初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习讲解2[1]

初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习

一．定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般

放在先行词的后面

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，

关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接

作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可

省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. （语）

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.（语）

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（语）

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. （语）

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。

在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作语）

Who is the teacher （whom）Li Ming is talking to？

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）

注意：

（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，

who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的房子。

Do you know the girl with whom your teacher is talking.

请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.

这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：

The city that/which she lives in is very far away.

她居住的城市非常远。

（4）指物时关系词只能用that的情况：

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本

身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用

that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.

他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything, anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照

片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免

重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句

用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that

belongs to Tom.

桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

关系代词作表语时一般不用who,而用that。如:

He is not the man that he was. 他不是从前的他了。(从句中that是was的表语)

（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不

用that.例如：

What’s that which is under th e desk？

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.

这是他居住的房间。

五、关系副词的用法

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is the place where he works.

这是他工作的地点。

This is the house where (in which) he lives.

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律

关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代

词whom (先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)引

导定语从句(这种方法更为正式)。例:

Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from.

= Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book.

玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。

Is this the room that/which he once lived in?

= Is this the room in which he once lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗?

=Is this the room where he once lived?

常见的有以下几种情况:

1. where=in/on which 例:

This is the room where / in which he lives.

这是他住的房间。

I can see the playground where / on which they do sports.

我能看见他们进行运动的操场。

2. when= on/in/at which 例:

I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party.

我仍然记得入党的那一年。

I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party.

我仍然记得入党的那一天。

I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched.

我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。

3. why=for which 例:

This is the reason why / for which he was killed.

这是他被杀害的原因。

但下列情况下介词不能提前:

⑴用who代替whom,用that代替which时,介词不能提前。例:

He’s the boy w ho I learned English from.这是我向他学英语的男孩。

This should be the place that Tom sent the parcel to.

这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。

⑵当whom、which省去时介词不能提前。例:

Is he the boy you went there with?

他是和你一起去那儿的男孩吗?

This is the room he lived in.

这是他住过的房间。

⑶当whom, which作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时,介词一般来说不能拆开提前。例:

You’re the very man whom I’m looking for. 你正是我在找的那个人。

一.定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做

宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the pen (which)he bought yesterday.

如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.

如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如:

He is the man who has an English book.

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，

相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定

语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon

be repaired.

(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.

(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about

whom we have often talked.

注意：

1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

(2) This is the watch for which I am

looking. (F)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不

能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend.

(F)

(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

四．关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got together finally came.

2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代

词”引导的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

单项填空。

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？

-Yes，he’s our headmaster.

A. he

B. who

C. which

D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim？

A. which

B. in

which C. that D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city

_____I know.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary

___the other day？

A. that you bought

B. you bought it

C. that you bought it

D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ___with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees

B. who agree

C. who agrees

D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing

______ is missing.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D.who

7. The man __coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who’s

B. whose

C. that

D. which.

8. The girl _____ is reading under the tree ____my sister.

A. which；is

B. whom；was

C. who；is

D. who；was

9. I love places ___the people are really friendly.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. who

10. The world ___ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live

B. on which we live

C. where we live in

D. we live in

1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

A. that

B. who

C. whom

D. this

2. The man __ lives next to us is my English teacher.

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. /

3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.

A. that

B. whose

C. which

D. as

4. Is this the factory ___ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A. the one

B. which

C. who

D. whom

5. Is this factory __ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A. the one

B. that

C. which

D. /

6. The only language ___ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

A. which

B. that

C. /

D. it

7. The girl handed everything ___ she had picked up in the street to the police.

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. all

8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.

A. That

B. Who

C. The one who

D. The students who

9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.

A. which

B. whom

C. whose

D. this

10. This is the best book ___ I have been

looking for all this year.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D.