On the project management of legal risk control Abstract：Construction companies in the project management process, understand and can skillfully use legal risk control is a general trend, is imperative.This will be our construction enterprises in the construction and management of legal risk and prone to analysis of legal disputes, and then explore how the effective use of project management in the control of legal risk.
With the construction market to further expand and open, construction companies are looking for goal is not only good quality, short duration, owner satisfaction, but also the pursuit of a small investment, output large, lucrative enterprise architecture products.However, the current construction market in the case of a buyer's market, on contract to the contracting transactions were tilted over, the contractor at a disadvantage, too much to bear the legal risk, such as the terms of the contract risk, security risk, duration risk, financial risk, etc.,Once the risk occurs, the loss is enormous.Some construction companies because of awareness of the law is not strong, the lack of use of legal means to manage the project, can not exist as a legal risk for effective control, are often easy to be led, after a loss in the event of legal disputes, not only caused huge losses, the enterprisereputation, image can be seriously affected.To this end, the construction enterprises in the project management process, understand and can skillfully use legal risk control is a general trend, is imperative.This will be our construction enterprises in the construction and management of legal risk and prone to analysis of legal disputes, and then explore how the effective use of project management in the control of legal risk.
One must be a clear legal relationship and the importance of building
(A) What is the construction law, construction law relationship.The building is a broad legal authority or other authorized state administrative organs established to adjust the state and its relevant agencies, enterprises, social organizations, citizens or between construction activities, construction of administrative and management activities occurring in thekinds of social relations, laws and regulations in general.Narrow construction law refers to "the People's Republic of Construction Law."In this article refers to the broad construction law building law.Construction or economic law, administrative law are generally the scope of construction activities and construction to adjust the relationship between laws and regulations are: "Civil Law", "Contract Law", "PRC Construction Law", "ConstructionQuality Control Regulations "," construction qualification regulations "," construction level of qualification standards "(trial)," The total sub-project implementation of construction and installation, "the" construction contracting and construction management contract price Interim Provisions "and so on, the otherSome local laws and regulations sometimes can become part of the construction law.
Legal relationship that is building the relationship building that occurred in a variety of building activities in social relations, such as the administration building activities in the relationship between the contractual relationship-building activities, construction activities in the economic cooperation between the civil relationship-building activities.
(B) The importance of building laws.As we all know, the law of human society as an important means of regulation, the impact on social life everywhere, but also the basis for building a harmonious society and security.Construction activities are distinct from the general production activities, costly, long construction period, moving production sites, production and harsh conditions, widespread social impact, and people's lives and property-related."Construction Law", "Construction Quality Management Regulations", "construction qualification regulations" and other laws and regulations of the formulation and implementation of national laws on construction activities from the implementation of unified management, from investment system, price policy, market mechanismsmany to be protected, regulate construction practices to guide, protect the legitimate construction practices, punish illegal construction practices.For the construction deepening reform, revitalization and development, play a role in pillar industries created a favorable legal conditions.Conducive to strengthening the management of construction activities, administration, and regulate behavior on contract, a healthy, efficient, orderly, unified market order, to ensure construction quality and safety, promote economic development.While building our relationship to adjust the law is not complete, but in the real case analysis, construction and management of construction enterprises in the school know with precision construction law, strengthen construction management, create project benefits, minimize legal disputes broughtlosses have a negligible effect. Second, project management, some of the potential legal risks
We are building businesses in the construction and management with the state administrative organs, the Employer (the owner), intermediary organizations, financial institutions or other economic entities, business contacts, mainly by law to adjust.If the project management focus on the role of law, the potential legal risks will be greater accumulation, legal disputes will be followed, not only cost us a lot of manpower and resources, but also largely affect our construction businessnormal operation and development.Here's a brief talk about project management in a number of easy potential legal risks.
(A) The state laws is not through lack of understanding or eat.In the contractual relationship, the parties can not violate the law in the case of certain terms of agreement, meaning that the agreement can be reached after the peace treaty.Similarly, the construction of legal relationship, the subject of public interest due to construction and even national security, building relationship between the parties will be subject to mandatory laws of many countries.Countries to adjust the legal relationship building laws and
regulations of the project project involved the construction of the main project safety and quality standards are stringent regulations, building relations between the parties must enter into a variety of law within the scope of the contract.If the construction company building the legal state is not through lack of understanding or eat because of violation of the law may be subject to legal sanctions.
(B) The strict contract.Construction contract is the source of all the risks of construction enterprises, if the contract is "inherent" will inevitably lead to a passive implementation of the project.After signing the contract the occurrence of many problems, such as project quality, project payments arrears, raw material prices, etc., most of the construction contract signed with the original terms of strict about.
1, The credit review is not in place.Before entering into construction contracts, the relative side of the contract (whether the Employer or the labor party) credit review is necessary, but also basic work, which is, most of our construction business is still quite important, but under competitionfactors, in practice, failed to do so carefully examined.Employer Credit defects may lead to delay in getting our deserved the works, labor party credit blemishes may not allow us to effectively manage the labor force, quality, and security was not guaranteed, and so on.Because of the other legal disputes caused by poor credit, we are always the victims.
2, The project contracts signed ignored special provisions.Most contractors and construction units have signed contracts in the process of contracting parties on the scope, price, payment for projects, schedule, quality grade agreed, the usual practice is to apply an existing standard contracts, or in the local generalthe model text of the applicable contract and fill in the blank on the sign.In fact this approach in a market economy is very bad for the future rights conceals significant risks.Of course, this does not mean that the text-based model contracts to set up the contract without merit, but there is a specific item herein set the terms of the particular contract.Whether the model text of the contract or existing law, are considered a general engineering contracting activities of the CPC on the basis of the relevant principles and rules made by the problem.In signing the construction contract, if the parties can not be combined with the actual case to be refined and added to their, often resulting in a contract loopholes and more controversy and more.In addition, for different periods, different regions, different projects, the contract if we do not consider this necessary particularity, it is difficult to perform successfully, will lead to an increase in the probability of a dispute, and will increase the difficulty of solving the problem.
3, Payment terms are not clear.Unknown if the payment terms, payment terms if the contract is difficult to prove that success, obstacles are likely to become activists.As in the case of some sub-contract disputes, sub-contract retention money to pay the general contractor to obtain the certificate issued by the owners as a prerequisite.After the construction sub-contractors,
although the individual projects have been completed, or even the entire project has been put into use, but the general contractor has been issued without the owner's certificate, retention money payment terms have not yet achieved the ground, refused to sub-retention money to pay contractors.
4, The blind use of low-cost strategy.Some construction companies won the bid in order to be able to take low-cost bidding strategy.However, in actual construction, due to price and other factors, engineering construction company profit margins are smaller, in consultation with the Employer will adjust the contract price, required to pay for projects.This can easily be contract providers to change the contract construction companies intent unlawful act, go to court to get the court to adopt.Not only the legitimate rights and interests of construction companies can not be maintained, it will be held for breach of contract.
5, Are the owners of outstanding payments.By the owners (building side) outstanding contracts for projects (including Loaning money) and other types of funds is the construction enterprises have been facing a major economic problem, resulting in arrears of factors, for two main reasons: First, the construction unit of behavior is not specification.Many construction unit shall, as defaulting on contracting project management tools, through a large number of outstanding contracts for projects to pass on the risk of construction enterprises, leading to the growing problem of arrears; second is due to the construction industry is labor-intensive, management-intensive industries, low threshold,resulting in the construction market, "adequate" very serious market imbalance between supply and demand has led to the owner and contractor market inequality, unfair trading conditions, the formation of arrears.Third, some of the construction of internal mismanagement, resulting in schedule delays, and some also had quality problems, led to contractual disputes, outstanding contracted projects to the construction unit shall provide an excuse.
(C) In the course of legal compliance risks.In addition to the above conclusion of the contract in case of legal disputes prone to outside, in the compliance process has many potential legal risks, such as: the parties express on behalf of the project to fulfill other people's behavior outside force; contract conditions and the exercise of unilateral right of cancellationprocedures; in the contract terms and how to effectively set the special effect or contracting methods; Engineering Wogong conditions decreased efficiency and loss calculation of the scope of compensation; project cessation, postponed, suspended at the middle of the exit, on-site protection, engineering, transfer,settlement method and scope of damages; work in progress dealing with arrears cases, the duration; engineering center for examination or use of engineering construction unit in advance part of the warranty issues; the amount of work outside the contract signed valuation principles and procedures; construction unit causes the completion of project settlementextension project in case of acceptance of settlement procedures
and legal responsibilities; settlement of specific procedures for projects and so on.
Third, construction and project management in how to effectively control the legal risks
Construction enterprises in the construction and management of risk many are well known.We can not control market risks, natural disasters, policy risk to our construction business of the potential dangers.But we have the ability by building their own efforts to reduce or even resolve their own risk factors.Which strengthen the project management of the use of legal means to safeguard the legitimate interests of construction companies to reduce the legal dispute, is an important way.
(A) The law of armed construction enterprises.Legal disputes in recent years, construction companies is the heavy cost of the lessons are profound, the reason we are building corporate awareness of the law is weak, ignorant of the law, do not know how to use the law.Lesson, we have to arm themselves with the law, applying the law to avoid legal risks, to maintain the normal construction, to protect their legitimate rights and interests.Therefore, we should strive to be: First, business leaders should attach great importance to the legal publicity and education.Study to establish an effective legal system for long-term, regular legal lecture, focusing on engineering-related laws and regulations to learn and improve their overall awareness and knowledge of the law.The second is to set up full-time or part-time business legal staff, the conditions are ripe to set up business legal department, specializing in corporate legal affairs.Third, the work of discipline inspection and supervision departments should be good to use legal means to exercise oversight functions, to the construction and management in the areas of legal risk that may arise to strengthen the process of supervision, mainly the use of the law of contracts, and other aspects of performance of the contract priorsupervision, better discipline inspection and supervision of the supervisory role to play.
(B) A good contract is signed off.Both parties to fulfill obligations of the contract is important in writing the basis on which to resolve the disputes of the most important evidence, often winning or losing a lawsuit when a contract has been determined, so that "the lawsuit play well, signed the contract as well."The so-called good sign the contract terms of the contract agreement is clear, meaning that the two sides clear, unambiguous text.Our staff due to lack of appropriate specific business knowledge of the law, often with their own understanding and experience to participate in contract negotiations and preparation, coupled with the beginning of the contracting parties are better when working relationship, often on some issues Mabu Kai sensibilities embarrassedseriously, it is inevitable that ill-considered and glitches.Dispute fighting off a lawsuit is very passive, and ultimately lose or us.Therefore, the contract must be well off.How good this off, I think we should do the following: 1, Adhere to the principle of interest.Interests of the principle is not only
signed the contract negotiations and the basic principles, but also the entire contract management and project management, basic principles.Giving up power is equal to self-mutilation, Heli is moving back Lee is stagnation, any of us should adhere to the principles of construction enterprises.Owners and contractors are equal in law, the contractor is entitled to sign a mutual benefit of the terms of the contract, which is to reduce or transfer risk of the contractor adhere to basic principles.After award of contract signing, the owner can not just breach of contract.According to law the contractor can, enlighten them with reason, to convince the owners to amend certain statements of interest are too harsh or unreasonable conditions have been increased to ensure that the contractor interest in the terms of the contract more favorable or favorable, less risky, contractmore balanced relationship between the two sides Zequan Li minimize harsh, unilateral restrictive provisions, the contractor signed a favorable contract to achieve the goal.
2, The establishment of efficient contract negotiation team.So familiar with and proficient professionals involved in business contracts contract, which is to reduce the risk of the contract, signed a favorable contract personnel guarantee.Medium and large construction contracts are generally drafted by the owners, the owners hire experienced legal experts and engineering consultants drafting the contract, the contract of high quality, which implies a large number of contractors is not conducive to the risk of liability claims against the owners of the terms andterms and conditions.This requires the construction project contracting unit must have not only understands engineering, but also understands the law, not only understands management, who understand the cost, the overall quality of the financial negotiations, so as to ensure that the contract negotiations in a balanced intelligence and information symmetrystate, increasing the bargaining power to improve risk identification.
3, The various strict checking on.In particular, to review the legality of the construction contract, the owners of the approval process is complete sound, whether the contract notarized and approved; the contract is complete and correct, including the completeness of contract documents and the complete terms of the contract; contract is taken as a model text, and its comparison withno difference; contractual obligations and rights are two sides of balance, to determine how constraints; contract to implement what are the consequences, what is able to fulfill the legal responsibilities and how to remedy; both the understanding of the contract are consistent, timely communication so that ambiguity.
4, Good and reasonable allocation of the terms of the potential risks.Strategic arrangements in the construction business should be good to limit risk in the contract and transfer risk, the risk of both sides to reach a reasonable allocation.Contractor for the owners of the circumstances under which the terms can be exempted from liability should be carefully studied, should not easily accept the exemption from property owners.Otherwise, the
performance of the contract owners may refer to the so-called legal obstacles and contract basis as an excuse to reject the Contractor's compensation for the loss and apply the exemption from payment of their refusal to shirk its responsibility, the contractor will suffer significant economic losses.As a result, the risk of liability provisions of the owners must have specific and clear requirements.
5, Beware of the Employer to set the soft terms.Soft terms is the key to master the power of party to the contract, the other smooth performance, depending on the power of one master key, in terms of the provision is for the weak side of the soft terms, the soft terms of the contract is essentially a trap.For example, the party awarding the contract does not require the examination of the amount of the payment period and approval period start date is too rigid, extended duration of the conditions are too harsh and so on.Construction contract is a particular need of mutual cooperation contract, the Employer of any collaborative content, if not prescribed period, it may become a trap of claim duration.In addition, the project is not clear if the content and scope, and duration of the claim may become a trap.
6, All the contents of the contract must be in writing.Cherished, not as good as gold.The two sides discussed the results of the decision, or other commitments, only the written contract, or be considered to determine the views of the two sides signed the text.Signing of the contract requires carefully worded, only the existence of each activity to minimize the risk, in order to obtain maximum benefits.
(C) The performance of the contract according to activists.
1, To improve the legal awareness of risk prevention.Construction contract amount, long cycle, contents, legal relations and complex characteristics of the decision in its own process prone to contract performance disputes, to strengthen contract management, you can eliminate the risks as much as possible, to reduce the incidence of disputes, but it is impossible to eliminate disputes.Therefore, any construction disputes are normal, the question is how we fulfill the contract, the dispute before and after the occurrence of disputes raise awareness of prevention and fight for the initiative to occupy a favorable position, fully protect our legal rights.In the performance of the contract must be to raise awareness.The company's management functions and the corresponding construction site managers have awareness, to abide by duties, diligent care, be careful to fulfill their contractual obligations and work responsibilities.
2, Manage and pen signature.We must manage our education and sent signed, they re extremely heavy hands of the pen, they sign the word value than gold, they signed on in the project all the documents are legally binding, the signature must be careful, musthuman words can not be signed, confused words.It is best to take the right to sign the project is relatively concentrated, signature required authorization, not authorized can not be signed, and signed the work required under the less the better, that we should form a system of
construction enterprises strictly enforced.
3, Do not make rash promises or commitments.During the construction process of any contract between the parties, must be in writing, must not to believe in each other's verbal statements and commitments, but refused any verbal promises in writing, and must be unreliable, but also the risk of future disputesis located.Meanwhile, we should adhere to principles, can not easily stand or commitment, but we can not give each other written material related issue.
4, According to the claim, a reasonable transfer of risk.Because some of the unpredictable risk is always there, so the contract there is always some defects, both Zequan Li can not be absolute balance, there is a certain risk of the contractor.Therefore, the risk of unpredictable occurrence, in the course of contract performance, the implementation of claims system is an effective way to transfer risk, as far as possible to minimize the risk.In practical engineering, the claim is two-way, the contractor may claim to the property owners, property owners can claim to the contractor, but the owner claims processing more convenient.On the contrary, claims processing contractor to the owners more difficult.As a contractor to increase market awareness, legal awareness, sense of the contract, management awareness, economic awareness, the more critical is to learn the scientific method claims.Scientific claim lies in the contractor must be familiar with the claim business, pay attention to claims strategies and methods, strict requirements to the extent required under the contract claim, efforts to promote the health claims system has been carried out, to carry out work on the claims as legitimate, the transfer of project risksprimary means.
5, Pay attention to evidence collection and retention.In legal cases, so-called rational and difficult to explain numerous cases.Rational is the parties themselves feel justified, there is such thing as so-called objective, but can not tell, is that there is no evidence to support it.There is no evidence to support the so-called "truth" is not a legal sense of the "truth" that is just outside the law "reasons."Thus, the evidence whether there is ample evidence whether or not directly determine the outcome of the litigation.In project management, in particular to strengthen the retention and collection of evidence.Either with the owner or subcontractors, material suppliers dealings, for each document, correspondence, receipts IOU, photographs, voice records, and so should pay attention to the collection and retention, to prepare after a dispute can there is evidence,argue.
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高中英语~词性~句子成分~语法构成 第一章节：英语句子中的词性 1.名词：n. 名词是指事物的名称，在句子中主要作主语.宾语.表语.同位语。 2.形容词;adj. 形容词是指对名词进行修饰~限定~描述~的成份，主要作定语.表语.。形容词在汉语中是（的）.其标志是: ous. Al .ful .ive。. 3.动词：vt. 动词是指主语发出的一个动作，一般用来作谓语。 4.副词：adv. 副词是指表示动作发生的地点. 时间. 条件. 方式. 原因. 目的. 结果.伴随让步. 一般用来修饰动词. 形容词。副词在汉语中是（地）.其标志是：ly。 5.代词：pron. 代词是指用来代替名词的词，名词所能担任的作用，代词也同样.代词主要用来作主语. 宾语. 表语. 同位语。 6.介词：prep.介词是指表示动词和名次关系的词，例如：in on at of about with for to。其特征：
介词后的动词要用—ing形式。介词加代词时，代词要用宾格。例如：give up her（him）这种形式是正确的，而give up she（he）这种形式是错误的。 7.冠词：冠词是指修饰名词，表名词泛指或特指。冠词有a an the 。 8.叹词：叹词表示一种语气。例如：OH. Ya 等 9.连词：连词是指连接两个并列的成分，这两个并列的成分可以是两个词也可以是两个句子。例如：and but or so 。 10.数词：数词是指表示数量关系词，一般分为基数词和序数词 第二章节：英语句子成分 主语：动作的发出者，一般放在动词前或句首。由名词. 代词. 数词. 不定时. 动名词. 或从句充当。 谓语：指主语发出来的动作，只能由动词充当，一般紧跟在主语后面。 宾语：指动作的承受着，一般由代词. 名词. 数词. 不定时. 动名词. 或从句充当. 介词后面的成分也叫介词宾语。 定语：只对名词起限定修饰的成分，一般由形容
M A: Has the case been closed yet? B: No, the magistrate still needs to decide the outcome. magistrate n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 A: I am unable to read the small print in the book. B: It seems you need to magnify it. magnify vt.１．放大，扩大；２．夸大，夸张 A: That was a terrible storm. B: Indeed, but it is too early to determine the magnitude of the damage. magnitude n.１．重要性，重大；２．巨大，广大 A: A young fair maiden like you shouldn’t be single. B: That is because I am a young fair independent maiden. maiden n.少女，年轻姑娘，未婚女子 a.首次的，初次的 A: You look majestic sitting on that high chair. B: Yes, I am pretending to be the king! majestic a.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，高贵的 A: Please cook me dinner now. B: Yes, your majesty, I’m at your service. majesty n.１．［Ｍ－］陛下（对帝王，王后的尊称）；２．雄伟，壮丽，庄严 A: Doctor, I traveled to Africa and I think I caught malaria. B: Did you take any medicine as a precaution? malaria n.疟疾 A: I hate you! B: Why are you so full of malice? malice n.恶意，怨恨 A: I’m afraid that the test results have come back and your lump is malignant. B: That means it’s serious, doesn’t it, doctor? malignant a.１．恶性的，致命的；２．恶意的，恶毒的 A: I’m going shopping in the mall this afternoon, want to join me? B: No, thanks, I have plans already. mall n.（由许多商店组成的）购物中心 A: That child looks very unhealthy. B: Yes, he does not have enough to eat. He is suffering from malnutrition.
意见应以事实为根据. 3 来自辞典例句 192. The bombers swooped ( down ) onthe air base. 轰炸机 突袭 空军基地. 来自辞典例句 193. He mounted their engines on a rubber base. 他把他们的发动机装在一个橡胶垫座上. 14 来自辞典例句 194. The column stands on a narrow base. 柱子竖立在狭窄的地基上. 14 来自辞典例句 195. When one stretched it, it looked like grey flakes on the carvas base. 你要是把它摊直, 看上去就象好一些灰色的粉片落在帆布底子上. 18 来自辞典例句 196. Economic growth and human well - being depend on the natural resource base that supports all living systems. 经济增长和人类的福利依赖于支持所有生命系统的自然资源. 12 1 来自辞典例句 197. The base was just a smudge onthe untouched hundred - mile coast of Manila Bay. 那基地只是马尼拉湾一百英里长安然无恙的海岸线上一个硝烟滚滚的污点. 6 来自辞典例句 198. You can't base an operation on the presumption that miracles are going to happen. 你不能把行动计划建筑在可能出现奇迹的假想基础上.
英语造句大全English sentence 在句子中，更好的记忆单词！ 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character. （2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n.
主语+谓语 1. 理解主谓结构 1) The students arrived. The students arrived at the park. 2) They are listening. They are listening to the music. 3) The disaster happened. 2．体会状语的位置 1) Tom always works hard. 2) Sometimes I go to the park at weekends.. 3) The girl cries very often. 4) We seldom come here. The disaster happened to the poor family. 3. 多个状语的排列次序 1) He works. 2) He works hard. 3) He always works hard. 4) He always works hard in the company. 5) He always works hard in the company recently. 6) He always works hard in the company recently because he wants to get promoted. 4. 写作常用不及物动词 1. ache My head aches. I’m aching all over. 2. agree agree with sb. about sth. agree to do sth. 3. apologize to sb. for sth. 4. appear (at the meeting, on the screen) 5. arrive at / in 6. belong to 7. chat with sb. about sth. 8. come (to …) 9. cry 10. dance 11. depend on /upon 12. die 13. fall 14. go to … 15. graduate from 16. … happen 17. laugh 18. listen to... 19. live 20. rise 21. sit 22. smile 23. swim 24. stay (at home / in a hotel) 25. work 26. wait for 汉译英： 1.昨天我去了电影院。 2.我能用英语跟外国人自由交谈。 3.晚上7点我们到达了机场。 4.暑假就要到了。 5.现在很多老人独自居住。 6.老师同意了。 7.刚才发生了一场车祸。 8.课上我们应该认真听讲。9. 我们的态度很重要。 10. 能否成功取决于你的态度。 11. 能取得多大进步取决于你付出多少努力。 12. 这个木桶能盛多少水取决于最短的一块板子的长度。
【it's time to和it's time for】 ——————这其实是一个句型,只不过后面要跟不同的东西. ——————It's time to跟的是不定式（to do）.也就是说,要跟一个动词,意思是“到做某事的时候了”.如： It's time to go home. It's time to tell him the truth. ——————It's time for 跟的是名词.也就是说,不能跟动词.如： It's time for lunch.(没必要说It's time to have lunch) It's time for class.(没必要说It's time to begin the class.) They can't wait to see you Please ask liming to study tonight. Please ask liming not to play computer games tonight. Don’t make/let me to smoke I can hear/see you dance at the stage You had better go to bed early. You had better not watch tv It’s better to go to bed early It’s best to run in the morning I am enjoy running with music. With 表伴随听音乐 I already finish studying You should keep working. You should keep on studying English Keep calm and carry on 保持冷静继续前行二战开始前英国皇家政府制造的海报名字 I have to go on studying I feel like I am flying I have to stop playing computer games and stop to go home now I forget/remember to finish my homework. I forget/remember cleaning the classroom We keep/percent/stop him from eating more chips I prefer orange to apple I prefer to walk rather than run I used to sing when I was young What’s wrong with you There have nothing to do with you I am so busy studying You are too young to na?ve I am so tired that I have to go to bed early
《The Kite Runner》追风筝的人--------------------------------美句摘抄 1.I can still see Hassan up on that tree, sunlight flickering through the leaves on his almost perfectly round face, a face like a Chinese doll chiseled from hardwood: his flat, broad nose and slanting, narrow eyes like bamboo leaves, eyes that looked, depending on the light, gold, green even sapphire 翻译：我依然能记得哈桑坐在树上的样子，阳光穿过叶子，照着他那浑圆的脸庞。他的脸很像木头刻成的中国娃娃，鼻子大而扁平，双眼眯斜如同竹叶，在不同光线下会显现出金色、绿色，甚至是宝石蓝。 E.g.: A shadow of disquiet flickering over his face. 2.Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbor's dog, was always my idea. 翻译：从来不提镜子、用胡桃射狗其实都是我的鬼主意。E.g.:His secret died with him, for he never told anyone. 3.We would sit across from each other on a pair of high
一、翻译 1. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me., but not without appeal. 让我自己挑选自己最喜欢的书籍这个有意思的想法真的对我具有吸引力。 2.I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by the one decent man, and evil. 我陷入到大屠杀悲剧的痛苦之中，一个体面的人所代表的善与恶的猛烈冲击之中。 3.I was astonished by the the great power a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary to translate my feelings into words. 我被这部小说所包含的巨大能量感到震惊。我无法用语言来表达我的感情（心情）。 4，make sth. long to short长话短说 5.I learned that summer that reading was not the innocent(简单的) pastime(消遣) I have assumed it to be., not a breezy, instantly forgettable escape in the hammock(吊床)，( though I’ ve enjoyed many of those too ). I discovered that a book, if it arrives at the right moment, in the proper season, will change the course of all that follows. 那年夏天，我懂得了读书不是我认为的简单的娱乐消遣，也不只是躺在吊床上，一阵风吹过就忘记的消遣。我发现如果在适宜的时间、合适的季节读一本书的话，他将能改变一个人以后的人生道路。 二、词组造句 1. on purpose 特意，故意 This is especially true here, and it was ~. (这一点在这里尤其准确，并且他是故意的) 2.think up 虚构，编造，想出 She has thought up a good idea. 她想出了一个好的主意。 His story was thought up. 他的故事是编出来的。 3. in the meantime 与此同时 助记：in advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place 适当地... In the meantime, what can you do? 在这期间您能做什么呢？ In the meantime, we may not know how it works, but we know that it works. 在此期间，我们不知道它是如何工作的，但我们知道，它的确在发挥作用。 4.as though 好像，仿佛 It sounds as though you enjoyed Great wall. 这听起来好像你喜欢长城。 5. plunge into 使陷入 He plunged the room into darkness by switching off the light. 他把灯一关，房
The effective sentences:(improve the sentences!) 1.She hopes to spend this holiday either in Shanghai or in Suzhou. 2.Showing/to show sincerity and to keep/keeping promises are the basic requirements of a real friend. 3.I want to know the space of this house and when it was built. I want to know how big this house is and when it was built. I want to know the space of this house and the building time of the house. 4.In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and taught English. In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and an English teacher. 5.They are sweeping the floor wearing masks. They are sweeping the floor by wearing masks. wearing masks,They are sweeping the floor. 6.the drivers are told to drive carefully on the radio. the drivers are told on the radio to drive carefully 7.I almost spent two hours on this exercises. I spent almost two hours on this exercises. 8.Checking carefully,a serious mistake was found in the design. Checking carefully,I found a serious mistake in the design.
M1 U1 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： add up (to) be concerned about go through set down a series of on purpose in order to according to get along with fall in love (with) join in have got to hide away face to face 1 We’ve chatted online for some time but we have never met ___________. 2 It is nearly 11 o’clock yet he is not back. His mother ____________ him. 3 The Lius ___________ hard times before liberation. 4 ____________ get a good mark I worked very hard before the exam. 5 I think the window was broken ___________ by someone. 6 You should ___________ the language points on the blackboard. They are useful. 7 They met at Tom’s party and later on ____________ with each other. 8 You can find ____________ English reading materials in the school library. 9 I am easy to be with and _____________my classmates pretty well. 10 They __________ in a small village so that they might not be found. 11 Which of the following statements is not right ____________ the above passage? 12 It’s getting dark. I ___________ be off now. 13 More than 1,000 workers ___________ the general strike last week. 14 All her earnings _____________ about 3,000 yuan per month. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.go through 2. no longer/ not… any longer 3. on purpose 4. calm… down 5. happen to 6. set down 7. wonder if 三. 翻译： 1.曾经有段时间，我对学习丧失了兴趣。（there was a time when…） 2. 这是我第一次和她交流。（It is/was the first time that …注意时态） 3.他昨天公园里遇到的是他的一个老朋友。（强调句） 4. 他是在知道真相之后才意识到错怪女儿了。（强调句） M 1 U 2 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： play a …role (in) because of come up such as even if play a …part (in) 1 Dujiangyan(都江堰) is still ___________in irrigation(灌溉) today. 2 That question ___________ at yesterday’s meeting. 3 Karl Marx could speak a few foreign languages, _________Russian and English. 4 You must ask for leave first __________ you have something very important. 5 The media _________ major ________ in influencing people’s opinion s. 6 _________ years of hard work she looked like a woman in her fifties. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.make (good/full) use of 2. play a(n) important role in 3. even if 4. believe it or not 5. such as 6. because of
English sentence 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能 句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的 句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character.（2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n. 句子：He is in America. 10、appear 出现v. He appears in this place. 11. artist 艺术家n. He is an artist. 12. attract 吸引 He attracts the dog. 13. Australia 澳大利亚 He is in Australia. 14.base 基地 She is in the base now. 15.basket 篮子 His basket is nice. 16.beautiful 美丽的 She is very beautiful. 17.begin 开始 He begins writing. 18.black 黑色的 He is black. 19.bright 明亮的 His eyes are bright. 20.good 好的 He is good at basketball. 21.British 英国人 He is British. 22.building 建造物 The building is highest in this city 23.busy 忙的 He is busy now. 24.calculate 计算 He calculates this test well. 25.Canada 加拿大 He borns in Canada. 26.care 照顾 He cared she yesterday. 27.certain 无疑的 They are certain to succeed. 28.change 改变 He changes the system. 29.chemical 化学药品