreciative
1、 Pearl Carlson was shaken awake at 3:30 a.m. by a forceful pull. King, the family dog, was trying to pull her out of the bed. Then she smelled smoke and heard the sound of fire from her parent's room. Pearl's screams awaked her mother, Fern, and father, Howard, who had recently been in hospital for lung disease. Helping Howard to a first-floor window, Fern told him to climb out, then ran to her daughter.
Still inside, King appeared at Pearl's window, making squeaking (短促尖叫) sounds. When running toward Pearl's bedroom, Fern realized her husband hadn't yet escaped. She made her way back through the smoke and flames, following King's sound to where Howard lay semiconscious (半昏迷) on the floor. Fern helped him get outside. King came out only after both were safe.
As day dawned, the Carlsons saw that King's paws were badly burnt, and his entire body was burnt, too. His chain collar had gotten so hot that it burnt his throat, making it impossible for him to bark (叫) normally. Only after the seven-year-old dog refused food did they find pieces of wood in his mouth and realize that King, who slept outside, had bitten through a wood door to warn his family.
(1)、Who was King in the story?C：The family dog
(2)、According to the story, the first one who was completely out of danger could be _____D：Pearl
(3)、When the master's room caught fire, ____B：the dog waked Pearl up (4)、After reading this story, we've learnt that the following statements could be reasonable except ____ B：the dog awoke mother first
(5)、From this story it can be inferred that __ D：The dog is man's best friend
2、 The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people's lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down
the Revolution by force. On July 14, 1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 1792, to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and put in prison. In September 1792, the monarchy(君主制) was
、What's this passage about?
(2)、Which did not happen in 1789?
B：The national economy was developing rapidly.
(3)、Where were the political prisoners kept?D：In Bastille
(4)、What does the underlined word "abolished" mean?D：Ended.
(5)、What was NOT the effect of the Revolution?D：The king tried to control the national parliament.
1、 In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day. In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes. When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them. If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret later in the day.
(1)、Why do people in England often talk about the weather?A：Because they may have four seasons in one day.
(2)、From the story we know that when ______ come, there is a heavy rain. B：black clouds
(3)、The sentence "People can also have summer in winter." means "it is sometimes too ______ in winter." A：warm
(4)、In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ___ B：it often rains in England
(5)、The best title for this passage is _____C：The Weather in England
2、 A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush-often under pressure. City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going restlessly, see…..
(1)、Which of the following statements is wrong? ___D：Americans are impolite to their business colleagues.
(2)、In the fourth paragraph, "a high priority" means ____B：a first concern
(3)、Americans evaluate a business colleague ___D：by learning about their past performance
(4)、This passage mainly talks about ____A：how Americans treasure their time
(5)、We can infer from the passage that the author's tone in writing is __C：appreciative
1、As long as the sun shines, the earth will not run out of energy. The sun pours more energy on earth than we can ever use. Most of that energy comes to us as heat and light. Energy from the sun is called solar energy…….
(1)、What form does most of solar energy take to reach us?D：both A and B.
(2)、Where does the word "solar" come from?B：Roman.
(3)、Which of the following is NOT true of solar energy? C：It may cause pollution to the air.
(4)、What are the problems facing scientists who want to use solar energy? D：both A and B.
(5)、What is the writer's purpose of writing the passage?A：To give a brief introduction to solar energy.
2、Britain and France are separated by the English Channel, a body of water that can be crossed in as few as 20 minutes. But the cultures of the two countries sometimes seem to be miles apart. …..
(1)、For centuries, the relationship between Britain and France is ___D：a mixture of love and hate
(2)、The war in Iraq does ____to the relationship between France and Britain. D：both good and harm
(3)、The British are not so friendly to ________ and the French are not so friendly to ___ A：Germany; America
(4)、____are more interested in having holidays in ____ D：British people … France
(5)、What does the last sentence mean? ___C：France and Britain are near neighbors, and this will help balance the relationship between them.
1、 Education in the United States is usually divided into four levels. These are early children, elementary, secondary and higher education. School attendance is required in every state of the country, and in most states students must attend school from……
(1)、What topic does the passage mainly discuss?B：The four levels of American education.
(2)、Is school attendance required in the USA?A：Yes, it is required in the whole country.
(3)、At what level(s) are programs of technical and vocational courses offered?
C：The 3rd and 4th levels.
(4)、How many grades is the second level of the education divided into?A：Six or eight.
(5)、What would most probably be talked about in the next paragraph?B：Post-graduate（研究生）education.
2、A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man － the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common la……
(1)、From paragraph 1, we know that in America _______A：people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man
(2)、According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _____B：she takes pride in what she can do herself
(3)、The expression "wait on table" in the second paragraph means "____D：serve customers in a restaurant
(4)、The author's attitude towards manual(体力的) labor is ____ A：positive
(5)、Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage? ____ B：American Attitude toward Manual Labor
1、 If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak, when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way…..
(1)、Someone can't have a good memory if ______. B：he doesn't use his memory
(2)、If you don't use your arms or legs for some time, ______.
D：they become weak and won't become strong until you use them again
(3)、Which of the following is true?
B：Your memory becomes weak if you do not give it enough chance for practice.
(4)、Few people know that it is only _______if a friend has a poor memory.
B：his parents' fault
(5)、The writer wants to tell us ______. C：how to have a good memory
2、 It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, the daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenly be come "in"……
(1)、What is soap opera? ________C：The daytime serial dramas on TV.
(2)、What can be the best title of the passage? ______ C：Soap opera fans.
(3)、Which are not the reasons why the soap opera suddenly becomes "in" according to the passage? __D：Because the young people have to bear the responsibilities for their troubles.
(4)、What can we learn from the passage? ________
C：Young viewers have turned themselves from the seriousness of sixties to enjoyment now.
(5)、What message does the author want to convey to us? ________
B：The people's favorites to drama works change along with the times.
1、 Once an old man was walking in a street with his horse. It was raining hard. The old man was cold because he was walking in the rain. He wanted to stay in a restaurant. It was a quarter past three in the afternoon…….
(1)、The old man felt very cold because ____ C：he had travelled in the heavy rain
(2)、The people in the restaurant all ran out because ____B：they wanted to see the horse eating fish
(3)、Indeed, the horse can neither ______ nor ______ nor ______.
C：sing ... dance ... eat fish
(4)、All the people in the restaurant rushed out ______ but ______.
D：to see the horse eat fish ... the old man
(5)、Why did the old man ask the waiter to take some fish to his horse? Because _____C：he wanted to sit by the fire, but wasn't able to do so at first
2、 Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening. ……
(1)、Which of the following statements is NOT true? ________
B：All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country.
(2)、With the same money needed for________, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country. C：renting a small flat without a garden D：buying a small flat without a garden
(3)、When the garden is in blossom, that one ________ has been rewarded.
B：having spent time working in the garden (4)、People who think happiness lies in the city life would feel that _______ if they had to live outside London.
A：their life was meaningless
1、 I often dreamed about Pisa when I was a boy. I read about the famous building called the Leaning Tower of Pisa. But when I read the word Pisa, I was thinking of pizza. …..D：Why the writer likes Pisa
(2)、The writer used to think Pisa __ D：the same as pizza
(3)、The Leaning Tower of Pisa is ____ C：600 years old
(4)、The writer ___ B：likes what the tower looks like
(5)、The writer likes the Leaning Tower of Pisa because ___ D：it's imperfect
The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes.
11. What’
15. What was NOT the effect of
In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone
him early in
the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to te ……
in the passage if you
statement is true according to the
we can safely infer that
A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush-often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying
to get where they are going restlessly, seeking attention in a store, and elbowing others as they try to complete their errands(任务). Racing
through
22. In the fourth paragraph, ?
a high priority?
Sixteen-year-old Maria was waiting in line at the airport in Santo Domingo. She was leaving her native
country to join her sister in well. Though she ……
11. M aria’s story happened _____
12. You
employee mentioned in the story is to ________ at the
that he should not be
Passage 2
There are three kinds of goals: shirt-term, medium-range and long long-term goals
Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months. It should be ……
Britain and France are separated by the English Channel, a body of water that can be crossed in
are not so
friendly to________ and the French are not so friendly to 25. What does the last sentence mean? ____C. Franc and Britain are near neighbors, and this will help balance the relationship between them.
Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called ?One On One ?helps elementary students who ’ve fallen behind. Your education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching, that is ,tutoring in math and English.
I ’ m sure you ’ll enjoy this community service… and you ’ll gain valuable experience at
the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you ’ve had experience with
children and that you care about your community. If you ’
d lik
e to sign up, or i
f you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge ’
When John and Victoria Falls arrived in New York City for one-year stay, they did not bring very many things with them. They had planned either to live in a furnished apartment or to buy used furniture. But they soon learned about a new system that more and more people are using. The renting of home furnishings (bed, tables, dishes, and so on ) has become one of America ’s fastest growing businesses.
What kinds of people rent their home furnishings instead of buying them? People who are
international business or government officials, foreign students, airline workers, young married
couples-people whose job or business may force them to move frequently from one city to another. They save a lot of trouble and the cost of moving their furniture each time. They simply rent new furniture when they reach their new homes .Young people to wait until they have enough money to buy furniture they really like. Meanwhile, they find they can rent better quality furniture than they could afford to buy .
’s fastest growing businesses?
17. Why do some people prefer to rent
19. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on . The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.
for the word ?parchment ?
is not mentioned about the invention of
is the main idea Laws have been written to govern the use of American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag. Custom has also governed the common practice in regard to its use. All the armed services have precise regulations on how to display the national flag. This may vary somewhat from the general rules. The national flag should be raised and lowered by hand. Do not raise the flag while it is folded. Unfold the flag first, and then hoist it quickly to the top of the flagpole.
Lower it slowly and with dignity. Place no objects on or over the flag. Do not use the flag as part of a costume or athletic uniform. Do not print it upon
cushions, handkerchiefs, paper napkins or boxes.
A federal law provides
that the trademark
cannot be registered if
it comprises the flag, or badgers of the US. When the flag is used to unveil a statue or monum
ent, it shouldn’t serve as a covering of the object to be unveiled. If it is displayed on such occasions, do not allow
15. What is Americans ’ It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, the daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenly become ?in
?. Between the hours
of 11 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. , college television lounges are filled with soap opera fans who can ’t wait to see the next episode in the lives of their favorite characters.
Now, seriousness has been replaced by fun. Young people want to be happy. It may seem strange that they should turn to soap opera, which is known for showing trouble in people ’s lives. But soap opera is enjoyment. Young people can identify with the soap opera character, who, like the college-age viewer, is looking for happy love, and probably not finding it. And soap opera gives young people a chance to feel close to people without having to bear any responsibility fir their problems.
16
How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery.
All we really known is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions, and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which
could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down.
Those sounds, whether spoken
or written in letters, we call words.
24. By ?association ?
Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this ……
with a garden in the country.
14. People who think happiness lies in the town
would feel that________ if they had to live it outside
15. The underlined phrase get away from in the 3rd paragraph refers to .
By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self ……
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome……
21. What does the author try to prove by citing ?what kind of impression am I making?? (Para.1)
A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man—the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.
This attitude toward manual (体力) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortable but even luxuriously (豪华地)
paragraph 1, we know that in America
22. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _she takes pride in what she can do herself
23. The expression “wait on table”in the second paragraph means “________serve customers in a restaurant
24. The author’s attitude toward manual (体力的
学校读书活动计划 2017年 铁岭县镇西堡镇中心小学 2017年3月
学校读书活动计划 2017年我们学校将继续扎实开展师生读书活动，培养学生良好的阅读习惯和浓厚的读书兴趣，开阔视野，增长知识，开发智力，陶冶情操，充实文化底蕴，提高综合实践能力。能利用图书室、网络，搜集自己需要的信息和资料，小学生课外阅读总量不少于100万字。 具体活动内容： 一、“书香校园”创建活动。 1.教师读书 （1）学期初全体教师每人制定个人读书计划。 （2）完善图书室、阅览室建设管理，让“沉淀”的图书“流动”起来，使之成为教师借书、读书的开放港湾。 （3）读书网络。提倡教师去图书室阅读教育教学杂志，认真阅读、做笔记；加强信息技术培训，促进网络阅读，为教师提供一个开放的“图书馆”。 （4）本学期每位教师必读一至两本教育专著，同时认真写好读书笔记。 （5）教师每学期撰写两篇读书心得体会（必须是原创）。 2.学生读书 （1）班主任老师制定切实可行的班级读书活动计划。 （2）营造读书氛围。本学期，继续加强班级图书角建设（各班可以发动学生推荐捐赠好书供全班学生共同阅读），学校图书室定期对学生开放，使学生有书可读。 （3）充分利用好每天的晨读、午读以及课前2分钟的读书时间，按要求读指定
的内容，长期坚持下去。 （4）大力推进课外阅读行动。本学期鼓励每位学生购买一本好书（参见《小学各年级好书推荐》），学校要求各班学生必须会背《弟子规》。另外根据年级不同，一至三年级每位学生读10个成语故事，10个童话故事，可以背诵《三字经》、《道德经》以及积累好词、好句、好段；四至六年级每位学生读10个神话故事，10个寓言故事，10个历史故事，四至六年级学生每人写5——10篇读书笔记，高年级学生要注重积累成语知识，背诵名言警句、古诗词、经典美文等。 （5）加强书香校园活动资料的收集与整理，重视学生的读书成果的积累。 3.家庭读书活动 在家庭内开展“亲子共读”活动，充分发挥社会、家长的作用，使其成为学校读书活动的支持者、宣传者和参与者、建设者。建议家长将每周周日一小时的时间定为“读书时间”，和孩子共同阅读，共同提高，营造家庭读书氛围（家长可以把陪孩子读书的小视频发到班级的微信群）。有条件的家庭，要经常带孩子到书店购书，到图书馆借书，拓宽读书渠道，倡导家长在孩子过生日时以书为礼品。 二、“好书大家读活动”。 学校根据各年级实际情况，制定出各年级每学期的必背、必读书目和推荐读书内容，各班充分利用早读、读书课或课余时间开展读书活动，如：好书推荐、课前3—5分钟“说”名著活动（介绍内容、讲情节、讲心得等均可）、经典回味、美文共享、心得交流、诗文诵读、读书方法大擂台等，此项活动须长期坚持，形成制度，形成特色。 三、“书香班级”、“阅读之星”的评选活动。 1.环境布置 搞好班级图书角的建设：在各班教室后方放置统一的图书柜，鼓励学生捐书，
怎样才能做好阅读理解呢？ 第一，轻松上阵，调整心态。 首先有一个好心态。就当是在欣赏一篇优美的散文、诗歌，亦或构思巧妙的小说，逻辑严密的说明文等。让它给你带来美的享受和精神愉悦，陶冶你的情操，净化你的心灵，改善你的思维，然后再想着做题。这时，你就会得心应手、有的放矢了。 当然，现在的阅读理解题涉及范围非常广泛，从文学角度、艺术角度、医学角度、美学角度等来考查你，学科交叉现象明显，题型各种各样而又千变万化。但不论范围多么广，题形怎样变化，都跑不出一个字，“理解”。那么，就用你的头脑进行分析、归纳、整理，然后再运用你的书面语言表达出来吧。 第二，初读原文，整体把握。 平常阅读课本，文前有提示，文中有注释，文后有思考练习题，这些都与我们准确理解课文，提供了很多有效信息。阅读质量的高低，取决于捕捉信息的多少，你可以通过朗读、默读等不同形式的读来完成。也可以反复推敲，亦或遇到疑难，也可以查阅资料或向别人请教而不受时间限制，直到把文章完全吃透为止。而考场上，你却没有如此多的手段，在有限的时间内，必须阅读完文章，并马上做题。要想理解透，运用好信息，难度可想而知。试卷选文虽不及平时学习的课文提供的信息多，但也提供了许多不可忽视的有用信息。比如做题时可以先看文章的题目，写作时间和文后注释等。此时要特别浏览一下后面出了哪些问题，从问题的内容里，可以揣度出文章大概主旨是什么。同时，要明确作者的写作意图，然后再整体把握全文，以期对解题做到心中有数。此时，你不妨这样做：（一）把握中心 中心思想非常重要，文章不论长短，都有一定创作目的，都有一个中心，这一点不容置疑。又怎样才能把握中心呢？看题目，往往题目起到了画龙点睛的作用。还要注意关键段、关键句、关键词，在你认为那些点明主旨的地方做上记号。重点词语特别重要，往往是出题的题眼，也和中心紧密相连。可以这样说，只要把握了中心，就算成功了一半。因为出题人设计的很多题目，都是围绕中心展开的，同样，答题也要紧扣中心来答。 （二）理清思路，掌握文章基本内容 看完一篇文章，我们至少应该知道它主要写了一件什么事，或者告诉我们一个什么道理。读到前面的，要想到后面的，知道了起因要想到后果，每走一步都带着问题。假若换个角度，让你来写这篇文章，你会怎样构思，怎样谋篇布局，怎样下笔等。如果你的猜测和作者思路相同或者相吻合，你会有一种不可名状的愉悦，从而使你消除了考场上的一切负面心理作用。这样，既做到了胸有成竹，又把文章行文线索、`思路等一系列问题都装到了你的脑子里，做到了整体把握。此刻，最起码你也该掌握了文中的大多数信息，甚至你已经会复述原文了 第三，再读原文，把握“三个意图”。 首先，把握好作者的创作意图。不论何种文体的文章，都有一定的创作意图，作者写这篇文章的目的是什么必须弄清楚。这一点，如果养成良好的读
为提高办学品质，打造特色学校，营造“书香校园”，走内涵发展之路，我校开展了以“全员诵读海量阅读”为主题的阅读工作，现总结汇报如下： 一、营造氛围优化阅读环境 为积极营造以人为本的育人环境，我校加大资金投入从五个方面优化阅读环境，营造浓厚的阅读氛围，让师生融入浓浓的书香氛围中。 1.营造班级阅读环境。建立班级图书角35个，及时更新适合孩子阅读的书籍。加强班级“悦读”主题文化建设，手抄报、读书体会、好书推荐、名言警句、个人读书照片等等应有尽有，精彩纷呈，每月更换。 2.营造教师办公室阅读环境。教师办公室里增设书柜、报刊架，针对性摆放书籍，方便教师随时阅读。 3.营造楼道阅读环境。教学楼过道因地制宜设立开放阅读区，孩子们在课余时间随时阅读自己喜欢的书籍。并在楼道内布置了新书推荐、读书方法、名人读书故事等内容的版面，营造了阅读氛围。 4.营造图书阅览室环境。改扩建图书阅览室100余平米，增加书架14个，书桌18套。美化墙壁，布置展板，摆放盆景花卉，环境优雅，温馨贴心，使孩子们静心畅游书海。 5.营造校园阅读环境。在校园突出位置温馨提示“今天你读书了吗？增设四块好书推荐、我爱读书、我会读书、读书名人名言主题板报，激发师生读书欲望。 二、强化保障培养读书习惯 2017年是我校的“读书习惯养成年”。围绕年度目标，成立了以校长为组长的“创建书香校园”活动领导小组，统一思想，加强领导，责任到人，强化物质保障、制度保障、时间保障。 1.制度保证 制定、完善了《新建小学阅读十三五规划》《2017年年度阅读行动规划》《2017年阅读考核评价办法》《阅读先进工作者、书香班级、书香少年评选方案》等，规定小学六年，每个孩子至少背诵2000首古诗，阅读90本书；教师每学期至少读两本教育教学类书籍或经典名著，读学生书目两本。 2、物质保障 为满足师生读书要求，上学年投资7万元新增图书5000余册，开放图书阅览室，延长服务时间，保证师生能读到适合自己的书籍，免费为师生设计、定制阅读笔记本，培养学生做读书笔记的号习惯。 3、时间保障 晨诵20分钟、课前2分钟诵读、路队诵读5分钟、课间操后诵读2分钟，每天下午最后一节课师生共读40分钟、每天晚上亲子共读30分钟、假期每天阅读1小时以上。学校领导和教导处专人检查量化，检查结果及时公布并计入绩效考核。 三、纳入课程构建“悦读”课程体系 构建了“悦”读课程体系，真正让学生“少做题，多读书，好读书，读好书，读整本的书”，努力打造“书香校园”。 1.每天一节自主阅读课（每天下午最后一节课）。 教师提前阅读学生阅读的书目，预设完全阅读这些书需要几个课时，每节课阅读的量（从哪一篇到哪一篇，从多少页到多少页）。 学生采用默读的方法，一、二年级要读一至二个故事或文章；三、四年级不少于10页；五、六年级不少于15页，积累生字新词、好句好段（摘录在积累本上）；大致把握文章的主要内容；养成边读边想边做批注的好习惯，简单批注“精彩句段”“我的感想”“我的收获”“我的疑问”等。教师在课堂上静静地和孩子一起读书、批画、谈体会。
小说阅读（四）——分析环境描写的作用 【预习案】 考点透视： 社会环境：狭义社会环境是指能反映社会、时代特征的建筑、场所、陈设等景物以及民俗民风等；广义社会环境是指一定的历史时期的社会生活、人际关系的总和。 社会环境描写的主要作用：交代人物的生存环境、社会关系、交代作品的时代背景等。 自然环境是指自然界的景物，如季节变化、风霜雨雪、山川湖海、森林原野等，自然环境描写又称为景物描写。 自然景物描写的主要作用：渲染故事气氛,烘托人物形象,推动情节发展, 暗示社会环境,深化作品主题 典型题例： 阅读《核按钮》116页《晚秋》，思考小说开头划线部分的景物描写的主要作用，消化参考答案。 【探究案】 活着余华 我遇到那位名叫福贵的老人时，是夏天刚刚来到的季节。 那天午后，我走到了一棵有着茂盛树叶的树下，看到近旁田里一个老人和一头老牛。这位老人后来和我一起坐在了那棵茂盛的树下，在那个充满阳光的下午，他向我讲述了自己。 这辈子想起来也是很快就过来了，过得平平常常，我爹指望我光耀祖宗，他算是看错人了。我啊，年轻时靠着祖上留下的钱风光了一阵子，往后就越过越落魄了，可寿命长，我认识的人一个挨着一个死去，我还活着。 孙子死后第二年，我买牛的钱凑够了，看看自己还得活几年，我觉得牛还是要买的。牛是半个人，它能替我干活，闲下来时我也有个伴，心里闷了就和它说说话。牵着它去水边吃草，就跟拉着个孩子似的。 买牛那天，我把钱揣在怀里走着去新丰，那里是个很大的牛市场。路过邻近一个村庄时，看到晒场上转着一群人，走过去看看，就看到了这头牛，它趴在地上，歪着脑袋吧哒吧哒掉眼泪，旁边一个赤膊男人蹲在地上霍霍地磨着牛刀，围着的人在说牛刀从什么地方刺进去最好。我看到这头老牛哭得那么伤心，心里怪难受的。想想做牛真是可怜。累死累活替人干了一辈子，老了，力气小了，就要被人宰了吃掉。 我不忍心看它被宰掉，便离开晒场继续往新丰去。走着走着心里总放不下这头牛，它知道自己要死了，脑袋底下都有一滩眼泪了。 我越走心里越是定不下来，后来一想，干脆把它买下来。 我赶紧往回走，走到晒场那里，他们已经绑住了牛脚，我挤上去对那个磨刀的男人说：“行行好，把这头牛卖给我吧。” 赤膊男人手指试着刀锋，看了我好一会才问：“你说什么？”我说：“我要买这牛。” 他咧开嘴嘻嘻笑了，旁边的人也哄地笑起来，我知道他们都在笑我，我从怀里抽出钱放到他手里，说：“你数一数。”赤膊男人马上傻了，他把我看了又看，还搔搔脖子，问我：“你当真要买。” 我什么话也不去说，蹲下(禁止)子把牛脚上的绳子解了，站起来后拍拍牛的脑袋，这牛还真聪明，知道自己不死了，一下子站起来，也不掉眼泪了。我拉住缰绳对那个男人说：“你数数钱。” 那人把钱举到眼前像是看看有多厚，看完他说：“不数了，你拉走吧。” 我便拉着牛走去，他们在后面乱哄哄地笑，我听到那个男人说：“今天合算，今天合算。” 牛是通人性的，我拉着它往回走时，它知道是我救了它的命，身体老往我身上靠，亲热得很，我对它说：“你呀，先别这么高兴，我拉你回去是要你干活，不是把你当爹来养着的。” 我拉着牛回到村里，村里人全围上来看热闹，他们都说我老糊涂了，买了这么一头老牛回来，有个人说：“福贵，我看它年纪比你爹还大。” 会看牛的告诉我，说它最多只能活两年三年的，我想两三年足够了，我自己恐怕还活不到这么久。谁知道我们都活到了今天，村里人又惊又奇，就是前两天，还有人说我们是“两个老不死”。 牛到了家，也是我家里的成员了，该给它取个名字，想来想去还是觉得叫它福贵好。定下来叫它福贵，我左看右看都觉得它像我，心里美滋滋的，后来村里人也开始说像，我嘿嘿笑。 福贵是好样的，有时候嘛，也要偷偷懒，可人也常常偷懒，就不要说是牛了。我知道什么时候该让它干活，
如何指导小学生做好阅读理解的习题 这次批改三年级考试试卷的时候，发现不少小学生在做阅读理解题目的时候，往往不知从何处入手，漏题，错题，偏题比比皆是，失分现象很严重，那么如何提高小学生解答阅读理解的正确率呢？下面我就做阅读理解的解题方法向你们作个具体介绍，相信你们读后一定会有茅塞顿开的。 一、阅读是关键 一般来说，学生做阅读理解时有两种情况，有人习惯先看阅读材料再看题，有人习惯再看题，再返回来看阅读材料，这两种都是找到答案的途径，但就我对学生做阅读理解题情况的了解，一般来说，我认为先看阅读材料比较好，因为仔细研读阅读材料，整体感知阅读材料内容，这是解答阅读题的至为关键的第一步。研读阅读原文，整体感知原文是因为所有阅读理解习题的答案都是显现或隐藏在原文之中的。这是解答阅读题的一个总原则。如果有了这样清醒的意识，那么在解答问题时就不会担心找不到答案了。 反之，你先看题目，再去阅读材料，做题目就会受到先入为主，只见树木不见森林，不能全局上把握这个材料，尤其对一些要求你正确理解和判断全文意思的题，就更容易受到消极的影响。 因此阅读是解题关键的第一步，这一步不可忽视，更不能省去。读懂原文，则事半功倍，反之，则会出现答偏、答漏、答反、答错的现象。阅读完语段，要能明确主题及作者的爱憎感情；对文中的语句只有在整体感知、领会文章立意、把握文章要领的基础上，才可能准确解答。
二、抓重点词句的解读 试卷中经常会有对文中关键词语意思或找近义词、反义词的题目，我们一般要从该词字面和上下文相结合，来准确解答。 当出现对关键句子在文中作用的分析时候，可从两个方面来思考，第一是结构方面，第二是内容表达方式方面。从结构方面，要明确句子所处位置不同，其作用也往往不相同。比如，一般说关键语句处在文章的开头，常常具有总领全文、引出下文的作用。处在文章或段落的中间，则是或强调突出，或呼应上文、或承上启下，处在文章的结尾，往往有点题、照应开头、深化主题等作用。从内容表达方式方面，句子若是使用了修辞手法，可从修辞手法的作用方面来解答，比如采用比喻、拟人的句子是为了使文章生动形象，采用反复的修辞手法的句子是为了强调，采用排比修辞手法的句子是为了增强文章气势等。 当试卷中出现写阅读原文感受或启示的题目时，我们应该能根据自己的阅读感受，再结合原文的题目或关键句子写出自己的真情实感。 三、循序渐进来解题 粗心和漏题是我们小学生解答阅读理解题目时经常犯的错误，因为阅读理解后面一般都有好几个子题目排列在一起，这时就需要我们耐心地去“咬文嚼字”，仔细审清题后，应按照试题的顺序一一来做答，这样不会漏题，还因为试题的安排，一般都是先易后难，先理解后感悟，因此，拿到试卷可以按试题的前后顺序去做。但遇到难题一时答不出来，千万不要停止不前，耗费时间，可以打个记号，等到全部完成试题后再回过头来逐一解决。
阅读方法指导 从书面获得信息的过程叫阅读。阅读是搜集处理信息、认识世界、发展思维、获得审美体验的重要途径。如果你的阅读仅从体会作者蕴含在字里行间的情感出发，那么这样的阅读，将是一种浅层次的阅读。如果你能在阅读时既探究作者的思想感情，又有意识地把自己的感情融入文章，你就能与文章对话，与作者沟通，因为你的阅读不仅是读文字，而是一种思想碰撞。阅读既能扩大知识面、活跃思维。陶冶情操，又能增强听说读写的能力。 词句的阅读 1.理解词义的方法 理解词义的方法很多，其中最基本的有以下两种： （1）借助字典和词典，联系上下文，弄清词语的意思。如：齐国人怎么这么没出息，干这种事？出息一词在现代汉语词典 中有四个义项：○1指发展前途或志气；○2长进；○3培养 使有出息；○4收益。根据具体语言环境这里的出息选第一 个意思. 结合句子或上下文，在语境中理解词义。 理解词义不能脱离语言环境，孤立的就词解词，应结合句子或联系上下文揣摩词义。如:科技人员废寝忘食，夜以继日地实验、攻关，经过两百多次的失败，世界上第一座大型高原制氧站建立了！” 句子的“废寝忘食”，从字面意思可理解为做事勤奋专心。但这样理解还远远不够，我们还应联系上下文来理解这词语。“废寝忘食”
在文中指科技人员夜以继日地为攻克世界级难题勤奋工作。 2.理解句子含义的方法。 所谓句子含义，指的是有些句子除了能够表达出字面所具有的意思之外，还在字里行间表达出更深刻的意思。 理解句子含义，主要包括： ○1体会作者的写作目的及所要表达的思想感情； ○2这句话所要说明和揭示的道理； ○3它与全文思想内容的关系； 这句话对表现中心思想的作用等。 理解句子含义，主要有以下几种方法 （1）结合时代背景。如：1905年，清政府任命詹天佑为总工程师，修筑从北京到张家口的铁路。消息一传出来，全国都轰动了， 大家说这一回咱们可争了一口气。为什么一个中国工程师在 自己国土上修铁路会引起这么大的反响呢？联系当时的时 代背景，就很容易理解了，当时中国饱受外国人的欺压，这 一次清政府敢于任命自己国家的工程师，而詹天佑敢于接受 这项艰巨的任务这就是为中国人争了一口气，所以全国都轰 动了。 （2）抓关键词语，理解句子含义。 有些句子抓住了关键词语，弄清这些词语的意思，句子的含义也就理解了。所谓词不离句，句不离词就是这个意思。如：老师暗示大家先不管他，开始上课。理解时我们抓住“暗示““暂时”
当雷云在天上轰响，六月的阵雨落下的时候，润湿的东风走过荒野，在竹林中吹着口笛，于是一群一群的花从无人知道的地方突然跑出来，在绿草上狂欢地跳着舞。 妈妈，我真的觉得那群花朵是在地下的学校里上学。 它们关了门做功课。如果它们想在散学以前出来游戏，它们的老师是要罚它们站壁角的。 雨一来，它们便放假了。 树枝在林中互相碰触着，绿叶在狂风里萧萧地响，雷云拍着大手。这时花孩子们便穿了紫的、黄的、白的衣裳，冲了出来。 你可知道，妈妈，它们的家是在天上，在星星所住的地方。 你没有看见它们怎样地急着要到那儿去么?你不知道它们为什么那样急急忙忙么? 我自然能够猜得出它们是对谁扬起手臂来，它们也有它们的妈妈，就像我有自己的妈妈一样。 1.文中说花“在绿草上狂欢地跳着舞”，这符合实际吗?为什么?(不超过10个字。) ____________________________________________ 2.“地下的学校”的含义是什么?(不超过15个字。) ____________________________________________ 3.“雷云拍着大手”既指(表层意思)________，又指(深层意思) ________________。 4.为什么说“雨一来，它们便放假了”? ____________________________________________ 5.对下列例句运用的修辞方法分析正确的一项是例句：它们也有它们的妈妈，就像我有我自己的妈妈一样。 [ ] A.比喻 B.比喻、拟人 C.拟人 D.夸张
6.花孩子们在天上的家是怎样的一个家?请通过想像加以描述。 ____________________________________________________ 答案 1.符合实际。因为作者明写花朵暗写风。 2.指地底下的学校。 3.自然界的电闪雷鸣，对花孩子们的热情。有了雨的滋润，花朵才能自由自在地开放。 5.c 6.那里是他们的天地，充满了欢乐和幸福。 当雷云在天上轰响，六月的阵雨落下的时候，润湿的东风走过荒野，在竹林中吹着口笛。 于是一群一群的花从无人知道的地方突然跑出来，在绿草上狂欢的跳着舞。 妈妈，我真的觉得那些花朵是在地下的学校里上学。 它们关了门做功课，如果他们想在放学以前出来游戏，他们的老师是要罚他们站墙角的。 雨一来，他们便放假了。 树枝在林中互相碰触着，绿叶在狂风里籁籁地着，雷云拍着大手，这时，花孩子们便穿了紫的，黄的，白的衣裳，冲了出来。 你可知道，妈妈，他们的家是在天上，在星星所住的地方。 你没有看见他们怎样的急着要到那儿去吗?你不知道他们为什么那样急急忙忙吗? 我自然能够猜得出他们是对谁扬起双臂来：他们也有他们的妈妈，就像我有我自己的妈妈—样。
高考小说阅读环境描写 高考小说阅读环境描写类题型规范答题技巧 无名的blog 小说中的环境包括自然环境和社会环境。自然环境：指自然界的景物，如季节变化、风霜雨雪、山川湖海、森林原野等，自然环境描写又称为景物描写。社会环境：狭义社会环境是指能反映社会、时代特征的建筑、场所、陈设等景物以及民俗民风等；广义社会环境是指一定的历史时期的社会生活、人际关系的总和。 从历年高考题来看，重点考查自然环境描写。具体考查内容有：1、环境描写的作用（意图）。2、环境描写的特点。3、环境描写的手法。4、环境描写的寓意。5、环境描写的赏析。通常以下列两种方式出现，一是描写手法和作用相结合，二是描写的环境特点和作用相结合。重点是分析环境描写的作用。
一、环境描写作用（意图）题 环境描写的作用，总体上可以从以下几个方面思考：1、环境本身：①交代故事发生的时间、地点、背景；②暗示社会环境；③营造氛围，渲染气氛，奠定基调。2、人物方面：①烘托心情；②表现身份、地位、性格等；③暗示命运。3、情节方面：①暗示或推动情节的发展；②为后面情节的发展作铺垫或制造悬念；③作为情节发展的线索。4、主题方面：①表达、寄托、暗示、揭示主题；②丰富、深化主旨。 答题常用术语： 1、社会环境的作用：（1）交待故事发生的时代背景；（2）交待人物活动及其成长的时代背景；（3）揭示社会关系；（4）交待人物身份，表现（影响、决定）人物性格；（5）提示社会本质，提示主题。 2、自然环境的作用：（1）突出季节特征；（2）表现地域风光；（3）交代故事发生的时间、地点、背景；（4）渲染、营造、烘托氛围或气氛；（5）增加或缓和紧张的氛围；（6）奠
培养孩子好阅读习惯的5个方法 “读书破万卷”，从小养成孩子爱读书的好习惯不但可以丰富孩子课外知识，一本好书还能教会孩子如何做人，培养孩子正确的德行，那么如何培养孩子对读书的兴趣昵？首先，家长要舍得购书、藏书，构建书香家庭，培养主动读书的意识。要努力让读书成为孩子的第一需要。只要家长有意识地培养孩子的读书习惯，孩子就会热爱读书，把读书当成一种享受。 一、带孩子进书店 俗话说得好：“常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋”，那么“常在书店逛，哪有不沾书香”。带孩子进书店，让孩子徜佯在书的海洋中，通过书店的环境感受读书的气氛。在书店里看书的孩子也很多，或坐或趴，都在翻看着自己喜爱的书籍。书店就像一个“气场”，孩子去的次数多了，也就产生了“效应”。 书店里各种各样的图书齐全，有许多书一定是孩子们喜欢读的。在这里，不用教他们，他们自己就会翻开来读，这对吸引孩子对书产生兴趣非常有帮助。孩子在书店也许能发现自己喜欢的书，这些书可能不在父母的选择之列。孩子们可以通过自己购买喜欢的书，体验到购书带给他们的乐趣，从而对书产生兴趣。 最初去书店，可跟着孩子，观察孩子在看哪些书，必要的时候给予一些引导。以后，家长和孩子—进书店就“分道扬镳”各看各的书去了。 对于孩子选择的书籍，给他充分的自由度。在孩子还没真正喜欢上阅读的时候，首要的任务应是想方设法激发他们的阅读兴趣、保护他们刚刚萌发的阅读兴
趣，而不是用应该读什么、不应该读什么、什么书读了要没收，这样的“禁令”来扼杀他们的阅读兴趣。 凡是书店里的书，只要孩子乐意看，就让他尽情地看，基本上不干涉。至于买书，则可给孩子立一条规矩：漫画书可以在书店看，但不买。理由是漫画书字少，一本书有时不到半小时就看完了，买了划不来。其余的书，只要孩子喜欢就买。 二、与孩子同读书 无论自己的工作有多忙碌，每天都应当抽出一些时间与孩子共同阅读，分享名家经典，这对家长自身来说，是一种情操的陶冶，对孩子来说，更是一种无声的教育，有利于学生在品书的过程中心灵得到滋润，得到净化，更有利于亲子双方在文化修养上的共同提升。 让书香弥漫家庭，让家长成为孩子读书的榜样。父母和孩子一起读书的时刻也是家庭生活中很幸福的时刻，父母亲和孩子一起读各种各样的书，增强了彼此的交流，加深了彼此的感情，对父母，对孩子，对家庭都是一种陕乐。书滋润着两代人的心田，也必然能提升了两代人的素质。 因此，每天需有固定的读书时间。在这一段时间内，大家都在读书，雷打不动，如果有事情错过了，也一定要补上。经过一段时间的强化和训练，固定时间内读书，就成了一种习惯，和洗脸、刷牙、吃饭、睡觉一样，成为一种需要后，想不让孩子读书，都难了。 三、读书给孩子听
五年级下册语文课外阅读训练 第一讲理解句子的含义 课前热身：1.看图猜成语 —————————— —————————2.成语接龙 胸有成竹——竹报平安—— 第二讲理解句子的含义 导读： 对句子的阅读与理解，贯穿整个小学语文学习的始终，是理解文章的着眼点和落脚点，也是理解段、篇的基础。重点句子是指在文章的思想内容和表达形式等方面起重要作用的关键性语句，比如中心句、细节描写句、过渡句等。 知识学习：
一、常见题型 1、联系上下文，谈谈你对这句话含义的理解。 2、这个句子在文中有什么作用？ 二．答题步骤 1.读懂字面义，给句子换一种说法。 2.找出关键词，解释关键词的含义。 3.分析句子的表达（如修辞）或结构（如承上启下）上的作用。 4.结合文章的中心，写出句子要表达的情感或结构上的作用。 三．答题技法 （一）理解句子的含义，可以从以下几方面来思考： 1.体会作者的写作目的及所要表达的思想感情； 2.这句话所要说明或揭示的道理。 3.它与全文中心思想的联系。 4.这句话对表现中心思想的作用等。理解句子结构上的作用，主要包括：总起全文、承上启下、篇末点题。（二）方法与技巧 1.结合时代背景来理解 例子：1905年，清政府任命詹天佑为总工程师，修筑从北京到张家口的铁路。消息一传出来，全国轰动，大家说这一回咱们可争了一口气。
（这句话充分表明了当时中国人民扬眉吐气的心情和国人对詹天佑的希望。） 2.抓关键词来理解 例子：老师暗示大家暂时别管卡罗纳，开始上课。（理解这句话的含义，我们要抓住“暗示”、“暂时”两个词，从中我们可以体会到这是老师对卡罗纳此时心情的一种理解和感情上的尊重，这不是不管中的管，体现了老师无言的爱。） 3.联系上下文来理解 例子：甲：电话响了。 乙：我在做饭。 甲：好吧。 （联系上下文，这三句话就是连贯的。甲的意思是要乙去接电话，乙的意思是在做饭不方便接，要甲去接。） 4.思考言外之意 例子：她俩在光明和快乐中飞走了，越飞越高，飞到那没有寒冷，没有饥饿，也没有痛苦的地方去了。（这句话并不是说她们真的得到了幸福和快乐，而是说这种快乐和幸福只有到另一个世界才能实现。） 例题解析： 1.无言的父爱
如何更好阅读的读书名言（57条） 一、我爱书。我常常站在书架前，这时我觉得我面前展开了一个广阔的世界，一个浩瀚的海洋，一个苍茫的宇宙。——刘白羽 二、读书勿求多，岁月既积，卷帙自富。——（清）冯班 三、读书对于智慧，也象体操对于身体一样。——爱迪生 四、在读书上，数量并不列于首要，重要的是书的品质与所引起的思索的程度。——富兰克林 五、读书是易事，思索是难事，但两者缺便全无用处。——富兰克林 六、用心念书，是为了避免成为不中用的人。——纪伯伦 七、少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。——《汉乐府·长歌行》 八、省事是清心之法，读书是省事之法。——曾国藩 九、书卷多情似故人，晨昏忧乐每相亲。——于谦 十、读书之法无他，惟是笃志虚心，反复详玩，为有功耳。——朱熹 十一、学而不厌，诲人不倦。——孔丘 十二、书籍是最有耐心、最能忍耐和最令人愉快的伙伴。在任何艰难困苦的时刻，它都不会抛弃你。——赫尔岑 十三、读书而不回想，犹如食物而不消化。——伯克 十四、立志是读书人最要紧的一件事。——孙中山 十五、读书是在别人思想的帮助下，建立起自己的思想。——
鲁巴金 十六、把学问过于用作装饰是虚假；完全依学问上的规则断事是书生的怪癖。——培根 十七、人的影响短暂而微弱，书的影响则广泛而深远。——普希金 十八、读万卷书，行万里路。——刘彝 十九、日出照亮大地，读书清醒头脑。——（蒙古）谚语 二十、黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟。——颜真卿 二十一、书到用时方恨少，事非经过不知难。——陆游 二十二、读书有三到，谓心到，眼到，口到——朱熹 二十三、为学之道，莫先于穷理；穷理之要，必先于读书。——朱熹 二十四、韬略终须建新国，奋发还得读良书。——郭沫若 二十五、读不在三更五鼓，功只怕一曝十寒。——郭沫若 二十六、欲速是读书第一大病，功夫中在绵密不间断，不在不速也。——陆珑 二十七、信算命，信风水，皆妄念所致。读书明理人以义命自安，便不信也。——曾国藩 二十八、读书也像开矿一样“沙里淘金”。——赵树理 二十九、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉。——库法耶夫 三十、读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足。——培根三十一、旦旦而学之，久而不怠焉，迄乎成。——（清）彭瑞淑
(一)理解含义深刻的句子意思 姓名： ( 着周总理的灵车将要开来的方向。一位满头银发的老奶奶拄着拐杖，背靠着一棵洋槐树，焦急而又耐心地等待着。一对青年夫妇，丈夫抱着小女儿，妻子领着六七岁的儿子，他们挤下了人行道，探着身子张望。一群泪痕满面的红领巾，相互扶着肩，踮着脚望着，望着…… １人多，说明首都各界群众对周总理无限崇敬和沉痛悼念。 ２“焦急”，是盼望能早一点看到总理的灵车；“耐心”，是说不管要等多久，也一定要看到总理的灵车。突出了人民对周总理的热爱和怀念。 (２)派克钢笔 有位美国记者，总想挑衅。有一次看到周总理的上衣口袋里插着一支美国制造的钢笔时，便当着许多外国记者的面问道：“敬爱的总理阁下，你们一向（提倡提供）自力更生，为什么你口袋里插着我们美国造的钢笔呢？”此问一出，众人都（注视凝视）着总理，有的竟替他捏了把汗。总理笑容满面，不紧不慢地抽出那支派克笔，说：“这笔的确是地道的美国货。”那位美国记者好不得意，周总理接着说：“不过我要告诉大家的是，这笔是我英雄的人民志愿军在抗美援朝的战场上缴获的战利品，我挂在这儿留个纪念。”话音刚落，笑声四起，那位美国记者碰了一鼻子灰，灰溜溜地逃走了。 1. 划去括号里不恰当的词语。 2. 写出画线句子的含义。 这支笔的由来，让中国人民永远记得：在朝鲜战场上，中国人民胜利了，美国侵略者失败了。 (３) 给予的故事 这是一个使人回味再三的故事。 “从前有个人，在沙漠中迷失了方向，饥渴难忍，濒临死亡。可他仍然拖着（沉重艰难）的脚步，一步一步地向前走，终于找到了一间废弃的小屋。这屋子已久无人住，风吹日晒，摇摇欲坠。在屋前，他发现了一个吸水器，于是便用力抽水，可滴水全无。他气恼至极。忽又发现旁边有一个水壶，壶口被木塞塞住，壶上有一张纸条，上面写着：你要先把这壶水灌到吸水器中，然后才能打水。但是，在你走之前一定要把水壶装满。他小心翼翼地打开水壶塞，里面果然有一壶水。” 这个人面临着艰难的（抉择选择），是不是该按纸条上所说的，把这壶水倒进吸水器里？如果倒进去之后吸水器不出水，岂不白白浪费了这救命之水？相反，要是把这壶水喝下去就会保住自己的生命。一种奇妙的灵感给了他力量，他下决心照纸条上说的做，果然吸水器中涌出了泉水。他痛痛快快地喝了个够！休息一会，他把水壶装满水，塞上壶塞，在纸条上加上了几句话：‘请相信我，纸条上的话是真的，你只有把生死置之度外，才能尝到甘美的泉水。’” 看了这个故事，我仿佛变得聪明起来，变得豁达起来。故事中所（蕴含包含）的哲理，可使我终身受用。 （一）划去括号里不恰当的词。
学校阅读工作总结汇报 为提高办学品质，打造特色学校，营造“书香校园”，走内涵发展之路，我校开展了以“全员诵读海量阅读”为主题的阅读工作，现总结汇报如下： 一、营造氛围优化阅读环境为积极营造以人为本的育人环境，我校加大资金投入从五个方面优化阅读环境，营造浓厚的阅读氛围，让师生融入浓浓的书香氛围中。 1.营造班级阅读环境。建立班级图书角35个，及时更新适合孩子阅读的书籍。加强班级“悦读”主题文化建设，手抄报、读书体会、好书推荐、名言警句、个人读书照片等等应有尽有，精彩纷呈，每月更换。 2.营造教师办公室阅读环境。教师办公室里增设书柜、报刊架，针对性摆放书籍，方便教师随时阅读。 3.营造楼道阅读环境。教学楼过道因地制宜设立开放阅读区，孩子们在课余时间随时阅读自己喜欢的书籍。并在楼道内布置了新书推荐、读书方法、名人读书故事等内容的版面，营造了阅读氛围。 4.营造图书阅览室环境。改扩建图书阅览室100余平米，增加书架14个，书桌18套。美化墙壁，布置展板，摆放盆景花卉，环境优雅，温馨贴心，使孩子们静心畅游书海。 5.营造校园阅读环境。在校园突出位置温馨提示“今天你读书了吗？增设四块好书推荐、我爱读书、我会读书、读书名人名言主题板报，激发师生读书欲望。 二、强化保障培养读书习惯2020年是我校的“读书习惯养成年”。围绕年度目标，成立了以校长为组长的“创建书香校园”活动领导小组，统一思想，加强领导，责任到人，强
化物质保障、制度保障、时间保障。 1.制度保证制定、完善了《新建小学阅读十三五规划》《2020年年度阅读行动规划》《2020年阅读考核评价办法》《阅读先进工作者、书香班级、书香少年评选方案》等，规定小学六年，每个孩子至少背诵2000首古诗，阅读90本书；教师每学期至少读两本教育教学类书籍或经典名著，读学生书目两本。 2、物质保障为满足师生读书要求，上学年投资7万元新增图书5000余册，开放图书阅览室，延长服务时间，保证师生能读到适合自己的书籍，免费为师生设计、定制阅读笔记本，培养学生做读书笔记的号习惯。 3、时间保障晨诵20分钟、课前2分钟诵读、路队诵读5分钟、课间操后诵读2分钟，每天下午最后一节课师生共读40分钟、每天晚上亲子共读30分钟、假期每天阅读1小时以上。学校领导和教导处专人检查量化，检查结果及时公布并计入绩效考核。 三、纳入课程构建“悦读”课程体系构建了“悦”读课程体系，真正让学生“少做题，多读书，好读书，读好书，读整本的书”，努力打造“书香校园”。 1.每天一节自主阅读课（每天下午最后一节课）。教师提前阅读学生阅读的书目，预设完全阅读这些书需要几个课时，每节课阅读的量（从哪一篇到哪一篇，从多少页到多少页）。学生采用默读的方法， 一、二年级要读一至二个故事或文章； 三、四年级不少于10页； 五、六年级不少于15页，积累生字新词、好句好段（摘录在积累本上）；大致把握文章的主要内容；养成边读边想边
怎样上好阅读课 “书是读懂的，而不是教师讲懂的。”叶圣陶先生的这句话道出了学生阅读的重要性。阅读教学是语文教学的关键，怎样上好阅读课，是我们语文教师长期探讨的一个问题。阅读教学是语文教学的主要内容之一，它在整个语文教学中起着很重要的作用。新课标在目标定位中强调指出：“具有独立阅读的能力，注重情感体验，有较丰富的积累，形成良好的语感。”可是语文教学中普遍存在的现象是“三少一多”，即课堂上学生读的时间少，有目的、有针对性的读书更少，课堂上思考问题少，教师讲得多，满堂灌的现象屡见不鲜。不少教师将本属于学生的时间过多的用于讲解分析课文，而忽视了应让学生充分阅读。由于学生读不到位，对课文的感知肤浅，不能深刻地理解课文内容和体会文章思想，难以受到文章所蕴含的情感熏陶，在语言上也得不到应有的训练。如何改变这种状况?教师应该在“读”上下功夫。 一、给学生足够的阅读时间 书读百遍，其义自见。《语文课程标准》指出：“阅读是学生的个性化行为，不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践。应让学生在主动积极的思维和情感活动中，加深理解和体验，有所感悟和思考，受到情感熏陶，获得思想启迪，享受审美乐趣。要珍视学生独特的华考感受、体验和理解。”因此，教师应树立这样的思想——课文要靠学生自己去读懂，阅读课中要有琅琅的读书声，给学生足够的阅读时间，让学生在读书求知、读中求智、读中悟道。
二、加强指导朗读、默读 朗读是最经常、最重要的阅读训练，也是理解课文内容、体会思想感情、培养语感的基本途径，应让学生在自主的读书中学习、思考，读中理解内容，体悟情感、增强语感。 默读比朗读的速度快，更利于训练思维，要培养学生一边默读，一边思考的习惯。教学中要给学生充分的时间来默读，循序渐进地提高默读要求，把训练落在实处，不能急于求成或流于形式。 三、培养学生正确的阅读方法 阅读方法的掌握是提高学生阅读水平的关键。阅读时应做到眼到、口到、耳到、手到、心到，提示阅读思路，用圈点、勾画、批注等方法，读、思、记课文中需重点领悟的部分。 四、尊重学生的理解和独特体验。 在理解内容、体会思想感情的教学中，要强调学生的自主学习意识，让学生自主完成学习过程，通过自悟自得或交流讨论得出结论。尊重学生的理解和独特体验，允许学生有其他合理的选择。在阅读教学中，还要处理好正确的阅读导向和个性化解读的关系，使学生既学习阅读，又学习做人。
惜春小札 李国文 春天是不知不觉来的，她走的时候，也是悄没声儿地离去。既不像秋天落下那么多的黄叶，“无边落木萧萧下”，造下满天声势；也不像冬天，一阵烂雪，一阵冻雨。 典型的春天，应该在长江以南度过。没有阴霾的天气、泥泞的道路、苍绿的苔痕、淅沥的雨声，能叫春天吗？没有随后的无淡风轻、煦阳照人、莺歌燕舞、花团锦簇，能叫春天吗？只有在雨丝风缕、春色迷人的江南，在秧田返青、菜花黄遍的水乡，在牡童短笛、渔歌唱晚的情景之中，那才是杜牧脍炙人口的《清明》诗中的缠绵的春天、撩人的春天。 然而，在北方，严格意义的一年四季，春天，是最不明显的，或许也可以说并不存在的。“五九六九，沿河插柳”，这是地气已经转暖的南方写照。“七九河开，八九雁来”，而在北方，河里的冰，才刚刚解冻。等到它完全融化的日子，春天也差不多过去大半了。 春天里有未褪尽的冬天，这不是什么稀奇的事,人们管这种天气现象叫做“倒春寒”。于是，本来不典型、不明显的春天，又被冷风苦雨的肃杀景象笼罩。 北京的颐和园里，有一座知春亭。但知春亭是否“知春”呢？好像也未必。通常都是到了“桃花吹尽，佳人何在，门掩残红”的那一会，才在昆明湖的绿水上垂下几许可怜巴巴的柳枝，令北京人兴奋雀跃不已，大呼春天来了，其实，“归来笑拈梅花嗅，春在枝头已十分”。 承德的避暑山庄里，有一幢烟雨楼。不过名为烟雨楼，但至少在春天里，是没有烟雨的。“烟雨”二字，也只是一厢情愿罢了。在高寒地带，只在塞外的干燥风和蒙古吹过来的沙尘，决不会有那“雨横风狂三月暮，门掩黄昏，无计留春住”的烟雨葱茏的风景。 看来，北方的春天，就像朱自清那篇《踪迹》里写的那样，她“匆匆地来了，又匆匆地走了”。 因此，捉住春天，把握春天，然后，充分地享受春天。 虽然李商隐告诫过，“春心莫共花争发，一寸相思一寸灰”，但春天，是唤醒心灵的季节，是情感萌发的季节，也是思绪涌动的季节，更是人的生命力勃兴旺盛的季节。 人的生物钟，如果能够耳闻的话，可以相信，在这个季节里，响动的准是黄钟大吕之音、振聋发聩之声。甚至血管里跳动着的激流，也会蕴含着前所未有力量。此时此刻，若是去爱，一定是炽热生死的爱；若是去恨，一定是刻骨的恨。若是去追求，去拼搏，去干一番事业，你会从你的身体里，获得超能量的“爆破力”。这种“神来之力”就是人类的春天效应。 人的一生，何尝不如此呢？也有其春华秋实的生命过程。那么青春年少的日子，也就是最美好的春天了。然而，一生中的这个春天，似乎比北方真正的春天还要短促得多。 人，有各式各样的活法，这是每个人的选择。无论怎样的一生，你千万要珍惜你生命中属于春天的那一瞬即逝的岁月。因为，青春只有一次，一去便不复返。使你的青春放出光华，享受青春的美，那才是生命最大的欢乐。 (选自《中华美文》，有改动) 简要分析文中画线句子的表达效果。(3分) 此时此刻，若是去爱，一定是炽热生死的爱；若是去恨，一定是刻骨的恨。若是
“振兴阅读”活动阶段性小结 墩尚中心小学 我校结合自身实际情况逐步推动振兴阅读活动。 首先，在全校开设两周一节的课外阅读课，其中，低年级为科学认读活动课，中高年级为阅读课。学校不定期的对阅读课落实情况进行检查。为了保证学生有课外书读，在校长的支持下，为各个教室配备了图书柜，动员学生每人带2~3本课外书布置书柜。以方便平时同学间的借阅。有的班带的书多，有的班级带的书少，图书的流通量不够大。为此，学校将图书馆对学生开放。各班轮流组织学生集体去借阅图书。各个基地校的活动层出不穷，我们也组织教师外出观摩了一些有影响的大活动。开了眼界，拓展了思路，但再想想校情，只能望洋兴叹！我们的教师不指望别的，只要能保证学生真正将课外书读起来就满意了。除此之外，早读课有20分钟左右的时间进行课外阅读，下午写字课前的5分钟为古诗文诵读时间。 其次，学校开展了读书月活动。为了推动课外阅读活动的进展，我校在2006年4月开展了为期一个月的读书月活动。在活动中提出了五个一的要求，即“人人捐一本图书、人人读一本好书、人人写一篇征文、每班出一期黑板报、小组合作办一张读书小报”，学校将市教研室的推荐书目录通过家长会向家长作了推荐。活动结束后，在全校评选出了“读书状元”、“优秀读书小报”、“最佳黑板报”以及“优秀征文”。 另外，我们还积极参加市、区组织的各种课外阅读活动。在各种活动中，我们的确感到读书给学生带来的变化，原先全校有名的乱班，在老师的引导下，开展读书活动一年后，课间再也看不到学生哄闹的现象，就连原本“热闹”午休时间没有老师看管，他们也能抱本书认真的默读着，该班今年还被评为“墩尚小学优秀班集体”！ 当然，通过开展系列活动，我们感到，教师的积极性的高低、责任心的大小是课外阅读活动效果多少的关键因素。所以，能拥有一支优秀的师资队伍是学校、是孩子最大的幸福！
好读书阅读答案 好读书 ①因为你心灵饥渴，所以要读书。 ②读书是为了获取知识，这是最简单不过的道理。前辈们用智慧探寻大自然的奥秘，以文字作下了永久的记录，便有了（）；他们研究人类社会的发展史，探求规律，便有了（）；他们思考人与自然、社会之间的关系，便有了（）；他们用生动的形象，表达人类的故事，便有了（）。 ③读书，自然不能只局限于课本，走出课本读书，那才是真正意义上的读书，那才是真正惬意的事情。读书要有选择，只要有阅读兴趣，适合自己的年龄层次和品味的书，我们都可以找出来读。但读书并非一味看热闹，也不能因贪多而（多指大略地观察一下），囫囵吞枣。（）看了，（）一定要有自己的想法。一旦真正读懂了一本或几本书，你就能真正体味到读书的欢愉和乐此不疲，你的修养、素质也会在潜移默化中得到提升。 ④试想，在暖春的艳阳下，鸟儿鸣叫，百花飘香，你领略着自然的神奇，体味着人生的哲理，聆听着一位智慧老人的谆谆教导；在凉秋的灯下，（周围环境非常安静，一点儿声响都没有），你坐在桌前读书，无数鲜活的形象走到你
面前，与你交谈……这是多么惬意的事情。 ⑤读书诱发了人的思绪，使想象超越时空；读书丰富了人的思想，如接触大智慧的老人；读书开拓了人的精神世界，使人生更加美丽。 ⑥书给予人们的实在太多，谁可不读书？ 1、将下列词语填入第②自然段中。（文学书科学书哲学书历史书） 2、在文中第③自然段的括号里填写合适的关联词。 3、参照括号里的提示，在文中的横线上填上适当的成语。 4、联系上下文理解词语。乐此不疲：____________ 潜移默化：____________ 5、相传蜀汉大将军关羽写过《戒子书》，书中有这样一句话：“读书好，好读书，读好书。”读了短文后，再想想这句话中的三个分句各表达了什么意思？ （1）“读书好”的意思：___________________ （2）“好读书”的意思：___________________ （3）“读好书”的意思：___________________ 6、仔细阅读第⑤自然段中画横线的句子，仿照这样的写法，接下去再写一句。 读书_____________，_____________。 7、如果家长认为读课外书会影响学习，你该怎样和他