英语阅读主要有以下三种模式：
1．自下而上模式
该模式认为阅读首先是对文章的识别,阅读也因此被视为解码的过程。也就是说,读者对文章的理解是由单词到短语、由短语到句子、由句子到语篇逐级辨认解码，不断进行信息组合，综合运用一切语言数据，逐步弄懂短语、句子直至段落篇章的意义。信息处理是自下而上直线进行的，按照这个模式去理解阅读过程。因此，这种模式没有文章的识别也就没有阅读；认为影响学生理解的最主要的因素是文章；是构成文章的字母、单词、短语、句法；认为读者不能理解的主要原因是不能自动解码，词汇量缺乏，语法结构不清。
优点：该模式以教师为主导，有助于学生学习语音、词汇和句法学习；
缺点：不利于学生对文章的整体理解，快速把握文章主旨；同时不利于学生主动性的发挥。
2．自上而下模式
自上而下模式是对阅读进行整体理解，用语境来猜测生疏项目的意义，然后才研究意义是如何表达。按照这个模式，
阅读者不必逐句解码，而是在语言知识和背景知识的参与下对信息进行重新加工或构建，理解文字符号代表的真实意义，推断作者的意图。这个背景知识指读者的社会背景知识、文化背景知识、认知策略、生活经验及情感因素等，即所谓“图式”。阅读者调动一切言语和非言语手段进行信息译码加工的过程，实际上是创造性的思维的过程。
优点：该模式以整体理解文章为主旨，这有利于培养学生快速阅读文章，获取重要信息的阅读技巧；同时有助于调动学生的积极主动性。
缺点：学生可能对基础知识掌握不够，容易造成学生语言基本功不扎实。
3．互动模式
该模式是以交互补偿论作为基础的。认为经历不同，文化背景不同，知识结构不同，受教育不同，对同一件事情、同一个概念的表达方式不同。阅读不仅包括对文章的识别，同样需要了解相关的历史、文化、知识等。阅读不只是一个解码过程，也不只是一个猜测过程，而是语言与图式交互作用的过程。认为阅读是语言与图式的相互补偿，是读者与作者的交互，是读者与文章的交互。这种模式才是真正能够理解文章的阅读模式，但是仅适合英语基础比较好的学生。
优点：有助于学生语言综合能力的提高。
缺点：基础较差学生花费时间比较长。对语言，内容，结构简单文章没必要。
【英语】中考英语阅读理解经典题型带答案 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文理解，选择正确答案。 A Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it's hard for you to communicate with your parents, don't worry about it. Here are some suggestions for you to bridge generation gap（代沟）. Don't argue with your parents. Don't get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won't consider your ideas if you are shouting at them You can't express（表达）yourself well if you are angry. Go to some place to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don't think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter. Try to reach a compromise （和解）. Perhaps you and your parents disagree（有分歧） on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael's mother didn't agree with him about buying a car. They argued over it, but finally they came to a compromise. Michael bought the car, but only drove it on certain days. Of course your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect （尊敬） to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try. （1）From the passage we know_______ have a communication problem. A. parents and children of all ages B. children and other people C. parents and their school children D. teachers and their students （2）How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap? A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 （3）The underlined phrase "cool off" in the passage means_______. A. make yourself happy B. make yourself quiet and relaxed C. become angry D. go away （4）If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you'd better_______. A. argue with them B. keep away from them
初三英语阅读理解与完型填空竞赛2 完形填空A） Do you know the history of bowling（保龄球）? Scientists think that a game like bowling was ___ 1 in Egypt thousands of years ago. Things look like the balls and bowling pins were found buried(埋葬) with a child who __2 around 5,200 B. C. People who study history know that the game was popular in Germany around 200-300 A.D. It was played in some churches in order to __3__ that they were very good Christians. When people bowled poorly, they had to go to church more ___4__ than the others. The first bowling place was built inside a very big building and __5__ in England in 1455. Then the game was taken to the United States where most people played it outside just for fun. During the 1800s, many people in the United States began to bowl for ___6__, so several cities made the game illegal（违法的. And later, a group ____7__ the American Bowling Congress (ABC) began around 1900. The job of this group was to clean up bowling and make it a gentleman’s game again. At t hat time, the game was mostly played by men. If women played, they ____8__a curtain up so that the men were not able to see them. Then, in 1916, a woman’s ___9___ named the Women’s International Bowling Congress (WIBC) made a point of showing that the game was fine for ___10___ men and women. 1. A. done B. played C. seen D. watched 2. A. died B. was dying C. dead D. death 3. A. tell B. show C. look D. say 4. A. possible B. often C. time D. chance 5. A. closed B. built C. opened D. stopped 6. A. fun B. pleasure C. money D. health 7. A. calling B. calls C. naming D. named 8. A. hanged B. hang C. hung D. hunged 9. A. party B. group C. class D. kind 10. A. between B. both C. all D. whole B）How often one hears children wishing they were grown-ups. And old people wishing they were 1 again. Each age has its pleasure and its pains, and the happiest person always enjoys what each age 2 him without wasting his time in useless regrets. Childhood is a time when there are 3 responsibilities（责任）to make life better. If a child has good parents, he is raised, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is 4 that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. But a child has his 5 . He is not so free to do what he wishes to do. He is 6 being told not to do something, or being punished for what he has wrongly done. When a young man starts to earn his own living（谋生）, he can no longer expect others to 7 his food, his clothes, and his room, but he has to work if he wants to live 8 . If he spends most of his time 9 in the ways that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. 10 , if he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society. 1. A. children B. young C. active D. strong 2. A. leaves B. hopes C. makes D. gives
2020初三英语阅读理解及答案 下面有一篇文章，希望同学们用10分钟将此题做完，然后对照讲解找到准确的答案。 Passage 1 If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星). A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels. If a comet isn’t a sta r, what is it then? Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail. Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see. An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because
Motor racing is a very exciting sport, but it is also very dangerous. Racing drivers go at 200 kilometers per hour and even faster. Sometimes the cars crash and the divers die. This is Kirsten Kolby. When she was a little girl, she and her brother learned to drive go-karts, and she became good at it. At the age of twelve, she was the best young driver in her country. Now she drives racing cars. Most racing drivers are men. Is this a problem for Kirsten?" Sometimes," it is her answer." Some men don't like a woman driver in front of them. They get angry." Is she afraid of crashing? "I had a bad crash two years ago. The car rolled over. I was under it and I couldn't get out. There was a fire, and I couldn't get out. A man rushed through the fire and pulled me out. He was a very brave man. After I came out of hospital, I tried to race again, but I was too afraid of fire. So I stopped racing and got a different job. But I wasn't happy. I really wanted to race again. I wanted it very much. So now I'm racing again. I'm still afraid, but I'm stronger than before. 1 Is motor racing a safe sport?） __________________________________________ 2 When did Kirsten become the best young driver? __________________________________________ 3 What happened to Kirsten two years ago? __________________________________________ 4 What did Kirsten do after she came out of hospital? __________________________________________ 5 What do you think of Kirsten? _________________________________________ 答案 1 No. 2 At the age of 12. 3 She had a bad crash two years ago. 4 She stopped racing and got a different job. 5 She is brave and try to achieve her dream.
D None of us is quite as healthy in mind as we seem, but neither is every unusual thing we do means we’re unhealthy. H ow to tell the difference? S tart by reading the letters below, which have been analyzed by our experts. (1) L ately, after I read an unusual word, I often can’t get it out of my head for days, sometimes weeks. I silently repeat it to myself, often spell it, and even wake up in the night with it ringing in my head.W hat’s wrong with my brain? T hat sounds like a little obsession (着迷). Your brain feels that for some reason it must repeat this word. U nless it is taking up more than an hour of your day or really influencing your life, it is not serious. T o stop it, leave it alone. I f you really want to stop the repetition, set aside ten minutes a day to repeat the word over and over again. D o it so many times that you finally get sick of it. (2) I sometimes have strange dreams when taking a short sleep, and I think they’re real when I wake up. T hen, as I come around, I realize they aren’t. Is there something wrong with me?
How to answer the question –Work sheet Paragraph A Mark Twain was a famous American writer. He wrote stories and many of them were funny stories. These stories are still read by many people all over the world. Besides writing, he also liked hunting and fishing very much. 1) Who was Mark Twain? 2) What did he write? 3) What were many of his stories like? 4) How widely are these stories read by people? 5) What else did he like besides writing? Paragraph B A man was driving. Suddenly he saw a board in front of a small house, which read “Talking Dog for Sale”. He wanted to know what happened very much so he stopped the car. The owner told him the Labrador(拉布拉多猎犬) was in the backyard. 1) What was the man doing? 2) What did he see in front of a small house? 3) What words were on the board? 4) Why did he stop his car? 5) Where was the dog? Necessary changes 1.Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Ellas Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle. 1)Who is Ellas Howe? 2)What problem did he have when design his invention? He had difficulty in __________________________________________. 2.Most of the time I liked to be in the office backyard to collect the dry branches(树枝) and leaves that had fallen to the ground and use them to build my own so-called tree house. How did the writer spend his time in the office backyard while waiting for his father? 3.Turn to the right and walk 20 steps. Dig 1.5 feet down for the first key. Where is the first key according to the direction? 4.I said to myself, “Perhaps I can get there with a boat. Perhaps I can get back to England one day.” What was the writer’s wish?
2010中考英语阅读理解最新详解—回答问题型阅读理解的答题技巧 先仔细阅读短文后所提出的问题，带着问题通读全文，把握文章意思，然后再研读跟问题相关的句子、句子的关键词/短语等；在此基础上再结合上下文进行分析判断、逻辑推理、归纳提炼出问题答案的表述内容；记住要看清问题，不要答非所问，同时表述的句子内容要简洁明了、语法正确、语句通顺、书写规范，不 要照搬照抄原文的句子。 [实例分析] If you are studying English, the Language Study Fair (游乐会)that is being held this mont h will certainly attract you. The fair is going on between the 28th and 30th of June at the Nati onal Education Centre. It is held to answer all your questions about self-study no matter how y our English is. The Language Study Fair gives a very good chance for you to see and to get all kinds of information to help you improve the way you study. Over 350 producers of educational materi als (材料)will be at the fair. Come along to this, and you won’t waste your money in the futu re on materials that are out-of-date, or books that you just don’t need. We’ve got lots of differ ent things for you to see and hear. There will be stands (展台)showing different kinds of self-s tudy textbooks and talks by educational speakers on the best ways to study by yourself. We’re sure you’ll also enjoy watching people using the latest computer programs to make studying E nglish alone so much easier. This is for you to make good decisions about what to buy. You can come to the fair from nine thirty to five. Tickets co st ￡5 each, or ￡3 if you’re a full-time student. All tickets can be booked by ringing the ticket hotline. The number is 9847711. So, we hope to see you there! 1.Who will go to the Language Study Fair? ___________________________________________________________________ 2.What will attract those who go to the Language Study Fair ? ___________________________________________________________________ 3.What will you buy if you want to make studying English much easier? ___________________________________________________________________ 4.What is the opening time of the fair ? ___________________________________________________________________ 5. How can you get a ticket for the fair ? ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】
九年级英语阅读理解题（12篇） 阅读理解1 Mr. Lee was in bed and was trying to go to sleep when he heard the bell ring. He turned on the light and looked at his clock. It was twelve o'clock. "Who can it be at this time of night?" He thought. He decided to go and find out. So he got of bed, put on his dressing gown (浴袍) and went to the door. When he opened the door, there was nobody there. "That is very strange." Then he went back to his bedroom, took off his dressing gown, got back into bed ,turned off the light and tried to go to sleep. A few minutes later he heard the bell again. Mr. Lee jumped out of bed very quickly and rushed to the door. He opened it, but again he found no one there. He closed the door and tried not to feel angry. Then he saw a piece of paper on the floor. He picked it up. There were some words on it : "It is now after midnight(午夜), so it is April Fool's Day (禺人节) . April fool to you!" "Oh , it was the English boy next door!" Mr. Lee exclaimed (惊叫) and almost smiled. He went back to bed and feel asleep at once. The bell did not ring again. 1. When did Mr. Lee go to bed? He went to bed _______. A. before twelve o'clock B. after twelve o'clock C. when the bell rang D. when he saw the boy 2. Why did he rush to the door when he heard the bell ring the second time? A. He wanted to open the door for the visitor B. He wanted to find out who the visitor was. C. He was afraid of the ring D. He was waiting for someone. 3. From this passage, we learn that we can _______ on April Fool's Day. A. say "Hello" to each other B. dance and sing at night C. play jokes on each other D. send pressents to children 4. What did Mr. Lee think about the English boy? He thought he _________. A. was a good boy B. was friendly with him C. shouldn't ring the bell at midnight D. did a dangerous thing just now 参考答案 ：答案及解析： 1．A ．此题是一道细节题，文章第一自然段的前三个句子就告诉了此题的答案。
（英语）初三英语阅读理解及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析 一、英语阅读（日常生活类） 1．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 Do you think your school rules are boring? Take a look at these rules. No hugging Some schools in Portland and Florida started the rule —No hugging in 2010. Two years later some schools in New Jersey and Brooklyn made the same rule. The reason is clear —to avoid "unsuitable interactions （不适当的互动）" between students. No bags into the classroom One high school in Michigan doesn't allow bags into the classroom at all. The school asks students to return to their lockers （储物柜）between classes for their books in order to make sure they are safe in lunchrooms and classrooms. No Ugg boots （Ugg 靴子） It might get very cold in winter in Pennsylvania, but students there aren't allowed to wear their Ugg boots into class. It's to stop them from hiding things like mobile phones in the boots. No balls A Toronto school doesn't allow its students to bring any hard balls to school. Why? A parent was taken to hospital with a concussion （脑震荡）after being hit by a ball. （1）When did some schools in New Jersey make the rule "no hugging"? A. In 2008 B. In 2010 C. In 2012 D. In 2014 （2）Where are the students at Michigan school asked to keep their books? A. In the lockers B. In the classrooms C. In the lunchrooms D. In teachers' offices. （3）Mobile phones are not allowed into class in _________. A. one Portland school B. some schools in Florida C. one Pennsylvania school D. some schools in Brooklyn （4）Who is the reason for a Toronto school's "no balls" rule? A. A teacher B. A doctor C. A student D. A parent （5）Where is the material probably from? A. A newspaper B. A website C. A speech D. A diary 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）C （4）D （5）B 【解析】【分析】本文介绍几个学校的规则。 （1）推理题。根据 Some schools in Portland and Florida started the rule —No hugging in 2010. Two years later some schools in New Jersey and Brooklyn made the same rule 波特兰和佛罗里达的一些学校开始了这项规定——2010年禁止拥抱。两年后，新泽西和布鲁克林的一些学校也制定了同样的规则 ，可知新泽西的一些学校2012年制定了“禁止拥抱”的规则，故选
2019初三英语阅读理解及答案 下面有一篇文章，希望同学们用10分钟将此题做完，然后对照讲解找到准确的答案。 Passage 1 If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星). A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels. If a comet isn’t a star, what is it then? Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail. Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see. An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big
【英语】中考英语阅读理解试题和答案经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文理解选择正确答案。 C If music makes you smarter and exercise helps you to think, surely exercising to music can turn you into a clever person. A team of scientists from Ohio State University did experiments on 33 volunteers who were getting better from heart disease after operations. They found those volunteers who exercised while listening to Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi's The Four Seasons did much better on language ability tests than without music. It is also used in medical fields for patients who have had head hurts because of its moderate tempo （舒缓的节拍）. “Exercise seems to cause positive changes in the nerve （神经） system and these changes may improve the learning ability of people with heart disease,” said the ps ychologist Charles Emery, who led the study. “And listening to music is thought to enhance understanding. We just wanted to put the two results together,” he added. The volunteers said they felt better emotionally and physically after exercising with or without music. But their improvement on the test doubled after listening to music during exercise. Scientists have proved that music can be good for health and education. It helps reduce stress and sadness, encourage relaxation or sleep, wake up the body and improve memory and thoughts. Scientists have been studying the results of exercise to music on learning and understanding since the early 1950s. A study showed that students who listened to Mozart's violin pieces and exercised went on to get higher marks in an IQ test. With important exams drawing near, your parents will not probably allow you to listen to music or play sports. But perhaps now you have good reasons to argue with them. （1）What does the underlined word enhance mean? A. produce B. provide C. improve D. impress （2）From the last paragraph we can learn that . A. you should follow your parents' words B. you have some good reasons to join in an IQ test C. good marks depend on listening to music and excising D. exercise to music might help you get higher grades in tests （3）Which of the following statements is true? A. Music helps volunteers get better from heart disease. B. Exercise is used for people with head hurts. C. Exercise causes no changes in health without music.