界门纲目科属种(The gate of a class)

界属纲门目种科
“界、属、纲、门、目、种、科”这些词通常用于生物分类学中，用于描述生物的层次和分类。

以下是这些词的基本含义：
1.界（Kingdom）：是生物分类学中的最高级别，包括动物界、
植物界、真菌界等。

每个界又进一步分为若干门。

2.门（Phylum）：是生物分类学中的第二级别，每个门包括一类
或几类动物、植物或微生物。

例如，脊索动物门包括所有的脊椎动物。

3.纲（Class）：是生物分类学中的第三级别，通常用于描述具有
共同特征的动物或植物群体。

例如，哺乳纲包括所有的哺乳动物。

4.目（Order）：是生物分类学中的第四级别，通常用于描述在系
统发育上有关联的动物或植物群体。

例如，啮齿目包括老鼠、仓鼠等啮齿动物。

5.种（Species）：是生物分类学中的最低级别，通常用于描述具
有独特特征和生物学特性的生物体。

例如，人类属于人种（Homo sapiens）。

6.科（Family）：是介于目和属之间的分类单位，通常用于描述
在系统发育上有关联的物种群体。

例如，鼠科（Muridae）包括老鼠、仓鼠等啮齿动物。

这些词在生物分类学中非常重要，用于描述生物之间的相似性和差异，帮助科学家研究和理解生物多样性以及物种之间的进化关系。

（完整版）常见微生物的界、门、纲、目、科、属、种中英文对照常见微生物界( Domain )、门(Phylum) 、纲( Class)、目(Order) 、科(Family) 、属(Genus) 、种(Species)中英文对照Domain )界Bacteria细菌Archaea古生菌门（Phylum ）Proteobacteria 变形菌门Bacteroidetes 拟杆菌门Actinobacteria 放线菌门Gemmatimonadetes 芽单胞菌门Acidobacteria 酸杆菌门Planctomycetes 浮霉菌门Verrucomicrobia 疣微菌门Chloroflexi 绿弯菌门Nitrospirae 硝化螺旋菌门Firmicutes 厚壁菌门Chlorobi 绿菌门Cyanobacteria 蓝藻细菌门Fibrobacteres 纤维杆菌门Elusimicrobia 迷踪菌门Armatimonadetes 装甲菌门Euryarchaeota 广古菌门Chlamydiae 衣原体Crenarchaeota 泉古菌门Tenericutes 无壁菌门Spirochaetes 螺旋体属AlphaproteobacteriaGammaproteobacteriaBetaproteobacteriaActinobacteriaCytophagiaGemmatimonadetesDeltaproteobacteriaAcidobacteria-6AcidimicrobiiaVerrucomicrobiaeOpitutae NitrospiraThermomicrobiaBacteroidia BacilliChloroflexiAnaerolineae ClostridiaElusimicrobiaKtedonobacteriaThermoplasmataChlamydiiaThaumarchaeotaMollicutesMethanomicrobiaHolophagaeSpirochaetes 纲（ Class ）甲型（α）变形杆菌纲丙型变形菌纲β-变形菌纲放线菌门、纲纤维粘网菌芽单胞菌门、纲δ-变形菌纲酸杆菌门酸微菌纲疣微菌纲丰佑菌纲消化螺菌属热微菌门拟杆菌纲杆菌绿弯菌门厌氧绳菌纲梭状芽胞杆菌迷踪菌门纤线杆菌纲热原体纲衣原体奇古菌门柔膜菌纲甲烷微菌纲全噬菌纲螺旋体属目（Order ）Xanthomonadales 黄单孢菌目Sphingomonadales 鞘脂单胞菌目Burkholderiales 伯克霍尔德氏菌目Actinomycetales 放线菌目Cytophagales 噬纤维菌目Myxococcales 粘球菌目Acidimicrobiales 酸微菌目Rhizobiales 根瘤菌目Sphingobacteriales 鞘脂杆菌目Flavobacteriales 黄杆菌目Caulobacterales 柄杆菌目Rhodospirillales 红螺菌目Alteromonadales 交替单胞菌目Enterobacteriales 肠杆菌目Verrucomicrobiales 疣微菌目Opitutales 丰佑菌目Gemmatimonadales 芽单胞菌目Nitrospirales 硝化螺旋菌目Pseudomonadales 假单胞菌目Planctomycetales 浮霉菌目Bacteroidales 拟杆菌目Syntrophobacterales 互营杆菌目Bacillales 芽孢杆菌目Thiotrichales 硫发菌目Rhodobacterales 红细菌目，红杆菌目Methylophilales 噬甲基菌目Nitrosomonadales 亚硝化单胞菌目Streptophyta 木霉菌目Neisseriales 奈瑟菌目Oceanospirillales 海洋螺菌目Anaeroplasmatales 厌氧原体目Natranaerobiales 盐碱厌氧菌目Halanaerobiales 盐碱厌氧菌目Procabacteriales 普罗卡杆菌目Sphaerobacterales 球杆菌目Methylococcales 甲基球菌目Chlorophyta 绿藻门Holophagales 全噬菌目 Methanosarcinales 八叠球菌目，球菌目Bifidobacteriales 双歧杆菌目Methanomicrobiales 甲烷微菌目Aeromonadales 气单胞菌目 Spirochaetales 螺旋体目ClostridialesLegionellales Bdellovibrionales Rubrobacterales Caldilineales HerpetosiphonalesChloroflexalesRickettsialesAcidobacterialesMicrococcalesRhodocyclalesStramenopilesChlamydiales Ktedonobacterales 梭菌目军团菌目蛭弧菌目红色杆菌目暖绳菌目爬管菌目绿弯菌目立克次氏体目酸杆菌目微球菌目红环菌目不等鞭毛类衣原体目纤线杆菌目。

生物有界门纲目科属种七级
生物的基本分类层次：界、门、纲、目、科、属、种。

生物的详细分类层次：域、界、门、亚门、总纲、纲、亚纲、总目、目、亚目、总科、科、亚科、总属、属、亚属、总种、种、亚种。

种是最小的生物单位。

生物的相同科、目越多，共同点也越多。

域是生物分类法中最高的类别。

作为比界高的分类系统，称作“域”(Domain)或者“总界”(Superkingdom)。

目前这三域分别命名为细菌域(Bacteria)﹑古菌域(Archaea)和真核域(Eukarya)。

生物由原核生物、真核生物及非细胞生物组成，包括动物、植物、细菌、真菌、病毒等，其特征是可以进行新陈代谢。

分类组成植物藻类植物、苔癣、蕨类植物、种子植物动物脊椎动物哺乳动物、两栖动物、鸟类、鱼类、爬行动物无脊椎动物节肢动物、腔肠动物、棘皮动物、线形动物、扁形动物、原生动物、环节动物、软体动物微生物真菌、细菌、支原体、衣原体、立克次体、螺旋体、放线菌、病毒三域系统生物分类。

真核域动物界、真菌界、变形虫界、植物界、有孔虫
界细菌域原核生物界古菌域嗜泉古菌界、广域古菌界、初生古菌界。

界门纲目科属种（Thegateofaclass）界门纲目科属种（The gate of a class）界门纲目科属种(The gate of a class)After the Swedish biologist Linnaeus named the creature, the latter biologists used the domain (Kingdom), the gate (Phylum), the class (Class), the target (Order), the family (Family), the genus (Genus), and the species (Species) to classify. The top of the world, with the five proposed by Tucker, more and more people accept respectively; prokaryotes Protista fungi, plant and animal kingdomsThe definition of the door is the use of bio medica genera appearance, life characteristics, structure, physiological function and other characteristics of the difference in dichotomy way, by biological classification to classification. From the upper boundary to the "seed", the closer the layer is, the more closely the features of the creature being attributed. If you belong to the creature, its appearance or physiological characteristics are extremely similar, is in the process of evolution, is a source of biological relatives, but there are differences between them in genetic material, which belong to the species, although able to breed, but a new generation does not have reproductive ability.Kingdom Monera in prokaryotesPrimary Kingdom Kingdom ProtistaProtozoa Phylum ProtozoaFlagellates Class, MastigophoraClass Class SarcodinaCiliates Class, CiliophoraClass Class SporozoaPhylum EuglenophytaGolden brown plant door Phylum Chrysophyta Dinoflagellate Phylum PyrrophytaFungal kingdom Kingdom FungiKingdom Plantae in plant kingdomNaked door EuglenophytaGreen algae gate Chlorophyta CHAROPHYTES Charophyta ChrysophytaDinoflagellate PyrrophytaPhaeophytaRhodophyta RhodophytaBlue-green algae CyanophytaPhylum BacteriophytaMyxomycophytaFungal portal EumycophytaLichen gate LichensBryophytes, BryophytaFerns, PteridophytaGymnosperm GymnospermaeAngiosperm AngiospermaeAnimal kingdom Kingdom AnimaliaSponge door Phylum PoliferaClass CalcareaSix put sponge class Class Hexactinellida Class Demospongiae vulgarisCoelenteron animal door Phylum Coelenterata Class Class HydrozoaClass Class ScyphzoaClass Class Anthozoa of coral polypsFlat phylum Phylum Platyhelminthes Tubellaria Class TurbellariaClass Class TrematodaClass Class CestodaRound phylum Phylum NematodaPhylum Phylum AnnelidaClass Class PolychaetaClass OligochaetaHirudinoidea Class HirudineaMollusca Phylum MolluscaGastropod Class GastropodaClass AmphineuraClass PelecypodaClass ScaphopodaCephalopod Class CephalopodaPhylum Phylum ArthorpodaCrustacea Class, CrustaceaClass Class DiplopodaClass ChilopodaSpider class Class ArchnidaSix foot class Class HexapodaIncision class Class, MerostomataPhylum, Echinodermata, M.Class Class Asteroidea starfishOphiuroidea Class OphiuroideaSea urchin class Class EchinoideaThe sea spray with water in one's mouth: Class Holothuroidea Class Class CrinoideaPhylum ChordataSubphylum Cephalochordata cable head animal subphylumA subdivision of Subphylum animal UrochordataVertebrate Subphylum VertebrataChondrichthyes Class ChondrichthyesOsteichthyes Class OsteichthyesAmphibia Class AmphibiaReptile Class ReptiliaAves Class AvesMammalian class Class MammaliaChinaThe classification of origin of species: modern taxonomic phylum medica was born in eighteenth Century, its founder is a Swedish scholar plant linnaeus. Linnaeus solved two key problems for taxonomy: first, the double name system was established, each species was given a scientific name, consisting of two Latin nouns. The first one represented the genus name and the second were the generic name. Second is the establishment of order system, the Linnean nature is divided into the plant, animal and mineral realms, in animal and plant community, and a class order, genus and species level Four, which established the order element classification system.Biological classification step size from large to small:boundary - Gate - - class - - - - - - - - - - - - - species -are classified in detail:Boundary (Kingdom)Door (Phylum)Linzhi (Subphylum)Master (Superclass)Class (Class)Department (Cohort)Head (Superorder)Item (Order)Suborder (Suborder)Superfamily (Superfamily)Department (Family)Subfamily (Subfamily)Tribe (Tribe)Genus (Genus)Subgenus (Subgenus)Species (Species)Subspecies (Subspecies).According to the classification for all organisms of the genus classification is a compendium of the gate:1. Biological taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the methods and principles of biological classification. Classification is the classification and classification of biological groups according to the principles and methods of taxonomy.There are millions of species on earth that are ever-changing and different from each other. If they are not classified, they will not be able to understand and make use of them. The categories are diverse and are the product of evolution. Thus, in theory, taxonomy is a historical summary of biological evolution.Taxonomy is a comprehensive discipline. The various branches of biology, from ancient morphology to modern molecular biology, can be extracted as a basis for classification. It also has its own branches, such as chromosome based cytology, serum based serum taxonomy, chemical systematics based on chemical systematics, and so on. Animals, plants, and bacteria each have their own characteristics as a three species of taxonomy, but the classification of viruses has not been formally conductedusing a two name system and a hierarchical system.The history of biological systematicsHumans were able to identify objects and give them names long before. At the beginning of Han Er "the animal is divided into insects, fish, birds and mammals in 4 categories: insects including most invertebrates; fish including fish, amphibians, reptiles and other lower vertebratesand whales and shrimp, crab, shellfish and other birds, birds are mammals; animal. This is the earliest classification of animals in ancient China. The period of the emergence of the four types of names seems not later than the Western Zhou dynasty. This classification, compared with Linnaeus's six systems, leaves only two classes of amphibians and worms.The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle used the method of character comparison to distinguish the species, such as the classification of warm blooded animals in order to distinguish them from cold-blooded animals. He arranged the animals according to the perfection of the structure, giving the concept of the natural ladder.At the end of seventeenth Century, the British scholar Ray hadplants known as plant species, genus and species description, the "new method" is the study of plants before Linnaeus a most comprehensive summary of plant classification, the thunder also proposed "hybrid sterility" as the standard to distinguish between species.Modern systematics was born in eighteenth Century, and its founder is a Swedish botanist, linnaeus. Linnaeus solved two key problems for taxonomy: first, the double name system was established, each species was given a scientific name, consisting of two Latin nouns. The first one represented the genus name and the second were the generic name. Second is theestablishment of order system, the Linnean nature is divided into the plant, animal and mineral realms, in animal and plant community, and a class order, genus and species level Four, which established the order element classification system.Each species belongs to a certain classification system, and has a certain taxonomic status. Linnaeus in 1753 published "plant records" and in 1758 tenth edition of "nature" in the system was first applied in plant and animal order system. These two classics mark the birth of modern taxonomy.Linnaeus believed that the species remained unchanged. His natural system was not related to each other, six of which were arranged in order of mammals, birds, amphibians, fishes, insects, worms. The system emphasizes the Lamarckian upside down over, from low to high as the evolutionary system. He also divides animals into two groups: vertebrates and invertebrates, which are still used today.Since the evolution of Linnaeus was not recognized at that time, it had little impact on taxonomy. It was not until 1859 when Darwin's publication of the origin of species was published, Evolutionary thinking is carried out in taxonomy, and it is clear that classification studies involve the exploration of phylogenetic relationships among organisms, and that the taxonomic system becomes biological genealogy -- the birth of systematics.The basic content of biological systematicsA classification system is a subsystem of a hierarchy and usually consists of seven main levels: species, genera, families, orders, classes, gates, and boundaries. Species (species) are the basic unit, the close species belong to the genus, the close genera belong to the family, the division is subordinate to theorder, the order is subordinate to the class, the class is subordinate to the door, and the door is subordinate to the world.With the progress of the study, the classification level increasing unit can be attached secondary unit, such as the master (super class), class, subclass, time head (super mesh), the next day, families (suborder, chaoke) subfamily, etc.. In addition, new units may be added, such as stocks, groups, families, groups, etc., of which the most permanent is the clan, between the subfamily and the genus.There is a scientific name for all the units in the hierarchical system. The basic procedure of classifying work is to classify objects into a certain system and level and become a unit of things. Therefore, classification and naming are inseparable.The names of the species and genera are often named after the names of the names of the people in order to identify the source andfacilitate the search of documents. A variety of scientific names are also used in the three system, and the classification name requires stability. One genus or species (including the seed plant) has only one scientific name. A scientific name can only be used for an object (or species). If there are two or more objects, it is the name of the foreign body, and the first named object must be approved, while the other object with the same name will be given another name. This is called the priority law, and the animal and plant taxonomic communities have each developed the nomenclature act, so there is no question of the same name between the animal world and the plant community. "Priority law" is an important measure to stabilizescientific names. The start date of the priority law. Animals are 1758, plants are 1820, and bacteria begin in January 1, 1980.Identification of scientific names is a means of obtaining information about a species, even if it is a previously unknown new species, as long as its classification is identified and its characteristics are foreseen. The classification system is the retrieval system, and also the information access system. Many works such as classification, based on the investigation of the flora of flora and fauna, of a country or region of the animal and plant species, as basic data are for identification, search service.Refers to a species of animal or plant group, all its members arevery similar in morphology, and they can be assumed to be some variation is very small in the same organism, all members of the group are between normal mating and breeding of fertile offspring, the species is thebasic unit of biological classification, is the basic unit of biological reproduction the.The concept of species reflects the trend of the times. In the daysof Linnaeus, it was believed that species were immutable, and conspecific individuals were consistent with the same pattern". The concept of schema originates from the ancient concept of ancient Greek philosophy and applies to the whole classification system. The concept assumes that all levels of matter and units in all the hierarchical systems are in conformity with one model.With the constant change of species evolution and creationism isused to focus on the struggle, is irreconcilable opposed to the view. However, the fact that the taxonomy of each species, each with its own characteristics, no two exactly the same species;and each species and a series of ancestral features, according to the can decide the classification status of community, door, species and families and genera, and reflect their evolutionary history.The basic content of the classification work is to distinguish between species and species, the former is species and sub species, and the latter is species classification. The population concept improvedthe species classification level and improved the species classification.The main point was to replace subspecies with subspecies. Subspecies generally refer to geographical subspecies, which are the geographical differentiation of populations, and have some distinctivecharacteristics and distribution range. Subspecies classification reflects species differentiation, highlighting the spatial concept of species.The term "variation" used to be very miscellaneous, with variations of individuals, groups, types, meaning that was not clear, and was eliminated in animal classification. In plant classifications, commonly used as discontinuous variants within the divided population. Ecotype is an intraspecific type which has certain ecological characteristics in a given habitat, and is often used in plant classification. The artificial breeding plants and animals are called varieties.Because of intraspecific and interspecific variation, the classification of species is sometimes very divergent. According to the similarities and differences between the degree of morphological basis of division as a division of species called species, because of the importance of various morphologicalcharacteristics is not a recognized, the division of the It differs from man to man. especially the classification, scholars on some characteristics of the "weighted" usually makes them more important than other characteristics, caused by subjective prejudice.A species or species, and even the entire plant and animal kingdom, has its own history. Phylogenetic research is to explore the historicalorigin of species, in order to elucidate the relationship and to provide theoretical basis for classification.Although there are three schools of synthesis (Evolution), taxonomy, cladistic and numerical taxonomy in the taxonomic school, there are many similarities in their basic principles, but each emphasizes different aspects.Feature comparison is the basic method of classification. Contrastis the contrast between similarities and differences: "difference" is the basis for distinguishing kinds, and "same" is the basis of the kind of merger. To analyze classification features, we should first consider the common features that reflect the common origin. But there are differences between homologous and non homologous. For example, the wing of birds and the forelimb of mammals are homologous tubes, which can be traced back to common ancestry, and are "cognate features"". Is the origin of the constant temperature individual birds and animals, not from a common ancestor, "non homologous features". The systematic classification uses homologous features without taking non homologous characters.Linnaeus divides organisms into two major groups: sessile plants and action animals. Over the past two hundred years, withthe development of science, people gradually found that the two world system has many problems, but it was not until 1950s, is still the general textbook to follow, no change in the basic.The first problem arises from the intermediate type, such as the comprehensive dynamic characteristics of plant Euglena double two circles, both chloroplast and camp photosynthesis, and action and food intake. Botanists consider them as algae, known as Euglenophyta; animal scholars consider them as protozoa, called euglena. The intermediate type is evidence of evolution, but becomes a puzzle of classification.In order to solve this problem, in 1860s, it recommended the establishment of a third composed of lower organisms, named Protista, including bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa. The three system solves the hard problem between animals and plants, but was not accepted, for 100 years, until 1950s, became popular for a period of time, the number of textbooks.The history of life has undergone several important stages, theinitial life should be non cellular life, of course, before the emergence of cells, there must be a "non cell" or "pre cell" stage. Viruses are a class of non - cellular organisms, but the origin of them is either primitive or secondary, but not yet conclusive.From non cells to cells are second important stages of biological development. The early cells are prokaryotic cells, and the early organisms are called prokaryotes (fine seedlings, cyanobacteria). Prokaryotic cells are simple in structure, without nuclear membranes and without complex organelles.From prokaryotic to eukaryotic is third important stages of biological development. Eukaryotic cells with nuclear membrane, theentire cell differentiation into two parts: the nucleus and cytoplasm with chromosome device complex in the nucleus as genetic center; cytoplasmic organelles with complex structure, become the center of metabolism. Eukaryotic cellsdifferentiated from prokaryotic cells, whose body levels are much higher.From single celled eukaryotes to multicellular organisms, they are fourth important stages in life history. With the emergence of multicellular bodies, complex tissue structures and organ systems have evolved, resulting in advanced angiosperms and mammals.Plants, fungi and animals constitute three parts of the ecosystem. Green plants are autotrophic and are producers of nature. They are photosynthesis by chlorophyll, the synthesis of inorganic substances, organic food, providing themselves, but also supply heterotrophic organisms. A fungus is a heterotrophic organism, a decomposer in nature. They get food from plants, and the organic food is decomposed into inorganic substances, in turn for the supply of raw materials for the production of plants. Animals are also heterotrophic, they are consumers, and they are the last species on the planet.Even without animals, plants and fungi can still exist because they already have two basic elements of the natural cycle of matter that can be completed during the cycle of synthesis and decomposition-. But without animals, the biological world could not be so colorful and lesslikely to produce human beings. Plants, fungi, and animals represent three routes or three directions for the evolution of organisms.The most popular classification at present is a five - boundedsystem. The five boundary system reflects the three stages of biological evolution and the three branches of multicellular stages, which are classified vertically and horizontally. It does not include non cellular forms of the virus, perhaps because of the unclear status of the viral system. Protista its content is complex, including other eukaryotic algae except all protozoa and red algae, brown algae, green algae, including different animal and plant.2, the original is between species form has the commoncharacteristics as the basis for classification, according to the degree of similarity to each other and gradually broken down, such as legumes have shaped fruit pods; some can be classified as reference according to the living habits of different features such as cats are carnivorous and animal nocturnal.But the food habits just not sufficient classification conditions, not simply according to the type of food classification, because animal feeding is vegetarian, vegetarian and omnivorous, as if the animal is divided into three big classes, is too rough, an important basis for the classification of animal reproductive isolation or bone structure and life habit and distribution by region.In recent years, the biological community has also classified animals according to their biological, genetic, and material properties. Animals with similar DNA are classified as similar.。

常见微生物界（ Domain ）、门(Phylum) 、纲（ Class）、目 (Order) 、科 (Family) 、属(Genus) 、种 (Species)中英文对照Bacteria 细菌Archaea古生菌Proteobacteria变形菌门Bacteroidetes拟杆菌门Actinobacteria放线菌门Gemmatimonadetes芽单胞菌门Acidobacteria酸杆菌门Planctomycetes浮霉菌门Verrucomicrobia疣微菌门Chloroflexi绿弯菌门Nitrospirae硝化螺旋菌门Firmicutes厚壁菌门Chlorobi绿菌门Cyanobacteria蓝藻细菌门Fibrobacteres纤维杆菌门Elusimicrobia迷踪菌门Armatimonadetes装甲菌门Euryarchaeota广古菌门Chlamydiae衣原体Crenarchaeota泉古菌门Tenericutes无壁菌门Spirochaetes螺旋体属纲（Class）Alphaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Betaproteobacteria Actinobacteria Cytophagia Gemmatimonadetes Deltaproteobacteria Acidobacteria-6 Acidimicrobiia Verrucomicrobiae OpitutaeNitrospira Thermomicrobia BacteroidiaBacilliChloroflexi Anaerolineae Clostridia Elusimicrobia Ktedonobacteria Thermoplasmata Chlamydiia Thaumarchaeota Mollicutes Methanomicrobia Holophagae Spirochaetes甲型（α）变形杆菌纲丙型变形菌纲β-变形菌纲放线菌门、纲纤维粘网菌芽单胞菌门、纲δ -变形菌纲酸杆菌门酸微菌纲疣微菌纲丰佑菌纲消化螺菌属热微菌门拟杆菌纲杆菌绿弯菌门厌氧绳菌纲梭状芽胞杆菌迷踪菌门纤线杆菌纲热原体纲衣原体奇古菌门柔膜菌纲甲烷微菌纲全噬菌纲螺旋体属目（ Order ）Xanthomonadales黄单孢菌目Sphingomonadales鞘脂单胞菌目Burkholderiales伯克霍尔德氏菌目Actinomycetales放线菌目Cytophagales噬纤维菌目Myxococcales粘球菌目Acidimicrobiales酸微菌目Rhizobiales根瘤菌目Sphingobacteriales 鞘脂杆菌目Flavobacteriales黄杆菌目Caulobacterales 柄杆菌目Rhodospirillales红螺菌目Alteromonadales交替单胞菌目Enterobacteriales肠杆菌目Verrucomicrobiales疣微菌目Opitutales丰佑菌目Gemmatimonadales芽单胞菌目Nitrospirales硝化螺旋菌目Pseudomonadales假单胞菌目Planctomycetales浮霉菌目Bacteroidales拟杆菌目Syntrophobacterales互营杆菌目Bacillales芽孢杆菌目Thiotrichales硫发菌目Rhodobacterales红细菌目，红杆菌目Methylophilales噬甲基菌目Nitrosomonadales亚硝化单胞菌目Streptophyta木霉菌目Clostridiales梭菌目Legionellales军团菌目Bdellovibrionales蛭弧菌目Rubrobacterales红色杆菌目Caldilineales暖绳菌目Herpetosiphonales爬管菌目Chloroflexales绿弯菌目Rickettsiales立克次氏体目Acidobacteriales酸杆菌目Micrococcales微球菌目Rhodocyclales红环菌目Stramenopiles不等鞭毛类Chlamydiales衣原体目Ktedonobacterales纤线杆菌目Neisseriales奈瑟菌目Oceanospirillales海洋螺菌目Anaeroplasmatales厌氧原体目Natranaerobiales盐碱厌氧菌目Halanaerobiales盐碱厌氧菌目Procabacteriales普罗卡杆菌目Sphaerobacterales球杆菌目Methylococcales甲基球菌目Chlorophyta绿藻门Holophagales全噬菌目Methanosarcinales八叠球菌目，球菌目Bifidobacteriales双歧杆菌目Methanomicrobiales甲烷微菌目Aeromonadales气单胞菌目Spirochaetales螺旋体目Desulfuromonadales除硫单胞菌目科（ family ）Sphingomonadaceae鞘脂单胞菌科Xanthomonadaceae黄单胞菌科Cytophagaceae噬纤维菌科Oxalobacteraceae草酸杆菌科Nocardioidaceae类诺卡氏菌科Comamonadaceae丛毛单胞菌科Caulobacteraceae柄杆菌科Sphingobacteriaceae鞘脂杆菌科Flavobacteriaceae黄杆菌科Sinobacteraceae华杆菌科Rhodospirillaceae红螺旋菌科Hyphomicrobiaceae生丝微菌科Polyangiaceae多囊粘菌科Erythrobacteraceae赤杆菌科Enterobacteriaceae肠杆菌科Verrucomicrobiaceae疣微菌科Geodermatophilaceae地嗜皮菌科Opitutaceae丰佑菌科Streptomycetaceae链霉菌科Alteromonadaceae交替单胞菌科Micrococcaceae微球菌科Actinosynnemataceae束丝防线菌科Micromonosporaceae微单胞菌科Pseudomonadaceae假单胞菌科Planctomycetaceae浮霉菌科Nannocystaceae侏囊菌科Syntrophobacteraceae互营杆菌科Sporichthyaceae鱼孢菌科Streptosporangiaceae链孢囊菌科Bradyrhizobiaceae慢生根瘤菌科Piscirickettsiaceae鱼立克次体科Rhizobiaceae根瘤菌科Microbacteriaceae微杆菌科Pseudonocardiaceae假诺卡氏科Bacillaceae芽孢杆菌科Intrasporangiaceae间孢囊菌科Nitrospiraceae硝化螺旋菌科Methylophilaceae噬甲基菌科Phyllobacteriaceae叶杆菌科，叶瘤菌科Alcaligenaceae产碱菌科，产碱杆菌科Nitrosomonadaceae亚硝化单胞菌科Rhodobacteraceae红杆菌科Thermomonosporaceae高温单胞菌科Glycomycetaceae糖霉菌科Acetobacteraceae醋杆菌科Mycobacteriaceae分支杆菌科Hyphomonadaceae生丝单胞菌科Rubrobacteraceae红色杆菌科Cystobacteraceae孢囊杆菌科Caldilineaceae暖绳菌科Rhodobiaceae红菌科，红游动菌科Burkholderiaceae伯克氏菌科Coxiellaceae柯克斯体科Bdellovibrionaceae蛭弧菌科Acidobacteriaceae酸杆菌科Clostridiaceae梭菌科Paenibacillaceae类芽孢杆菌科Bacteriovoracaceae噬菌弧菌科Myxococcaceae粘液球菌科Cellulomonadaceae纤维素单胞菌科Beijerinckiaceae拜叶林克氏菌科Frankiaceae弗兰克氏菌科Rhodocyclaceae红环菌科Planococcaceae动球菌科Methylocystaceae甲基孢囊菌科Nocardiaceae诺卡式菌科Chloroflexaceae绿屈挠菌科Thermoactinomycetaceae高温放线菌科Staphylococcaceae葡萄球菌科Alicyclobacillaceae环脂酸芽孢杆菌科Nocardiopsaceae拟诺卡式菌科Legionellaceae军团菌科Ktedonobacteraceae纤线杆菌科Gemmatimonadaceae芽单胞菌科Moraxellaceae莫拉氏菌科Corynebacteriaceae棒状杆菌科Parachlamydiaceae副衣原体科Cystobacterineae孢囊杆菌亚目Aurantimonadaceae橙单胞菌科Bogoriellaceae博格利亚湖菌科Methylobacteriaceae甲基杆菌科Rickettsiaceae立克次氏体Brucellaceae布鲁氏菌科Lachnospiraceae毛螺菌科Neisseriaceae奈瑟氏菌科Halomonadaceae盐单胞菌科Anaeroplasmataceae厌氧原体科Peptococcaceae消化球菌科，冻球菌科Halanaerobiaceae盐厌氧菌科Peptostreptococcaceae消化链球菌科Dermabacteraceae皮杆菌科Procabacteriaceae普洛卡杆菌科Kineosporiaceae动孢囊菌科Methylococcaceae甲基球菌科Syntrophomonadaceae单胞菌科，互营单胞菌科Oscillochloridaceae颤绿菌科Chlamydomonadaceae【植物】衣藻科Holosporaceae全胞菌科Gordoniaceae戈登氏菌科Shewanellaceae希万氏菌科Aeromonadaceae气单胞菌科Geobacteraceae地杆菌科Brevibacteriaceae短杆菌科Porphyromonadaceae紫单胞菌科Xanthobacteraceae黄色杆菌科Spirochaetaceae螺旋体科Propionibacteriaceae丙酸杆菌科属（ Genus ）Janthinobacterium紫色杆菌属Flavobacterium黄杆菌属Thermomonas热单胞菌属Mycoplana枝动杆菌属Sorangium堆囊菌属Opitutus丰佑菌属Sphingomonas鞘脂单胞菌属Streptomyces链霉菌属Lysobacter溶杆菌属Cellvibrio纤维弧菌属Pedobacter地杆菌属Aeromicrobium气微菌属Rhodoplanes红游动菌属Pseudomonas假单胞菌属Planctomyces浮霉状菌属Phenylobacterium苯基杆菌属Pseudoxanthomonas假黄色单胞菌属Sphingobium鞘脂菌属Nannocystis侏囊菌属Variovorax贪噬菌属Luteimonas单胞菌属Gemmata出芽菌属Saccharothrix糖丝菌属Prosthecobacter突柄杆菌属Pirellula小梨型菌属Acidovorax食酸菌属Lentzea伦茨氏菌属Streptosporangium链孢子囊菌属Bacillus芽孢杆菌属Caulobacter茎菌属Nocardioides类诺卡氏菌属Stenotrophomonas寡养单胞菌Nitrosovibrio弧菌属Actinoplanes游动放线菌属Rubrivivax红肠命菌属Glycomyces糖霉菌属Agrobacterium土壤杆菌属Mesorhizobium中慢生根瘤菌属Agromyces壤霉菌属Mycobacterium分枝杆菌属Chondromyces粒杆粘细菌属Novosphingobium新鞘氨醇菌属Actinomadura马杜拉放线菌属Nonomuraea野野村菌属Catellatospora链孢菌属Geodermatophilus地嗜皮菌属Nitrospira硝化螺菌属Pseudonocardia假诺卡氏菌属Sporocytophaga生孢噬胞菌属Bdellovibrio蛭弧菌属Asticcacaulis不粘杆菌属Sinorhizobium中华根瘤菌Hydrogenophaga噬氢菌属Rubrobacter红色杆菌属Dactylosporangium指孢囊菌属Sphingobacterium鞘氨醇杆菌属Brevundimonas短波单胞菌属Jiangella姜氏菌属Burkholderia伯克霍尔德菌Achromobacter无色杆菌属Hyphomicrobium生丝微菌属Pedomicrobium土微菌属Paenibacillus类芽孢杆菌Phyllobacterium叶杆菌属Cellulomonas纤维菌属Pilimelia水生角质菌属Arthrobacter节细菌属Saccharopolyspora糖多孢菌属Myxococcus粘球菌Amycolatopsis拟无枝酸菌Phaeospirillum褐螺菌属Promicromonospora原小单孢菌属Cellulosimicrobium纤维菌属Sporichthya游鱼孢菌属Chloronema绿线菌属Nocardia诺卡氏菌属Pimelobacter脂肪杆菌属Paracoccus副球菌属Bosea氏菌属Staphylococcus葡萄球菌属Planomicrobium动性微菌属Rhodoferax红育菌属Rhodobacter红杆菌属Hymenobacter薄层菌属Saccharomonospora糖单胞菌属Cytophaga噬细胞菌属Ralstonia罗尔斯通菌属Rathayibacter拉氏杆菌属Gemmatimonas芽单胞菌属Alicyclobacillus杆菌属Clostridium梭菌属Corynebacterium棒状杆菌属Cupriavidus贪铜菌属Caldilinea暖绳菌属Azorhizophilus嗜氮根瘤菌属Rhodococcus红球菌属Legionella军团杆菌Brevibacillus短芽孢杆菌属Polaromonas单胞菌属Acinetobacter不动杆菌属Georgenia乔治菌属Actinocorallia珊瑚状防线菌属Cryptosporangium隐孢菌属Comamonas丛毛单胞菌属CandidatusProtochlamydia Asteroleplasma无甾醇原体属Sporosarcina芽孢八叠球菌属Azospirillum固氮螺菌属Magnetospirillum磁螺菌属Roseomonas玫瑰单胞菌属Prauserella氏菌属Coprococcus粪球菌属Prauseria布劳氏菌属Thermoactinomyces高温防线菌属Methylobacterium甲基杆菌属Brachybacterium短状杆菌属Azoarcus固氮弧菌属Beijerinckia拜叶林克氏菌属Virgibacillus枝芽孢菌属Syntrophomonas互营单胞菌属Geobacillus土芽孢杆菌属Parachlamydia副衣原体属Anaeromyxobacter厌氧粘细菌属Oscillochloris颤绿菌属Procabacter普罗卡杆菌属Methanosarcina甲烷八叠球菌属Microbacterium微杆菌属Methylophaga噬甲基菌属Methanoculleus甲烷囊菌属Methylocaldum甲基暖菌属Rickettsia立克次氏体Alkaliphilus嗜碱菌属Cryobacterium冷杆菌属Shewanella希瓦氏菌属Gordonia戈登氏菌属Psychrobacter嗜冷杆菌属Serratia沙雷氏菌属Spirochaeta螺旋体属Leptolyngbya鞘丝藻属Caloramator喜热菌属Dietzia迪茨氏属Hyphomonas生丝单胞菌属Yersinia耶尔森氏鼠疫杆菌属Microlunatus小月菌属Anaerolinea厌氧绳菌属Brevibacterium短杆菌属。

界门纲目科属种怎么理解
界门纲目科属种，生物分类学是研究生物分类的方法和原理的生物学分支，分类就是遵循分类学原理和方法，对生物的各种类群进行命名和等级划分界门]纲目科属的定义是利用生物的外观、生活特性、构造、生理机能等特徵的差别，以二分法的方式，将生物由大分类归纳到小分类。

两界分类系统:瑞典生物学家林亲(1707~1778)，把整个生物分成相应的两大类:植物界和动物界。

三界分类系统:植物界和动物界，以及原生生物界，包括细菌、藻类、真菌和原生动物。

四界分类系统:另立了1个真菌界，即原生生物界、真菌界、植物界和动物界。

五界分类系统:五界系统按复杂性增加三E个层次排列生命:原
核的单细胞(原核生物界);真核的单细胞(原生生物界);真核的多细
胞(植物界、真菌界和动物界)，即原核生物界、原生生物界、植物界、菌物界、动物界。

两总界五界分类系统:去掉原生生物界而成为两总界五界分类系统:原核总界(分为细菌界和蓝藻界)和真核总界(分为植物界、真菌界和动物界);原来属于原生生物界的生物，依情况分属到植物界、真菌界和动物界。

界门纲目科属种瑞典生物学家林奈将生物命名后，而后的生物学家才用域、界( Kingdom)、门( Phylum)、纲 (Class)、目 (Order)、科( Family)、属( Genus)、种 (Species)加以分类。

最上层的界，由怀塔克所提出的五界，比较多人接受;分别为原核生物界、原生生物界、菌物界、植物界以及动物界界门纲目科属的定义是利用生物的外观、生活特性、构造、生理机能等特征的差别，以二分法的方式，将生物由大分类归纳到小分类。

从最上层的“界”开始到“种”，愈往下层则被归属的生物之间特征愈相近。

若是同属的生物，其外型或生理等特征则极为相近，是演化的过程中，较具有亲属源的生物，但是它们之间遗传物质尚有差别，而使同属的生物间，虽然能够交配繁殖，但是繁殖的新一代却不具有生殖能力。

原核生物界 Kingdom Monera原生生物界 Kingdom Protista原生动物门 Phylum Protozoa鞭毛虫纲 Class Mastigophora肉足虫纲 Class Sarcodina纤毛虫纲 Class Ciliophora孢子虫纲 Class Sporozoa裸藻植物门 Phylum Euglenophyta 金褐藻植物门 Phylum Chrysophyta 甲藻植物门 Phylum Pyrrophyta真菌界 Kingdom Fungi植物界 Kingdom Plantae裸藻门Euglenophyta绿藻门Chlorophyta轮藻门Charophyta金藻门Chrysophyta甲藻门Pyrrophyta褐藻门Phaeophyta红藻门Rhodophyta蓝藻门Cyanophyta细菌门Bacteriophyta粘菌门Myxomycophyta真菌门Eumycophyta地衣门Lichens苔藓植物门Bryophyta蕨类植物门Pteridophyta裸子植物门Gymnospermae被子植物门Angiospermae动物界 Kingdom Animalia海绵动物门 Phylum Polifera石灰海绵纲 Class Calcarea六放海绵纲 Class Hexactinellida 寻常海绵纲 Class Demospongiae腔肠动物门 Phylum Coelenterata水螅虫纲 Class Hydrozoa钵水母纲 Class Scyphzoa珊瑚虫纲 Class Anthozoa扁型动物门 Phylum Platyhelminthes 涡虫纲 Class Turbellaria吸虫纲 Class Trematoda绦虫纲 Class Cestoda圆型动物门 Phylum Nematoda环节动物门 Phylum Annelida多毛纲 Class Polychaeta贫毛纲 Class Oligochaeta蛭纲 Class Hirudinea软体动物门 Phylum Mollusca腹足纲 Class Gastropoda双经纲 Class Amphineura斧足纲 Class Pelecypoda掘足纲 Class Scaphopoda头足纲 Class Cephalopoda节肢动物门 Phylum Arthorpoda甲壳纲 Class Crustacea倍足纲 Class Diplopoda唇足纲 Class Chilopoda蛛型纲 Class Archnida六足纲 Class Hexapoda切口纲 Class Merostomat 棘皮动物门 Phylum Echinodermata海星纲 Class Asteroidea蛇尾纲 Class Ophiuroidea海胆纲 Class Echinoidea海噀纲 Class Holothuroidea海百合纲 Class Crinoidea脊索动物门 Phylum Chordata头索动物亚门 Subphylum Cephalochordata尾索动物亚门 Subphylum Urochordata脊椎动物亚门 Subphylum Vertebrata软骨鱼纲 Class Chondrichthyes硬骨鱼纲 Class Osteichthyes两生纲 Class Amphibia爬虫纲 Class Reptilia鸟纲 Class Aves哺乳纲 Class Mammalia--------------------------------------------界门纲目科属种的分类来历:近代分类学诞生于18世纪，它的奠基人是瑞典植物学者林奈。

常见微生物的界门纲目科属种中英文对照.常见微生物界（Domain）、门(Phylum)、纲（Class）、目(Order)、科(Family)、属(Genus)、种(Species)中英文对照1 / 17.界（Domain）Bacteria细菌Archaea古生菌2 / 17.门（Phylum）Proteobacteria 变形菌门Bacteroidetes 拟杆菌门Actinobacteria 放线菌门Gemmatimonadetes 芽单胞菌门Acidobacteria 酸杆菌门Planctomycetes 浮霉菌门Verrucomicrobia 疣微菌门Chloroflexi 绿弯菌门Nitrospirae 硝化螺旋菌门Firmicutes 厚壁菌门Chlorobi 绿菌门Cyanobacteria 蓝藻细菌门纤维杆菌门Fibrobacteres迷踪菌门Elusimicrobia装甲菌门Armatimonadetes广古菌门Euryarchaeota衣原体Chlamydiae泉古菌门Crenarchaeota无壁菌门TenericutesSpirochaetes 螺旋体属3 / 17.纲（Class）Alphaproteobacteria 甲型（α）变形杆菌纲Gammaproteobacteria 丙型变形菌纲Betaproteobacteria β-变形菌纲Actinobacteria 放线菌门、纲Cytophagia 纤维粘网菌Gemmatimonadetes 芽单胞菌门、纲变形菌纲δ- Deltaproteobacteria酸杆菌门Acidobacteria-6酸微菌纲Acidimicrobiia疣微菌纲Verrucomicrobiae丰佑菌纲Opitutae消化螺菌属Nitrospira热微菌门Thermomicrobia拟杆菌纲Bacteroidia杆菌Bacilli绿弯菌门ChloroflexiAnaerolineae 厌氧绳菌纲梭状芽胞杆菌Clostridia迷踪菌门ElusimicrobiaKtedonobacteria 纤线杆菌纲Thermoplasmata 热原体纲Chlamydiia 衣原体Thaumarchaeota 奇古菌门Mollicutes 柔膜菌纲甲烷微菌纲Methanomicrobia全噬菌纲HolophagaeSpirochaetes 螺旋体属4 / 17.目（Order）Xanthomonadales 黄单孢菌目Sphingomonadales 鞘脂单胞菌目Burkholderiales 伯克霍尔德氏菌目Actinomycetales 放线菌目Cytophagales 噬纤维菌目Myxococcales 粘球菌目Acidimicrobiales 酸微菌目Rhizobiales 根瘤菌目Sphingobacteriales 鞘脂杆菌目Flavobacteriales 黄杆菌目Caulobacterales 柄杆菌目Rhodospirillales 红螺菌目Alteromonadales 交替单胞菌目Enterobacteriales 肠杆菌目Verrucomicrobiales 疣微菌目Opitutales 丰佑菌目Gemmatimonadales 芽单胞菌目Nitrospirales 硝化螺旋菌目Pseudomonadales 假单胞菌目Planctomycetales 浮霉菌目Bacteroidales 拟杆菌目Syntrophobacterales 互营杆菌目Bacillales 芽孢杆菌目Thiotrichales 硫发菌目Rhodobacterales 红细菌目，红杆菌目Methylophilales 噬甲基菌目Nitrosomonadales 亚硝化单胞菌目Streptophyta 木霉菌目5 / 17. Clostridiales 梭菌目Legionellales 军团菌目Bdellovibrionales 蛭弧菌目Rubrobacterales 红色杆菌目Caldilineales 暖绳菌目Herpetosiphonales 爬管菌目Chloroflexales 绿弯菌目Rickettsiales 立克次氏体目Acidobacteriales 酸杆菌目Micrococcales 微球菌目Rhodocyclales 红环菌目Stramenopiles 不等鞭毛类Chlamydiales 衣原体目Ktedonobacterales 纤线杆菌目Neisseriales 奈瑟菌目Oceanospirillales 海洋螺菌目Anaeroplasmatales 厌氧原体目Natranaerobiales 盐碱厌氧菌目Halanaerobiales 盐碱厌氧菌目Procabacteriales 普罗卡杆菌目Sphaerobacterales 球杆菌目Methylococcales 甲基球菌目Chlorophyta 绿藻门Holophagales 全噬菌目Methanosarcinales 八叠球菌目，球菌目Bifidobacteriales 双歧杆菌目Methanomicrobiales 甲烷微菌目Aeromonadales 气单胞菌目Spirochaetales 螺旋体目6 / 17.Desulfuromonadales 除硫单胞菌目7 / 17. 科（family）Sphingomonadaceae 鞘脂单胞菌科Xanthomonadaceae 黄单胞菌科Cytophagaceae 噬纤维菌科Oxalobacteraceae 草酸杆菌科Nocardioidaceae 类诺卡氏菌科Comamonadaceae 丛毛单胞菌科Caulobacteraceae 柄杆菌科Sphingobacteriaceae 鞘脂杆菌科Flavobacteriaceae 黄杆菌科Sinobacteraceae 华杆菌科Rhodospirillaceae 红螺旋菌科Hyphomicrobiaceae 生丝微菌科Polyangiaceae 多囊粘菌科Erythrobacteraceae 赤杆菌科Enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌科Verrucomicrobiaceae 疣微菌科Geodermatophilaceae 地嗜皮菌科Opitutaceae 丰佑菌科Streptomycetaceae 链霉菌科Alteromonadaceae 交替单胞菌科Micrococcaceae 微球菌科Actinosynnemataceae 束丝防线菌科Micromonosporaceae 微单胞菌科Pseudomonadaceae 假单胞菌科Planctomycetaceae 浮霉菌科Nannocystaceae 侏囊菌科Syntrophobacteraceae 互营杆菌科Sporichthyaceae 鱼孢菌科8 / 17. Streptosporangiaceae 链孢囊菌科Bradyrhizobiaceae 慢生根瘤菌科Piscirickettsiaceae 鱼立克次体科Rhizobiaceae 根瘤菌科Microbacteriaceae 微杆菌科Pseudonocardiaceae 假诺卡氏科Bacillaceae 芽孢杆菌科Intrasporangiaceae 间孢囊菌科Nitrospiraceae 硝化螺旋菌科Phyllobacteriaceae 叶杆菌科，叶瘤菌科Alcaligenaceae 产碱菌科，产碱杆菌科Nitrosomonadaceae 亚硝化单胞菌科Rhodobacteraceae 红杆菌科Thermomonosporaceae 高温单胞菌科Glycomycetaceae 糖霉菌科Acetobacteraceae 醋杆菌科Mycobacteriaceae 分支杆菌科Hyphomonadaceae 生丝单胞菌科Rubrobacteraceae 红色杆菌科Cystobacteraceae 孢囊杆菌科Caldilineaceae 暖绳菌科Rhodobiaceae 红菌科，红游动菌科Burkholderiaceae 伯克氏菌科Coxiellaceae 柯克斯体科Bdellovibrionaceae 蛭弧菌科Acidobacteriaceae 酸杆菌科Clostridiaceae 梭菌科Paenibacillaceae 类芽孢杆菌科9 / 17. Bacteriovoracaceae 噬菌弧菌科Myxococcaceae 粘液球菌科Cellulomonadaceae 纤维素单胞菌科Beijerinckiaceae 拜叶林克氏菌科Frankiaceae 弗兰克氏菌科Rhodocyclaceae 红环菌科Planococcaceae 动球菌科Methylocystaceae 甲基孢囊菌科Nocardiaceae 诺卡式菌科Chloroflexaceae 绿屈挠菌科Thermoactinomycetaceae 高温放线菌科Staphylococcaceae 葡萄球菌科Alicyclobacillaceae 环脂酸芽孢杆菌科Nocardiopsaceae 拟诺卡式菌科Legionellaceae 军团菌科Ktedonobacteraceae 纤线杆菌科Gemmatimonadaceae 芽单胞菌科Moraxellaceae 莫拉氏菌科Corynebacteriaceae 棒状杆菌科Parachlamydiaceae 副衣原体科Cystobacterineae 孢囊杆菌亚目Aurantimonadaceae 橙单胞菌科Methylobacteriaceae 甲基杆菌科Rickettsiaceae 立克次氏体Brucellaceae 布鲁氏菌科Lachnospiraceae 毛螺菌科Neisseriaceae 奈瑟氏菌科Halomonadaceae 盐单胞菌科10 / 17. Anaeroplasmataceae 厌氧原体科Peptococcaceae 消化球菌科，冻球菌科Halanaerobiaceae 盐厌氧菌科Peptostreptococcaceae 消化链球菌科Dermabacteraceae 皮杆菌科Procabacteriaceae 普洛卡杆菌科Kineosporiaceae 动孢囊菌科Methylococcaceae 甲基球菌科Syntrophomonadaceae 单胞菌科，互营单胞菌科Oscillochloridaceae 颤绿菌科Chlamydomonadaceae 【植物】衣藻科Holosporaceae 全胞菌科Gordoniaceae 戈登氏菌科Shewanellaceae 希万氏菌科Aeromonadaceae 气单胞菌科Geobacteraceae 地杆菌科Brevibacteriaceae 短杆菌科Porphyromonadaceae 紫单胞菌科Xanthobacteraceae 黄色杆菌科Spirochaetaceae 螺旋体科Propionibacteriaceae 丙酸杆菌科11 / 17.属（Genus）Janthinobacterium 紫色杆菌属Flavobacterium 黄杆菌属Thermomonas 热单胞菌属Mycoplana 枝动杆菌属Sorangium 堆囊菌属Opitutus 丰佑菌属Sphingomonas 鞘脂单胞菌属Streptomyces 链霉菌属Lysobacter 溶杆菌属Cellvibrio 纤维弧菌属Pedobacter 地杆菌属Aeromicrobium 气微菌属Rhodoplanes 红游动菌属Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Planctomyces 浮霉状菌属Phenylobacterium 苯基杆菌属Pseudoxanthomonas 假黄色单胞菌属Sphingobium 鞘脂菌属Nannocystis 侏囊菌属Variovorax 贪噬菌属Luteimonas 单胞菌属Gemmata 出芽菌属Saccharothrix 糖丝菌属Prosthecobacter 突柄杆菌属Pirellula 小梨型菌属Acidovorax 食酸菌属Lentzea 伦茨氏菌属Streptosporangium 链孢子囊菌属12 / 17. Bacillus 芽孢杆菌属Caulobacter 茎菌属Nocardioides 类诺卡氏菌属Stenotrophomonas 寡养单胞菌Nitrosovibrio 弧菌属Actinoplanes 游动放线菌属Rubrivivax 红肠命菌属Glycomyces 糖霉菌属Agrobacterium 土壤杆菌属Mesorhizobium 中慢生根瘤菌属Agromyces 壤霉菌属Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌属Chondromyces 粒杆粘细菌属Novosphingobium 新鞘氨醇菌属Actinomadura 马杜拉放线菌属Nonomuraea 野野村菌属Catellatospora 链孢菌属Geodermatophilus 地嗜皮菌属Nitrospira 硝化螺菌属Pseudonocardia 假诺卡氏菌属Sporocytophaga 生孢噬胞菌属Bdellovibrio 蛭弧菌属Asticcacaulis 不粘杆菌属Sinorhizobium 中华根瘤菌Hydrogenophaga 噬氢菌属Rubrobacter 红色杆菌属Dactylosporangium 指孢囊菌属Sphingobacterium 鞘氨醇杆菌属Brevundimonas 短波单胞菌属13 / 17. Jiangella 姜氏菌属Burkholderia 伯克霍尔德菌Achromobacter 无色杆菌属Hyphomicrobium 生丝微菌属Pedomicrobium 土微菌属Paenibacillus 类芽孢杆菌Phyllobacterium 叶杆菌属Cellulomonas 纤维菌属Pilimelia 水生角质菌属Arthrobacter 节细菌属Saccharopolyspora 糖多孢菌属Myxococcus 粘球菌Amycolatopsis 拟无枝酸菌Phaeospirillum 褐螺菌属Promicromonospora 原小单孢菌属Cellulosimicrobium 纤维菌属Sporichthya 游鱼孢菌属Chloronema 绿线菌属Nocardia 诺卡氏菌属Pimelobacter 脂肪杆菌属Paracoccus 副球菌属Bosea 氏菌属Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Planomicrobium 动性微菌属Rhodoferax 红育菌属Rhodobacter 红杆菌属Hymenobacter 薄层菌属Saccharomonospora 糖单胞菌属Cytophaga 噬细胞菌属14 / 17. Ralstonia 罗尔斯通菌属Rathayibacter 拉氏杆菌属Gemmatimonas 芽单胞菌属Alicyclobacillus 杆菌属Clostridium 梭菌属Corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属Cupriavidus 贪铜菌属Caldilinea 暖绳菌属Azorhizophilus 嗜氮根瘤菌属Rhodococcus 红球菌属Legionella 军团杆菌Brevibacillus 短芽孢杆菌属Polaromonas 单胞菌属Acinetobacter 不动杆菌属Georgenia 乔治菌属Actinocorallia 珊瑚状防线菌属Cryptosporangium 隐孢菌属Comamonas 丛毛单胞菌属CandidatusProtochlamydia Asteroleplasma 无甾醇原体属Sporosarcina 芽孢八叠球菌属Azospirillum 固氮螺菌属Magnetospirillum 磁螺菌属Roseomonas 玫瑰单胞菌属Prauserella 氏菌属Coprococcus 粪球菌属Prauseria 布劳氏菌属Thermoactinomyces 高温防线菌属Methylobacterium 甲基杆菌属15 / 17. Brachybacterium 短状杆菌属Azoarcus 固氮弧菌属Beijerinckia 拜叶林克氏菌属Virgibacillus 枝芽孢菌属Syntrophomonas 互营单胞菌属Geobacillus 土芽孢杆菌属Parachlamydia 副衣原体属Anaeromyxobacter 厌氧粘细菌属Oscillochloris 颤绿菌属Procabacter 普罗卡杆菌属Methanosarcina 甲烷八叠球菌属Microbacterium 微杆菌属Methylophaga 噬甲基菌属Methanoculleus 甲烷囊菌属Methylocaldum 甲基暖菌属Rickettsia 立克次氏体Alkaliphilus 嗜碱菌属Cryobacterium 冷杆菌属Shewanella 希瓦氏菌属Gordonia 戈登氏菌属Psychrobacter 嗜冷杆菌属Serratia 沙雷氏菌属Spirochaeta 螺旋体属Leptolyngbya 鞘丝藻属Caloramator喜热菌属Dietzia 迪茨氏属Hyphomonas 生丝单胞菌属Yersinia 耶尔森氏鼠疫杆菌属Microlunatus 小月菌属16 / 17. Anaerolinea 厌氧绳菌属Brevibacterium 短杆菌属17 / 17。

界门纲目科属种英文表达
摘要：
1.生物分类的基本单位
2.界门纲目科属种的英文表达
正文：
生物分类学是研究生物分类和演化的学科，它通过对生物的形态结构、生理功能、生殖方式等方面的研究，将生物划分为不同的分类单位。

生物分类的基本单位从大到小分别为：界、门、纲、目、科、属、种。

界是最大的分类单位，通常根据生物的细胞结构、营养方式、生态习性等特征进行划分。

例如，动物界、植物界、原生生物界等。

门是界的下一级分类单位，它主要根据生物的解剖学特征、生理功能、生殖方式等进行划分。

如动物界的脊索动物门、节肢动物门等。

纲是门的下一级分类单位，它主要根据生物的形态结构、生理功能等特征进行划分。

如脊索动物门的哺乳纲、鸟纲等。

目是纲的下一级分类单位，它主要根据生物的形态结构、生态习性等特征进行划分。

如哺乳纲的食肉目、鸟纲的雁形目等。

科是目的下一级分类单位，它主要根据生物的形态结构、生态习性等特征进行划分。

如食肉目的猫科、犬科等。

属是科的下一级分类单位，它主要根据生物的形态结构、生理功能等特征进行划分。

如猫科的猫属、狮属等。

种是属的下一级分类单位，也是生物分类的最基本单位。

种主要根据生物的形态结构、生理功能、生殖方式等特征进行划分。

如猫属的家猫种、狮子属
的非洲狮种等。

在英文中，界门纲目科属种的表达分别为：Domain、Phylum、Class、Order、Family、Genus、Species。