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研究生考试模拟试题二

一、按指定要求回答问题

1.按稳定性由大到小排列自由基

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2(CH3)2CHCHCH3

CH3CH2CHCH2

CH3CH3CH2

CH3

(1)(2)(3)(4)

2.按和LUCAS试剂反应速度由大到小排列

CH2OH CH2OH

CH3OCH3NO2

(1)(2)(3)

(4) 3.按和硝酸银醇溶液反应速度快慢排列

CH3CH2CHCH3

Cl CH3

CH3

CH2Cl

C C

H3C

(1)(2)(3)(4) 4.按亲核加成活性大小次序排列

ClCH2CHO CHO C

H5CHO BrCH2CHO

(1)(2)(3)

(4)

5.按和氢氧化钠水溶液反应速度快慢排序

O O

CH3CO2C2H5CH3CON(CH3)2

(1)(2)(3)

6.按酸性由强到弱排列

NH2

NHCOCH3NH NHCH3

(1)(2)(3)(4)

7.按酸性由强到弱排列

OH OCH3CO2H CO2H

CO2H

OCH3

(1)(2)(3)(4) 8.碱性溶液中水解速度排序

CO2Et NH2

CO2Et

CH3

CO2Et

NO2

CO2Et (2)

(1)(3)(4)

9.下列化合物能够拆分成光活体的是

CH2CHCH2OH

CH2OH H2C

CO2H

HO2C

CHC2H5

CO2H

HO2C

(1)(2)(3)(4) 10.下列化合物具有芳香性的是

CH3

H3C

(1)(2)(3)(4)

11.按燃烧热由大到小顺序排列

(1)(2)(3)

12．按烯醇化程度由高到低顺序排列

O O

O O (1)(2)

(3)(4)

13.下列化合物不能作为双烯体发生Diels-Alder反应的是

(1)(2)(3)(4)

14.下列化合物哪一个能够溶于碳酸氢钠溶液

（1）苯胺（2）对甲基苯酚（3）苯甲酸（4）乙酰苯胺

15. 按在乙醇钠的乙醇溶液中反应速度快慢排列

(1)

(2)(3)

16.哪一种化合物不能用来干燥甲醇

（1）无水氯化钙（2）氧化钙（3）甲醇镁（4）无水硫酸钠

17. 下列化合物不具有芳香性的是

(1)(2)(3)(4)

18.下列化合物与溴加成反应速度快慢排序

(1)(2)(3)(4)

二、完成下列反应

LiAlH4(3mol)

H2O

?+?

CH2CHCH2CH

(RO)2

HCl

H2O2/NaOH

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

OCH2CH CH2

(H32

H3C

(6)

(7)

CH2COCH3

C COCl

CH3

(8)

(9)

(10)

CH3

Cl Br

OCH3

CH3CHCH2CH2COOK

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

CH3

H3C

heat

O2N NO2

NO2

O CH

CHClCO2C2H5

NH2NH2

?+?

(16)

(17)

(18)

N 2Cl

CH 3

N(CH 3)2

HCON(CH 3)

Ph 3PCH 2CH 2CH

2CH 3Br

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

三、试用化学方法分离或鉴别下列化合物 1、试用化学方法区分

C 2H 5

CHCH 3

2、试用化学方法鉴别苯胺、苄胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺。

3、试用化学方法分离苯甲醛、苯甲酸、苯甲醇。四、结构推导

1、化合物A （C 6H 12O 3）与I 2的氢氧化钠溶液作用生成黄色沉淀，与TOLLEN 试剂不反应。用稀硫酸处理A 得到B,B 可以和TOLLEN 试剂反应。A 的红外光谱在1710cm -1有强吸收。A 的NMR 数据为：δ2.1（s,3H ）,δ2.6(d,2H),δ3.2(s,6H),δ4.7(t,1H).试推测A 结构式并指标峰归属。

2、化合物A （C 16H 13O 2N ）不溶于冷的稀碱溶液。但与稀碱溶液共热部分水解可得澄清溶液。将此澄清溶液并用稀硫酸酸化可得固体B(C 16H 15O 3N)。B 与较浓的盐酸共热后可得固体酸C （C 8H 6O 4）.C 加热后可得分子式为（C 8H 4O 3）化合物D ，分出C 后的母液经浓缩可得E （C 8H 12NCl,一个盐酸盐）。E 的水溶液经亚硝酸处理后在氯化亚铜存在下加热生成化合物F(C8H9Cl),F 经剧烈氧化后生成对氯苯甲酸，试写出A-F 结构。

五、写出下列反应的历程（标出电子转移方向）

CO 2

CH 2OH

O 1.

COCH3

CH3

(2)

EtO

六、由指定原料及不超出2个碳的试剂合成

CH3

CO2C

C C2H5

CH3

OC2H

CH3

CHO

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

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