下载文档原格式
雅礼中学2025届高三月考试卷（三）语文命题人：审题人：本试卷共四道大题，23道小题，满分150分。
时量150分钟．得分：________一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一二八定律又叫帕累托法则，最早用于描述社会财富分配不均的现象：即约20%的人掌握着80%的财富，帕累托法则的核心观点是约20%的变量操纵着80%的局面，所以，二八定律又名“80/20法则”，是一种基于“重要的少数与琐碎的多数”原则的量化标准。
该原理由19世纪意大利经济学家维弗雷多·帕累托提出，他发现20%的产品或活动通常带来了80%的收益。
在管理学中，二八定律通常用于识别和优化关键的20%因素，以获得80%的成果，从而使有限的资源发挥尽可能大的应用效益。
需要指出的是，虽然总体呈现出这样的统计规律，但占比不一定恰好是20%和80%。
长尾效应最早由美国的克里斯·安德森在2004年提出，常用于解释在线商业和经济模型，指销量较小或不被重视的产品或服务，由于种类繁多，总销量庞大，累计总收入超过了主流热门产品的收入。
从曲线的形状来看，除了较短的头部，还有一条长长的“尾巴”（如图1所示），随着互联网和产信息化的发展，数字产品存储成本的压力逐渐降低甚至抵消，消费者具有更多的选择权和自主性，长尾理论的应用蓬勃发展。
在经济学领域，二八定律早已成为重要的商业法则，企业通过重点关注核心客户、大客户和热门产品、畅销产品等，获得最大化的收益。
二八定律阐释的是稀缺经济学，其基本假设是“资源稀缺”，即有形货架、存货成本等较为缺乏，企业没有足够的货源架空间为每一个消费者提供所需的每一类产品，也无力承担滞销产品所占有的生产成本。
在此情况下，企业要实现盈利，唯一的解决办法就是采用标准化服务战略，通过单一品种的大规模生产，占据绝大部分市场，促使产品快速流通，避免长期占用货架和生产成本。
雅礼中学2025届高三月考试卷（三）思想政治本试题卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。
时量75分钟，满分100分。
第Ⅰ卷选择题（共48分）一、选择题（本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
每小题只有一项符合题目要求）1．研读经典，致敬伟人。
对下列两则原文相同点的解读，科学的是（）1847年，马克思在《哲学的贫困》中指出：“当文明一开始的时候，生产就开始建立在级别、等级和阶级的对抗上，最后建立在积累的劳动和直接的劳动的对抗上。
没有对抗就没有进步。
这是文明直到今天所遵循的规律。
”1848年，马克思、恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中指出：“资产阶级赖以形成的生产资料和交换手段，是在封建社会里造成的。
在这些生产资料和交换手段发展的一定阶段上……封建的所有制关系，就不再适应已经发展的生产力了……起而代之的是自由竞争以及与自由竞争相适应的社会制度和政治制度、资产阶级的经济统治和政治统治。
”①两者都依据社会基本矛盾运动规律阐释社会形态的更替问题②前者揭示社会形态更替的条件性，后者揭示其更替的必然性③依据两者都能推断资本主义终将被社会主义取代的必然趋势④两者都揭示了人类社会的发展历史就是一部阶级斗争的历史A．①③B．①④C．②③D．②④2．习近平总书记提出：“我们的教育要善于从五千年中华传统文化中汲取优秀的东西，同时也不摒弃西方文明成果，真正把青少年培养成为拥有‘四个自信’的孩子。
”关于“四个自信”，下列说法正确的是（）①中国特色社会主义道路是实现社会主义现代化、创造美好生活的必由之路②中国特色社会主义理论体系科学回答了建设社会主义的一系列的基本问题③中国特色社会主义制度是党和人民在长期实践探索中形成的科学制度体系④中国特色社会主义文化是激励全党全国各族人民奋勇前进的强大物质力量A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④3．中国特色社会主义开创于改革开放时期，但了解其形成和发展的脉络，认识其历史必然性和科学真理性，应该拉长时间尺度，了解社会主义演进的历程。
湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2024届高三月考试卷（四）英语试题本试题卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分, 共10页。
时量120分钟。
满分150分。
第一部分听力（共两节, 满分30分）做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A. B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15.B. £9. 18.C. £9. 15.答案是C。
1. Where is the man going?A. Kennedy.B. London.C. New York.2. What are the speakers talking about?A. A disease.B. A co-worker.C. A doctor.3. What does the man intend to do?A. Make friends.B. Collect papers.C. Do the typing.4. What is the man doing?A. Asking for information.B. Giving directions.C. Waiting for a bus.5. What does the man want to know?A. How to make dessert.B. How to solve problems.C. How to understand expressions.第二节（共15小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A. B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
雅礼中学2024届高三综合自主测试(4月)英语注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)1．What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?A．Boss and secretary.B．Guide and tourist.C．Teacher and student. 2．How is the weather at present?A．Sunny.B．Rainy.C．Cloudy.3．How old is the man’s son?A．11.B．13.C．15.4．What is the man’s opinion?A．Most websites are safe.B．Most websites steal money.C．More and more people shop online.5．How did the man feel when the woman guessed it?A．Nervous.B．Shocked.C．Disappointed.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
雅礼中学2025届高三月考试卷（三）化学得分：______本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。
时量75分钟，满分100分。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H~1 C~12 N~14 O~16 Na~23 S~32 Cl~35.5 Zr~91第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共42分）一、选择题（本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
）1．化学和我们的生活有十分密切的联系，下列表述不正确的是（）A.在碳素钢中加入Cr 和Ni 制得不锈钢可以增强钢的强度以及抗腐蚀能力B.改变铝制品表面氧化膜的厚度可以影响染料着色从而产生美丽的颜色C.焰色试验选择Fe 作为载体是因为铁元素受热不发生电子跃迁、不产生发射光谱D.半导体材料氮化镓是一种新型无机非金属材料2．下列化学用语表示不正确的是（）A.2，2-二甲基丁烷的结构简式：B.三氟化硼分子的空间填充模型：C.次氯酸分子的电子式：D.基态溴原子的简化电子排布式：3．2024年诺贝尔化学奖表彰了三位科学家在蛋白质设计和结构预测领域作出的贡献，中国科学家颜宁在这方面也做了大量的工作，以下相关说法不正确的是（ ）A.蛋白质分散在水中形成的分散系可以产生丁达尔效应B.要使蛋白质晶化得到较大的蛋白质晶体需要快速结晶C.通过X 射线衍射可以得到高分辨率的蛋白质结构D.蛋白质复杂结构的形成与极性键、非极性键、氢键、范德华力等有关4．以下实验方案正确且能达到实验目的的是（ ）选项实验目的实验方案A 制备少量硝酸边加强热边向饱和硝酸钠溶液中滴加浓硫酸B验证晶体的自范性将形状不规则的蔗糖块放入饱和蔗糖溶液中静置一段时间后取出C 验证C 和Si 的非金属性强弱将焦炭和石英砂混合加强热（1800~2000℃），检验气体产物以证明反应发生D测定中和热将稍过量的NaOH 固体投入装有一定量稀盐酸的烧杯中并测33253CH |CH C C H |CH --H :O:Cl :[]25Ar 4s 4p量其温度变化5．某化学小组在实验室尝试用氨气制备硝酸，过程如下：。
雅礼中学2025届高三月考试卷(二)语文本试卷共四道大题，23道小题，满分150分。
时量150分钟。
得分：一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题，19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
自改革开放以来我国处于高速工业化进程之中，至今已完成向工业经济大国的转变。
新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，在此形势之下，为扭转我国过早去工业化的倾向，推动新型工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化协同发展是必由之路。
党的二十届三中全会指出，要加快推进新型工业化，培育壮大先进制造业集群，推动制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化发展。
不同于低效能传统工业化道路，新型工业化是以数字化和智能化为特征的工业化，是紧密结合中国实际发展情况与世界整体局势后所提出的概念。
新型工业化以高科技含量、优良经济效益、低资源消耗和环境污染为特点，充分发挥人力资源优势，为我国发展开辟出一条新的道路。
创新是引领发展的主要动力，数字战略则是构建新发展格局和推动我国经济高质量发展的重要手段。
“十二五”和“十三五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划不断强调发展云计算、人工智能、大数据等新一代创新工程的重要作用。
数据作为新型生产要素，对传统生产方式的改革产生深远影响，数字资产价值将变得可量化、评估、交互，成为工业企业数字化转型的重要推动力。
随着技术应用场景的扩展，数字技术创新将继续深化，在中国特色社会主义工业化道路上产生多维度的影响。
以大数据、人工智能为代表的数字技术正在重塑甚至推翻原有的工业生产方式和组织形式，中高技术产业利润实现超高速增长，并且数字技术创新能够促进多个产业融合发展，有助于全要素生产率的提升。
数字技术概念首次提出时被定义为利用数字化技术和信息通信技术来高效处理、传输、储存和管理数据的一种技术。
数字技术创新具有智能化、高效化和可持续化的特点，是企业在数字经济时代的一种创新方式，其表现形式为利用或创造现有产品、服务、流程或企业商业模式，从而获得固有、无线和增值的新型事物，也有学者将其称为制造新产品或形成新服务，将数字化能力嵌入纯物理组件的活动，结合新型工业化的特征，数字技术创新通过三条路径赋能新型工业化发展。
炎德·英才大联考雅礼中学2025届高三月考试卷（一）语文本试卷共四道大题，23道小题，满分150分。
时量150分钟。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一：积极情绪（Positive Emotion）可以定义为正面的情绪或者具有正面向上价值的情绪。
情绪的认知理论认为，“积极情绪就是在目标实现过程中取得进步或得到他人积极评价时所产生的感受。
”由此可见，积极情绪就是经历了内在、外在的刺激，正确地解决了问题，达到某种成功与满意度，满足了个体的需求，感觉到个体的存在价值伴有随之而来的愉悦的心情与感受。
积极情绪并不是消极接受、坦然享受、乐不思蜀的感觉。
这些只是浅薄的感受，即时地享乐。
积极情绪拓展到更深的层面——从欣赏到热爱。
它并不是简单的迷恋，而是一种真心喜欢、经过努力而获得的欢愉、欣喜。
“积极情绪”这个词，指向了重要的人性瞬间。
那些轻微而短暂的愉悦状态，其实要比你想象的强大得多。
作为人类，生来就能够体验到微弱短促却愉悦舒畅的积极情绪。
它有着不同的形态和滋味。
回想一下，当感到与他人或与所爱的人心灵相通时；当感到有趣、有创意或忍俊不禁时；当感到自己的灵魂被蕴含在生命中的纯粹的美所打动时；或者当因一个新颖的主意或爱好而感到活力无限、兴致勃勃时，你都会不由自主地产生爱、喜悦、感激、宁静、兴趣和激励这样的积极情绪，它们会打开你的心扉。
然而，无论是迷恋、欢笑还是爱，你由衷的积极情绪总是无法持续很长的时间。
良好的感觉来了又去，就如同好天气一样，这是人类的本性。
积极情绪会逐渐消退，如果它长盛不衰，人们会很难适应变化，无法觉察到好消息和坏消息之间的差异，或是邀请与冒犯之间的差异。
如果你想重塑生活，让它变得更美好，秘诀就是不要把积极情绪抓得太紧，也不要抗拒它稍纵即逝的本性，而是将它更多地植入生活——久而久之，你就会提高积极情绪的分量。
我们发现，在这一秘诀中最重要的是积极率，这是用来描述积极情绪与消极情绪的数量关系的一种方法。
英才大联考雅礼中学2024届高三月考试卷(一)语文得分: 本试卷共四道大题，23道小题，满分150分。
时量150分钟。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5 小题，19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
①谢赫提出的“气韵生动，骨法用笔，应物象形，经营位置，传移模写，随类赋彩”成为指导中国绘画技法理论的经典。
其中对“随类赋彩”，理论家、画家有不同理解，但把“类”字解释为“物象的固有色”者，使“随类赋彩”成了幼稚的、简单的色彩赋色方法；把“类”字解释为“类型”“类似”者，让“随类赋彩”成为当今中国绘画色彩理论的经典训条。
也有学者在解释“随类赋彩”时模棱两可，含糊推诿过去。
因此弄清其真正含义，既是对上千年中国绘画色彩理论的正本清源，也对当下中国绘画色彩理论的发展与实践具有指导意义。
②我们对“随类赋彩”的理解要完整、客观。
谢赫“六法”是一个有机整体，“气韵生动”是品画的最高美学原则，谢赫把它视为“六法”之本，其他“五法”是达到“气龄生动”的必要条件。
③“气韵生动”指的是一幅画面给人的整体感觉，要感人、生动。
“骨法用笔”即中国画笔法、线条的运用。
它是表达画家思想、个性、意念的手段，不是客观事物的复制和翻版。
“应物象形”以“骨法用笔”的线条为依托，筑就中国画的气色容貌。
“经营位置”是指构图需要画家有强烈的主观意识来取舍、布局、调置。
“传移模写”就是师法自然，自自然取得灵感。
在“六法”指导思想下的“随类赋彩”作为一个完整而带有指导地位的法则被提出来之后，它的内涵就不仅仅是写实意义和描摹自然物象的外在色彩，更是主张画家主观意念与客观相结合，从属于“气韵生动”的一种表现方法。
这样，中国绘画减弱了对自然色彩的依附，渐渐出现了从重彩到淡彩、浅绛直至水墨画的重墨轻色。
④另外，古代中国画的颜料受当时生产技术和条件的局限及交通运输的不便，颜料的获取只能因陋就简。
画家只能用简单的、接近的、类似于物象色彩的颜料去表现他们眼中所看到的物象色彩，有时找不到或调不出眼中所见到的色彩，只好凭主观情感去用色。
雅礼中学2024届高三月考试卷（五）语文本试卷共四道大题，23道小题，满分150分。
时量150分钟。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
材料一：通过天气预报了解天气变化，为出行活动提供参考，这已成为人们日常生活中重要的一部分。
在漫长的没有现代技术与文明的时代里，人们又是怎样进行天气预报的呢？我国的天气预报最早可追溯到商代。
祭祀、农业生产、战争等重大活动都需要预知天气。
有人曾对殷墟出土的317片甲骨文进行统计，发现其中卜雨93片，卜晴4片，卜暴雨5片，卜雪、卜雹各1片。
但仅依靠龟壳灼烧后的裂纹形状进行占卜预测天气，其准确程度值得怀疑。
千年来，人们通过看云、辨风、识星象来观察天气，积累一定经验后，可知一地某些天气变化规律，从而进行预测。
秦汉时总结出的二十四节气、流传至今的天气谚语都反映了早期人们对天气预报的关注。
20世纪，科学家发明并应用气象仪器定量测量大气状态变量，汇总各地气象观测数据绘成天气图，天气预报开始变为应用科学。
在20世纪50年代末之前，所有的天气图都是手工绘制的，气象专家利用各种技术，从天气图表显示的天气类型出发，将现在和过去类似的天气类型作对比，预测出当前的天气系统在几小时或几天后可能发生的变化。
随着计算机技术的发展，数值天气预报诞生，预报准确率也得到大幅提升。
数值天气预报是指根据大气实际情况，在一定的初始和边界条件下，通过大型高速计算机作数值计算，求解描写天气演变过程的流体力学和热力学方程组，以此预测未来一定时段的大气运动状态和天气现象的方法。
但伴随而来的问题是依赖确定性物理规律的数值计算能否彻底解决天气预报的准确性呢？答案并不那么乐观。
大气运动包含了极大的不确定性，其初始场的偏差难以避免，如果初始偏差在处理过程中保持稳定，对大气系统的预测也可能得到相对稳定或确定的结果，遗憾的是在大气这一非线性复杂系统演变过程中做不到这一点，偏差会被迅速放大，导致初始有效信息最终会全部消失，预测结果将出现重大错误。
湖南师大附中2025届高三月考试卷(二)英语第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AThe Virgin Islands National Park is a tropical(热带的)paradise on the island of St. John,which covers more than half of the small island.It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Caribbean Sea to the south,where the climate is warm all year.The island's white sand beaches and clear blue seas are considered to be among the most beautiful in the Caribbean,gaining reputation and popularity among visitors across the world.How the national park was formedLaurence Rockefeller was an American millionaire,businessman and conservationist.He visited St.John in the 1950s. He quickly fell in love with the island's clean,pure beauty.He first purchased a small resort there, Caneel Bay. He also purchased more than 2,000 hectares of the island and donated it to the government.That donation created the U.S.Virgin Islands National Park.It was officially opened as a national park on December 1,1956.How to get to the parkThe only way to reach the park is by boat.Some people arrive on their own sailboats.Others come in on large cruise ships.Visitors also arrive on water taxis from the island of St.Thomas.What to do at the parkFrom the tropical hills to the blue waters there are many things to do at the Virgin Islands National,Park.Visitors enjoy fishing,camping,sailing,scuba diving, snorkeling (浮潜),and bird watching.Of all of the park's beaches,Trunk Bay Beach is said to be the most striking.Below the clear blue water is a 200-meter snorkeling path. Hawksnest Beach is also a popular place for snorkeling.Near the shore are three small reefs of Elkhorn Coral.The Elkhorn Coral gets its name from its shape.The reef looks similar to the huge horns(角)of an animal called elk.It is a very rare kind of reef.Scientists say it is in danger of becoming extinct.The Virgin Islands National Park is often called America's paradise.It protects St. John's pristine nature,and preserves the record of human history in the Caribbean.Don't hesitate! Come here and put yourself in the paradise!1. What is most likely attractive to tourists when they visit the Virgin Islands National Park?A. Its tropical climate.B. Its location.C. Its beautiful scenery.D. Its activity.2. What can we learn about the Virgin Islands National Park?A. An animal called elk is at risk of becoming dying out.B. Visitors can choose any means of transportation to get to the park.C Laurence's donation greatly contributed to the foundation of the park..D. There is a 200-meter snorkeling path beneath the water of the Hawksnest Beach.3. Where is the text probably taken from?A. A speech script.B. A travel brochure.C. An academic essay.D. A geographic journal.BBoeing’s Starliner spacecraft landed in a New Mexico desert late on Friday,months after its original departure date and without the two astronauts it carried when it launched in early June.The Nasa astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore should have flown the Starliner back to Earth in June, a week after launching in it.But thruster (推进器) failures and helium (氦气) leaks marred their ride. Instead, they will remain at the International Space Station (ISS) for the rest of the year and will return in February aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft.their empty seats and blue spacesuits along with some old station equipment.After Nasa’s space shuttles were retired more than a decade ago, Nasa hired Boeing and SpaceX for orbital (轨道的) taxi service. Boeing ran into so many problems on its first test flight with no one onboard in 2019 that it had to repeat it. The 2022 do-over uncovered even more flaws and the repair bill topped $1.5bn.The Starliner finally blasted into space on 5 June from Florida’s Cape Canaveral Space Force Station after unsuccessful launches on 6 May and 1 June. On the first launch attempt,a problem was found with a valve (阀门) on the second stage,or upper portion, of the rocket. On the second,a computer tripped an automatic hold just three minutes and 50 seconds from liftoff. That was later attributed to a single ground power supply fault within one of the launch control computers.Even after it successfully launched,helium leaks continued to trouble the spacecraft. As the Starliner approached the ISS, two leaks were detected but Nasa determined the spacecraft remained stable. What started as an eight-day mission dragged on for three months after the leaks and faulty thrusters raised safety concerns.However, Nasa and Boeing officials insisted that the astronauts were not trapped and that the technical difficulties did not threaten the mission. “We’ll come home when we’re ready,” Steve Stich, Nasa’s commercial crew program manager, said in the press conference in July.4. What does the underlined word “marred” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Underwent.B. Stimulated.C. Facilitated.D. Blocked.5. What do we know about Boeing’s spacecraft launches?A. They were filled with delays and setbacks.B. Starliner’s initial launch went smoothly.C. The 2019 manned spaceflight was a failureD. Reasons of the problems were still unidentified.6. Why didn’t the two astronauts come back to Earth on time?A. Because the project went over the original budget.B. Because they were both in serious health conditions.C. Because it was dangerous to take the Starliner then.D. Because Nasa officials failed to reach an agreement.7. What can be implied according to the last two paragraphs?A. The two astronauts would come back soon.B. Officials considered the situation within control.C. Nasa officials were pessimistic and pressed.D. The mission would be completed in 3 months.CActor Alicia Silverstone worried fans on social media recently. While on a trip to England, she posted a TikTok video of herself tasting a kind of poisonous berries she found along a sidewalk. Silverstone, who appeared in the 1995 movie Clueless, said she thought the fruit was a tomato. But when she bit into it and found that it had an unusual taste, she realized that it was not the common food.Plant expert, Jessica Damiano, recently wrote about poisonous plants that look like common foods for the Associated Press. She said the fruit that looked like a tomato appears to have been a Jerusalem cherry.Often sold as a houseplant, all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous.The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals says the plant is not only harmful to humans but also to dogs, cats and horses.Eating large amounts can be deadly. Silverstone was lucky because she did not swallow the berries. She was also lucky because the berries were reddish orange, which meant they were ripe. While all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous, the plant’s unripe berries can be especially dangerous.They can cause problems with the central nervous and gastrointestinal (肠胃的) systems.The Jerusalem cherry is not the only toxic plant that looks like a safe one.The poisonous Carolina horsenettle fruit also looks like a tomato. It is also known as devil’s potato to add to the confusion.The Virginia creeper fruit also looks like blueberries, and it can be deadly if eaten.Wild parsnip has flowers like a carrot and leaves like parsley (欧芹). Simply touching it can cause a skin problem. Creeping buttercup looks like flat-leaf parsley. It can cause severe stomach pain,vomiting (呕吐) and heart problems. And Canadian moonseed can be confused with wild grape. However, its taste is so bitter that you would likely spit it out before swallowing it. This is a good thing because eating it can lead to death.If you think you have swallowed a toxic plant by mistake, contact a poison control center in your area or your doctor immediately. There is additional information on the website .Damiano advises using common sense with plants you find in the wild. If you are not completely sure that something is food, do not eat it.8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To present the author’s argument.B. To introduce the topic of the article.C. To raise the public’s attention of wild plants.D. To popularize the knowledge of medical science.9. Why was Silverstone thought to be fortunate?A. The berries she had a bite were ripe.B. She found the fruit she ate was a tomato.C. She had a good knowledge of wild plants.D. The amount of the berries she consumed was large.10. According to the description,what plants can be most harmful to people?A. Carolina horsenettle and wild parsnip.B Virginia creeper and creeping buttercup..C. Wild parsnip and Canadian moonseed.D. Canadian moonseed and Virginia creeper.11. What may be the suitable measure if someone mistakenly swallows a poisonous plant?A. Spitting it out as quickly as possible.B. Making an appointment with their doctor.C. Getting in touch with the local authority instantly.D. Searching for the relevant information on the Internet.DSuperhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering:mind reading.We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals,desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own.If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people's minds.In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though.One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind.In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI,plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.12. According to the passage,which of the following contexts can AI understand well?A. When asked where an object is, a naughty kid points in the wrong direction.B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework,he answers “my dog ate it” .C. When you are treated with a hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat” .D. When a mom tells her kid milk is good for health, the kid drinks it up.13. Which statement will the author agree with most about theory of mind?A. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect.B. Humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent.C. AI’s theory of mind development has been totally decoded.D. Shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI.14. What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines?A. AmbiguousB. Conservative.C. Skeptical.D. Approving.15. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our FutureB. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is ExpectedC. AI’s Theory of Mind — a Blessing or Suffering to HumansD. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
雅礼中学2009届高三第四次月考英语试卷命题:雅礼高三英语备课组审题:郑皋鹤第一部分听力（共三节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Use his computer.B. Buy a new computer.C. B orrow Martha’s computer.2. What does the man say about Bob?A. He has been to Seattle many times.B. He lived in Seattle for many years.C. He holds a high position in his company.3. How did the woman learn about the job?A. A friend told her about it.B. She saw an ad in the newspaper.C. She found it by chance.4. What does the man mean?A. He will tell Mary how to operate the dishwasher.B. He will wash the dishes himself instead.C. He himself will operate the dishwasher.5. What will the speakers most probably do tomorrow?A. Meet someone at the railway station.B. Go to London by train.C. See someone off at the railway station.第二节（共12小题，满分18分）听下面4段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项，听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. About whom are the speakers talking?A. Some friends.B. A doctor.C. Their dad.7. Why is the father very bad tempered recently?A. Because he doesn’t like the woman’s friends.B. Because he is not feeling well.C. Because everybody knows about his problem.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
8. What can we know about the man from their conversation?A. He is tired of everything.B. He misses his grandfather.C. He enjoys working in the office very much.9. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Try something cheerful.B. Take a holiday.C. Think nothing of his job.10. Why does the man mention great-great-grandfathers’ life?A. He wishes to go hunting like them.B. He wishes to do as many jobs as they did.C. He wishes to have much variety in his life.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。
11. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a hotel.B. At the ticket office.C. At a super market.12. What did the clerk say about the breakfast in the hotel?A. It’s free on weekdays.B. It’s fr ee on Saturdays and Sundays.C. It’s all free any day of the week.13. Why does the man insist on seeing the manager?A. He would have a complaint about the clerk.B. He would praise the clerk for his good service.C. He would refuse the clerk’s discount.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。
14. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the woman?A. She is an English student.B. She is a foreign student in England.C. She is a girl of few words.15. What is the woman’s main problem according to the dialogue?A. She can’t get used to the weather there.B. She can’t write English papers.C. She doesn’t know how to carry on a conversation with the natives.16. What can be inferred from the conversation?A. Conversations usually start with the weather in England.B. The woman can hardly become a welcome conversation partner.C. Most English people are unwilling to speak to foreigners.17. Who might be most popular in England according to the professor?A. One who can speak perfect English.B. One w ho knows best about the other’s habits.C. One who is good at choosing topics for a conversation.第三节（共3小题，满分4.5分）听下面一段材料，将第18至第20三个小题的信息补充完整，每个小题不超过三个单词。
听材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每个小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出15秒钟的作答时间。
本段材料读两遍。
第二部分英语知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题, 满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. In the 1980’s, the Walkman was hugely popular and ______ when CDs arrived.A. so the Discman wasB. the Discman was soC. so was the DiscmanD. was so the Discman22. The win in the 100-meter butterfly gives the American swimmer Michael Phelps eight gold medals in Beijing, ______ the record set by American legend Mark Spitz at the 1972 Munich Games.A. breakingB. brokenC. to breakD. being broken23. We live in a world that is changing fast, one ______ changes come at what seems to be an ever-increasing pace.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. whose24. ______ I’m into the video game, it’s hard to think of anything else. All my fo cus is on finishing the story line.A. UnlessB. OnceC. WhetherD. Although25. With the country’s population increasing to 1.3 billion, many of China’s rivers, including the legendary Yellow River, ______.A. is drying upB. will be drying upC. had dried upD. are drying up26. The manner in which a telephone is answered gives the image of the organization, so ______ polite and pleasant when answering the telephone.A. beingB. beC. to beD. having been27. What is needed n ow in China’s West are men and women with skills any developing countries ______ have to survive and prosper.A. mustB. canC. mayD. ought28. She managed to save ______ she could out of her wages to help the poor villagers.A. how little moneyB. so little moneyC. such little moneyD. what little money29. During his race to the highest post in the US, Barack Obama called for ______ United States of America, rather than ______ white America or a black America.A. a; aB. /; theC. the; aD. the; /30. Whatever the cause of the heat may be, we do know that the earth gets hotter ______ down we dig.A. furtherB. the fartherC. the farthestD. the furthest31. Little Francis knew he would certainly get ________ at if he was late for school.A. shoutedB. to shoutC. shoutingD. to be shouted32. The international community has devoted itself ________ getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015, a task known ________ Education for All.A. in; forB. to; asC. into; toD. to; for33. Believe it or not, weather forecasts seven days in advance are, ______, wrong half the time, according to a US survey.A. at firstB. in briefC. on averageD. by chance34. By this time next summer, you ______a high paying job. I, on the other hand, will still be studying.A. will have foundB. will findC. have foundD. are found35. Professor Johnson is said ______ some significant advance in his research in the past year.A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD. to make第二节完形填空(共20小题, 满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第36至第55小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
