高中英语中的省略现象
甘肃省武威第七中学王忠文733006
省略，是英语中比较常见的一种语法现象，它是对句子中的一个或几个句子成分进行省略，以使得语句更加的简洁，概括，重点突出。那么，在高中的英语中有哪些常见的省略现象呢？下面，笔者从以下几个方面进行阐述。
1.虚拟语气中的省略
在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若句子中有were; had; should时，可以将if 省略，把were; had; should提前，构成倒装。
Eg: If you had come here on time ,you would not have missed the chance.
省略为Had you come here on time ,you would not have missed the chance. 2.名词性从句中的省略
在由一个坚持（insist），两个命令（order，command），三个建议（advise, suggest，propose），四个要求（ask, demand ,require, request,）引导的宾语从句以及这些动词的同源名词引导的同位语从句，主语或表语从句，都要采用虚拟语气，而从句中的谓语动词都为should + v, should 可以省略。
The teachers suggest that we (should) hand in homework on time .
3.状语从句中的省略
分词作状语的本质是状语从句的省略，是省略了主语及be 的相应变化形式的从句。
Eg:When (you are ) drinking to someone’s health , you raise your glass but do not touch .
4.定语从句中的省略
①关系代词的省略当先行词在从句中做宾语时，可以省略关系代词。
Eg: This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.
②非谓语动词作后置定语的本质是省略了关系代词及be 的相应变化形式的
定语从句，相反，定语从句的被动语态，将来时，进行时都可以转化为相对应的非谓语动词作后置定语。
Eg: The man (who is)talking to with my father is a police .
5.不定式to 的省略
五看（watch，notice，observe，see，look），三使（make, have，let），二听（hear, listen），半帮助（help 即：help sb （to）do ），后接动词为省略to的动词的原形。
They noticed a thief climb the fence .
6.not 和 so 的省略
so及not 常用在hope, believe, think, say, suppose等动词之后，代替上文内容，避免重复。
Eg：--Go with me and have a taste ,ok?
-- I hope so .But I have another important thing to do .
以上是对高中英语中存在的部分重点的省略现象的简单总结，以期对同学们的学习能起到抛砖引玉的作用。
高中英语语法之省略 英语中省略现象较为普遍，对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略，可分为以下几种情况： 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful. No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).
高考英语语法——省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。纵观历年高考试题,"省略"在单项填空中频频出现。 简单句中的省略 1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (I) See you tomorrow. (3) (It) Doesn’t matter. (4) (I) Beg your pardon. 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking . (2) (Is there) Anything wrong ? (3) (Will you) Have a smoke ? (4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? (5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ? 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have: (1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there). (2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). (3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be. (4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have. 4、省略表语 (1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty). (2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy). 5、同时省略几个成分 (1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. (2) –-Have you finished your work ? ---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 1、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance. 2、主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) –Is he coming back tonight? --I think so. (2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us. (3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not. (4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. (2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. (3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. 1、连词的that省略 (1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。
外教一对一https://www.doczj.com/doc/7d3436158.html, 英语语法中的省略现象 并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于 1959 年，傅彪出生于 1963 年。 其他一些省略结构 1.名词所有格修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如： We spent the weekend at the Mary's. 我们在玛丽家过的周末。 2.What 和 how 引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语 it 和 be 动词如： a) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom ! 这对 Tom 来说是个多么大的胜利呀! b) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child. 被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
省略句的基本情况总结 省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面： 1.为避免重复而进行的省略。 当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的词、短语出现时，其中的第一个须保留，其余的往往省略，以达到避免重复、使句子简练的目的。高考中尤其要注意的情况是：当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be时，往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一同省略。例如：He hurt himself while (he was) playing basketball.他在打篮球时受了伤。// He works very hard though (he is) still rather weak.他虽然身体还很虚弱，但他非常努力地工作。 2.语法上的省略。 有些成分的省略是出于语法上的原因——使表述更为简明，例如：He got up at six (o’clock).他六点钟起床。// He is twelve (years old).他十二岁。// I walked (for) ten miles.我走了十英里路。 3.习惯用法上的省略。 有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法，尤其是在口语中。例如，在问句中be常常省略，有时连主语一起省略：Very easy?很简单吗？// Feeling unwell? 感觉不舒服吗？ 又如以what, how或why开头的某些问句：What (happened) next?下面要发生什么？// Why not?为什么不？// Why so?为什么这样？ ［考题1］He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many ［答案］ C ［解析］下划线处之前的but决定了只能选择具有否定含义的选项C。题干中的“few good ones”为省略句形式，单独看起来不好理解，应联系上文理解为“He has made few good films.” 1. ____ and I’ll get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
详解高中英语中省略句的问题 莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。 一、省略的目的 省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的： A．避免重复，减少累赘。 省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。 Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。 -- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了)— What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么 —An apple. 一个苹果。（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然） B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。 John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑） In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。（in other places 后省略了主语和谓语we stopped for the night，上下文连接更加紧密） 省略： 回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较than后需省略。宾从表从that勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。 C．强调重点，突出信息。 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。 Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语speaks，突出了too loud） — Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗 — Not yet. 还没有呢。(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet ) 二、可省略的成分 省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在很多情况下，这两种省略存在着交*的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。 A．功能词的省略 功能词指的是没有完整意义，但有语法意义的词，如冠词、介词、助动词等。英语句子结构的简洁，首先表现在功能词的省略上。 1．冠词的省略 They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
英语语法省略句 省略句 1)不定式在love, mean, want, like, wish, expect, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem等动词后面 2)在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面。 1.---will you join us? --- I should love to(join you). 2.I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to(s ee the film). 3.--- Would you like to go with us? --- Yes, I’m glad to(go with you) 4.He doesn’t get up early as he used to. (get up) 注意: 如果不定式中含有be, have(助动词), have been, 通常保留be, have(助动词), have been. 1.--- Are you a sailor? --- No, but I used to be. 2.---He hasn’t finished yet. ---well, he ought to have. 1. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? —Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995) A. I have no time B. I'd rather not C. I‘d like it D. I'd be happy to 2. —Does your brother intend to study German? —Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
2019 小升初英语语法省略句知识点：空缺与增补 小升初英语语法省略句知识点：空缺与增补 两个主语不同的句子，谓语有相同部分，也有不同部分，如果用 连词连接起来实行对比，则其相同部分在后面分句中能够省略，这样，后 面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。“空缺” 处通常被省略的是动词， 或动词及其宾语、补足语等。汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的方法。例如： A sound must be heard ，a colour seen ，a flavour tasted ， an odour inhaled.，颜色必须目视，滋味必须口尝，气味必须鼻吸。( 后三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise；mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend. ；数学使人精细；逻辑和修辞 使人善辩。( 原文后两句省略make men) 注意 than 引出的比较从句中，套有 when引导的时间从句或 if 引导的条 件从句，而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则 比较从句的省略部分可省略不译。例如： My uncle is better than when I wrote to 我伯父的身体比我上 次给你去信时好些了(...than 后面省略了he was) 灵活使用 对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活，指的是按正常语法规则 分析，有的无法增补，有的要用不同的方式来增补，使之成为完全句。 所以，汉译英时，视上下文加以灵活处理。 1.“宾语 +主语 +谓语 and + 谓语”结构 其中 and 连接的，是用作不同成分的同一个词，这个词既是第一分 句的宾语，又是第二分句的主语。此结构的特点是，把宾语提到句
谈高考英语试题中“省略”的考查 对省略现象的考查已成为近年来英语高考试题中的常考点。因为省略这种语法手段既可避免重复，突出新的信息，又能使上下文更紧密地连接起来。这也正符合现代生活快节奏的需要。因此，在英语口语中，只要不损害结构和引起歧义，能省略的地方就尽可能省略。 但有时省略的成分，在句中占有相当的份量，能表达一定的信息，这无疑就增加了试题的难度。因此在解题时，除了应特别注意进行语境分析，从上文或上、下文中找出相关的省略成份外，还要对常用的省略知识有所了解，从而做到有的放矢，找出解题的突破口。下面就该问题作一分析。 一、复合句中的省略现象 复合句中的省略现象通常出现在状语从句中。 一）在含有比较结构的复合句中，常在as或than引导的分句中省略某些与主句相同的成分或省略在特定上下文或特定情景中某些不言而喻的成分；或整个as/than从句。如： 1.The pianos in the other shop will be______, but_____.(MET90) A.cheaper;not as better B.more cheap; not as better C.cheaper; not as good
D.more cheap; not as good 本题应选C。分别为cheaper than those in this shop 和theyare not as good as those in this s hop的省略。 2.John plays football________,if not better than, David.(NMET94) A.as well B.as well as C.so well D.so well as 本题应选B。根据上下文可看出if not better than 为if Johndoesn"t play football better than David(plays football) 的省略。那么，排除这个条件的话，John和David就踢得一样好了。 故要用副词well 的同级比较的肯定式。 3.How beautifully she sings! I"ve never heard _______ .(NMET96) A.the better voice B.a good voice C.the best voice D.a better voice 本题应选D。从整个语境来分析，后句中的比较状语从句than hers被省略掉了。故此题应选比较级。 二）如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语＋be＋分词结构，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be助动词，只保留分词和其它成分。如：
高中英语省略句讲练 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis） 种类例句说明 主语的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea. 有时也可省略整个句子的 主语和谓语，只保留次要 成分。 She was poor but (she was honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. 谓语的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset. 状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane, the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意状语从句中的主语同 主句主语的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street. --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成时， 省略时应保留have；不定 式后含有动词be的结构 时，也要保留be动词。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news, but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
省略句（elliptical sentences） 定义：省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，为了避免重复、突出新信息使上下文紧密连接的修辞手段。 省略的部分：单词、短语、分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断 一、哪些部分可以省略 （一）省略单词 1、省略介词 He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。 I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。 2、省略连词 I believe (that) you will succeed ．我相信你们会成功的。 It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。 I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。 3、省略关系代词 I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。 He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。 二、省略句子成分 1、省略主语 Beg your pardon. （我）请你原谅。（Beg 前省略了主语I ） Take care! 当心！（Take 前省略了主语you ） Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。（Looks 前省略了主语it ） 2、省略谓语 Who next? 该谁了？（Who 后面省略了谓语comes ） The river was deep and the ice thin. （ice 后面省略了was ） We ' ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（can 后面省略了动词do ） 3、省略表语 Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。（am 后面省略了ready ） He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports ） 4、省略宾语 Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash 和dry 后面省略了宾语dishes ） 5、省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest 后面省略了定语of the money ） 6、省略状语 He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（Strange 前面省略了状语how ） 1. 的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。如省略主语 （1）Looks like rain. （it） （2）Hope to hear from you soon. (I)
在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下： 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959 年，傅彪出生于1963 年。 二、主从复合句中的省略 1．状语从句中的省略 一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once 等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever 等引导的让步状语从句；由as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
英语中的省略现象 在英语中，有时为了言简意赅，突出关键词语；有时为了避免重复；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。英语的省略大致有以下几种情况： （一）口头和书面语中为了言简意赅进行省略。如： Glad to see you! (It’s glad to see you. 的省略，省略了主语和be动词) Lovely weather, isn’t it? (同样省略了主语和be动词) It’s such a warm day, why not go to swim in the river? (这种省略句比Why do you not go to swim in the river更地道。) 这种省略在使用时似乎需要一定的情景，也就是常和语境搭配。 How they are working! (他们工作多起劲啊！) Your pardon? = I beg your pardon. Who next? (Who comes next? 的省略，省略了谓语) 在现代英语中，为了言简意赅省略小品词是一种语法要求。如： The boss made his men work eighteen hours a day. 不定式中的to必须省略掉。但是，该结构如果变成被动语态，to又必须加上去。如： John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment. (1991年高考题) He spent three days doing the work. (动名词前的介词in通常省去) Excuse me (for) my poor hearing. (动名词前的介词for可省去) I think (that) physics is a difficult subject. (引导宾语从句的that 常省略) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. (定语从句中，关系代词作宾语常省略。) This is the reason (why) I did it. (定语从句中，关系副词why可省略。) 有时，这种省略在地道的英语中，句子表现得非常特别。如： Long time no see. (老久不见啦。) 其实等于I haven’t seen you for a long time. --Does anyone know where Tom lives? --Me. （相当于I know where Tom lives.） 作主语的人称代词I在省略了全部谓语或谓语动词时用宾格形式。 (二) 口头和书面语中为了避免重复进行省略。如： Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who don’t. (2006全国卷31小题) 这句话中的比较状语从句中，为了避免重复，省略了谓语drink more than two cups of coffee a day。如果不省略，反而表达不妥。再如： We will do what we can to help fulfill the work in time. (can后省略了谓语do) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (1995年高考题) 该句省略了不定式中和前文相同的动词原形短语。 有些动词对下文意思有隐藏的影响，后面的不定式常省略。如： His answer seems (to be) right. The theory proved (to be ) true. We considered him (to be) an honest man. I find English (to be) easy to learn. 介词but后的不定式和作表语的不定式，它们前面出现了行为动词do的任何形式；在and 或or并列的第二个不定式中不能带to。 In very cold weather, the hibernating animals had no choice but to lie down to sleep.
省略句 定义：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，要省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称之为省略。 1，状语从句的省略 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though 等引导的状语从句中，其实是：包括时间，让步，方式等一些状语从句中，若从句主语和主句主语相同，或者是it时，且从句的主语为be动词时，则从句中的主语和be 动词常全部被省略。 If _______________(heat), water will boil . When ___________(walk) the dog , you were careless and it got loose . 常用的一些短语： 1, if possible , when/ if necessary, as … as possible, as please (随便) I will do what I can _____________(help) you when necessary. If necessary , I will write him a letter . 2, if so (如果是这样)，if ever (如果曾经发生过)，if any(如果有些)，if not (如果不)，even so （即便如此） I will go to the party. If not, I will let you know. I do not like reading popular novels. If any, I can read it. It is likely to rain tomorrow. If so, I will stay at home surfing the Internet. 3, 在as, than, however，whatever, no matter what 等引导的从句中，常省略某些成分。 After two hours she became quieter (than she had been). ) 2，虚拟语气中的省略： 1），常省略if，而将had，were, should 提前，构成部分倒装。 __________ he _________(take) my advice, he would have succeeded. 2),在suggest动词串中，应用虚拟语气虚拟语气（should +动词原形），should 可省略。 It suggested that we (should ) go to see a film. 3，在定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。 1），在限定性定语从句中，常将在从句中做宾语或状语的关系词who, whom, that省略。 The girl _________________ the teacher spoke to is my sister. I don't like the way ________________she speaks to her mother . 2), 在know, think, consider等动词后所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略，若连接的是两个宾语从句，只有第一个 that可以省略，其余的不可以省略。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 5, 动词不定式的省略。 1），使役动词let, make, have, 及感官动词see, watch, hear,等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省去to,但是被动语态要加上to I saw the boy fall from the tree. =>The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him______.A not B not to C not to do D not to do it 2), 有时候为了避免重复，与前文所表达的内容相同的不定式to后面的内容要省略，而只是保持不定式的符号to。Could you go shopping with me？I am glad to. 3), 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，可省略不定式内容，只保留不定式to, 这类动词包括有like, love, hope, wish, expect, refuse, mean, try, agree等 You can do it if you mean to. 注意：省略的不定式的内容若有作助动词用的have 或be的任何形式时，to 后面的have 或be 要保留。 He did not come, but he ought ________
英语语法省略 一，在由and连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr.Smith)handed it to a policeman. 2. 若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob ( was born in winter) in 1989. 5. 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。He was late because he had overslept and (because he had) missed the train. 二，状语从句的省略。 1. 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be, 而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。As (he was) young, he was a store-keeper. His opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong, would be considered. 2. 在as, than, however, whatever, no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings. I can only do it the way as (I was) told to (do it that way). 3. 虚拟条件句常省略if, 将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。Should there be a flood = (If there should be a flood), what should we do? 4. 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。John will go there if my brother will (go). I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).