初中阅读理解之人物传记

文言文阅读人物传记一、课外阅读（2022·福建·中考真题）阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。

友人袁炳，字叔明，陈郡阳夏人。

其人天下之士，幼有异才，学无不览，文章俶傥①清淡出一时，任心观书，不为章句之学。

常念荫松柏咏诗书志气跌宕不与俗人交。

俯眉．．暂仕①，历国常侍员外郎、府功曹、临湘令。

粟之入者，悉散以赡亲。

其为节也如此，数百年未有此．人焉。

撰《晋史》，奇功未遂，不幸卒官，春秋二十有八。

与余有青云之交网，非直．衔杯酒而已。

（节选自江淹《袁友人传》）【注】①俶傥：卓异不凡。

①仕：为官。

①青云之交：喻指同有高远之志的友谊。

1．根据语境，参考方法提示，解释下列加点词语的意思。

加点词语方法提示解释（填写文字）数百年未有此人关联教材渔歌互答，此乐何极！（《岳阳楼记》）（1）此：___________非直衔杯酒而已使用词典选择义项直：①一直；①只是；①当，对着。

（2）直：___________俯眉暂仕参考词典解释，联系语境形成新的解释俯眉：低下头。

（3）俯眉：___________2．下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是（）A．常念荫松柏/咏诗书/志气跌宕/不与俗人交。

B．常念荫松柏/咏诗书志/气跌宕/不与俗人交。

C．常念荫松柏/咏诗书/志气跌宕不与/俗人交。

D．常念荫松柏/咏诗书志/气跌宕不与/俗人交。

3．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

（1）粟之入者，悉散以赡亲。

（2）撰《晋史》，奇功未遂，不幸卒官，春秋二十有八。

4．作者对袁炳的读书和写作赞赏有加，请简要分析。

【答案】1．这样只是委屈自己2．A3．（1）俸禄所得，都分散给别人赡养父母。

（2）他编撰《晋史》，非凡的功业没有完成，不幸死在任上，年纪二十八岁。

4．①读书：博览群书，有所取舍；①写作：文章卓异不凡，文风清新恬淡。

【解析】1．本题考查词语意思的理解。

可根据方法提示中的方法进行理解分析（1）“此乐何极”的“此”是“这样”的意思，因此“数百年未有此人”的“此”也是“这样”的意思。

阅读理解之人物故事/传记类阅读（一）Hannay was nervous. His enemies (敌人)were searching for him. All around him were grassy hills without trees. He had nowhere to hide. How could he escape?Hannay walked along the country for a long time. Then he saw a road worker, who was working alone, fixing the road. Hannay could see the road worker was not feeling well. Hannay came up to him and said “How are you?”“My head hurts,” the worker said, “I can’t do it. I want to go home to bed. My daughter got married yesterday, and I drank a lot of wine with my friends. That’s the problem!”Hannay agreed that he should be home in bed.“Yes, and I would be,” he replied,”but yesterday I received a message saying that the new surveyor was coming to look at my work. If he comes and finds me away, I’ll be in trouble.”Suddenly Hannay had bright idea--he could act as the road worker and get away from his enemies.“You go off to bed,” Hannay said,”I’ll do your job until the new surveyor comes.”The road worker was pleased with this idea. He gave Hannay his hat and his old coat. Then he went home to sleep and perhaps to drink a bit more. Hannay put on the worker’s hat and coat and began to fix the road. About an hour later h e heard a voice.“Are you the road worker?” it asked.It was the new surveyor. He was a young man with a clean face. He sat in a small car.Hannay said yes. The surveyor told him about some work he wanted him to do before he came by again and drove off. Hannay continued with his work.Then a village boy came by.”What has happened to the road worker?” he asked.“He stayed at home today,” Hannay replied.”He’s sick.”At about midday, a large car came down the hill and stopped near Hannay. Three man got ou t of the car. Hannay’s heart beat fast. He knew his enemies were coming...1.What is this passage probably taken from?A.A history book.B. A travel book.C. A novelD. A science book.2.Why was the road worker feeling ill?A.He had a cold.B.He hadn’t eaten all day.C.He had been working all day.D.He drank too much at his daughter’s wedding.3.Who did NOT come by while Hannay was working on the road？A.The surveyor.B. The road worker’s daughter.C. Hanna y’s enemies.D. A village boy.4.What can we infer (推断)from the story?A.Hannay helped the road worker because he was warm-hearted.B.The grassy hills were a perfect hiding place for Hannay.C.The surveyor had lot of working experience.D.The village boy knew the road worker.5.What is the correct order of the story？①Hannay met a road worker who was not feeling well and offered to take over for him.②Hannay was worried because his enemies were following him.③A car stopped near Hannay and three men got out.④Hannay acted as the road worker when the surveyor came by.⑤The village boy wondered what had happened to the road worker.A.②→①→④→⑤→③B.②→①→④→③→⑤C. ①→④→②→⑤→③D.①→④→②→③→⑤（二）Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for example, never went to school and taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs as a worker, a shopkeeper and a post officer in his early years. A larger number of US presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general(将军) in the American Civil War. It happened that they came from the same school—West Point Military Academy(西点军校). One may be surprised to learn that both of them didn’t do w ell in the school. Eisenhower, for example, was fined(罚款) becausehe broke the rules of the school.The jobs of the US president are tiring. He must keep an eye on everything important which happened both at home and abroad. Every day, a lot of work waited for him to do and he had to make many important decisions. When Franklin Roosevelt was a child, he was once brought to visit President Taft. The old president said to him,“When you grow up, you should not be a president. It’s a tiring job.”[来1. In the nineteenth century, many US presidents _______.A. got poor education during their childhoodB. didn’t like to go to school in their early yearsC. got good education during their childhoodD. hadn’t any knowledge in their work at all2. In the last paragraph, the underlined phrase “keep an eye on” means “_______”.A. pay no attention toB. take care ofC. never sleep all the dayD. look at everything with one eye3. What can be inferred(推测) from the passage?A. Most of the people who had studied at West Point Military Academy became presidents.B. Only those who didn’t study well at school could be presidents.C. All the American presidents were born in poor families.D. Many American presidents had served in the army before they took office.4. Which of the following is TRUE?A. In the US, no one wanted to be president.B. US presidents’ jobs are important and tiring.C. None of the presidents except Taft would like to do the tiring job.D. President Taft didn’t want Roosevelt to be a president because he was too young.（三）For years I went to school by bus, so I met many “familiar” strangers. We took the same bus but didn’t know each other’s names. I used to think it was impossible for us to be true friends. How wrong I was! Smiles from the “nameless” people have changed my thoughts.The first time on the bus, I saw different faces, we met, greeted and cold faces turned into smiling faces. As days went on, we chatted like old friends.But I felt it a pity that I was unable to set up the same friendship with a silent girl in the front of the bus. Her old clothing suggested that she didn’t have much money, but she always took a cup of water for the driver. I guessed she was a kind girl. But why did she sit in silence instead of talking with us? Why did she never reply to our friendly greetings? Couldn’t she smile?Then, one evening, I got the answer. I walked to the park nearby and found the girl sitting alone under a tree, lonely and sad. I greeted her with the same warm smile that I had shown to her all these months, but this time her face turned red with a shy smile. As soon as she began her first words, I understood why she hadn’t spoken to us before. Talking was hard for her.I learned her story: Her parents worked hard somewhere. She lived with her disabled grandparents. She said, “I can’t express myself very well. Most of the time, I can’t say what I want to say. I have no friends but… you always smile to me like an angel…so I also want to smile.” That evening, we exchanged our names and we said goodbye like old friends.Smile is the key to opening the door of heart; it can break the cold walls in front of us.1. All the following words can describe the girl Except __________.A. silentB. kindC. proudD. poor2. The writer often met the girl __________.A. on the busB. in the parkC. at schoolD. under the tree3. Which of the following is True?A. The girl only talked with the driver.B. The girl was too shy to talk with others.C. The writer knew the name of the girl that evening.D. The writer can’t m ake friends with those nameless people on the bus now.4. The main idea of the passage is that __________.A. we should help those silent peopleB. smiles can deal with every difficulty we meetC. we should smile to the nameless people on the busD. smiles can help us get closer and understand each other better（四）Michael Morpurgo is one of Britain's best loved story makers whose book War Horse is taught in school. He made a speech at Book Trust Annual Lecture. When talking about tests, he said that too much testing in schools was taking the joy out of reading for children because it destroyed their confidence and resulted in feelings of shame and disappointment.Mr. Morpurgo said testing was "supposed to encourage" all children, whether they passed or not, but his was not the case. "When you fail, it brings a sense of worthlessness. It separates you from those who have passed, rocks confidence, and destroys hopes and dreams." For children who pass, they can have the opportunity to receive the great cultural and material benefits of our society through developing an enjoyment of reading.But for children who fail, they are made to feel that the world of books, stories and ideas is not for them, and they are not clever enough to join that world. It is not the world they belong to, and it is shut off from them forever.As the president of Book Trust, Mr. Morpurgo also criticized schools for taking the wonder of stories and playfulness of language. Schools have been teaching reading by turning stories into a series of comprehension and grammar tests, because they insist that measurable（可量化的）outcomes and results are the be-all and end-all of the education process. But blaming （责备）governments or schools is passing the buck --- it is a society as a whole that is responsible for whether its children succeed or fail in education, and everyone should make an effort to ensure that reading itself is a pleasure experience for all children.Mr. Morpurgo, who was a primary teacher before becoming a writer, wants to see a “story time” introduces in every primary school, when stories are read aloud, at the end of each day. His Book Trust lecture called on schools and the governmemt to keep libriries open, for parents to read to their children every night, etc. “Story time” wo uld be a special time with no testing or teaching. “Let the children go home dreaming of the story, reliving it, wonder… All the rest will come later. Once the seed is sown, the fore is lit, children will want to learn. So give them the love of story first; the rest will follow.”Diana Gerald, the co-worker of Book Trust, said, “Reading isn’t a tick-list of books. That need to have been read;nor is it just a skill to be learned then put aside. The ability of reading and writing can, and should be tested; reading for pleasure needs to be valued and seen more like exercise-do it as regularly as you can, make it fun and red together whenever possible for maximum benefits.”1. What does the expression “passing the buck” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Valuable.B. Irresponsible.C. Unnecessary.D. Harmful.2. According to the passage, what should children do at their “story time”?A. Enjoy reading.B. Prepare for tests.C. Practise writing stories.D. Tick their book lists.3. Which of the following is Mr. Morpurgo’s suggestion?A. Test should be canceled in schools.B. Children should join the Book Trust.C. Reading for pleasure should be encouraged.D. The government should build more libraries.4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Mr. Morpurgo hopes to become a primary teacher.B. Children who are tested can’t get the joy from reading.C. Mr. Morpurgo wants his book War Horse to be read often in schools.D. Chilrdren who fail in tests probably won’t explore the wonder of stories.（五）DIY is very popular in China now. Yang Chen works for a computer business in Beijing. Though he enjoys his work, it is hard for him to relax(放松) after work.“For a long time, I had no choice(选择) except going to a bar for a drink and karaoke(卡拉OK) to relax myself,” he said.One day when he saw many toy dogs in a toy shop, he had an idea. “Why not do some kinds of things and relax myself?” Then he began to make model planes, model ships and something else. The things that he made by himself didn’t look as professionally(专业地) made as those in the shops, but he liked doing it. “It is not as much fun to play with things as the things we bought expensively from the shops,” he said. Now his bookshelves are full of many kinds of things he h as made. They are very beautiful, and his family and friends like them very much.More and more young people are like Yang, making or creating(创造) things on their own. They like to do them themselves.Though making things with our own hands may take much time, some people, now known as DIYers—do-it-yourselfers, enjoy doing them very much. They can make all kinds of things they like. DIY is becoming more and more popular in China. It may be new to the young, yet many people remember when it was a way of life.During the 1960s and 1970s, when there were not enough living things for people to live on, they had to use their own hands to do many things. White washing the wall or making clothes was a part of life because there was no other choice. If you wanted something done, you had to do it yourself; and if you needed something, you made it yourself.1. Yang Chen________ in his free time in the past.A. played computersB. went to a bar for a drink and karaokeC. enjoyed his workD. made something by himself2. Things that Yang Chen made________ .A. look as professionally made as those in the shopsB. are much more expensive than those in the shopsC. are popular with his family and friendsD. are only model planes and ships3. Many young people like making things by themselves because________ .A. they want to make more moneyB. they do them for funC. there are not enough living things for them to live onD. they can’t buy them anywhere4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A. DIY is becoming more and more popular in China.B. More and more people begin to make model planes.C. Between the 1960s and 1970s, people liked making things themselves.D. More and more young people are like Yang Chen.5. The main idea of the passage is________ .A. Yang Chen has a new hobbyB. how young people create new thingsC. DIY is a good way of lifeD. DIY was a part of life in the past（六）I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the more wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different t hings for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she’d said again, “it’s for Elizabeth. ”I never saw her get angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface(表面)”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any wayshe chose that she did forgive(原谅) me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.My hope turned to disappointment(失望), then little interest and, finally, peace— it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen wor k. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside —a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded(折叠) and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.1. The writer began to love her mother’s desk ______.A. after Mother diedB. before she became a writerC. when she was a childD. when Mother gave it to her2. The passage shows that ______.A. mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. mother cared much about her daughter in wordsD. mother wrote to her daughter in careful words3. The word “gulf” in the passage means ______.A. deep understanding between the old and the youngB. different ideas between the mother and the daughterC. free talks between mother and daughterD. part of the sea going far in land4. What did mother do with her daughter’s letter asking fo rgiveness?A. She had never received the letter.B. For years, she often talked about the letter.C. She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in all her life.D. She read the letter again and again till she died.5. What’s the best title of the passage?A. My letter to MotherB. Mother and ChildrenC. My mother’s DeskD. Talks between Mother and Me（七）One day Peng Xianzhe learned he would go to the Mashan School in Guizhou. The 16-year-old boy tried to imagine how serious the drought was for the students at that school. However, he realized it was more serious than he had imagined when he saw the sign “DON’T wash clothes with water，or you will be punished（惩罚）. ”Because of drought, the school has been short of water for a long time. Each student has only one bottle of water every day for washing and drinking. The drought has made the poor students much poorer.Peng is a student from Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School. He took part in the school’s Rain & Bow Project from April 2 to 10.The project idea came from Peng’s principal（负责人）. One day, she heard a sad story about Li Guoxian, a poor girl in the Mashan School，who stopped going to school because of drought. The principal started this project to help the school. In one day, 3，000 students made over 10，000 donations of water，books and clothes.Peng and other four students went to the Mashan School and gave the donations with five teachers. They visited poor families, made surveys and had classes at the school.Ding Zhentao，16，was worried about the school’s poor learning environment. “The blackboards and playground are too shabby to use，”Ding said. “Besides, there really aren’t enough teachers. A teacher has to teach both history and English, and even the cook is a class teacher. ”Although life isn’t easy, students at the school have a positive attitude(积极的态度）towards life and they are quite willing to learn. That’s what moved 16-year-old Chen Shi most.“They sang their songs together as usual before class every afternoon. After class, the students asked us to tell them things about Beijing and our studies,” Chen said. “You can see the passion(热情）in them. I believe it will make a difference. Their futures will be bright. ”1.Which school does Peng Xianzhe study？A. Mashan School.B. Beijing Chaoyang Foreign Language School.C. Project School.D. Training School.2. The underlined word“shabby”means in Chinese.A. 黑乎乎的B.光滑的C.破旧不堪的D.不平整3. Who started the school’s Rain & Bow Project？A. The principal of the foreign language school.B. Peng Xianzhe, a 16-year-old boy.C. Chen Shi, a student from Beijing.D. Li Guoxian, a poor girl in Guizhou.4. How many people went to the Mashan School and gave the donations?A. Four.B. Five.C. Nine.D. Ten.（八）Where is Love? How can we find Love?Once a little boy wants to meet Love. He knows it is a long trip to where Love lives, so he gets his things ready with some pizzas and drinks and starts off. When he passes three streets, he sees an old woman sitting in the park and watching some birds. She looks very hungry. The boy gives her a pizza. She takes it and smiles at him. The smile is so beautiful that he wants to see it again, so he gives her a Coke. She smiles once again. The boy is very happy.They sit there all the afternoon, eating and smiling, but they say nothing. When it grows dark, the boy wants to leave. But before he goes more than a few steps, he turns around, runs back to the old woman and gives her a hug(拥抱). The woman gives him her biggest smile ever.When the boy opens the door of his house, his mother is surprised by the look of joy(快乐)on his face and asks what makes him so happy. “I had lunch with Love. She has the most beautiful smile in the world.” At the same time, the old woman’s son is also surprised at his mother’s pleasure(快乐) and asks why.“I had a pizza in the park with Love,” she says, “and he is much younger than I expected.”If the world is full of love, we can enjoy a better life.1. When the little boy sees the old woman, she is ________.A. looking for a seat in the parkB. passing the streetC. looking at some birdsD. having a pizza2. The little boy gives the old woman a Coke because ________.A. the old woman still feels hungryB. he wants to see the smile againC. he doesn’t like the drinkD. the old woman pays him for it3. The old woman gives the little boy the biggest smile ________.A. after the little boy goes homeB. before it grows darkC. when she is drinking CokeD. after the little boy hugs her4. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The little boy doesn’t find Love.B. The little boy and the old woman find what they want at last.C. The little boy doesn’t want to go home.D. The old woman gives the little boy a hug to thank him.（九）A class teacher，in my opinion，plays an important role in a child's development.Every year when my daughter moves to a new class，I have a usual big worry—her new class teacher.This year，she is moving to Class Three and I can't wait to see how things are going on.Last year，my daughter did not like her teacher at all.It was so bad that she did not look forward to school.It was a year full of trouble and worries.This year，Miss Purity is gentle and humorous.It's hard not to like her.Here are the changes in my daughter.She becomes an early st year，mornings were like a fight because I had to force Tasha to hurry up when she was preparing for school.I had to pull her out of bed，tell her to take breakfast and then drove her to school.But now，our mornings are like a party.She wakes up early，prepares everything at a high speed and then rushes to school to be with Miss Purity.She's happy.She enjoys school and school work and keeps talking about what they did at school when she comes home.She's responsible.She used to be careless and forgetful.But now she never forgets even her water bottle at school.She makes her bed and helps in the kitchen.Her diary is full of praises.The diary is the tool of communication between the teacher and the st year，her diary was always full of negative reports.One time，she poured water in a child's lunchbox，and another time she threw another kid's textbook in the toilet.Now she begins to share her snacks with those who do not have anything.She's always volunteering to clean the blackboard，the teacher's chair and desk.She does well in school.Finishing her classwork was such a big problem.She had to do it at home.But now，she finishes both the classwork and homework at school.1.What is the big worry of Tasha's father every year?A．Who will be Tasha's class teacher. B．Which class Tasha will be in.C．How Tasha goes to school in the morning. D．What Miss Purity looks like.2.What did Tasha do when she didn't like her class teacher?A．She had a fight with her mother in the morning. B．She didn't want to go to school.C．She missed a lot of classes. D．She refused to do classwork and homework.3.What does“early bird”mean in the passage?A．It is a lovely little child. B．It is the most beautiful bird.C．It is someone who lives alone. D．It is someone who gets up early.4.Which of the following is not true about Tasha's past?A．She couldn't finish her classwork at school. B．She often forgot things at school.C．She didn't get on well with her classmates. D．She was careless and silent.5.What is not mentioned about the changes in Tasha?A．Her progress with Miss Purity. B．Her hobbies.C．Her habit of living. D．Her behaviors at school.（十）The Silk Road is the name of different roads that long ago connected Europe，Africa and Asia.People reached these different places along these roads.Scientists believe people began to travel the Silk Road about 3，000 years ago.By the time the Chinese silk trade became important in the world，the Silk Road covered almost 6，500 kilometers.It went from Rome to China，which is from the West to the Far East.Merchants traveled along the Silk Road to carry silk，of course.They also carried and traded other things like spices(香料)，cloth，jewels and gold.Alo ng and around these ancient path(小路)，have come many fascinating and mysterious stories.It is sa id that Roman soldiers who lost a war traveled through central Asia.They decided to live somewhere near the ancient Chinese villages.Some of these Romans married local Chinese women and the legend of the blondhaired，blueeyed tribes of China was started.Some historians believe that the people of Kashmir were taken away from their country Israel.They were prisoners(俘虏) of war almost 2，800 years ago.People say that these people traveled along the Silk Road.They kept their Jewish way of life for a long time.During its busiest period，the Silk Road allowed people from many different cultures and countries to meet each other and mix.The Silk Road allowed the sharing of valuable things and new ideas.It included people and trading goods from different areas.All these people traveled the Silk Road.And they shared goods，stories，languages，and cultures.In modern times，the old Silk Road routes(路线) are still used，but now they are crossed by trains instead of camels and horses.There is even A Silk Route Muse um in Jiuquan in China.It has over 35，000 objects from all along the Silk Road.In this way，China protects the history of many countries and peoples.1. It is clear that________．A．the Silk Road was divided into Europe，Africa and AsiaB．Roman soldiers would like to travel along the Silk RoadC．people could travel to different countries along the Silk RoadD．people shared only silk on the Silk Road2.The underlined wo rd “Merchants” in the passage probably means________．A．foreigners B．businessmen C．soldiers D．prisoners3. According to the passage，________．A．the Silk Road began with the warsB．the Silk Road covered almost 6，500 kilometers in ChinaC．people began to travel the Silk Road about 3，000 years agoD．people from Israel were not included among people on the Silk Road4.The old Silk Road routes are still used because________．A．there are many old stories about themB．the historians and scientists think highly of themC．China will make good use of t he Silk Road againD．people can keep on traveling and trading along them5.The best title for the passage can be________．A．Stories along the Silk Road B．Silk Route MuseumC．Trade for Silk D．The West and The Far East参考答案1、1C 2D 3B 4D 5A2、1A 2B 3D 4B3、1C 2A 3C 4D4、1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D5、1B 2C 3B 4A 5C6、1C 2A 3B 4D 5C7、1B 2C 3A 4D8、1C 2B 3D 4B9、1A 2B 3D 4D 5B10、 1C 2B 3C 4D 5A。

七下易考课外阅读理解人物传记一、钱伟长：矮个子的“科学巨人”钱伟长，中国近代力学奠基人，著名力学家、应用数学家、教育家，2010年7月30日辞世，享年98岁。

“活到老，学到老，做到老”是钱伟长的口头禅。

他幼时家境清寒，身体很瘦弱。

18岁那年考入清华大学时，身高只有1．49米。

然而，就是这样一个“清华历史上首位身高不达标的学生”，在就读的第二学年，竟一鸣惊人地入选清华越野代表队，两年后更以13秒4的成绩夺得全国大学生对抗赛跨栏季军。

曾代表国家队参加远东运动会，跨栏、越野跑样样拿手，还是清华足球队的球星呢。

历史考满分却要学物理钱伟长1912年出生在江苏无锡县一个名叫七房桥的小村庄。

祖父和父叔辈都是乡村教师。

父亲英年早逝，钱伟长受四叔钱穆的影响最大，钱穆仅上过中等师范学校，靠艰苦奋斗自学成才，毕生著述甚丰。

四叔不仅资助钱伟长完成中等教育，而且经常让其陪读，少年钱伟长跟着四叔博览群书，打下了深厚的国学根底。

1931年中学毕业后，钱伟长在一个月内，在上海连考了清华大学、交通大学、中央大学、武汉大学和浙江大学五个大学的考试。

此时，四叔已到北京大学任教。

他从北平来信，建议侄儿到清华读书。

清华大学根据他的考试成绩——历史与国文成绩最好、历史竟得满分，准备把他分到中文系或历史系去。

然而，当时中国正处于被列强欺辱的弱势，一股强大的力量推动着他走上弃文学理的道路，他决定读物理系。

由于钱伟长物理分数太低，物理系主任吴有训坚决不允。

而历史系主任陈寅恪又到处打听这位历史满分的学生为何不来报到。

陈寅恪处由钱穆去商量，吴有训处由顾颉刚出面通融。

吴有训教授被这个学生的诚挚热情打动了，他对钱伟长说：“那好吧，你先在物理系学习一年，如果到了期末考试，你的物理和高等数学的成绩达不到70分的话，再改学文史不晚。

”钱伟长欣然接受了这个条件。

他凭着刻苦精神，攻克了学习上的一道道难关。

一个学年下来，他各门功课的成绩均在70以上。

等到他从清华毕业时，吴有训教授已经非常器重这个有志气的青年人了，把他收为自己的研究生。

(完整word版)七年级语文文言文阅读-人物传记类阅读10篇(含答案),推荐文档(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整word版)七年级语文文言文阅读-人物传记类阅读10篇(含答案),推荐文档(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

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华海建明英语七年级语文文言文阅读-人物传记类阅读10篇1.阅读下面文言文，完成后面题目。

柳宗元传元和十年,例移①为柳州刺史。

时郎州司马刘禹锡得播州②刺史，制书下,宗元谓所亲曰：“禹锡有母年高，今为郡蛮方，西南绝域，往复万里,如何与母偕行。

如母子异方，便为永诀。

吾与禹锡执友，何忍见其若是？”即草奏章，请以柳州授禹锡，自往播。

裴度亦奏其事,禹锡终易连州。

柳州土俗,以男女质③钱，过期则没④入钱主，宗元革其乡法.其以没者，乃出私钱赎之，归其父母.江岭间为进士者，不远千里随宗元师法;凡经其门，必为名士.元和十四年十月五日卒，时年四十七。

观察使裴行立为营护其丧及妻子还于京师，时人义之.（选自《旧唐书》柳宗元传》，有删改）［注释] ①例移：古代官员按惯例调任。

②得播州:今责州遵义，当时为偏远荒凉的地方。

③质:抵押。

④没:没收。

⑤营护：料理,护送。

1.下列句子朗读节奏划分正确的一项是（）A．吾与/禹锡执友B．裴度/亦奏其事C.宗元革其/乡法D．请以柳州/授禹锡2。

解释文中加点的词偕（ ) 易（）妻子（）3。

翻译文中画线句子（1）吾与禹锡执友，何忍见其若是（2）江岭间为进士者，不远千里随宗元师法4.选文体现了柳宗元为友、为官、为师三个方面什么样的特点？试用自己的话概括。

中考语文文言文阅读-人物传记类阅读10篇1.阅读下面文言文，完成后面题目。

关羽字云长，河东解人也，亡命奔涿郡。

与先主寝则同床，恩若兄弟。

而稠人广坐，侍立终日，随先主周旋，不避艰险。

建安五年，曹公东征，先主奔袁绍。

曹公擒羽以归，拜为偏将军，礼之甚厚。

绍遣大将军颜良攻东郡太守刘延于白马，曹公使张辽及羽为先锋击之。

羽望见良麾盖，策马剌良于万众之中，斩其首还，绍诸将莫能当者，遂解白马围。

曹公即表封羽为汉寿亭侯。

初，曹公壮羽为人，而察其心神无久留之意，谓张辽曰：“卿试以情问之。

”既而辽以问羽，羽叹曰：“吾极知曹公待我厚，然吾受刘将军厚恩，誓以共死，不可背之。

吾终不留，吾要当立效以报曹公乃去。

”辽以羽言报曹公，曹公义之。

羽尝为流矢所中，贯其左臂。

医曰：“矢镞有毒，毒入于骨，当破臂作创，刮骨去毒，然后此患乃除耳。

”羽便伸臂令医劈之。

时羽适请诸将饮食相对，臂血流离，盈于盘器，而羽割炙引酒，言笑自若。

（节选自《三国志·关羽传》，有删改）1.解释下面加点的词。

①既而辽以问羽（）②时羽适请诸将饮食相对（）2.翻译下面句子。

曹公禽羽以归，拜为偏将军，礼之甚厚。

译文：3.下列与“羽尝为流矢所中”句式不同的一项是（）A．吴广素爱人，士卒多为用者B．中峨冠而多髯者为东坡C.百里溪举于市D．帝感其诚4.汉封侯、宋封王、明封大帝，儒称圣、释称菩萨、道称天尊。

根据选文内容，概括说明关羽被尊奉神化的原因。

答：2.阅读下面文言文，完成后面题目。

强项令董宣，字少平，陈留圉人也。

……后特征为洛阳令。

时湖阳公主苍头白日杀人，因匿主家，吏不能得。

及主出行，而以奴骖乘。

宣于夏门亭候之，乃驻车叩马，以刀画地，大言数主之失，叱奴下车，因格杀之。

主即还宫诉帝。

帝大怒，召宣，欲箠杀之。

宣叩头曰：“愿乞一言而死。

”帝曰：“欲何言？”宣曰：“陛下圣德中兴，而纵奴杀良人，将何以理天下乎？臣不须箠，请得自杀。

”即以头击楹，流血被面。

帝令小黄门持之，使宣叩头谢主，宣不从，强使顿之，宣两手据地，终不肯俯。

初中阅读理解之人物传记/故事阅读类passage 1During his life Dr James Naismith worked as a doctor, taught P.E and wrote several books. While he never thought it very important, Dr Naismith is today best known for one thing. He was the inventor of basketball.Dr James Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA. One day the school principal told James he was having a problem with the students. Because of heavy snow, the students could not go outside. He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something.It was on the very last day that James came up with his idea. The “birth of basketball” is said to be on December 21, 1891, when two teams from the school played the first game. It was quite different from the basketball games of today. It had 9 players on each team and footballs were u sed instead of basketballs. Soon after, the game changed to 5 players on each side, using special “basketballs” through nets.Although Dr Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game it is today, in 1936, just three years before his death, basketball became an Olympic sport at the games in Berlin.1. Which of the following things did Dr James Naismith NOT do?A. Teach P.E in school.B. Write some books.C. Work at hospital.D. Take part in the Olympic Games.2. In which season did Dr Naismith invent basketball?A. Summer.B. Winter.C. Spring.D. Autumn.3. Why is December 21 thought to be the birthday of basketball?A. It was on this day that Dr Naismith came up with his idea for basketball.B. It was the day on which Dr Naismith was born.C. It was the day on which Dr Naismith was asked by his boss to invent a new game.D. It was on this day that the first game of basketball was played.passage 2"Listen carefully to what I say," the time traveler said, "I shall tell you something that you will not agree.""Why will we not agree?" I asked."Because the science and mathematics you know are not correct," he said. "You believe there are only three dimensions(三维空间)-length, breadth(宽) and thickness.""There is nothing to argue with that, " the youngest member of our little group said."Exactly!" the time traveler answered, "But there is also a fourth dimension - time.""We all know about time, " another member of the group said. "Time passed.""I do not agree," the time traveler said, "Length, breadth and thickness do not pass. They stay in the same place in space. We move about them. I can prove that time is the same. It does not pass. We move in time the same way that we move in breadth, length and thickness."None of us believed the time traveler, and we argued with him for many hours."If we could travel back in time," the scientist said, "We could do things to change the future.""If we could travel forward in time," the doctor(博士) said, "we could do things that change our present."The time traveler smiled, "It is clear," he said, "that there is only one way I can show you that I am right. We must do an experiment. Please wait here."He left the room and soon returned, carrying what looked like a clock."This is a model of a time machine. It took me two years to make it," the time traveler said. "I want all of you to understand that when I start the machine, it will immediately travel in time and disappear from the present."He turned to the youngest of all. "Give me your hand," he said.The young man put out his hand. The time traveler took it and placed it on the machine. Immediately, there was a sudden wind, and the little machine disappeared.I was certain this was not a trick, but the doctor was not so sure."Are you asking us to believe," he said, "that the machine is now in a different time?""Certainly! In my laboratory, a full-size machine is almost complete. As soon as it is complete, I shall send myself on a journey through time. Would you like to see my machine?""Are you serious about this?" the doctor asked."I have never been more serious about anything," the time traveler said, "Come."We followed him to his laboratory. There, we saw the actual machine, not quite complete, but large enough for a man to sit in.1. How many dimensions did the time traveler say there are?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.2. How long did it take the time traveler to make his model time machine?A. Two years.B. Two months.C. Twenty years.D. All his life.3. Which is the right order of what happened in the story?a. The model time machine disappeared with a wind.b. The time traveler came back to the room with a model time machine.c. The members of the group argued with the time traveler for many hours.d. The time traveler showed them a full-size time machine which was not quite complete.e. The youngest man's hand was placed on the model time machine.A. e c a d bB. b c e a dC. c e b a dD. c b e a d4. What can we infer(判断) from the passage about the time traveler?A. He believed that they could move in time.B. He was playing a trick on a group of people.C. He sent the young man to the future in the model time machine.D. He would possibly send himself on a journey through time.5. What kind of story do you think the passage is?A. A detective story.B. A science fiction.C. A romantic fiction.D. A horror story.passage 3It’s R eally a Miracle (奇迹)Mr. Brown works in New York and he brought hi s family to China last summer. They visited many places of interest and had a good time here. Before they left for New York, the Browns climbed the Great Wall. It was the greatest project over two thousand years ago. They took a lot of photos there and then they had a picnic under a big tree. Suddenly it began to rain and they hurried to the car. And when they returned to the hotel, they couldn’t find the bag in which their expensive camera was. They were all sorry for it. They could buy another camera but had no time to go to the Great Wall again. They could not miss the plane!That evening they didn’t have supper. Mr. Brown hoped to make them happy, so he said, “Well, let me tell you a st ory. An old man lived in a sixty-floor building. One day he fell down from it when he was cleaning the window. But he didn’t hurt himself.”“It was a miracle!” called out his children, “Why?”“Because he lived on the first floor!”They all began to laugh while two policemen with a bag came in. They said a Chinese boy found it under a big tree and he asked them to find out who lost it.“It’s really a miracle!” the Browns said happily.1. Where did the Browns enjoy themselves before they left for New York?A. In London.B. In Beijing.C. In Shanghai.D. In Hong Kong.2. Why didn’t they have anything that evening?A. Because they were not hungry.B. Because they were sorry for losing the camera.C. Because they had nothing to eat.D. Because they had no time to have supper.3. What did Mr. Browns tell a story to his family for?A. He wanted to make his family happy.B. His children asked him to do so.C. He wanted to tell them a miracle.D. H e liked telling stories.4. Who found the bag?A. Two policemen.B. An American boy.C. A Chinese girl.D. A Chinese boy.passage 4Li Ting,15,from Shanghai, was preparing a talk on some western festivals. She searched online for certain information and made PowerPoint presentations(展示).Wu Qiong，her classmate, was doing his chemistry homework carefully. But he couldn’t work out the last problem even he tried his best. So he took out his mobile phone, opened a special app(应用软件)，and searched the problem. Answers soon appeared on the screen in several seconds.Nowadays,many students do homework online with the help of the Internet like Li and Wu.They search information online, use apps or discuss through QQ and Wechat.“It’s convenient.You don’t have to wait for your teacher to explainit to you face to face.”According to Wu.” You can also learn by seeing how others work them out. What’s more, it improves students’ abilities. And it’s especially true for new kinds of homework. I am quite skilled at finding in formation online and using Microsoft Office.”However, this trend（趋势） also causes problems. Some lazy students just copy the answers online without thinking. Even some ask their classmates to do homework for them. And their teachers don’t know the fact.Anyhow, knowing how to use the Internet is important. The key is to have good self-control. When you come across(遇到) a difficult problem, think about it by yourself first. Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers after you have turned to the In ternet, or you won’t make progress. If you are not sure about your self-control, ask your parents for help.1. Both Li Ting and Wu Qiong used the Internet to _____A. play gamesB. search informationC. take exams2. Paragraph 4 is mainly about_____ of doing homework with the help of the Internet.A. the advantagesB. the disadvantagesC. the problems3. Which problem is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. some students only copy the answers online.B. some cheat their teachers by asking their classmates to do homework for them.C. Nobody is able to finish their homework now without the Internet.4. ____ is the key to using the Internet to study.A. Self-respectB. Self-controlC. Self-development5. In this passage the writer wants to tell us that _____.A. the Internet can be a good helper if we use it properly.B. the Internet has made all the students lazy.C. it’s not necessary to learn to use the Internet.passage 5An early form ofa game in which a ball was kicked around a field is recorded in 1004 B.C. Japan. Some sportshistorians believe that the game of soccer began in England in the third century, however. They say that early English warriors（武士）kicked around the head of a k illed enemy. This may or may not be true, hut it is certain that soccer is an ancient sport.Without doubt, the English played soccer during the times of King Edward I in the 1300s. In fact, the king passed a law against playing it. The law said, "There is great noise ... caused by kicking large balls from which many ghosts may appear." Anyone caught playing soccer at that t ime was put into prison. T:vo hundred years later, Queen Elizabeth I still had people put into prison for playing this "vulgar" sport.Although there were such laws, soccer grew more popular. In 1681 it became an official(正式的) sport in England. By the 1800s, people throughout the country played soccer. By the 18th century, upper-class boys played it at schools. Its popularity grew among all English people.At a meeting held in an English school in 1843, the first rules were suggested. In 1863 the heads of English soccer teams met in London to agree on some official rules. They organized an English football association（协会）. By 1871 all of the English clubs were following these rulcs. Today all soccer teams play by them.Soccer is called "football" everywhere but in the United States. The game is played mostly with feet. No players except the goalie (守门员) may touch the ball with their hands. They may control the ball with any part ofthe body except their hands.Soccer is by far the world's most popular sport. Every four years, nearly every country in the world tlghts for the World Cup. Tens of billions of soccer fans from around the world watch the World Cup on television.1.According to the passage, a "vulgar" sport probablyA. appears to be rudeB. appears to be oldC. requires lots of energyD. requires good teamwork2.Which ofthe following shows t he right order ofthe development ofthe game?a. Upper-class boy students played it at schools.b. An English football association was organized.c. It became a popular sport throughout England.d. The rules were accepted by all English clubs.e. Playing the game was considered to be guilty.A. e-c-a-b-d.B. e-c-a-d-b.C. e-a-c-b-d.D. e-a-c-d-b.3.What can we learn from the passage?A. It is certa in that soccer has a history ofover l,800 years.B. The English had to play soccer in secret for two centuries.C. Football is called "soccer" in the US because of the rules.D. The king passed the law against the game for a stupid reason.4.This passage is mainly aboutA. why the game is so popularB. how the game has developedC. what the game is likeD. where the game first beganpassage 6My mother only had one eye. I never wanted her to show up at my school. One day during primary school, I was terribly ill. My mother came.“Your mom only has one eye!” yelled some of my classmates. I wished my mother would have just disappeared (消失).“If you embarrass (使……尴尬) me, why don’t you just die?” I shouted at her, taking nonotice of the sad look on her face. My mother just handed me some medicine and left without saying anything.At that time, I didn’t think I had hurt her feelings very much. That night I saw my mom crying in her room. Even so, I hated her tears from one eye. I made a decision: I must study hard and leave my mother.Years later my dream came true. I was quite successful. I never thought of going back to see my “ugly” mother until one day I got a letter.“My son I’m sorry I only have one eye. When you were little, you got into an accident and lost your eye. As a mom, I c ouldn’t stand watchingyou live with only one eye. So I gave you mine.I was never angry with you and I never regretted it because I love you.”I cried out aloud. Only then di d I realise how beautiful my mother was!1. Why didn’t the writer want his mom to show up at his school?A. Because he thought she was ugly.B. Because his mom couldn’t see anything.C. Because his classmates didn’t like her.2. From the underlined word “shouted” in Paragraph 4, we learn that at that time the writer wasvery _____.A. nervousB. angryC. excited3. That night, the writer decided to _______.A. ask his mom never to go to his schoolB. take good care of his mom from that timeC. work hard and stay away from his mom4. The writer’s mom lost one eye because _______.A. she used it to save her son’s sightB. she had a serious car accidentC. she was born with only one eye5. The story is mainly about _______.A. the diff iculties on a boy’s way to successB. a naughty boy’s experience of growing upC. a mother’s great love for her sonpassage 7Little Tommy was doing very badly in math. His parents had tried everything—tutors (家庭教师), cards, special learning centers—in short, everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic (天主教的) school.After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face. He didn’t kiss his mother hello. Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread (铺开) out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to his room, without a word. In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before. This went on for some time, day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening.Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books. His mom looked at it and to her surprise, little Tommy got an A in math. She could no longer hold her curiosity(好奇心). She went to his room and asked, “Son,what was it? Was it the nuns (修女)?”Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No.”“Well then,”she asked again. “WHAT was it?”Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign, I knew they weren’t joking.”1. Why did Tommy’s parents send him to a catholic school?A. Because he could eat well there.B. Because he could earn more about nuns.C. Because his parents wanted him to do better in his math.D. Because his parents didn’t want him to learn math any more.2. Tommy’s mother felt surprised that his son _______.A. was still the same as usualB. ate so much at dinnerC. kissed her hello after schoolD. worked hard but said little3. “Hitting the books” means “” in Chinese.A. 用功B. 捶书C. 发泄D. 振作4. The last sentence in the passage shows that .A. Tommy felt sorry for the mailB. Tommy was afraid of being nailedC. Tommy didn’t like the plus signD. Tommy liked playing jokes on others5. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that .A. teachers should be strict with their studentsB. mistaking (误解) might do good sometimesC. a catholic school is much better than other onesD. nuns are good at helping children with their mathpassage 8Gordon Hewitt, a mean (吝啬的) person who used to read his paper in his car to save electricity, died last week. He has left behind ￡250, 000 in the bank after a lifetime of saving.When you first saw Mr. Hewitt, you might think that he was poor: he wor e his old coat, his trousers didn’t fit well and his shoes were worn out. He sold newspapers in the streets.In fact, he had a quarter-of-a-million pounds in at least 20 savings. He married twice and lived in the same house all his life. His money was left to six different people.60-year-old neighbor Jean Buckley remembers Mr. Hewitt’s mean ways of life, “He used to sit in his Robin reading a newspaper with the light on so that he didn’t have to turn the light on in his house. He would walk miles to find somewhere warm, even through the rain. ”68-year-old neighbor David Cheeseman said, “I have known him for over 50 years and he was always strange and funny in his manner. I told him many times to look after himself and have heat in his house. He j ust laughed. He wouldn’t spend a penny unless he had to. He went to every church to sit in the warm, have a cup of tea or a meal. He had a dryer(烘干机)in his house but never used it. He washed clothes and put them on even when they were wet. He said it cost money to use the dryer. ”1. Why might one think Mr. Gordon Hewitt poor?A. Because he sold newspapers in the streets.B. Because he was in shoes that were worn out.C. Because he went to every church to have meals.2. What would Gordon Hewitt do in the church?A. He would read a newspaper.B. He would dry his wet clothes.C. He would do some drinking and eating.3. How did his neighbors think of him?A. Funny and strange.B. Rich but strange.C. Rich and funny.4.Why did Mr. Gordon Hewitt just laugh when his neighbor told him to have heat in his house?A. He thought he didn’t need heat in his house.B. He thought the idea foolish.C. He thought having heat in the house cost a lot of money.5. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Mr. Gordon Hewitt’s strange neighbors.B. Mr. Gordon Hewitt, a strange poor man.C. Mr. Gordon Hewitt lived a strange and mean life.passage 9Once there was a forest where all the animals lived happily together. One day a family went to spend the day in the forest, and the son left his socks there. After the family left, a bear came by, found the socks, and decided to try them on. They fit so well, and he liked them so much that he wouldn't take them off.All the animals talked about the bear's new look. Soon, in the forest, there began appearing squirrels(松鼠) in shirts, rabbits in shoes, and even rats(鼠) wearing hats! The forest doctor shook his head, telling animals, “This can't be good. Animals don't need clothes!” But no one listened to him. They said he was just out of fashion.Howev er, it wasn't long before the first results of fashionfever came. Several times the squirrel caught his shirt on trees, stopping him in midjump and sending him falling to the ground from a tree. The rat couldn't go into his hole without taking off his hat first. Even the bear, because of his socks, slipped (滑到) from the river rock and almost killed himself.When the animals came to see the doctor, he gave them all the same advice, “Take off those clothes before one day they're going to kill you.” Those who listened to the doctor's advice stopped having accidents. And the animals realized that they didn't need clothes at all.St arting to wear them had been very dangerous, and they had only done it to make others admire (羡慕) them, and to get attention.1. ________ found the socks and tried them on.A．The son B．The bear C．The rabbit D．The rat2. From the story we can know that________.A．the family had a good time with the bearB．the animals didn't like the bear's new lookC．the forest doctor told the animals not to wear clothesxD．the squirrel couldn't go into his hole with his hat on3. The underlined sentence “it wasn't long before the first results of fashion fever came.” Probably means that ________.A. soon the animals had a fever because of the clothesB．soon the animals enjoyed wearing clothes very muchC．soon the animals became healthier in the warm clothesD．soon the animals had lots of accidents after wearing clothes4. The story is written to tell us ________.A．helping others is helping yourself B．we should be careful in the forestC．things that fit yourself are the best D．animals must be looked after wellpassage 10Andy was still travelling in Spain when he realized he had to confirm(确认) his flight home with the airline company. He was visiting Spain in order to improve his Spanish. When he was speaking to people face to face, he had no difficulty understanding what they said. However, when he was speaking on the phone, he still had a problem. Andy called the airline. And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o'clock three days from that day. She also told Andy to be at the airport two hours earlier in order to check in his luggage and get a seat.Since he was leaving in three days, Andy didn't lose any time. He visited as many places as he could. He thought that it would probably be some time before he had enough money again. He wished he could come back and spend a year in Spain.The final day arrived. Andy left early for the airport to arrive two hours before take-off. He hated to rush. He went to the clerk to show his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket in surprise. "Why, sir, but your flight was at nine o'clock in the morning, and now it is eight in the evening." "But I confirmed my flight, "insisted Andy. "Will I have to pay for another ticket?""No, Sir. However, the next flight out will be three days from now." Andy's look of shock turned to pleasure as herealized that now he could continue his vacation.1. Why was Andy in Spain?A. He was there on a business trip.B. He hoped to learn Spanish better.C. He liked to visit places of interest in Spain.D. He was visiting friends there.2. Andy missed his flight because_______.A. he forgot his flight timeB. the clerk gave him the wrong time of his flightC. the clerk misunderstood himD. he misunderstood the clerk3. Which word can best describe the feeling of Andy when he came to know that his stay in Spain would be longer?A. Happy.B. Shocked.C. Upset.D. Angry.4. What would Andy do next?A. He would stay in Spain for another three days.B. He would go to another country.C, He would stay at the airport. D. He would pay for another ticket.5. What can we know from the passage?A. Travellers always have to confirm the time of flight with airline companies by phone call.B. It's more difficult for Andy to understand others in Spanish face to face than on the phone.C. Andy was enjoying himself when visiting places in Spain.D. Andy would be worried参考答案1、1D 2B 3D2、1C 2A 3D 4D 5B3、1B 2B 3A 4D4、1B 2A 3C 4B 5A5、1A 2C 3D 4B6、1A 2B 3C 4A 5C7、1C 2D 3A 4B 5B8、1B 2C 3A 4C 5C9、1B 2C 3D 4C10、1B 2D 3A 4A 5C。

初中语文人物传记阅读答题技巧人物传记答题技巧一、人物传记基础传记是一种以写人为中心的文章，通过人物的言行和典型事例来塑造人物形象。

它可以由别人或自己叙述，可以记载一个人的一生或某一段，但必须忠于史实，刻画出人物性格和形象，通过人物再现历史。

好的传记应透出历史的价值，有时代的气息，让读者经历传主的成功、失败、起伏。

传记的文体特点是真实性和文学性。

真实性是传记的第一特征，因为传记叙写的是历史或现实中存在的活生生的人，写作时不允许任意虚构。

但传记不同于一般的枯燥的历史记录，它具有文学性。

它是写人的，有人的生命、情感在内；它倾注了作者爱憎的情感；它需要用艺术的手法加以表现，以达到传神的目的。

此外，还具有概括性和通俗性。

传记可分为自传和他传。

前者是作者自己撰写的，如XXX的《鲁迅自传》。

后者是他人撰写的，如《“布衣总统”XXX》。

从表达方式看，一般的传记以记叙为主；还有的传记，一面记述人物的经历，一面加以评论，记叙与评论各半，这种传记则被称为“评传”。

从篇幅的长短来说，它可以分为大传和小传。

从创作方法分，传记文学多用形象化手法，描述人物的生活经历、精神风貌及其活动的历史背景等，以史实为依据，但又不排斥某些联想性的文学描写。

历史性传记则以记叙翔实的史实为主，用语比较平实。

二、重要考点阅读古今中外的人物传记、回忆录等作品，能把握基本事实，了解传主的人生轨迹；了解具有典型意义的事件和细节，能分辨所陈述的客观事实与作者个人所持见解、观点之间的区别及联系；对人物的成长经历和心路历程有比较深刻的认识和感悟，能正确认识先天禀赋和后天环境、志向和命运、奋斗和机遇、挫折和成功、事业和爱情等各种关系对于人生发展的重要意义；对传主的思想感情、品格气质、成就等以及作者所持的态度作出自己的评论。

三、传记作品常见设题方式传记可以从人物的多个方面来介绍主人公，如人物形象、经历、性格、成就等。

传主具有哪些品质特征也是常见的设题方式。

理解文中重要句子的含意也是需要掌握的。

初中语⽂中考专题训练阅读理解（⼈物传记）（含答案解析）初中语⽂中考专题训练阅读理解（⼈物传记) （含答案解析)学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________⼀、现代⽂阅读1．阅读下⽂，回答问题棱⾓屠呦呦王肖潇李璐云痴迷科学，执着不休，这固然是屠呦呦的性情之⼀，但她还有更多⾯：她不是海归，只是本⼟的，中国式的学者；不是完⼈，只是⼀个耿直的知识⼥性。

屠呦呦的故乡在浙江宁波。

她是⼀个殷实之家的掌上明珠。

当⽗亲以《诗经》中的“呦呦⿅鸣，⾷野之蒿”为其取名时，便已注定了屠呦呦与青蒿的缘分。

1945年，屠呦呦不幸染上肺结核，被迫暂停学业。

那时得此病，能活下来实属不易，经过两年多的治疗调理，她得以好转并继续学业。

也就在这时，屠呦呦对医学产⽣了浓厚的兴趣。

1951年春，屠呦呦考⼊北京医学院，选择了⽣物药学。

⼤学期间，屠呦呦学习⾮常勤奋，在⼤课上表现优异，后来在实习期间跟从⽣药学家楼之岑学习，在专业课程中，她对植物化学.本草学和植物分类学有着极⼤的兴趣。

1955年，屠呦呦⼤学毕业，被分配到卫⽣部直属的中医研究院（现中医科学院）⼯作。

当时正值中医研究院初创期，条件艰苦，设备奇缺，实验室连基本通风设施都没有，“研究⼈员戴个棉纱⼝罩，连如今的雾霾都防不了，更别提各种有毒物质了”。

⼀开始，屠呦呦从事的是中药⽣药和炮制研究。

在实验室⼯作之外，她还常常“⼀头汗两腿泥”地去野外采集样本，先后解决了中药半边莲及银柴胡的品种混乱问题；结合历代古籍和各省经验，完成《中药炮制经验集成》的主要编著⼯作。

“在做青蒿素研究的时候，屠呦呦真可以称得上是坚韧不拔。

”中医科学院⾸席研究员姜廷良告诉记者，“没有待过实验室的⼈不会明⽩，成百上千次反复的尝试有多么枯燥、寂寞，没有⾮凡的毅⼒，不可能战胜那些失败的恐惧和迷茫，不可能获得真正的成果。

”张⼤庆认为，屠呦呦是⼀位很有个性的科学家，这种耿直的性格也形成了她不啰嗦、做事果断的风格。

人物传记专题练习一、阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。

黄永玉：大师之境黄永玉，中国艺术史上一位里程碑式的人物，一个罕见的本质意义上的真正艺术人。

十多年前，一位画家在聊天中向黄老倾诉心中的苦楚：年轻貌美的妻子和别人好了，他戴了“绿帽子”，眼含热泪，一脸的无辜无奈和委屈。

黄老叼着烟斗听着，从丝丝青烟中飘出两个字：“揍他！”太有性格、太有意思的一位老人家！黄永玉嗜烟，尤其对烟斗情有独钟。

无论是挥毫题字，还是泼墨作画，无论是登台演讲，或是闲庭信步，他的烟斗总是须臾不离手。

也许这总在他身侧飘绕着的缕缕青烟，也是他灵感与睿智的来源吧！黄永玉小的时候姑公（黄永玉的姑公即大文学家沈从文的父亲）非常喜欢他。

少年黄永玉整日和姑公泡在一起，练拳，举石锁，练就了一身好功夫。

12岁那年，黄永玉独身一人离开了故乡湘西凤凰，从此这位土家族汉子就开始了游侠式的生活……倚仗着健壮的身体和一身过人的好功夫，他在追求艺术的同时，行侠仗义，广交天下朋友。

在福建泉州，他结交了学木刻的两位穷朋友。

不久，两位朋友都惨遭保长的迫害：一位的老婆被保长凌辱了，一位被抓了壮丁。

黄永玉怒从心头起，恶向胆边生。

连夜干掉了保长，替朋友报了仇，此后又浪迹天涯了。

文化的渊源和自身的素质加之良好的天赋对黄老的艺术起了决定的作用，而上天赐予他特有的“缘分”更为他的艺术起了潜移默化的作用。

且不谈他和沈从文、张乐平、齐白石等艺术大家的缘分，单说他和一位出家人的奇遇就让他在其艺术生涯中受益匪浅了。

那是在60多年前的福建，年轻气盛的黄永玉在一座山庙前盛开着的玉兰树上摘花，树下站着一位老和尚，老和尚和少年黄永玉聊了起来，谈美术知识、拉斐尔、达芬奇、米开朗基罗……四天后，老和尚侧身躺在破旧的木床上，如平常睡觉姿态一般，仙逝了。

他给黄永玉留下了一幅书法条幅：“不为自己求安乐，但愿世人得离苦。

”这位老和尚就是弘一法师李叔同，一代宗师去了，留下黄永玉在庙里嚎啕大哭……曾经有好友问黄老，在他那么多专长里，他最喜欢哪个？黄老说，我最喜欢的是文学，第二是雕刻，第三是木刻，第四是绘画。