一、V ocabulary 25%
(一)十选一
1.The company has planned to strengthen its corporate identity.(企业认同感)P6
2.More than 100 development groups throughout the world are working on the
technology ,many of them attempting to update(更新) old designs to work with modern engines. P6
3.The markets are smart enough to guests when a realignment (调整) is coming. P7
4.Academic (学术的)qualifications cannot be the only criteria in judging a person. P7
5.If difficulties do arise during your time abroad ,you may feel isolated(孤独的)and
vulnerable to pressure both from local management and head office. P7
6.In the summer, I prefer roaming(闲逛) on the field with my friends and enjoying the
sunshine to staying at home alone. P24
7.Men love their ideas more than their lives. And the more preposterous (荒谬的) the idea,
the more eager they are to die for it. P24
8.Although many of us want to be perfect in all aspects, we need to admit that everyone has
his/her defect (缺点)and no one is impeccable. P24
9.To be a successful artist, you need not only to have a(n) exquisite (精致的) sense of color
but also to keep practicing as much as you can. P24
10.We all believe in the maxim (格言) that actions speak louder than words. P24
11.As house prices plummet(暴跌), the new breed of renters escape the danger of falling into
debt traps and save their spare cash for the future. P39
12.Nothing could daunt(使气馁) me and I talked to everyone with the same message :“Cancer
was absolutely”great because it put you in touch with yourself and the world. P39
13.Carefree and full of youthful enthusiasm, his happy disposition(性格、性情)attracted
whites and Indians alike. P39
14.With standards often being poor, unregulated, and uncontrolled, disaster seems
imminent(临近的) P39
15.With the rising tide and bad conditions it was possible that the stranded(使..滞留) man
might not survive until the lifeboat arrived. P39
16.The children’s insatiable(贪得无厌的) curiosity will be satisfied one way or the other, as
there are plenty of museums, libraries and children’s palaces in the city. P55
17.Examination of the theory which purports (标榜) to provide an answer to this question is
nonetheless important for a number of reasons. P55
18.It is impossible to forget the uplifting (令人兴奋地) speech that the president gave at the
commencement ceremony. P55
19.The choice of palyers for the team seemed completely arbitrary. (武断的) P55
20.Building a home is a more demanding (要求高的) business compared with buying one.
P55
21.When you use a computer, a default (默认状态) is the setting or choice you get unless
you deliberately choose something else. P68
22.The information is transmitted(传送) from one computer to anther through a telephone
line. P68
23.Most permanent pastures can be improved in both composition and productivity (生产)by
good management and high technology. P68
24.The low payment at the store forced us to identify (辨别)any opportunity to make money.
P68
25.A good deal of disability (有缺陷的)and grief could have been avoided if you had changed
your attitude. P68
(二)同义词
1.The country is heavily dependent on its oil exports.P7
A.reliant on(依赖于)
B. complaint with
C. yielding to
D. attached to
2.An alternative approach is to define words according to the sentence contexts in which they
occur. P7
A. outline
B. explain(定义)
C. specify
D. term
3. A second hospital has been accused of mixing up a baby’s name tag, making the mother
fear she had the wrong child. P7
A. code
B. paper
C. board
D. label(标签)
4.The director will have to shift his roles and expectations when he’s asked by the rest of the
board to answer criticism of company performance. P7
A. move
B. stint
C. alter(改变)
D. transit
5.Japanese computer makers are turning to scientists overseas to help them develop software
and applications for massively parallel supercomputers. P7
A.heavily
B. immensely(巨大的)
C. solidly
D. ponderously
6.There is also evidence that younger people expect to transfer the source of their main
emotional support to their spouse when they marry. P7
A.move…to(转向)
B. subtract…from
C. distract…from
D. deflect…to
7.Psychometric tests which attempt to measure stduents’ ability to use the library have been
developed and made use of primarily in the USA. P7
A.arbitrate
B. assess(检测、评估)
C. calculate
D. reckon
8.Consequently, the neighborhood they live in, the interests they have, the lifestyle of their
friends and colleagues, will necessarily determine what reality is for the child. P7
A.residential path
B. residential street
C. residential district(社区)
D. residential part
9.The aim is to help participants identify their own learning needs in this area and then to
suggest ways in which they can increase their knowledge. P7
A.affirm
B. confirm
C. assume
D. recognize(找出、辨别)
10.As we shall see later, they have been one of the factors that have helped to tip the economic
balance firmly against the nuclear option. P7
A. tilt (倾斜)
B. incline
C. slide
D. slant
P24-25
11.Don’t interrupt him. He is now working seriously on his dissertation that is due at the end
of this semester.（埋头认真）
A. buckling down to
B. buckling under
C. buckling up with
D. buckling to
12.He has a bad temper and always falls into a furry for the slightest reason, which makes him
extremely unwelcome among all the friends.
A. sadness
B. depression
C. an extreme anger
D. great disappointment
13.Through reading the novel, the students realized that the hunchback’s hideous appearance
could not conceal his noble characters. （丑陋的）
A.spectacular
B. ugly and unpleasant
C. impressive
D. striking and terrible
14.When the world war II broke out and the area was bombed severely, many city dwellers had
to move to the sticks and led a totally different life. （农村地区）
A.small towns
B. country areas
C. surroundings
D. neighborhoods
15.In the general conference, his coarse speaking tone irritated the delegate from the
neighboring country and then everyone was involved in a fierce debate.（恼火）
A.ironic
B. sarcastic
C. angry
D. rude
16.The police had to keep track of all the actions of the suspects in order to identify the real
criminal. （关注）
A. be informed about
B. be contacted with
C. follow up with
D. take notice about
17.Confronted with all these evidences and the witnesses, the drunk driver conceded that it
was he who caused the fatality of the 3 victims in the traffic accident.
A.surrendered
B. granted
C. admitted
D. yielded
18.When famine and drought became more severe, the president said he could not size up the
whole situation and take any action unless he had received a complete report.（估量）
A.bring up
B. come up with
C. make up
D. make a judgement about
19.Gaping at the TV screen and watching the fire and smoke, the whole world was startled
and could not believe the World Trade Center turned into ruins.
A.looking
B. staring
C. glancing
D. watching
20.When thousands of bodies, including those of woman and children, were discovered in the
forest, everyone and all the media took the same side, criticizing the monstrous mass murder with full bullets. （大屠杀）
A. tremendous
B. incidental
C. famous
D. evil
(三)选词填空（P39/P55/P69）
1.With a(n) network of committees, sports clubs and societies, each students is
encouraged to play a full part in this aspect of student life.
A.thriving (兴盛)
B. encouraging
C. exciting
D. succeeding
2.They may pick up ideas almost at random from skimming journals, ideas that may new
trains of thought or fruitful new cross-connections.
A. steer
B. pilot
C. spark(激起)
D. lead
3.Being a good listener is not only useful because you will hear what others miss, but you
will find that people will tell you things that they others.
A.shield on
B. shield from(保护)
C. shield in
D. shield out
4.What right did he have to come back into her life like this, trying to it into small pieces
that couldn’t be put back tighter for a second time?
A.Crash
B. crush
C. shatter（破碎)
D. explode
5.In many areas local services were provided by numerous different authorities, which often
gave rise to co-ordination problems.
A.acute(敏感的)
B. accurate
C. accusative
D. alternative
6.The awful truth he was suffering from lung cancer him, though his family members
tried very hard to keep the secret.
A.came upon
B. dawned on(意识到)
C. fell to
D. went for
7.I suppose yoga enthusiasts would find it painless, but for most of us an hour spent in this
position was a(n).
A.trail
B. test
C. exam
D. ordeal(考验)
8.But rules that strengthen banks in good times can them in recessions.
A.cripple (削弱)
B. reduce
C. slash
D. decrease
9.There are few more places on earth than the plains surrounding a volcano in the
aftermath of its eruption.
A.fertile
B. unproblematic
C. barren(贫瘠的)
D. unprofitable
10.The minds of many of these young offenders appear to have been by greed and
indifference to violence.
A. retarded
B. numbed(麻木)
C. idled
D. fooled
P55
11.Her reputation suffered a blow as the result of the scandal.
A. mortal(致命的打击)
B. shameful
C. humiliating
D. disgraceful
12.In explaining this situation, it might be possible to point to sources to the nation: its
culture, mentality, religions, or geography.
A. inherited
B. hereditary
C. inherent(民族内在的)
D. heritable
13.His difficulties may make it impossible for him to recognize you and his family.
A.perceptual(感觉的)
B. appreciable
C. understandable
D.
recognizable
14.He had never previously thought of himself as or even as particularly materialistic.
A. inquisitive
B.interactive
C. positive
D. acquisitive(拥有的)
15.Like a dreamer, the young artist is absorbed in of something outside himself and does
not identify with it.
A.illusion
B. contemplation(沉思)
C. conception
D. fantasy
16.The club, where I am staying, releases forgotten gusts of memory, like those lilies which
only their sweet perfume at night.
A. exhale (散发)
B. inhale
C. relax
D. relieve
17.If it is a technique which works for you then, use it.
A.by all means(在任何方面)
B.by no means
C. in one way
D. by the way
18.You would some responsibility immediately for particular areas and additional
responsibilities are available to those with the ability and enthusiasm to undertake.
A. bear on
B. take on(承担责任)
C. carry on
D. hold on
19.This raise the question whether the education of children in rural communities is prejudiced
by the of a curriculum devised for urban conditions.
A.publication
B. compulsion
C. computation
D. imposition
20.The weak point in the school is due to the of parents who remove their sons from the
school at too early an age.
A.folly(愚行)
B.prudence
C. craziness
D. madness
P69
21.The plumber found that the pipe was blocked because of the frozen oil ,and asked us to
it out with hot water.
A. push
B. spread
C. flush（冲）
D. drive
22.Don’t forget to bring a(n)for opening cans in your journey to India.
A.appliance（家用电器）
B. device
C. utensil
D. gadgetry
23.He suddenly became wealthy ,which changed his whole of life.
A.preference
B. mode（方式）
C. ethics
D.
modality
24.Beneath that calm surface is a man of fierce temper.
A.mysteriously
B. carefully
C. limply
D. apparently（明显的）
25.Due to the economic decline ,we are seeing unemployment on an unprecedented.
A. size
B. level
C. scale（范围）
D. degree
26.He opened the wallet carefully and stretched his hand to feel the of the new dollar bills.
A.Crispness（清脆的）
B. freshness
C. tardiness
D. firmness
27.Although some commentators thought he was and ugly, Jay Chou is now one of Asia’s
hottest pop stars.
A. literal
B. dumb（木讷的）
C. humorous
D. extrinsic
28.Since no one could his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replace him with another
columnist.
A. encode
B. decipher（解码）
C. concern
D. confront
29.Ways in which the authority can discharge its responsibilities for standard for all
aspects of care will also require attention.
A.method
B. equipment
C. setting （环境）
D. investigation
30.Along with the emphasis on scientific development and social changes ,our magazine has
also paid attention to fashion.
A. deserving
B. little
C. efficient
D. due（适当的）
二、Reading comprehension
三、Cloze
Around 1970, psychologist Walter Mischel 1) launched a classic experiment. He left a succession of 4-year-olds in a room 2)with a bell and a marshmallow (药葵蜜饯). If they rang the bell, he would come back and they could eat the marshmallow. If, 3)however，they didn’t ring the bell and waited for him to come back 4)on his own, they could then have two marshmallows.
In videos of the experiment, you can see the children kicking and 5)hiding their eyes — desperately trying to 6)exercise self-control so they can wait and get two marshmallows. Their performance 7) varied widely. Some broke down and rang the bell 8)within a minute. Others lasted 15 minutes. The children who waited longer went on to get higher SAT 9)
scores. They got into better colleges and had,on 10)average, better adult outcomes. The children who rang the bell 11)quickest were more likely to become bullies. They 12) received worse teacher and parental evaluations 10 years later and were more likely to have drug 13)problems at age 32。
The Mischel experiments, 14)along with everyday experience, tell us that self-control is 15)essential. Young people who can delay gratification can sit 16)through sometimes boring classes to get a degree. They can 17)perform rote tasks in order to, say, master a language. They can 18)avoid drugs and without self-control skills, however, school is a 19)series of failed ordeals. No wonder they 20)drop out. Life is a parade of foolish decisions: teenage pregnancy, drug use, gambling, truancy and crime.
P40
Everyone wants to be successful in life, but where are the 1)keys to success? When we begin to examine life, we can see that it is 2)divided into two aspects — life within and life without; internal life and 3)external life — and we can see that these aspects are of equal importance. Even one who has renounced the world has to understand the word relationship properly, because 4)life itself is actually relationship. The body is related 5)to the breath, and the breath is related to the mind. The body, breath, senses, and mind all 6)function together as a unit. So life virtually 7)means relationship, and thus the art of living and being requires an 8understanding of one’s relationship to the external world and the relationships within 9)oneself.
All human beings have inner potentials, but many people are not aware 10)of those potentials and do not know how to use them to have a 11)successful life. Those who are not happy 12)internally can never be happy externally; those who are not happy within themselves can never make 13)others happy. Those who do not love themselves 14)can never love others.
If we are not happy, how can we be successful in life? Success 15)lies in our happiness. The keys to happiness lie within us, but our modern education does not 16)teach us how to find them. It is helpful to have a few formulas to practice in daily life to make it more successful. They are 17)derived from observations based on experience. There are five points to remember: first, how to decide things on time;second, how to study personal habit patterns; third, how to 18)conduct ourselves in the external world; fourth, what attitude to take; fifth, where to 19)find happiness. To attain success in life, one should learn and 20)apply these five points.
四、Translation
（一）汉译英
1、餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。
The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry :the high failure rate among its small businesses.
2、现代社会里人民的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业，而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。
In modern society, people are likely to be identified by their professions, rather than by their communities.
3、职业和工作在使人得到幸福与满足方面所起的作用比我们大多数人意识到的要多得多。
Careers/Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.
4、这个培训项目其实不算糟糕，但如果它的课程再实用一点就更好了。P26
This training program is not really a bad experience. But I would have liked it better if the courses had a bit more practical.
5、这个小玩意儿是送给老年人的好礼物，它能精确地跟踪血压。P26
This little gadget makes a good present for the elderly, for it can keep accurate track of one`s blood pressure.
6、简总是在为下一箱成就而努力，从来没有时间坐下来欣赏自己已经取得的成绩。P26
Jane is always working so hard to achieve the next thing and she never has time to sit back and pat herself on the back about the things that she has already done.
7、在经历重大打击之后，明智的做法是勇敢面对挑战，而不是逃避。P41
What makes sense is to face the challenge rather than run away from the troubles after suffering a heavy blow.
8、人们逐渐明白了失败并不是可怕的东西，而是人生的宝贵经历。
It dawns on people that failure is nothing to be afraid of. But it is a precious experience in life.
9、每个人都不可能十全十美。因此，对自己宽容些。P41
No one can be perfect ,so be easy on oneself.
10、他把别人的成功看成是一种挑战、一种动力。他不断告诉自己他应该比别人做得更好。
He takes others` success as a kind of challenge and motivation.He keeps telling himself that he should do better than others.
11、如果我们真正得到了自己想要的，就会不停地想我们没有的——于是我们就老是不满。
If we do get what we want we`ll keep thinking of all that we don`t possess—and we`ll remain dissatisfied.
12、唯一真正能平衡事业与家庭的方式是对你的生活价值观深思熟虑，并按此生活。
The only way to truly balance your career with family life is to think long and hard about your life values and live by then.
（二）英译汉
P9
11、Not all the neighborhoods are empty, nor is every workplace a friendly playground. Most of us have had mixed experiences in these environments. Yet as one woman told me recently, she knows more about the people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block. Our new sense of community hasn’s just moved from house to office buil ding. The labels that we wear connect us with members from distant companies, cities, and states. We assume that have something “in common” with other teachers, nurses, city planners. (Para.11)不是所有的住宅区都是空的,也不是所有的工作单位都是友好的.多数人在这里都曾有过复杂的经历.然而,最近一位女性朋友告诉我她对工作单位里的人的了解程度要胜于对同一街区人的了解程度.我们不仅把社区的概念从住宅区迁移到办公楼,上班时身上佩戴的标志也把我们和异国他乡的人们和公司员工联系在一起.我们假设自己和其他的教师、护士、城市规划者有某些共同点。
12、It’s not unlike the experience of our immigrant grandparents. Many who came to this country still identified themselves as members of the Italian community, the Irish community, the Polish community. They sought out and assumed connections with people from the old country. Many of us have updated that experience. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with the workplace. This whole realignment of community is surely most obvious among the mobile. In an age of specialists, they may have to search harder to find people who speak the same language. (Para.12) 这有点像最初移民来到美国我们的祖辈们的经历,许多人来到这里以后把自己原来的国籍还当成一个社区,所以有意大利人社区、爱尔兰人社区、波兰人社区等。他们不断寻找并设想自己与来自同一个国家的人们有着亲密的联系。我们把这种体验提升了一步。像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的职业身份取代了种族身份。这种社区的完全重组在流动作业的行业中表现得最为明显，那些在不同城市变换工作的人似乎把自己的身份根植与他们的行业中。在这个充满专业人士的时代，他们不得不费劲周折去寻找有共同语言的人。
P50
11、Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfactions we get from a lifetime depend on how hign we choose our difficulties.Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains.” The martal flaw in the advertised version of
happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.
殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是问题的精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特?弗罗斯特言及“以苦为乐”时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的寻种幸福观，其致使的缺陷就在于它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力
12、We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of dificulty. When the spoilsport ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free,at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.
即使于游戏之中，我们也需要有艰难困苦。之所以需要它，是因为若没有困难，便断无游戏可言。游戏即是这样一种方式，为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。游戏中的种种规则，便是将困难武断地强加于人。有的人将情趣摧毁殆尽，总是因为他拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋，如果你随心所欲、心血来潮全然武断地去更改那些游戏规则、去赢棋当然会更加容易。但下棋的情趣则在于应在规则的限定范围内赢取胜利。一言以蔽之，没有艰难，断无情趣。
复习范围：
一、阅读理解【Comprehension】
1. Those people who “keep their eye upon the doughnut rather than on the hole” ____A___.
A.are considered positive-thinkers by the author
B.are likely to see their glass as half empty
C.view their successes and failures more objectively
D.have suddenly become the object of scientific research on clichés
2. According to Seligman, the secret to an optimist’s success can be found in “his explanatory style”, by
which he means that the optimist ____C___.
A.is able to explain more clearly to the customers
B.sounds more pleasant in his explanation
C.tries to find faults with other factors other than in himself for his failure
D.has more confidence in himself than in others
3. Whether positive or negative, a person’s attitude towards life is a thinking habit ____B___.
A.inherited from either of his parents
B.formed when he is very young
C.acquired after he has gained considerable experience
D.never to be got rid of
4. According to Ames, in our era man-made carcinogens are ___A___.
A.less dangerous than natural carcinogens
B.as dangerous as natural carcinogens
C.more dangerous than natural carcinogens
D.the latest cancer scare
5. What Ames really wants to say in his report in Science magazine is that __D___.
A.daily consumption of the average peanut-butter sandwich is 100 times more dangerous than
our daily intake of DDT from food
B. a glass of the most polluted well water in the Silicon Valley is 1,000 times less of cancer risk
than a glass of wine or beer is
C.people should stop consuming peanut-butter, beer and wine
D.most man-made cancer risks are trivial compared with daily natural risks and
it's not clear how many of these are real risks
6. In 1974, Ames suddenly became a hero of environmentalists as __D___.
A.he suggested that some students test various household products
B.many common hair dyes tested positive
C. a flame retardant used in children's pajamas tested positive
D.his findings resulted in new regulations and laws on certain chemicals
7. Environmentalists' argument against Ames is that __C__.
A.Ames is a stooge for the chemical industry
B.Ames does consulting for the chemical drug and food companies or law firms
C.Ames has erred in supposing that we have to make a choice between cancer
risks
D.More attention should be paid to TCE in drinking water than public education of cigarette
smoking
8. According to the article, what causes the rat's neurosis? ___D___
A.The importance of the problem.
B.The complexity of the problem.
C.The involvement of the experimenter.
D.The insolubility of the problem.
9. According to the passage, the wife nags her husband more and more because of ______A_____.
A. a fixated reaction
B.anger at her husband
C.anxiety about her husband's faults
D.impatience with her husband's mistakes
10. When Wendell Johnson said “To a mouse, cheese is cheese; that’s why mouse-traps work”, he meant
that ___D___.
A. a man is as stupid as a mouse
B. human beings cannot abstract
C. rats are more capable of abstraction than men
D. a rat’s powers of abstraction are limited
11. Few people have known anything about Einstein's painful romance until recently (√)
12. What kind of person do science historians think Maric was?
（Answer：They think Maric was a dull woman.）
【以上两题会改编为选择题】
13.Which of the following is an example of a paradox? ___B___
A.To be believed, make the truth unbelievable.
B.Men are not hanged for stealing horses, but that horses may not be stolen.
C.It is healthy to be sick once in a while.
D.In expanding the field of knowledge we but increase the horizon of ignorance.
14. Which of these ideas is true about the phrase “hold fast to life”? ___B___
A.Enjoy life as fast as one can.
B.Enjoy life with abandon.
C.Enjoy life’s rewards gradually.
D.Lead a fast life.
15. The second truth to live by is __A___.
A.to learn to deal with the losses we suffer in life
B.to learn that death is unavoidable
C.to learn to face a variety of deaths
D.to learn to get accustomed to the pattern of life, departure and death
16. The author appears to encourage people to __D____.
A.seek material enjoyment
B.make best use of their lives for their health and well-being
C.make endeavor for the well-being of mankind.
D.treasure both happiness and pains, for they mark the existence of life
17. Mass production had a great impact on taste, which showed that __D____.
A.all products were in better taste than before because of advanced technology and improved
methods of production
B.the mass-produced products looked all alike that no taste could be spoken of about them
C.taste was much changed because uneducated people, as customers, began to exert a bad influence
on it
D.products became abundant, so more people were able to buy what they liked,
exercising their tastes
18. The author thinks that the owner of a Constable reproduction knows nothing about art because
___C___.
A.Constable was not a good artist and his paintings lacked artistic value
B.the owner didn't know that Heineken posters were superior to Constable's works
C.the owner was unable to discriminate between the value of an original work done by
Constable and that of a reproduction
D.the picture was not set in a good frame
19. The author cites examples of products which are described as being dishonest because __C____.
A.the products are sold at much higher prices than their real values
B.the products are technically inferior ones which are easy to break down or wear out too quickly
C.the products are designed not to best serve the purposes they should serve but to
tickle the customers' vanity or to exploit their ignorance
D.the products are advertised by disguised lies
20. All the following qualities belong to “good taste” except __B___.
A. restraint
B. social pretentiousness
C. understated elegance
D. refinement
2）完形填空【Cloze】
1. Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure, even excitement, _1 cause quite severe headaches. The more significant the task ahead, the more careful the planning required. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring _ 2 or no planning, it is almost a routine.
A month’s touring holiday abroad, or better 3 , getting married, is a different matter altogether. If the __4 involves a church wedding, with 50 guests, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice and returning to a new home, it requires even more planning to make ___5 that it is successful.
Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and __6 _avoiding costly failures we cannot _ 7_. It is equally essential to mankind as a __8__, to individual nations, to families and single people; the scale may _ 9 _, but the degree of importance does not. 10_, a nation planning its resources and needs does not __11 _ from a family planning its weekly shopping or monthly household budget.
__12 _ are designed to ensure an adequate supply of essentials, 13 a rate of spending within the limits of income, and _ 14 _ properly carried out will _15_ shortages, wastage, or overexpenditure.
1. A. so B. then C. or D. but
2. A. few B. little C. much D. plenty
3. A. more B. yet C. still D. off
4. A. first B. second C. former D. latter
5. A. known B. believe C. sure D. clear
6. A. in B. for C. of D. by
7. A. afford B. suffer C. stand D. bear
8. A. group B. whole C. fact D. unity
9. A. change B. vary C. range D. float
10. A. However B. Moreover C. In essence D. In one word
11. A. differ B. change C. vary D. shift
12. A. Some B. Many C. All D. Both
13. A. with B. by C. at D. in
14. A. though B. if C. how D. no matter what
15. A. keep B. avoid C. cause D. solve
（Answers：1. C 2. B 3. C 4.D 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B）
2. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not 1 nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation _ 2 happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his 3 feelings.
A good education and 4 are usually considered necessary for happiness. 5 both may contribute, they are only chief factors 6 the person is seriously under-educated or actually suffering from 7 of physical needs.
The rich are not 8 to be happier than the middle income group or 9 those with very low incomes. People with college educations are 10 than those who did not graduate from high school and it is believed that this is 11 because they have more opportunity to control their lives.
Poor health does not rule out happiness 12 the severely weak or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can 13 to happiness.
It should be noted that people quickly get 14 to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their 15 _ no matter where it stands at a given time.
1. A. practical B. potential C. preferable D. predictable
2. A. certainly B. plainly C. inevitably D. necessarily
3. A. pleasant B. unpleasant C. actual D. virtual
4. A. job B. background C. income D. environment
5. A. Since B. Even C. When D. Though
6. A. if B. unless C. because D. so that
7. A. shortage B. insufficiency C. lack D. lacking
8. A. likely B. inclined C. appropriate D. designed
9. A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. even
10.A. less happy B. somewhat happier C. much happier D. even happier
11.A. apparently B. partly C. mainly D. not
12.A. but for B. except for C. in case of D. if not for
13.A. contribute B. result C. correspond D. bring
14.A. used B. familiar C. back D. exposed
15.A. income B. knowledge C. status D. level
（Answers：1. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D）
3）翻译【Translation】
1.你对心理医生的忠告采取什么态度会影响到你是否会再做恶梦。(recur)
Weather your nightmare recurs depends on your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist.
2.悲观主义者往往容易失败，部分原因就是一个人对自己的看法常常是一种能够自我实现的预言。(in part)
The person that a pessimist tends to fail it, in part, that a person’s opinion about himself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy.
3.现在工人们的各方面条件比起10年前都大大改善了。(as compared with)
The conditions of works now, as compared with what they were ten years ago, have been greatly improved.
4.他的错误是确定事实前就做了决定。(err)
He erred in making his decision before he confirmed the facts.
5.这些年轻的工人技术员具备我们能希望他们有的一切条件。
These young technicians have all the qualifications we can hope for.
6.我倒是没摔坏，可是被吓得半死。
I didn't get hurt, but was scared to death.
7.我们面临的现实与其说是享受生命的报偿不如说是享受生命的进程。(not so much…as)
The reality we face is not so much enjoying the rewards of life as enjoying the process of life.
8.不要对生活中妙不可言的东西麻木不仁。
Don't be indifferent to the splendor of things in life.
9.既然他不给你选择的机会，你不如干脆拒绝他的建议。
Since he gives you no chance to choose, you may as well turn down his offer.
10.想象一下你买的东西会给什么印象，下次你买东西就会注意情趣问题。
Imagine how others will think about the things you have bought, you will pay more attention to taste when you buy things next time.
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ，t oday’s unem ployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course 14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield 15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into 20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal
long-distance education long-distance education, It is called network education in the file that released by department of education has introduced some , or called contemporary and long-range education network education. It refers to the use of TV and the Internet and other media teaching mode, the remote education is a very popular teaching model, because it broke through the time and space boundaries, accommodation in the school is different from the traditional teaching mode. Using this kind of teaching model of students, do not need to a specific location, anywhere. Students can also through television and radio, Internet, coaching line, a variety of different methods, such as mutual learning. Online learning has superior side, there are also some disadvantages. Learners can not adapt to the network teaching mode. Network education lack of interactivity and authenticity. On the BBS of the remote education, many netizens agree that network education's biggest drawback is the lack of interactivity and authenticity. In network education, between students and students, between students and the teacher only through BBS, E-mail or other network communication tools to communicate, people had built up a relationship is a kind of virtual environment of interpersonal relationships, interpersonal communication gradually from direct to indirect, from the diversification to the simplification, lost the traditional relationship between university students directly group consciousness gradually indifference. Education of students by this way, the collective idea and the spirit of solidarity and collaboration as generally traditional college students, is not conducive to the development of individuals and society.
一年级上册英语期末考试试卷分析（人教版） 期末过后，每个学校都会要求老师做好试卷分析，为本次考试做好总结，下面是搜集整理的一年级英语试卷分析，大家来看看吧!想了解更多精彩内容请及时关注我们! 一、试题的特点 根据小学生的生理和心理发展需求，小学阶段英语课程的目的是激发学生学习英语的兴趣，培养他们英语学习的积极态度，使他们形成初步用英语进行简单日常交流的能力，为进一步学习打下基础，在试卷的问题设计上，增加了对学生阅读理解能力和活用语言能力的考查。 二、总体分析： 小学英语教学评价的主要目的是激励学生的学习兴趣和积极性，因此，此次其中试卷出题思路非常明确。通过考试的形式来检测小学生的学习兴趣、学习习惯和对所学知识的掌握程度。 由于一年级学生刚刚开始接触英语，因此本卷中全部试题为听力题。听力测试旨在考查学生听音、辨音及听力理解和快速反应能力。满分为100分，共九大块内容，分别为：一、听音标号;二、听音选择,将A、B字母添入括号里;三、听音，连线;四、听音选择;五、听音，圈词;六、听音涂色;七、单项选择;八、看图连线;九、数数连线。整体来看，得分 就率较高的是第一、二、三、六题，失分较多的是第四、五题。 一年级大约280人，按每题总题数计算正确率，考试具体数据见下表： 题号 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX 应对题数 2800 1400 840 2800 1680 1120 1680 1120 2800 实对题数 2755 1385 840 2741 1609 1120 1662 1100 2783 正确率 98.4% 98.9% 100% 97.89% 95.8% 100% 98.92% 98.2% 99.4% 三、问题分析 第一题，听音标号。大部分同学掌握得较好，能准确地排出顺序。不过我发现个别同学在答题的过程中，Stand up和Sit down发生了混淆，因此，在今后的教学中，我要注 意帮助他们对相近的词进行区别。 第二题主要是考察学生们对句子的认读情况。从卷面来看，学生们对单个单词的认读掌握得较好，但对句子的选择不是很准确。
General English Qualifying Test for Non-English Major Graduate Students 2008 (A 卷) ******************************考试注意事项*************************** 一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括听力理解、词汇与结构、阅读理解三部分，共70题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括改错、写作。 二．试卷一的答案请按要求在答题卡上填涂，否则无效。试卷二的改错、写作部分请直接在试卷二上答题. Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A. At the office. B. In the waiting room. C. At the airport. D. In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A. "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. 1. A. The weather has been warm lately. B. The furnace has broken down. C. The building’s heating system dries the air. D. The woman should put medicine on her lips. 2. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A refinished cellar. D. A new record. 3. A. They need to turn up ahead. B. She doesn’t know where State Street is. C. There was no left turn at the last intersection. D. The man missed the turn.
阳光小学一年级英语期中试题 1、ligｈt 灯 2、bed 门 ３、dooｒ床 4、boｘ房间 ５、roｏm箱子 二.选择（15 分） （）1、在书包里面 ＿＿＿_＿the ｓchoolbａg Ａ、in B、undeｒ （）2、在床上 ＿___＿tｈｅｂed Ａ、onＢ、in ( ）3、在台灯旁边 ____＿theｌight Ａ、onＢ、near ( ）４、在门后面
_____ thｅｄooｒ A、on B、bｅhiｎd (）５、在桌子下面 ___＿_thｅdesk A、near B、ｕnder 三．连线、（15分) 1、Ｉ’ｍhungry！给您。 2、Here yｏｕare、我渴了！ 3、Ｉ’m tｈirｓty！我想吃鱼肉。 4、Ｉｗａｎt fish、谢谢您。 ５、Tｈank you! 我饿了！ 四．选出正确得汉语意思、(15分) ( )１、riｃe A、米饭Ｂ、鱼 （）2、ｎoｏdles A、面条B、椅子 ( ）3、vegｅtable A、门Ｂ、蔬菜 （)４、chicｋen A、灯B、鸡肉
( )5、ｅｇg A、床B、鸡蛋 五．连线、（1０分） 1、Ｅｈ 2、Ｈ e ３、M t 4、T m ５、S s 六。选出正确得英文单词、(１５分） （）1、飞机A、ｐlane B、ｃhａir （）２、球A、desk B、balｌ （)3、火车Ａ、ｔrａiｎＢ、rice （）4、小汽车A、box B、car (）5、玩具熊A、ｂeａr B、e ｇg 七。判断、 ( 15 分) １、chaｉｒ椅子（) 2、desｋ桌子（) 3、blａcｋboard火车（）
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A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
一.同义词 16.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. A. make fun of 17.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken. C. run away 18.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. B. disadvantages 19.Magazines are the fifth most important advertising medium, and magazine advertising requires a substantial investment from advertisers. D. considerable 20.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. C. improve 21.Because of the close collaboration of architect and builder, the building was completed ahead of schedule. B. joint work 22.After World War , the Vietnamese believed that the French would allow them to be an autonomous people. A. self-governing 23.Physical well-being presupposes that one should vary his diet and often have some wholesome food. C. healthful 24.The layout of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right, makes it a pleasure to use. B. arrangement 25.A child leaving home before he is ready is analogous to bird trying to leave the nest before it can fly. D. similar 单选 26.He had always been oblivious to the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment. 27.I like the professor's lecture because he amplified his lecture with some vivid slide shows. 28.On the seminar the historians still cannot agree on the date on which the particular war commenced . 29.Despite the news that her son had been dead years ago, she still clung to the hope that he would return some day. 30.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet. 31.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at stake. 32.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space. 33.When business is depressed , there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment. 34.Social structure organization is simply the way that people, groups, and institutions are organized with respect. to one another. 35.One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he asks after almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city. 二.同义词 16.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. C. was deprived of 17.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. A. attack 18.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. B. unable to in 19.His behavior had been perturbing me more than had cared to admit. D. troubling 20.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience. A. ideal 21It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carrying a big stick. C. frighten 22 .If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. D. motive 23.The soldier discovers martial stirrings in his breast as he puts on his uniform. B. excitement 24.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. C. disadvantages 25.You'll succeed in the final examination if you stick to your belief that you are not a failure. A. adhere to 单选 26Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise. 27.The teacher set up those obstacles for no other purpose than to challenge the students to overcome them. 28.The police who was lack of experiences was completely, taken in by the thief's disguise. 29.My aunt wound a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget her appointment. 30.They could not go to the theater together because his free time never coincides with hers. 31.A (n) personnel manager has a variety of role relations with people occupying related statuses. 32.This is a difficult job that needs to be tackled whole-heartedly-not ply at. 33.The curtain had risen hardly when shot startled the audience. 34.He would go to endless trouble to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement. 35.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. 三.同义词 16. If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. B. motive 17.The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnic as soon as it stopped raining. D. comforted 18.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life. C. calm 19.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it's real value. A. criterion 20.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. D. unable to in 21.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. B. attack 22.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. A. was deprived of 23.At the international conference on the nuclear weapons several dissenting statements were made. D. opposing 24.The dominant theme is of tranquility and peacefulness. C. major 25.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive 单选 26.It is very likely that the Martian will also be adapted to underground existence, for conditions are much more equable underground. 27.The medicine scientists discovered that the prime reason for her lung cancer is excessive smoking. 28.The interviewer interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 29.After about an early age of 13, perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 30.South Africa's black majority got its first real say in governing early last December. 31.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and 32.delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 32.Jack is the very person who can be entrusted with either money or secret information. 33.He stopped the car so abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him. 34.The black people launched civil movement, struggling for abolition of slavery. 35.After a long journey, the tourists who experienced danger and hardship reached their destination at length.