初中阅读理解之人物传记/故事阅读类
passage 1
During his life Dr James Naismith worked as a doctor, taught P.E and wrote several books. While he never thought it very important, Dr Naismith is today best known for one thing. He was the inventor of basketball.
Dr James Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA. One day the school principal told James he was having a problem with the students. Because of heavy snow, the students could not go outside. He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something.
It was on the very last day that James came up with his idea. The “birth of basketball” is said to be on December 21, 1891, when two teams from the school played the first game. It was quite different from the basketball games of today. It had 9 players on each team and footballs were used instead of basketballs. Soon after, the game changed to 5 players on each side, using special “basketballs” through nets.
Although Dr Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game it is today, in 1936, just three years before his death, basketball became an Olympic sport at the games in Berlin.
1. Which of the following things did Dr James Naismith NOT do?
A. Teach P.E in school.
B. Write some books.
C. Work at hospital.
D. Take part in the Olympic Games.
2. In which season did Dr Naismith invent basketball?
A. Summer.
B. Winter.
C. Spring.
D. Autumn.
3. Why is December 21 thought to be the birthday of basketball?
A. It was on this day that Dr Naismith came up with his idea for basketball.
B. It was the day on which Dr Naismith was born.
C. It was the day on which Dr Naismith was asked by his boss to invent a new game.
D. It was on this day that the first game of basketball was played.
passage 2
"Listen carefully to what I say,"the time traveler said, "I shall tell you something that you will not agree."
"Why will we not agree?" I asked.
"Because the science and mathematics you know are not correct,"he said. "You believe there are only three dimensions(三维空间)-length, breadth(宽) and thickness."
"There is nothing to argue with that, "the youngest member of our little group said.
"Exactly!"the time traveler answered, "But there is also a fourth dimension - time."
"We all know about time, " another member of the group said. "Time passed."
"I do not agree,"the time traveler said, "Length, breadth and thickness do not pass. They stay in the same place in space.We move about them. I can prove that time is the same. It does not pass. We move in time the same way that we move in breadth, length and thickness."
None of us believed the time traveler, and we argued with him for many hours.
"If we could travel back in time,"the scientist said, "We could do things to change the future."
"If we could travel forward in time," the doctor(博士) said, "we could do things that change our present."
The time traveler smiled, "It is clear," he said, "that there is only one way I can show you that I am right. We must do an experiment. Please wait here."
He left the room and soon returned, carrying what looked like a clock.
"This is a model of a time machine. It took me two years to make it," the time traveler said. "I want all of you to understand that when I start the machine, it will immediately travel in time and disappear from the present."
He turned to the youngest of all. "Give me your hand," he said.
The young man put out his hand. The time traveler took it and placed it on the machine. Immediately, there was a sudden wind, and the little machine disappeared.
I was certain this was not a trick, but the doctor was not so sure.
"Are you asking us to believe," he said, "that the machine is now in a different time?"
"Certainly! In my laboratory, a full-size machine is almost complete. As soon as it is complete, I shall send myself on a journey through time. Would you like to see my machine?"
"Are you serious about this?" the doctor asked.
"I have never been more serious about anything," the time traveler said, "Come."
We followed him to his laboratory. There, we saw the actual machine, not quite complete, but large enough for a man to sit in.
1. How many dimensions did the time traveler say there are?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
2. How long did it take the time traveler to make his model time machine?
A. Two years.
B. Two months.
C. Twenty years.
D. All his life.
3. Which is the right order of what happened in the story?
a. The model time machine disappeared with a wind.
b. The time traveler came back to the room with a model time machine.
c. The members of the group argued with the time traveler for many hours.
d. The time traveler showed them a full-size time machine which was not quite complet
e.
e. The youngest man's hand was placed on the model time machine.
A. e c a d b
B. b c e a d
C. c e b a d
D. c
b e a d
4. What can we infer(判断) from the passage about the time traveler?
A. He believed that they could move in time.
B. He was playing a trick on a group of people.
C. He sent the young man to the future in the model time machine.
D. He would possibly send himself on a journey through time.
5. What kind of story do you think the passage is?
A. A detective story.
B. A science fiction.
C. A romantic fiction.
D. A horror story.
passage 3
It’s Really a Miracle (奇迹)
Mr. Brown works in New York and he brought his family to China last summer. They visited many places of interest and had a good time here. Before they left for New York, the Browns climbed the Great Wall.
It was the greatest project over two thousand years ago. They took a lot of photos there and then they had a picnic under a big tree. Suddenly it began to rain and they hurried to the car. And when they returned to the hotel, they couldn’t find the bag in which their expensive camera was. They were all sorry for it. They could buy another camera but had no time to go to the Great Wall again. They could not miss the plane!
That evening they didn’t have supper. Mr. Brown hoped to make them happy, so he said, “Well, let me tell you a story. An old man lived in a sixty-floor building. One day he fell down from it when he was cleaning the window. But he didn’t hurt himself.”
“It was a miracle!” called out his children, “Why?”
“Because he lived on the first floor!”
They all began to laugh while two policemen with a bag came in. They said a Chinese boy found it under a big tree and he asked them to find out who lost it.
“It’s really a miracle!” the Browns said happily.
1. Where did the Browns enjoy themselves before they left for New York?
A. In London.
B. In Beijing.
C. In Shanghai.
D. In Hong Kong.
2. Why didn’t they have anything that evening?
A. Because they were not hungry.
B. Because they were sorry
for losing the camera.
C. Because they had nothing to eat.
D. Because they had no time to have supper.
3. What did Mr. Browns tell a story to his family for?
A. He wanted to make his family happy.
B. His children asked him to do so.
C. He wanted to tell them a miracle.
D. H e liked telling stories.
4. Who found the bag?
A. Two policemen.
B. An American boy.
C. A Chinese girl.
D. A Chinese boy.
passage 4
Li Ting,15,from Shanghai, was preparing a talk on some western festivals. She searched online for certain information and made PowerPoint presentations(展示).
Wu Qiong，her classmate, was doing his chemistry homework carefully. But he couldn’t work out the last problem even he tried his best. So he took out his mobile phone, opened a special app(应用软件)，and searched the problem. Answers soon appeared on the screen in several seconds.
Nowadays,many students do homework online with the help of the Internet like Li and Wu.They search information online, use apps or
discuss through QQ and Wechat.
“It’s convenient.You don’t have to wait for your teacher to explainit to you face to face.”According to Wu.” You can also learn by seeing how others work them out. What’s more, it improves students’ abilities. And it’s especially true for new kinds of homework. I am quite skilled at finding information online and using Microsoft Office.”
However, this trend（趋势）also causes problems. Some lazy students just copy the answers online without thinking. Even some ask their classmates to do homework for them. And their teachers don’t know the fact.
Anyhow, knowing how to use the Internet is important. The key is to have good self-control. When you come across(遇到) a difficult problem, think about it by yourself first. Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers after you have turned to the Internet, or you won’t make progress. If you are not sure about your self-control, ask your parents for help.
1. Both Li Ting and Wu Qiong used the Internet to _____
A. play games
B. search information
C. take exams
2. Paragraph 4 is mainly about_____ of doing homework with the help of the Internet.
A. the advantages
B. the disadvantages
C. the problems
3. Which problem is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 5?
A. some students only copy the answers online.
B. some cheat their teachers by asking their classmates to do homework for them.
C. Nobody is able to finish their homework now without the Internet.
4. ____ is the key to using the Internet to study.
A. Self-respect
B. Self-control
C. Self-development
5. In this passage the writer wants to tell us that _____.
A. the Internet can be a good helper if we use it properly.
B. the Internet has made all the students lazy.
C. it’s not necessary to learn to use the Internet.
passage 5
An early form ofa game in which a ball was kicked around a field is recorded in 1004 B.C. Japan. Some sports historians believe that the game of soccer began in England in the third century, however. They say that early English warriors（武士）kicked around the head of a killed enemy. This may or may not be true, hut it is certain that soccer is an ancient sport.
Without doubt, the English played soccer during the times of King Edward I in the 1300s. In fact, the king passed a law against playing it.
The law said, "There is great noise ... caused by kicking large balls from which many ghosts may appear." Anyone caught playing soccer at that t ime was put into prison. T:vo hundred years later, Queen Elizabeth I still had people put into prison for playing this "vulgar" sport.
Although there were such laws, soccer grew more popular. In 1681 it became an official(正式的) sport in England. By the 1800s, people throughout the country played soccer. By the 18th century, upper-class boys played it at schools. Its popularity grew among all English people.
At a meeting held in an English school in 1843, the first rules were suggested. In 1863 the heads of English soccer teams met in London to agree on some official rules. They organized an English football association（协会）. By 1871 all of the English clubs were following these rulcs. Today all soccer teams play by them.
Soccer is called "football" everywhere but in the United States. The game is played mostly with feet. No players except the goalie (守门员) may touch the ball with their hands. They may control the ball with any part ofthe body except their hands.
Soccer is by far the world's most popular sport. Every four years, nearly every country in the world tlghts for the World Cup. Tens of billions of soccer fans from around the world watch the World Cup on television.
1.According to the passage, a "vulgar" sport probably
A. appears to be rude
B. appears to be old
C. requires lots of energy
D. requires good teamwork
2.Which ofthe following shows the right order ofthe development ofthe game?
a. Upper-class boy students played it at schools.
b. An English football association was organized.
c. It became a popular sport throughout Englan
d.
d. The rules were accepted by all English clubs.
e. Playing the game was considered to be guilty.
A. e-c-a-b-d.
B. e-c-a-d-b.
C. e-a-c-b-d.
D. e-a-c-d-b.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A. It is certain that soccer has a history ofover l,800 years.
B. The English had to play soccer in secret for two centuries.
C. Football is called "soccer" in the US because of the rules.
D. The king passed the law against the game for a stupid reason.
4.This passage is mainly about
A. why the game is so popular
B. how the game has developed
C. what the game is like
D. where the game first began
passage 6
My mother only had one eye. I never wanted her to show up at my school. One day during primary school, I was terribly ill. My mother came.“ Your mom only has one eye!” yelled some of my classmates. I wished my mother would have just disappeared (消失).“If you embarrass (使……尴尬) me, why don’t you just die?” I shouted at her, taking nonotice of the sad look on her face. My mother just handed me some medicine and left without saying anything.
At that time, I didn’t think I had hurt her feelings very much. That night I saw my mom crying in her room. Even so, I hated her tears from one eye. I made a decision: I must study hard and leave my mother.Years later my dream came true. I was quite successful. I never thought of going back to see my “ugly” mother until one day I got a letter.“My son I’m sorry I only have one eye. When you were little, you got into an accident and lost your eye. As a mom, I couldn’t stand watching you live with only one eye. So I gave you mine.
I was never angry with you and I never regretted it because I love you.”I cried out aloud. Only then did I realise how beautiful my mother was!
1. Why didn’t the writer want his mom to show up at his school?
A. Because he thought she was ugly.
B. Because his mom couldn’t see anything.
C. Because his classmates didn’t like her.
2. From the underlined word “shouted” in Paragraph 4, we learn that at that time the writer was
very _____.
A. nervous
B. angry
C. excited
3. That night, the writer decided to _______.
A. ask his mom never to go to his school
B. take good care of his mom from that time
C. work hard and stay away from his mom
4. The writer’s mom lost one eye because _______.
A. she used it to save her son’s sight
B. she had a serious car accident
C. she was born with only one eye
5. The story is mainly about _______.
A. the difficulties on a boy’s way to success
B. a naughty boy’s experience of growing up
C. a mother’s great love for her son
passage 7
Little Tommy was doing very badly in math. His parents had tried everything—tutors (家庭教师), cards, special learning centers—in short, everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic (天主教的) school.
After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face. He didn’t kiss his mother hello. Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread (铺开) out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to his room, without a word. In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before. This went on for some time, day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening.
Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books. His mom looked at it and to her surprise, little Tommy got an A in math. She could no longer hold her curiosity(好奇心). She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns (修女)?”
Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No.”
“Well then,”she asked again. “WHAT was it?”
Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign, I knew they weren’t joking.”
1. Why did Tommy’s parents send him to a catholic school?
A. Because he could eat well there.
B. Because he could earn more about nuns.
C. Because his parents wanted him to do better in his math.
D. Because his parents didn’t want him to learn math any more.
2. Tommy’s mother felt surprised that his son _______.
A. was still the same as usual
B. ate so much at dinner
C. kissed her hello after school
D. worked hard but said little
3. “Hitting the books” means “” in Chinese.
A. 用功
B. 捶书
C. 发泄
D. 振作
4. The last sentence in the passage shows that .
A. Tommy felt sorry for the mail
B. Tommy was afraid of being nailed
C. Tommy didn’t like the plus sign
D. Tommy liked playing jokes on others
5. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that .
A. teachers should be strict with their students
B. mistaking (误解) might do good sometimes
C. a catholic school is much better than other ones
D. nuns are good at helping children with their math
passage 8
Gordon Hewitt, a mean (吝啬的) person who used to read his paper in his car to save electricity, died last week. He has left behind ￡250, 000 in the bank after a lifetime of saving.
When you first saw Mr. Hewitt, you might think that he was poor: he
wore his old coat, his trousers didn’t fit well and his shoes were worn out. He sold newspapers in the streets.
In fact, he had a quarter-of-a-million pounds in at least 20 savings. He married twice and lived in the same house all his life. His money was left to six different people.
60-year-old neighbor Jean Buckley remembers Mr. Hewitt’s mean ways of life, “He used to sit in his Robin reading a newspaper with the light on so that he didn’t have to turn the light on in his house. He would walk miles to find somewhere warm, even through the rain. ”
68-year-old neighbor David Cheeseman said, “I have known him for over 50 years and he was always strange and funny in his manner. I told him many times to look after himself and have heat in his house. He just laughed. He wouldn’t spend a penny unless he had to. He went to every church to sit in the warm, have a cup of tea or a meal. He had a dryer(烘干机)in his house but never used it. He washed clothes and put them on even when they were wet. He said it cost money to use the dryer. ”
1. Why might one think Mr. Gordon Hewitt poor?
A. Because he sold newspapers in the streets.
B. Because he was in shoes that were worn out.
C. Because he went to every church to have meals.
2. What would Gordon Hewitt do in the church?
A. He would read a newspaper.
B. He would dry his wet clothes.
C. He would do some drinking and eating.
3. How did his neighbors think of him?
A. Funny and strange.
B. Rich but strange.
C. Rich and funny.
4. Why did Mr. Gordon Hewitt just laugh when his neighbor told him to have heat in his house?
A. He thought he didn’t need heat in his house.
B. He thought the idea foolish.
C. He thought having heat in the house cost a lot of money.
5. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Mr. Gordon Hewitt’s strange neighbors.
B. Mr. Gordon Hewitt, a strange poor man.
C. Mr. Gordon Hewitt lived a strange and mean life.
passage 9
Once there was a forest where all the animals lived happily together. One day a family went to spend the day in the forest, and the son left his socks there. After the family left, a bear came by, found the socks, and decided to try them on. They fit so well, and he liked them so much that he wouldn't take them off.
All the animals talked about the bear's new look. Soon, in the forest,
there began appearing squirrels(松鼠) in shirts, rabbits in shoes, and even rats(鼠) wearing hats! The forest doctor shook his head, telling animals, “This can't be good. Animals don't need clothes!” But no one listened to him. They said he was just out of fashion.
However, it wasn't long before the first results of fashionfever came. Several times the squirrel caught his shirt on trees, stopping him in mid-jump and sending him falling to the ground from a tree. The rat couldn't go into his hole without taking off his hat first. Even the bear, because of his socks, slipped (滑到) from the river rock and almost killed himself.
When the animals came to see the doctor, he gave them all the same advice, “Take off those clothes before one day they're going to kill you.” Those who listened to the doctor's advice stopped having accidents. And the animals realized that they didn't need clothes at all. Starting to wear them had been very dangerous, and they had only done it to make others admire (羡慕) them, and to get attention.
1. ________ found the socks and tried them on.
A．The son B．The bear C．The rabbit D．The rat 2. From the story we can know that________.
A．the family had a good time with the bear
B．the animals didn't like the bear's new look
C．the forest doctor told the animals not to wear clothesx
D．the squirrel couldn't go into his hole with his hat on
3. The underlined sentence “it wasn't long before the first results of
fashionfever came.” Probably means that ________.
A. soon the animals had a fever because of the clothes
B．soon the animals enjoyed wearing clothes very much
C．soon the animals became healthier in the warm clothes
D．soon the animals had lots of accidents after wearing clothes
4. The story is written to tell us ________.
A．helping others is helping yourself B．we should be careful in the forest
C．things that fit yourself are the best D．animals must be looked after well
passage 10
Andy was still travelling in Spain when he realized he had to confirm(确认) his flight home with the airline company. He was visiting Spain in order to improve his Spanish. When he was speaking to people face to face, he had no difficulty understanding what they said. However, when he was speaking on the phone, he still had a problem. Andy called the airline. And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o'clock three days from that day. She also told Andy to be at the airport two hours earlier in order to check in his luggage and get a seat.
Since he was leaving in three days, Andy didn't lose any time. He visited as many places as he could. He thought that it would probably be
some time before he had enough money again. He wished he could come back and spend a year in Spain.
The final day arrived. Andy left early for the airport to arrive two hours before take-off. He hated to rush. He went to the clerk to show his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket in surprise. "Why, sir, but your flight was at nine o'clock in the morning, and now it is eight in the evening." "But I confirmed my flight, "insisted Andy. "Will I have to pay for another ticket?"
"No, Sir. However, the next flight out will be three days from now." Andy's look of shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation.
1. Why was Andy in Spain?
A. He was there on a business trip.
B. He hoped to learn Spanish better.
C. He liked to visit places of interest in Spain.
D. He was visiting friends there.
2. Andy missed his flight because_______.
A. he forgot his flight time
B. the clerk gave him the wrong time of his flight
C. the clerk misunderstood him
D. he misunderstood the clerk
3. Which word can best describe the feeling of Andy when he came to
know that his stay in Spain would be longer?
文言文阅读训练人物传记五十篇（1）（1）张纲传 张纲少明经学，虽为公子，而厉布衣之节，举孝廉不就，司徒辟为侍御史。时顺帝委纵宦官，有识危心。纲常慨然叹曰：“秽恶满朝，不能奋身出命扫国家之难，虽生，吾不愿也。”汉安元年，选遣八使徇行风俗，皆耆儒知名，多历显位，唯纲年少，官次最微。余人受命之部，而纲独埋其车轮于洛阳都亭，曰：“豺狼当路，安问狐狸！”帝虽知纲言直，终不忍用。时，广陵贼张婴等众数万人，杀刺史、二千石，寇乱扬、徐间，积十余年，朝廷不能讨。以纲为广陵太守。前遣郡守，率多求兵马，纲独请单车之职。既到，乃将吏卒十余人，径造婴垒，以慰安之，求得与长老相见，申示国恩。婴初大惊，既见纲诚信，乃出拜谒。纲延臵上坐，问所疾苦。乃譬之曰：“前后二千石多肆贪暴，故致公等怀愤相聚。二千石信有罪矣，然为之者又非义也。今主上仁圣，欲以文德服叛，故遣太守，思以爵禄相荣，不愿以刑罚相加，今诚转祸为福之时也。若闻义不服，天子赫然震怒，大兵云合，岂不危乎？若不料强弱，非明也；充善取恶，非智也；去顺效逆，非忠也；身绝血嗣，非孝也；背正从邪，非直也；见义不为，非勇也；六者成败之几，利害所从，公其深计之。”婴深感悟，明日，将所部万余人与妻子面缚归降。纲乃单车入婴垒，散遣部众，任从所之；子弟欲为吏者，皆引召之。人情悦服，南州晏然。天子嘉美，征欲擢用纲，而婴等上书乞留，乃许之。纲在郡一年，年四十六卒。百姓老幼相携，诣府赴哀者不可胜数。张婴等五百余人制服行丧，负土成坟。（《后汉书〃张纲传》） 张纲单骑诣贼垒，谕张婴而降之，言弭盗者侈为美谈。然纲卒未几，婴复据郡以反，纲何尝能弭东南之盗哉！民行为盗，无以自容，使游泳于非逆非顺之交，翱翔而终思矫翮；抑且宠而荣之，望其悔过自惩而不萌异志，岂能得哉？张纲者，以缓一时之祸，而不暇为国谋也，何足效哉！（王夫之《读通鉴论》） 1.对下列句子中加点的词语解释，不正确的一项是（） A.厉布衣之节厉：劝勉。 B.征欲擢用纲擢：提拔 C.南州晏然晏：安定。 D.言弭盗者侈为美谈侈：夸耀 2.下列各组句子中，加点的词的意义和用法不相同的一组是（） A. 而纲独埋其车轮于洛阳都亭事不目见耳闻而臆断其有无 B. 思以爵禄相荣以乱易整，不武 C. 公其深计之惧其不已，告之于帝 D. 使游泳于非逆非顺之交与尔三矢，尔其无忘乃父之志
人物传记阅读训练（一）答案 一、①生活简朴：坐公交上班，穿打补丁的衣服，一双军绿色的解放胶鞋，下班时还会带上两个单位食堂里买的馒头。参加国际会议时穿打了三层补丁的鞋，提着人造革的破书包。住的是老旧的单元房，小客厅不到14平方米。（列举2点即可） ②爱情朴素：他们的爱情与事业紧密结合，风雨与共，相依相携。 ③对国家的挚爱：一生的重大选择都和祖国的需要连在一起。（6分，每点2分） （4）“对国家的挚爱”是何泽慧这一代人成名成家、令后人仰慕的重要原因。（2分）①由于抗日救亡的需要，何泽慧在德国留学时毅然选择实验弹道学的专业方向，这奠定了她一生事业的基础。（2分）②坚信只有科学能够使祖国尽快摆脱贫弱落后的局面，在祖国需要时，不顾一切及时回国，在十分简陋的条件下开展工作，拥有了展现自己才华的舞台。（2分）③在92岁高龄时，不小心摔断了腿，但痊愈之后照样去单位，赢得了敬重。（2分） 人物传记阅读训练（二）答案 三、汪曾祺笔下的沈从文 .①他是一个有蛮劲狠劲，敢于拼搏的人。②他是一个做事情“耐烦”，锲而不舍，对作品苦心雕琢，精益求精的人。③他是一个热爱自己的家乡的人。④他是一个看破人事乘除，得失荣辱置之度外，心地明净的人。（需结合文章分析，答出三点即可） 四、慧眼识英才 【答案】①热爱数学，锐利进取，思维缜密；②知恩善报，对恩师非常尊敬和感激；③习惯于单枪匹马地进行自我研究，语言表达能力较差。 人物传记阅读训练（三）答案 五、追随我心 ①人生有些东西是应该放弃的，所以不要固执盲目地坚持；人生有些东西是应该坚持的，所以不要轻易地放弃。（2分）②李开复对自己不感兴趣的政治学科没有坚持，对备受冷落的计算机领域的语音学没有坚持，对苹果、微软、SGI和Google的高职位没有坚持，他的人生一直是不断改变的过程，所以他是没有遗憾的。（3分）③李开复一直坚持“自己设计自己”的人生信条，一直坚持“追随本心”的人生理念，一直坚持创新的意识，且从没有放弃这些坚持，即使是在人生的辉煌时期，所以他的人生是值得尊敬的，没有遗憾的。（3分） 六、一位让人心疼的大师 （4）①面对生活的各种磨难，他能既不畏敬也不诅咒，坦然面对苦痛，冷静思考生活，超越自身苦难，创作《堂吉诃德》，达到叙事艺术的高峰。②塞万提斯在晚年时看到别人伪作《堂吉诃德》第二卷，为还读者以真实，不顾年迈体衰，极力赶写真的第二卷，这正体现了塞万提斯作为一个文人的责任感。 人物传记阅读训练（四）答案 七、答案：示例一是闲笔。①说自己“不懂美术”，但从全文内容看，作者其实有深厚的美术素养，有前后矛盾之嫌。②“我是学历史的”与文章毫无关系。去掉这两句，以“我喜欢吴先生的画”起笔更能收开门见山、简捷显明之效。（每点4分，其中观点2分，分析2分） 示例二十分必要。①说自己“不懂美术”，就可以在美术方面节省笔墨，而着力塑造人物，使文章重点突出，主次分明。②说自己“不懂美术”，却仍被吴冠中
2020年高考语文专题：人物传记 【实战演练一2018全国】阅读下面的文字，完成4～6题。 赵一曼女士阿成 伪满时期的哈尔滨市立医院，如今仍是医院。后来得知赵一曼女士曾在这里住过院，我便翻阅了她的一些资料。 赵一曼女士，是一个略显瘦秀且成熟的女性。在她身上弥漫着拔俗的文人气质和职业军人的冷峻。在任何地方，你都能看出她有别于他人的风度。 赵一曼女士率领的抗联活动在小兴安岭的崇山峻岭中，那儿能够听到来自坡镇的钟声。冬夜里，钟声会传得很远很远。钟声里，抗联的兵士在森林里烤火，烤野味儿，或者唱着“火烤胸前暖，风吹背后寒……战士们哟”……这些都给躺在病床上的赵一曼女士留下清晰回忆。 赵一曼女士单独一间病房，由警察昼夜看守。 白色的小柜上有一个玻璃花瓶，里面插着丁香花。赵一曼女士喜欢丁香花。这束丁香花，是女护士韩勇义折来摆放在那里的。听说，丁香花现在已经成为这座城市的“市花”了。 她是在山区中了日军的子弹后被捕的。滨江省警务厅的大野泰治对赵一曼女士进行了严刑拷问，始终没有得到有价值的回答，他觉得很没面子。 大野泰治在向上司呈送的审讯报告上写道: 赵一曼是中国共产党珠河县委委员，在该党工作上有与赵尚志同等的权力。她是北满共产党的重要干部，通过对此人的严厉审讯，有可能澄清中共与苏联的关系。 1936年初，赵一曼女士以假名“王氏”被送到医院监禁治疗。 《滨江省警务厅关于赵一曼的情况》扼要地介绍了赵一曼女士从市立医院逃走和被害的情况。 赵一曼女士是在6月28日逃走的。夜里，看守董宪勋在他叔叔的协助下，将赵一曼抬出医院 的后门。一辆雇好的出租车已等在那里。几个人上了车，车立刻就开走了。出租车开到文庙屠宰场的后面，韩勇义早就等候在那里，扶着赵一曼女士上了雇好的轿子，大家立刻向宾县方向逃去。 赵一曼女士住院期间，发现警士董宪勋似乎可以争取。经过一段时间的观察、分析，她觉得有把握去试一试。 她躺在病床上，和蔼地问董警士:“董先生，您一个月的薪俸是多少?” 董警士显得有些忸怩，“十多块钱吧……” 赵一曼女士遗憾地笑了，说:“真没有想到，薪俸会这样少。” 董警士更加忸怩了。 赵一曼女士神情端庄地说:“七尺男儿，为着区区十几块钱，甘为日本人役使，不是太愚蠢了吗?” 董警士无法再正视这位成熟女性的眼睛了，只是哆哆嗦嗦给自己点了一颗烟。 此后，赵一曼女士经常与董警士聊抗联的战斗和生活，聊小兴安岭的风光，飞鸟走兽，她用通俗的、有吸引力的小说体记述日军侵略东北的罪行，写在包药的纸上，董警士对这些纸片很有兴趣，以为这是赵一曼女士记述的一些资料，并不知道是专门写给他看的。看了这些记述，董警士非常向往“山区生活”，愿意救赵一曼女士出去，和她一道上山。 赵一曼女士对董警士的争取，共用了20天时间。 对女护士韩勇义，赵一曼女士采取的则是“女人对女人”的攻心术。 1 / 9
中考文言文人物传记类阅读10篇 1.阅读下面文言文，完成后面题目。 柳宗元传 元和十年，例移①为柳州刺史。时郎州司马刘禹锡得播州②刺史，制书下，宗元谓所亲曰：“禹锡有母年高，今为郡蛮方，西南绝域，往复万里，如何与母偕行。如母子异方，便为永诀。吾与禹锡执友，何忍见其若是？”即草奏章，请以柳州授禹锡，自往播。裴度亦奏其事，禹锡终易连州。 柳州土俗，以男女质③钱，过期则没④入钱主，宗元革其乡法。其以没者，乃出私钱赎之，归其父母。江岭间为进士者，不远千里随宗元师法；凡经其门，必为名士。元和十四年十月五日卒，时年四十七。观察使裴行立为营护其丧及妻子还于京师，时人义之。 （选自《旧唐书》柳宗元传》，有删改） [注释] ①例移：古代官员按惯例调任。②得播州：今责州遵义，当时为偏远荒凉的地方。③质:抵押。④没:没收。⑤营护：料理，护送。 1.下列句子朗读节奏划分正确的一项是（） A．吾与/禹锡执友B．裴度/亦奏其事 C.宗元革其/乡法D．请以柳州/授禹锡 2.解释文中加点的词 偕（）易（）妻子（） 3.翻译文中画线句子 （1）吾与禹锡执友，何忍见其若是 （2）江岭间为进士者，不远千里随宗元师法 4.选文体现了柳宗元为友、为官、为师三个方面什么样的特点？试用自己的话概括。 （1）为友： （2）为官： （3）为师： 2.阅读下面文言文，完成后面题目。 杨继盛七岁失母。庶母妒，使牧牛。继盛经里塾，睹里中儿读书，心好之。因语兄，请得从塾师学。兄言于父，听之学，然牧不废也。年十三岁，始得从师学。家贫，益自刻厉。 贬狄道典史①。其地杂番②，俗罕知诗书，继盛简子弟秀者百余人，聘三经师教之。鬻③所乘马，出妇服装，市田资诸生。县有煤山，为番人所据，民仰④薪二百里外，继盛召番人谕之，咸服曰：“杨公即须我曹⑤穹帐，亦舍之，况煤山耶！”番民信爱之，呼曰“杨父”。 （节选自《明史》卷二百九） 【注释】：①典史：知县下属最低级官吏。②杂番：指汉人和少数民族杂居。③鬻柳宗元灌水之阳，有溪焉，东流入于潇水。或曰：冉氏尝居也，故姓是溪为冉溪。或曰：可以染也，名之以其能，故谓之染溪。余以愚触罪，谪潇水上。爱是溪，入二三里，得其尤绝者家焉。今予家是溪，而名莫能定，土之居者，犹龂龂然，不可以不更也，故更之为愚溪。 愚溪之上，买小丘，为愚丘。自愚丘东北行六十步，得泉焉，又买居之，为愚泉。愚泉凡六穴，皆出山下平地，盖上出也。合流屈曲而南，为愚沟。遂负土累石塞其隘为愚池。愚池之东，为愚堂。其南，为愚亭。池之中，为愚岛。嘉木异石错置，皆山水之奇者，以余故，咸以“愚”辱焉。
人物传记类阅读理解答题技巧 【传记的定义和分类】 传记是遵循真实性原则，用形象化的方法记述人物的生活经历、精神风貌以及其历史背景的一种叙事性文体。 从叙述人称看，传记可分自传和他传。前者是作者自己撰写的。 从表达方式看，有的传记，一面记述人物的经历，一面加以评论，这种传记则被称为“评传”。如：卞毓方的《留取丹心照汗青》，朱志敏的《铁肩担道义》。 从篇幅的长短来说，它可以分为大传和小传。 【文体特点】 传记的文体特点是真实性和文学性。其中，真实性是传记的第一特征，因为传记叙写的是历史或现实中存在的活生生的人，有真名实姓、居住地点、活动范围等，写作时不允许任意虚构。但传记不同于一般的枯燥的历史记录，它具有文学性。它是写人的，有人的生命、情感在内；它通过作者的选择、剪辑、组接，倾注了爱憎的情感；它需要用艺术的手法加以表现，以达到传神的目的。 【传记的阅读要】 根据传记的文体特点和新课标，, 传记的阅读要求是：1．理清作品陈述的基本事实，把握传主的人生经历；2．分析传主的性格、情感，把握传主的性格、情感与基本
事实之间的关系； 3．理解作者的评论、思想，分析作者的评论、思想与基本事实之间的关系； 4．通过分析作品的选材、表现手法、修辞技巧、语言特色等艺术形式，了解作者这样处理的意图； 5．探讨文本反映的人生价值和时代精神，能对作者所持的观点和艺术处理提出自己的看法。（探究，答题方法：观点+文本的材料+总结） 人物传记类文本是高考实用类文本的一种类型。人物传记的主角是人物，而人物的性格、品质、思想、成就等往往是从多方面体现出来的。而对这“多方面”的概括与提炼恰恰成为了高考试题的考点。探究能力是《考试大纲》明确要求的考点，《考试大纲》说，指出探讨疑点难点，有所发现和创新，是在识记、理解、分析综合的基础上发展了的能力层级。本文就从如何做“哪些”题和如何做探究题两个角度谈谈高考实用类人物传记类文的答题技巧。一般有四个题，123为内容题4为探究题 首先谈如何做“哪些”题。题型1:内容题 我们来看下面的几个题目： 江苏卷《晚清学人杨守敬》 从文中看，哪几件事对杨守敬的学术生涯产生了重要影响?(6分)
考点八十七阅读理解之人物传记类 1.熟悉人物介绍文特点 人物传记是高考英语阅读理解题重要题材，它主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家和企业家等杰出人物在各行各业所取得的重大成就，并特别着重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服自身身体残缺或自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难，用强烈的事业心和责任感、用汗水和泪水、用鲜血和青春为人类做出巨大贡献，为生命谱写精彩乐章。当然这些杰出人物留给社会的不仅仅是和平发展和经济效益，更重要的是，他们对事业的追求和对人民的厚爱成为我们这个时代最重要的精神财富。 2.熟悉人物介绍文命题规律 (1)人物时段介绍判断题 这种试题往往以What is the article mainly about? What life part of the hero is mentioned in the text? 为设问方式考查对人物时段介绍的判断。因为人物传记往往介绍杰出人物一生学习、工作和生活情况，因此这种试题往往以The life of the hero.或The whole life of the hero is mentioned in our text.为答案。这种试题也可转换形式，以How old is the hero now? How old was the hero when he died? How many years did he live?为设问方式。因为人物传记往往要从人物出生介绍到现在/人物死亡，因此推算这些试题答案时，应仔细分析思考人物的起止年龄。 (2)童年生活质量判断题 人物传记常出现What do we know about his childhood?之类的试题。杰出人物为什么有超强的毅力和惊人的吃苦精神？因为他们从小身处逆境饱尝生活艰辛，从此发奋努学*科*网力，全力实现心中理想，因此这种试题答案多为：He lived a hard life.或He had an unhappy childhood.或He didn抰live as happy as the other children. (3)人物简历正确顺序判断题 人物传记的最大特点就是记叙人物一生的经历，因此人物简历正确顺序判断题是常考试题，这种试题往往从人物全部活动中挑选4~6个重要活动并打乱其顺序，要求学生重新排序，并选择相应正确答案。解题时应先阅读试题中所列4~6个重大事件，力争对事件有一定印象，然后回到原文中重新阅读原文，并从事件的发生、发展、高潮及事件发生的前因后果等角度仔细排列事件发生的前后顺序。解题时切忌使用一一代入法，因为这么做看似可行，其实费时又费力，而且这么做难度加大，极易产焦虑心理，陷入恶性循环。 (4)人物名言理解判断题 杰出人物经过长期默默无闻的努力终获成功后，一定会引起人们强烈关注，因此媒体采访其先进事迹并加以褒扬和宣传是理所当然的事。而最成功的人往往又是最谦虚的人，尤其是杰出人物平凡甚至卑微的出生让他们觉得自己的成功算不上什么，不值得大竖特竖，因此这些杰出人物谦虚的语言往往成为新闻媒体更为关注的内容，这也成了杰出人物最能打动人们的地方。因此人物传记阅读理解常出现人物名言理解判断题。这些试题往往以“… ”means_________.为设问方式考查对人物名言的学@科@网正确理解。其答案往往为I
人物传记专题阅读（一） 黄遵宪的外交活动（2010辽宁卷）作为清朝第一任驻日使馆参赞，黄遵宪表现出很强的历史责任感。除协助公使处理外交事务外，他“既居东二年，稍稍习其文，读其书，与其士大夫交游”。黄遵宪不愿埋首经籍，主张“识时贵知今，通情贵阅世”，走经世致用之路。为了澄清过去封建士大夫对日本的糊涂概念，“遂发凡起例，创为《日本国志》一书”。该书以“史家纪述，务从实录”为主导思想，力求客观地向中国人民全面、准确地介绍日本的历史及现状，“详今略古，详近略远，凡牵涉西法，尤加详备，期适用也”。显然，黄遵宪想要通过叙述日本明治维新的改革历史，为中国的改革提供借鉴。书中以叙述日本历史为经，以评论古今得失为纬。用“外史氏曰”的形式，阐发他的见解，从而把自己的改革思想糅合进日本史的叙述之中。 1891年11月1日，黄遵宪被任命为清政府驻新加坡总领事。到任后，他详察南洋各岛情形，体察侨民疾苦，并着手改善侨胞待遇。当地英国殖民者设立的华民政务司“名为护卫华人，实则事事与华人为难”，甚至敲诈勒索。黄遵宪一面与英国殖民主义者斗争，一面将《大清律例》中有关财产各条抄出，并译成英文，要求总督交给华侨聚居地承审官“一体遵办”，以保护华侨的财产。同时，黄遵宪还提倡发展华文教育，改会贤社为图南社。他亲任社长，拟定学规。每月设定课题，鼓励南洋诸生学习中国文化，研究地方礼俗，关心民事民疾。当他卸任归国时，门生潘百禄在《送黄观察公度夫子返国》一诗中，用“遂令蛮貊文明开”、“无异岭表韩公来”表达对老师的赞誉之情。（侧面描写） 《马关条约》签订后，准开沙市、重庆、苏州、杭州为通商口岸。中日双方进行具体交涉时，黄遵宪受委派主持苏、杭两地谈判事宜。他谈判的对手是日本著名外交家珍田舍己。当时，珍田摆出一副盛气凌人的架势，要求在苏、杭开埠，专界专管，并且蛮横地说：“奉本国政府接受专管租界之命，但求按约指地。”黄遵宪毫不示弱，不
《中国，只有一个陈寅恪》阅读与答 案 代文 中国，只有一个寅恪 昌 ① 富有人气的寅恪，本是一个正的学人。他学广博、精深，在宗教、史学、言、人学、校勘学、文学上的建高，尤以中古史的研究卓不群。 ②____ 年，十三的寅恪随兄衡恪留学日本，后赴美在哈佛学梵文、巴黎文， ____年又赴德国，在柏林大学研究院研究梵文和其他方古文字学。旨趣在“以求知志”。他留学十多年却没有得博士学位。 ____年， 吴宓寅恪国学研究院教授。清校曹云祥梁启超：“他是哪一国的博士？”梁答：“他不是博士，也不是士。”曹云祥又：“他都有些什么著作？”梁答：“也没有什么著作。”曹听表示。梁启超有点生气地：“我梁某人也没有博士学位，著作嘛，算是等身了，但共不如寅恪先生寥寥数百字有价??”梁启超列了柏林大学、巴黎大学名教授寅恪的推誉之。曹云祥同意了。 ④ 他是一位“怪人”。国文考加是科代的方式——子，以此学 生的博寡、丰富与否及音韵学、学。此 招致誉参半，但“寓意甚深”，可“ 作者的想力和美感力” 以及“表文学的天才和造，而修辞的程度更可以从里流露出来”。
他既开风气也为师，一面向学生提示可走的新路，一面指导学生如何 去做。出于他的声望，北大的学生为不失名师的教诲也来清华园听课。 那时陈寅恪不过三十多岁，还是单身汉。虽已被人称为“教授的教授”，但他每周还要花两天时间进城跟人学西夏文和蒙古文。他的勤奋令学生们脸红，也激发了学生们的勤勉精神。 ⑤ 陈寅恪也不乏幽默。研究院导师梁启超、王国维曾是帝师， 他便送学生们一副对联：“南海圣人再传弟子，大清皇帝同学少年。” 罗家伦出任清华校长时，送陈寅恪一本他编的《科学与玄学》，陈回赠一副对联：“不通家法科学玄学，语无伦次中文西文。”横批是“儒 将风流”。罗问作何解，他解释说：“你在北伐中官拜少将，不是儒 将吗？又讨了个漂亮的太太，正是风流。”这两副对联被传诵一时。 ⑥陈寅恪与王国维私交甚笃。____年，王国维于昆明湖自沉。 在向静安先生遗体告别时，研究院的学生们在先，行的是三鞠躬，而陈寅恪行三跪九叩大礼。他送挽联，撰《王观堂先生挽词》，赋诗言 哀。次年，他又应研究院众学生之请为王观堂先生撰写碑铭，于碑文中阐发观堂先生“独立之精神，自由之思想”的心曲。 ⑦ 太平洋战争爆发时，陈寅恪一家在香港，食品奇缺，没有吃 的。一位日本学者写信给日军军部希望不要为难他。军部行文给香港 司令部，司令部派宪兵送去好多袋面粉，陈寅恪与夫人坚拒，不吃嗟来之食，面临行将饿毙，也不为五斗米折腰。 ⑨ 胡适曾说：“寅恪治史学，当然是今日最渊博、最有识见、最 能用材料的人。”傅斯年也说过：“陈先生的学问近三百年来一个人 而已。”更有人在谈及他的受世之尊之地位时说：“中国，只有一个 陈寅恪！”
2017年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语阅读理解 （全国Ⅰ） 第1题D Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education. Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education. Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing. Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins. Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent（独立的）spirit in their work. Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目标）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools . 68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir? A. Top managers. B. Language learners. C. Serious educators. D. Science organizations. 69. The words “hooked oh teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________. A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching
2014全国高考汇编阅读之人物传记类 一（2014广东卷） A Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鸣曲）by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him. Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable .They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn’t even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music. Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note,” says Samuel. Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it. Samuel s ays confidently,” It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.” However, Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word. Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies. 26.What is special about Samuel Osmond?
人物传记阅读之高考真题训练 (2016全国Ⅰ卷)12．阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。（25分） 寻找属于自己的句子 1942年夏，陈忠实出生在陕西农村。上中学时，陈忠实读赵树理的《三里湾》和柳青到的《创业史》，得到滋养，萌发了文学梦。也许是好事多磨，1962年高中毕业后，他未能如愿上大学读中文系。这个20岁的青年，常常一个人坐在家乡的灞河边，想着文学，想着寻找属于自己的句子。 三年之后，陈忠实的散文《夜过流沙沟》在1965年3月8日的《西安晚报》文艺副刊上发表，他的文学生涯由此正式开始。但直到1979年小说《信任》获得全国优秀短篇小说奖，他才确立了文学上的自信。他感觉自己不再是一个文学爱好者和业余作者了，是年9月25日，他加入中国作家协会。又一个三年之后，陈忠实40岁，他的第一个短篇小说集《乡村》出版，赢得“小柳青”的名声，工作单位也换成陕西省作家协会，他终于是一名专业作家了。 随着年岁的增长和时代的变化，陈忠实越来越觉得要从赵树
理、柳青的文学中剥离出来。他将这个愿望写进了小说《蓝袍先生》中。小说写于1985年，一个认知作者的标志性年份。这年的最后10天，他随中国作家代表团出访泰国。第一次走出国门的陈忠实特意置办了一套质地不错的西装。当他第一次穿上西装打上领带站在穿衣镜前的时候，脑海里浮现出刚完成的小说的主人公蓝袍先生。蓝袍先生多年以来一直穿着蓝色长袍，受到同学讥笑以后才脱下蓝袍，换上“列宁装”。陈忠实认为那是摆脱封建残余桎梏、获得精神解放的象征。脱下了几十年的中山装、换上西装的那一刻，他切实意识到自己就是蓝袍先生。 1985年的泰国之行让陈忠实深受刺激，他联想起家乡人自嘲的称呼。相比那些见多识广的城市人，他们把自己称作“乡棒”。游逛在曼谷的超市大楼，看着五颜六色、各式各样的服装，作家觉得眼花缭乱。那一刻，他觉得不仅自己是“乡棒”，教他观察服装的北京作家郑万隆也是“乡棒”。面对世界，1985年的中国人大都是“乡棒”。他痛感自己需要从什么地方剥离出来，将自己彻底打开，不仅要在生活上打开自己，更重要的是要在思想上打开自己。 在剥离的愿望中，陈忠实认识到必须写一部史诗般的长篇小说，才能在文学上确立自己。这时，各种新近阅读过的长篇
话题五：人物传记类 (一) Arthur Miller (1915—2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria-Hungary, drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s. Miller's most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end. When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards. Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway. 1．Why did Arthur Miller's father move to the USA? A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country. B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream.” C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist. D. His family business failed 2．The play Death of a Salesman________. A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller D. focuses on the skills in doing business 3．What can we learn about Willy Loman? A. He treats his employer badly. B. He runs the Wagner Company. C. He is a victim of the American system. D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues. 4．After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman________. A. achieved huge success B. won the first Tony Award C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen D. was severely attacked by dramatists 5．What is the text mainly about? A. Arthur Miller and his family. B. The awards Arthur Miller won. C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. D. Arthur Miller and his best-known play. 答案与解析 1．B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Miller's father had moved to the USA
高考语文实用类文本阅读----人物传记练习一 二、吉林省五校高考高端命题研究协作体2016届第一次摸底考试语文试题 阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。（25分） 纳什：无常命运中的美丽心灵 对于很多人来说，数学家可能是遥不可及的存在。他们醉心于那个由各种抽象符号组成的世界，而似乎离现实很远很远。《美丽心灵》以诺贝尔经济学奖获奖者约翰·纳什的经历为素材，讲述了一位患上精神分裂症的数学天才，在爱与理智的帮助下，逐渐痊愈的感人故事。但电影毕竟是艺术抽象，它偏重于纳什博士与精神分裂症抗争的过程。那么，他属于数学家的一面，又是如何呢？ “这人是个天才。” 这就是纳什的硕士导师给他写的推荐信，只有一句话的推荐信。 约翰·纳什的确是个天才。中学时代，他就开始在附近的大学旁听高等数学的课程了。尔后，他得到了卡耐基技术学院的奖学金，攻读数学。仅仅用了三年时间，他就完成了硕士学位。哈佛大学与普林斯顿大学都向他伸出了橄榄枝。普林斯顿提供的奖学金比较多，纳什认为这表明普林斯顿更看重他的才能。“士为知己者死“，纳什选择了普林斯顿。 刚进入普林斯顿的纳什，不像电影描述的那个腼腆的天才。相反，他属于骄傲好胜的类型。他不爱上课不爱看书，相对于跟随前人的步伐，他更喜欢自己在数学的世界探索。吹着巴赫曲子的口哨，他可以独自做上一整夜数学，不知疲倦。 但普林斯顿并不是只有他一位数学天才。这些天才凑在一起，总爱分个高下，而像国际象棋和围棋之类的智力对抗游戏恐怕最对他们的胃口了，不像电影中描述的那样，纳什其实算得上下棋高手。实际上，纳什当时研究的博弈论，正是一门以各种博弈为研究对象的应用数学分支。 当纳什在1950年发表对非合作博弈的研究时，博弈学界眼前为之一亮。以此为题材，纳什完成了他的博士论文。可是，此时纳什的研究兴趣早已转向更纯粹的数学领域。甚至
初中阅读理解之人物传记/故事阅读类 passage 1 During his life Dr James Naismith worked as a doctor, taught P.E and wrote several books. While he never thought it very important, Dr Naismith is today best known for one thing. He was the inventor of basketball. Dr James Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA. One day the school principal told James he was having a problem with the students. Because of heavy snow, the students could not go outside. He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something. It was on the very last day that James came up with his idea. The “birth of basketball” is said to be on December 21, 1891, when two teams from the school played the first game. It was quite different from the basketball games of today. It had 9 players on each team and footballs were used instead of basketballs. Soon after, the game changed to 5 players on each side, using special “basketballs” through nets. Although Dr Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game it is today, in 1936, just three years before his death, basketball became an Olympic sport at the games in Berlin. 1. Which of the following things did Dr James Naismith NOT do?