2013年考研英语绝密押题

2013考研英语试题及解析【3】Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.[B] States’ independence from fed eral immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.答案：36- CCDAD答案详解：36.标准答案: C考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力选项分析：根据题干中的关键词 three provisions of Arizona定位到文中第二段。

考研英语二押题考研英语二押题是指对考研英语二考试中可能出现的题目进行猜测和预测，以帮助考生更好地备考和应对考试。

以下是考研英语二押题示例：选择题示例：1.In the following text, the author mainly talks about ____.A. the importance of grammar in language learningB. the effectiveness of language learning through immersionC. the role of technology in language learningD. the benefits of learning multiple languages2.The word “immersion” in the passage refers to ____.A. the complete immersion in a foreign language environmentB. the use of technology to enhance language learningC. the formal education in a foreign languageD. the learning of multiple languages作文题示例：Title: The Impact of Technology on Language LearningWrite an essay on the impact of technology on language learning. Use specific examples to illustrate your points and try to make your writing interesting and engaging.要求：150-200 words.总结：考研英语二押题是指对考研英语二考试中可能出现的题目进行猜测和预测，以帮助考生更好地备考和应对考试。

英语一作文考研押题It's been a long time since I last sat down to write a proper essay in English. I remember how daunting it used to be, trying to come up with the perfect introduction and thesis statement. But now, here I am, trying to tackle this essay for the English exam. It's funny how things come full circle sometimes.I've always been a bit of a procrastinator when it comes to writing. I tend to put it off until the last minute, and then I find myself scrambling to get it done. But I've learned that I work best under pressure, so maybe it's not such a bad thing after all.When it comes to choosing a topic for an essay, I always struggle. There are just so many options, and I never know which one to pick. I want to choose something that's interesting and unique, but at the same time, Idon't want to make it too complicated for myself. It's a delicate balance, and I'm never quite sure if I've got itright.One thing I've always struggled with is finding the right words to express my thoughts. I often find myself staring at a blank page, trying to come up with the perfect sentence. It's frustrating, to say the least. But I've come to realize that sometimes, it's better to just write whatever comes to mind and then go back and edit it later.As I sit here, trying to come up with the perfect conclusion for this essay, I can't help but feel a sense of accomplishment. Writing in English has always been a challenge for me, but I've managed to get through it. And who knows, maybe I'll even do well on the exam. Only time will tell.。

2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B] external [C] crucial [D] objective3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] Above all [B] On average [C] In principle [D] For example5.[A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] for [C] to [D] on7.[A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] test [B] emphasize [C] share [D] promote9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] found [B] studied [C] chosen [D] identified11.[A] otherwise [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] exceptional12.[A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B] got [C] took [D] gave15.[A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A] below [B] after [C] above [D] before18.[A] jump [B] float [C] fluctuate [D] drop19.[A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20.[A] necessary [B] possible [C] promising [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perf ect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her _______.[A] lack of imagination [B] poor bargaining skill[C] obsession with high fashion [D] insensitivity to fashion22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to _______.[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shop for their garments more frequently[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shut out the feverish fashion world23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to _______.[A] accusation [B] enthusiasm [C] indifference [D] tolerance24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. [D] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secretText 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and A pple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that InternetExplorer 10, the version due to appear Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says, “they’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioral” ads help advertisers to _______.[A] lower their operational costs [B] ease competition among themselves[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 5, Para.3) refers to_______.[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default _______.[A] goes against human nature [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] many cut the number of junk ads29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads [B] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of_______.[A] appreciation [B] understanding [C] indulgence [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the international Union for the Concentration of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by _______.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment. [B] our faith in science and technology.[C] our awareness of potential risks. [D] our belief in equal opportunity.32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are _______.[A] a misplaced race. [B] a sustained species.[C] the world’s dominant power.[D] a threat to the environment.33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [B] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[C] Technology offers solutions to social problems. [D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to _______.[A] draw on our experience from the past. [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C] explore our planet’s a bundant resources. [D] curb our ambition to reshape history.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind. [D] Science, Technology and Humanity.Text 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held th at Congress had deliberately “occupied thefield”and Arizona has thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement p riorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturnedbecause they _______.[A] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law [B] disturbed the power balance between different states[C] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[B] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts _______.[A] violated the Constitution [B] stood in favor of the states[C] supported the federal statute [D] undermined the states’ interests39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement _______.[A] outweighs that held by the states [B] is established by federal statutes[C] is dependent on the states’ support[D] rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41) ____________________. Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42) ____________________. This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) ____________________.When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium,for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an ove rall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) ____________________. This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) ____________________. That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[D] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.[E] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy, clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[F] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[G] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and thatself-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless,it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens,introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in yourcollege, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2012年6月16日The Economist《经济学人》，原文标题是A question of judgment (《判断上的一个问题》)的文章。

2013考研英语完型In the 2013 English postgraduate entrance examination, the cloze test is an important part of the reading comprehension section. This test assesses the candidates' ability to understand the context and use appropriate vocabulary and grammar to fill in the blanks. In this article, we will discuss some tips and strategies to help you improve your performance in the cloze test.Firstly, it is essential to develop a good reading habit. Reading extensively can expose you to a wide range of vocabulary and sentence structures, which will be beneficial when encountering unfamiliar words or phrases in the cloze test. Make it a habit to read English materials such as novels, newspapers, and magazines. This will not only enhance your language skills but also improve your overall comprehension abilities.Secondly, pay attention to the context. The cloze test is designed to assess your understanding of the passage as a whole. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the meaning of the entire sentence or paragraph when filling in the blanks. Look for clues in the surrounding sentences to determine the most appropriate word choice. Sometimes, the grammatical structure of the sentence can also provide hints about the missing word.Thirdly, be mindful of collocations and word associations. English is rich in collocations, which are words that commonly appear together. For example, we say "make a decision" instead of "do a decision." Familiarize yourself with common collocations and word associations to make more accurate guesses when faced with unfamiliar words in the cloze test.Additionally, it is important to have a good grasp of grammar rules. Understanding the basic grammar structures will help you identify the correct form of the missing word. Pay attention to verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and prepositions. These grammatical aspects play a significant role in determining the appropriate word choice.Furthermore, practice regularly with past papers and mock tests. Familiarize yourself with the format and types of questions that commonly appear in the cloze test. This willhelp you become more comfortable and confident when facing the actual examination. Analyze your mistakes and learn from them. Focus on the areas where you struggle the most and dedicate more time to improving those specific skills.Lastly, manage your time effectively during the examination. The cloze test is just one part of the reading comprehension section, and you need to allocate your time wisely to complete all the questions. Read the passage quickly to get a general understanding before attempting to fill in the blanks. Skip difficult questions and come back to them later if you have time remaining.In conclusion, the cloze test requires a combination of vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills. By developing good reading habits, paying attention to the context, understanding collocations, mastering grammar rules, practicing regularly, and managing your time effectively, you can improve your performance in the cloze test. Remember to stay calm and focused during the examination, and trust in your abilities. Good luck!。

1.啃老、自力更生、奋斗It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current social problem: the number of parent-dependents is growing. In the picture, the ageing parents, sweating all over, are still serving as the A TM ( Automatic Teller Machine) for their grown-up son who, however, is taking all of this for granted.It is now increasingly common for the young to depend on their parents because they are unable to support themselves even though they have grown up. Numerous factors have contributed to this phenomenon. On the one hand, the young generation has been too spoiled by their parents to be strong enough to confront the difficulties and hardships. On the other hand, more and more parents, afraid that their beloved children may be frustrated by the strain and stress from the competitive world, are more than willing to exert all their energies to help them. In addition, the modern world is becoming far more competitive than people could bear.It is obvious that the young generation should be independent of their parents who have already made painstaking efforts to bring their children up. Therefore, effective measures must be taken to avoid this trend. First of all, a positive mental guidance must be popularized among young people to enhance their awareness of striving for a better life all by themselves and of relieving their parents of the heavy burden. Secondly, an educational campaign must be launched to help the young to be self-dependent and get away from too much stress. (248 words)2.书籍是人类进步的阶梯At first sight, we may be attracted by the high pile of books looking like a mountain in the drawing above. And then we find that a figure is climbing the book mountain, trying ti land on the peak of it. It is obvious that the painter intends to echo a realistic theme:books are stairs of human progress, just as the caption in the drawing reads.Books are the best friends of human being. For one thing, reading masterpieces, either Hamlet by Shakespeare or Red Sorghum by Mo Y an,is equivalent to communicating with men of great minds, which can nourish our souls and equip our brains with profound knowledge of the world. For another, reading is a fulfilling,mind-enhancing and life-enriching journey. Great books open a completely new and colorful world in front of us: in reading books, we are exposed to new cultures and customs of peoples in far corners of the world; in reading books, resonance can be found between souls, and the innermost voices of our heart are expressed to a full degree; in reading books, more positive values,world views, and philosophy of life can be mold ed. Knowledge knows no boundaries. Just as Francis Bacon has put it, "Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend". He has also told us how to read, "Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallow ed, and some few to be chew ed and digested". Therefore, let's keep this in mind and read wisely.(261 words)3.弘扬民族文化In the picture, we can see that there are some vases made of china, which are typical products in China since ancient time. An image of a panda playing Kung Fu is carved on the surface of vases, in which both panda and Kung Fu are the symbols of Chinese elements. Besides, the Chinese mahjong growing out of the vase is also a typical Chinese element.It is obvious that the main purpose of the picture is to reflect the phenomenon of "China fever", referring to a foreign passion and enthusiasm on Chinese elements, especially Chinese culture.There are reasons accounting for the growing interest in Chinese elements.For one thing,for the past decades, China has made conspicuous progress in all fields such as economy, science and technology, and comprehensive strength of China has been enhanced greatly. For another, thanks to these advances,China presents a new image to world and becomes increasingly attractive and appealing to the whole world. Nearly every day news and stories are reported and broadcasted about what is going on in and around China. Take Europe for example, by 2010, there are 72 Confucius Institutes in 26 European countries established to spread Chinese language and culture.Towards this kind of "China craze", we should hold a right attitude. On the one hand, we should take pride in the "China craze" by foreigners,which originates from the increasing prestige of China.On the other hand, it is the responsibility of each Chinese citizen to popularize and promote excellent traditional Chinese culture and guard a favorable image of our motherland.(2614.诚信经营、社会责任、食品安全、职业道德What a frightening scene it is! The drawing depicts that, wanting to sell his crabs at high price and make handsome profits, the man is pouring poisonous chemical powder into a basin saturated with crabs. It is obvious that such behaviours in business are dangerous to the whole society.The underlying meaning of the drawing can be elaborated in terms of integrity in business and social responsibility. On the one hand, integrity, which is one of the greatest virtues of the Chinese nation, should be the keyword and best policy for business operation. Some conscienceless businessmen, however, turn o blind eye to the health and security of their fellow countrymen and care about nothing but making money. On the other hand, social responsibility is closely linked with each citizen. Ignorance of social responsibility may bring destructive impacts on our nation. For example, production of low quality and insanitary food like poisonous powdered milk may destroy the health of children, who are the future of the Chinese nation.In conclusion, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to curb these evil phenomena instead of letting the grim situation run uncontrolled. Much can be done. For instance, relative laws and regulations should be enacted to punish cheating behaviours in business severely. A wide-ranging and deep-going educational campaign must be launched to enhance the sense of integrity and social responsibility. Only in these ways can we live in a healthy world.(239 words) 5.人生、未来、选择In the above picture, two roads diverge in front of us, who may stay there long, not knowing which one to take. To turn left or to turn right, that is a hard decision. Each road in its due direction may lead us to a different destination. This coincides with the life journey of human being, which is also full of hard and painful choices.The underlying meaning of the drawing can be illustrated as follow. On the one hand, for a real road, if stepping on a wrong way, one can return to the original point, but life is a one-way journey: one cannot start it all over again. Different choices in life may make great differences. For example, one can get on different buses, meet different people and thus live a completely different life. On the other hand, to some extent, future is a combination of choices and efforts. Some people even believe that one's success depends more on how intelligently he chooses than on how diligently he works. With a wrong direction, the farther we go, the farther we are away from our dream.Therefore, positive mental guidance must be popularized among the public, especially the young, to help them keep a clear mind and make wise choices in the life journey. Besides, everyyoungster should be educated to realize his position and the reality and choose his life goal in a down-to-earth manner. Only with a right direction and destination can all the efforts made towards our dream pay off.(253 words)6. 婚姻爱情观与金钱态度What a worrying scene it is! In the drawing, hoping to marry a rich man and be a full-time housewife in the future, a young and beautiful lady is asking the man about his salary in their blind date, which surprises and upsets the man.The drawing reflects an undeniable and undesirable trend emerging in today's society: wrong values of money and marriage. When it comes to marriage, some young people, being too lazy to face the competition today, treat money, rather than love, as the top priority for consideration. This is a dangerous and detrimental trend for both the families and the society.On the one hand, without true love or the toil and torture of hardship, the money-oriented marriage may lack a solid foundation and tend to break up easily whenever the couple is confronted with great difficulties. On the other hand, if all young people are reluctant to struggle and make a great effort to achieve success, but rather rely on a "rich" marriage to change their fate, the development of the society in which they live will fall into a vicious circle. It is hard to imagine how the society can go forward and make progress, with the young being short of spirit of working hard.In one word, effective measures must be taken to educate the young to have a correct view and attitude towards marriage: the foundation of marriage should be reciprocal tolerance, mutual understanding, common ideal, and helping each other to weather bad time instead of a large amount of money and depending on spouse. It is in a marriage full of true love and harmony that prepetual happiness and pleasure lie.(265 words)7.低碳环保As is vividly depicted by the drawing above, a girl is riding her bicycle freely, instead of driving a car, enjoying the fresh air, the fun of outdoor sports and the picturesque landscape. The cartoon shows us an encouraging and pleasant scene: people are now increasingly aware of the significance of environmental protection.There is no doubt that the drawing aims at highlighting a prevailing lifestyles: low-carbon life--to produce the emission of carbon, especially carbon dioxide, to protect our environment and realize the goal of sustainable development. People in mounting numbers today are aware of the problem of greenhouse effect and global warming, and thus pay more attention to reducing carbon emission. As a green and environmental-friendly life style,"low-carbon life" is penetrating into every corner of our life: examples can be easily found anywhere in our daily life. For instance, large numbers of people nowadays are consciously reducing their time for watc hing TV. According to statistics, if we decrease the time for having the television on by one hour each day, we can reduce the amount of carbon emission by 4.71 kilograms each month.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must further promote and popularize a low carbon life among the public from every detail in daily life. We must change the past practice of sacrificing long-term environmental health for short-term rapid economic development, and shift to developing green economy, circular economy and low carbon economy. All these effective measures can help us to reach balance and harmony between development of the society and health of the nature.(267 words)8. 众志成城，奉献爱心As is apparently revealed in the picture above, everyone, regardless of age, gender and class,is donating their share of money to the fellowmen in need spontaneously, without reluctance. It is obvious that people’s mindset of charity and love has improved remarkably. Although the strength of each individual is little, “many a little makes a miracle”, just as the proverb goes.All of us need to show our love to the disadvantaged groups because love is probably the noblest among all the worthy feelings of mankind. As an exemplification of love, we should recall how friendly and caring people both home and abroad were in helping the victims of the disastrous earthquake in Sichuan and Qinghai Province. That is the true love of humanity across the boundaries of nationality and wealth. Some generous donors may not be necessarily wealthy themselves, but they are so rich spiritually.In my view, we can show our love to others in varieties of ways. The best way is to be well-prepared to help people in trouble anytime as much as possible. In return, we may receive unexpected surprise when we are in trouble. In this way, we can create a warm social atmosphere for everybody, in which we can live with more happiness and appreciation. Just as the proverb goes, “the fragrance always stays with the hand that gives roses”. In helping others lies the source of happiness.（235 words）9.心理健康问题There is no doubt that this vivid drawing is designed to reveal a vital theme: mental health. Each of the youngsters in the drawing is carrying a transparent and crystal-like “heart”, saying, “please leave me alone, my heart is as fragile as glass”.It has been widely misunderstood that health only refers to physical health, but it never occurs to them that mental health also matters.Indeed, the problem of mental health is increasingly common among people, especially the young. There are many reasons accounting for this issue. On the one hand, as a result of a growing number of single-parent family or frequent quarrels between couples, many youngsters are subject to great depression originating from `their families. On the other hand, with the competition being fierce, teenagers are more likely to be confronted with great pressure coming from academic study. Besides, the employment stresses are so hugely imposed on the young that they are consistently encountered with mental strain or anxiety. Psychological problems, if not properly handled, may lead to destructive consequences. For example, suicidal accidents and school violence happen from time to time in universities.In short, it is high time that we highlighted the importance of metal health education and guidance to help the young diffuse the pressure before it threatens their psychological health. For example, lectures on how to improve the ability to get along with others as well as deal with stresses and strains in our life, study and work should be given as many as possible. It is via this way, actually, that the young generation can have a healthy mind and a promising future.(276 ) 10.身体健康It is a truth known to everyone that “He who has health has hope, and he who has hope has everything”. However, with a “bomb”posing a potential and prompt threat to his health, the lean “white collar”is still undertaking too much workload,picturing that he would not fall ill in the near future.The drawing conveys an alarming and dangerous tendency to us: people seem to be unaware of their state of sub-health, assuming that they would not be so unlucky as to develop any disease until they really do. For one thing, the tendency originates from certain social factors: threatened by the survival pressure or lured by the attempt of making more money, a considerable number of modern people, especially those living in large metropolitan areas, are overworking at the risk oflosing health. It is common that people are not conscious of the value of health until they are ill. For another, the impacts caused by the tendency are tragic and damaging. As we all know, if we had no health, everything else—wealth, fame or power—would seem to be so meaningless and boring; if we possessed no health, we would lose everything we have—hope, happiness and future.It is imperative for us to do something. First of all, health campaigns should be planed and organized to help people establish good habits such as healthy diet, enough sleep, and abundant exercises and so on. Secondly, people should be educated to be aware that health matters more than wealth. It is health that is the highest priority in life and the origin of everything else. It is via these ways that we can have the capital to achieve our goals, dreams, and ambitions.（291）11.醉酒驾车与安全意识、社会责任What a scary and sensational scene it is! In the driver’s seat of a car sits a huge bottle of wine, symbolizing a driver as drunken as a fiddler. As a consequence, the car has already reached the edge of a bottomless cliff, while the driver is totally unconscious of the risk. What is conveyed by the picture has both realistic and alarming implications for each member of the country.The profound meaning of the vivid drawing can be elaborated in terms of both awareness of security and social responsibility. For one thing, consciousness of safety should be one of our top priorities. Life is one-way journey: you cannot experience it twice, so life is to be respected and awed. It is cruel and inhumane to spell the end of any life, with a careless driving under the influence (DUI). For another, to act as a responsible member of the society, each of us should bear social responsibility. We do not live only for ourselves but also for those who we love and who love us. It is irresponsible to claim the end of either lives of drivers or lives of other victims, leaving the families and relatives into deep grief and, maybe, with a great living burden.In short, it is imperative that legislative measures should be taken by the authority to punish drunk drivers severely such as suspending their driving licenses or even putting them into jail. Besides, the mass media, such as TV, radio and website should act together to enhance awareness of security and sense of responsibility to reduce the rate of car accidents. 27012建立信任A positive scene can be seen in the drawing above: two young men are buying buns at a self-service stall.Feeling being trusted, they are happy enough to hand in their money in exchange for what they want, and ,even if there is no one monitoring them, they have no wish to avoid paying the cash at all.As the caption puts it: being trusted is so wonderful--this is what the drawing tries to convey.On the one hand, just as love can bring sweetness to souls of lovers, trust can bring positive energy to those who trust each other.On the other hand, credit, as an invisible name card of a man, can gain many chances for him; a man without credit will not be trusted by others so that it is hard for him to achieve anything. By the same token, a company without credit can by no means flourish and a country without credit can never construct a favorable image in the international world.Considering the above points, we can naturally reach a conclusion: trust is indispensable to the upkeep of nearly every kind of interpersonal relationship. Without trust, husband and wife will break up and friends will fail apart. And in reality,, trust is like a paper: once it is crumpled, it is hard to make it perfect again.Therefore, we must make every effort to create an atmosphere ofmutual trust.Never can we establish a harmonious relationship with people around us until we build mutual trust. 25313个人隐私安全According to investigation results shown in the three graphs above, we can see that about 90 percent of people reveal that they have suffered form personal data leakage. In the second pie chart, we see that most people think legal penalty should be a major solution to such a problem. Besides, the column chart shows us that there are various paths though which private information can go to the wrong hands.It is obvious that personal data leakage is rather rampant nowadays and the security of privacy of citizen is now being seriously threatened. For one thing, with the development of information technology and the Internet, personal data is also being let out in more ways and at a higher speed. For example, much of our personal information is disclosed online unconsciously by ourselves in various manners such as posting resumes on the Internet to hunt for a job or writing a blog. What is more, some companies or individuals get the personal data by illegal means such as buying it form some telecom companies and alike. For another, such leakage of personal data as mobile phone number, ID number or credit card information may cause a lot of troubles for the security of both individuals and society. For instance, some people may use our ID number to go into illegal behaviors or steal money by the credit card.With the situation of personal data leakage serious and widespread, it is high time that we employed effective measures to curb this situation. First of all, adequate legal penalty should be established to punish people who sell or distribute data of others illegally. Secondly, an awareness of protecting personal data should be popularized among people so that they can pay much more attention to not disclosing personal data in inappropriate situations and thus prevent data form going astray.31014脚踏实地、平常心做人As is vividly depicted by the drawing above, a young job-hunting girl refuses a service post without any hesitation, complaining that she will never take a job of serving others. At the same time she is wondering why finding a promising job is so difficult in modern society.This phenomenon can easily be found anywhere in our daily life, especially on campus .On the one hand, many job-seekers are reluctant to take jobs that they consider to be humble and trivial, such as being a secretary or an assistant, because they have great ambitions and they only want to ride on the peak of success. The mystery is that are not conscious that ambition is to be achieved step by step. On the other hand, wanting to gain more but pay less, both the jobless and graduating students aspire to seek a job that is well-paid, relaxing and comfortable. This kind of “no work, all pay”attitude towards life can be destructive to both personal and social development. We should not look down upon service industry, the third industry, because it does provide us with many employment opportunities and positions.Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to improve the current situation. For one thing, an educational campaign should be launched to popularize the idea that “the longest journey starts with a single step”and to cultivate a down-to-earth attitude towards life. For another, the tendency of being lazy must be eradicated form the mind of the young. Only in his way can people realize their value of life better and can unemployment rate is reduced and thus can social harmony be achieved.27715节约资源、环保Water used to be mistaken as an unlimited and renewable resource. Actually, water resource is extremely limited and precious. As a result, our planet, used to be rich and gorgeous, is now seriously in want of resources of all kinds. Just as is depicted in the picture, the dry and thirsty “giant”is trying his best to collect the last drop of water in the world with his “cracked”dry bowl, wanting to satisfy his need for water. What s shocking scene it is!It has been long known that water shortage is a serious problem threatening the existence and survival of the whole human being, yet the phenomenon of wasting water can still be easily found anywhere in our daily life. For example, water taps are frequently left on by careless users. Someone even assumes that be he has the right to waste water because he has paid for it so that it has nothing to do with others. In fact, so precious is water that we cannot afford to waste it. Water resource is indispensable not only for our daily life but also for the industry and agriculture. And water is the wealth of the whole mankind, and it is hard to imagine what the world would be like if there were no water any more.Even though an increasing number of people have become aware of this emergency, further measure still need to be taken. On the macro level, the whole world should make a joint effort to fight against waster of water. On the micro level, publicizing activities, such as broadcasting wonderful ways on how to save water on TV and other media, should be conducted. To store water means to store happiness and only by saving water can we save a better life for our offspring.30016人均收入稳步上涨The graphs coming into our eyes specify encouraging statistics: incomes of both urban and rural residents have witnessed a period of unprecedented growth in five years after 2006. Even though rural residents still have a lower overall income than urban residents, we see that incomes of people living in villages are growing at o higher rate.What are the factors lying behind to promote this trend? It goes without saying that, first and foremost, the sustained growth in residential incomes directly results from the booming of the economy. For the past several years, economic growth has been a rising tide that lifts all boats, raising the incomes of the people in rural as well as in urban areas. What is more, endeavors made by governments at all levels must be reckoned as a crucial driving force,especially for the income rise of rural people, a direct result of governments' policy of supporting agriculture.While enjoying these fruits of victory,we can never stop our steps heading forward.As we have seen, there is still a gap between villages and towns. Our government has never given up effort to improve living standards of its people. And we, as members of the society, should be diligent enough to improve ourselves and make contributions to the economic growth, too. By doing this, we can have a brighter future. 23017换位思考At first glance, we may be disappointed when we see a white worm coming out of the bitten apple,but a closer observation of the words spoken by the kid who has bitten the apple may shock us:does the worm ruin my apple?Or do I ruin the home of the little poor worm?The seemingly funny cartoon conveys a deep-going implication which is rarely noticed:transpositional consideration. The term "transpositional consideration" means that we should put ourselves in other people's position to figure out what they care about and what they are going to do,so we can understand them better and respond to their behaviors better.However, in the day-to-day reality, we are accustomed to thinking problems and dealing with interpersonallinks basing on our own stand and viewpoint, while ignoring the effect of our behaviors upon others.As a logical consequence,misunderstanding frequently arises, leading to failure to build a smooth interpersonal relationship.For the sake of enjoying a more harmonious life,it is crucial for us to help people to mold a new life philosophy: transpositional consideration. For example, some educational advertisement can be designed to spread the idea of "Do as you would be done by" through all kinds of media,such as TV, the Internet and so on. In this way, the habit of "transpositional thinking" can be cultivated and the relationship between people would become more harmonious. 23618城市交通How horrible the traffic is! The picture depicts a scenario of a terrible traffic jam in the street. In fact, the traffic jam is so heavy that it is more of a parking lot than a crowded street. Anxious passengers cannot take buses because there are few buses. Instead, the street is filled with too many private cars.Exaggerated as it is, the phenomenon is not uncommon nowadays. With the number of private cars increasing, traffic jams in metropolitans are bound to happen. Heavy transportation pressure in large cities may bring much inconvenience to people and exert negative impacts on the environment. On the one hand, when a traffic jam happens, short distance seems to become terribly long, and drivers could do nothing but wait. Therefore, a lot of precious time has been wasted on the road. On the other hand, exhausted gas emitted by cars has increased the burden of environment and caused carbon emission, which has diverted from the concept of living a low carbon life.Therefore, effective measures should be taken to alleviate the traffic jam. Firstly, taxes levied on the purchase of private cars should be raised so as to restrict private car ownership rate. Secondly, public transportation such as buses and subways, which are low-carbon transportation means, should be encouraged and promoted so that we can have a smooth transportation. 23519网络的利与弊Just as what is shown in the picture, a girl is asking a question online. Answers from different netizens differ so11 greatly that the girl is very confused about whom she should follow. Obviously, it is becoming a fashion for people to consult the Internet when confronting a dilemma.The implication conveyed in the drawing can be elaborated as follows. On the one hand, the Internet has provided us with great convenience. For example, we can get knowledge about nearly all aspects on the Internet with only several keyboard commands and a few clicks of the mouse through search engines such as Baidu and so on. On the other hand, with an explosive amount of information on the Internet, it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. For example, teenagers may mistake the false information online for true, the result of which can be rather devastating. Some unhealthy information on the net may exert negative impacts on people.In conclusion, on the one hand, it is important for us to take full advantage of the Internet to enhance our efficiency and save our time. On the other hand, effective steps should be taken to educate people to avoid and exclude inappropriate and even wrong data online so as not to be misguided. Only in this way can the net better serve our life, study and work. 23320.业余时间分配According to the statistics shown in the pie chart, the spare time of students in university surveyed is generally allocated as follows. The majority of spare time, 53%, is assigned to doing sports. Second to sports, 36% of the spare time is used to surf the Internet. But only a small。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B] submits[C] transmits[D] delivers2. [A] minor[B] objective[C] crucial[D] external3. [A] issue [B] vision[C] picture[D] moment4. [A] For example[B] On average[C] In principle[D] Above all5. [A] fond[B] fearful[C] capable[D] thoughtless6. [A] in[B] on [C] to[D] for7. [A] if[B] until[C] though[D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize[C] share[D] test9. [A] decision[B] quality[C] status[D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied[C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible[C] replaceable[D] otherwise12. [A] inspired[B] expressed[C] conducted[D] secured13. [A] assigned[B] rated[C] matched[D] arranged14. [A] put[B] got[C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead[B] then[C] ever[D] rather16. [A] selected[B] passed[C] marked[D] introduced17. [A] before[B] after[C] above[D] below18. [A] jump[B] float[C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve[B] undo[C] maintain[D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible[C] necessary[D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year indictment of “fast fashion.”In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world's answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can't be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her .[A]insensitivity to fashion[B] obsession with high fashion[C] poor bargaining skill[D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to .[A] combat unnecessary waste[B] shop for their garments more frequently[C] resist the influence of advertisements[D] shut out the feverish fashion world23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] tolerance [B] indifference[C] enthusiasm [D]accusation24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.[D] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guaranteethat DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple? [433 words]26. It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to .[A] provide better online services[B] ease competition among themselves[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] lower their operational costs27.“The industry” (Line 6, Para. 3) refers to .[A] internet browser developers[B] digital information analysts[C] e-commerce conductors[D] online advertisers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default .[A] may cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.[B] DNT may not serve its intended purpose.[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of .[A] indulgence [B] understanding[C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfilment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations arenow thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by .[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN's “Red List” suggests that human beings are .[A] a sustained species[B] the world's dominant power[C] a threat to the environment[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[B] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[C] Technology offers solutions to social problems.[D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to .[A] adopt an optimistic view of the world[B] draw on our experience from the past[C] explore our planet's abundant resources[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.[B] Science, Technology and Humanity.[C] Evolution of the Human Species.[D] Uncertainty about Our Future.Text 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration lawMonday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That's because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power.” The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona's plan were overturned because they .[A] disturbed the power balance between different states[B] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[C] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Congress's intervention in immigration enforcement[B] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D] States’ independence from federal immigration law38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts .[A] stood in favor of the states[B] supported the federal statute[C] undermined the states’ interests[D] violated the Constitution39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] is dependent on the states’ support.[B] is established by federal statutes.[C] outweighs that held by the states.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)___________________________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)___________________________ This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43)___________________________When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding.(44)___________________This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)___________________________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[B] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention fromscientists, especially the young ones.[C] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[D] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one's relation to one's environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fullyjustifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section Ⅱ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2013年全真试题答案Section I Use of English1. A2. D3. C4. A5. B6. B7. A8. D9. D 10. A11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. CText 2 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. DText 3 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. AText 4 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. DPart B41.E 42.F 43.D 44.G 45.APart C46．然而，看到那些无家可归的人所创建的花园的照片时，我们不禁会发现这一系列花园即使风格各异，揭示的却是几种其他的根本需求，不限于美饰与表达的范畴。

绕去，直到把你绕晕为止。

这种句子大家都知道难，也对它们比较重视，而另外一些句子，看起来比较短，但一样费解。

比如2005年阅读理解的第四篇中，有这么一句：In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. 这个句子并不长，但是要看懂，首先要有一定的词汇水平，triumph, spontaneity, 和craft要认识(其中craft考的还是一个不常见的意思)。

其次还要看懂后半句的省略结构，而最难的是，要理解talk和speak两个词之间的微妙差别。

只有这三点都做到，才能算合格，后面的题目也才能做对。

第三、任何一道选择题，正确选项为什么对，错误选项为什么错，都能说得清清楚楚。

前面两点，我们重点解决的是英语基本能力的问题，而这第三点，就是应试技巧的范畴了。

考研英语100分中有60分是选择题。

选择题的基本命题理念，就是用一些错误的选项来干扰大家的思路，从而考察大家在对和错之间的选择。

我们如果想一步一步地修正自己的做题思路，让自己的思路和命题专家的思路高度统一，就必须不仅知道正确选项其正确
在什么地方，而且还要明晰错误的选项凭什么错。

这一点，说起来容易，做起来是耗时耗力的，据笔者的经验，真题细读标准中，这第三点对大家最有难度。

考研英语，要说简单，也很简单，只要大家把过去考过的十年真题，按照以上的三个标准，吃懂吃透，再辅以少量的模拟试题训练，在考场上考到一个比全国平均分略高的分数是绝对不成问题的。

因此，大家要有信心和毅力，更要坚持不懈地把真题细读进行到底!
(unjs)。

年考研英语绝密押题————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Topic 1：mutual trust 互相信任的意义The cartoon aims at informing us of the significance of mutual-trust. Definitely，No one can deny the importance of it. mutual trust is conducive to the harmony of society. With trust among each other, people of diverse disposition, experience, thinking mode and backgrounds can have a better understanding and communication, and thus reduce unnecessary conflicts and frictions. To further illustrate the significance of mutual trust, I would like to take an empirical evidence as a case in point: surveys conducted by certain career-related websites have shown that roughly 98% of white-collar workers are more inclined to work with colleagues they trust. (almost 98% of white-collar workers regard mutual trust as lubricant of effective collaboration. )From my perspective, at no time should we underestimate the power of mutual trust. Furthermore, we should trust people as much as possible and try our utmost to influence those who do not trust people easily, inform them of the significance of it. Only in this way can live in a more harmonious world.Topic1: adversity逆境的意义The cartoon aims at informing us of the significance of adversity. Definitely，No one can deny the importance of adversity. Adversity is conducive to people’s growth and maturity. By facing adversity with confidence and a brave heart, people are more likely to recognize themselves profoundly, bring their potential into full play and accumulate more experiences. To further illustrate the significance of adversity, I would like to take an empirical evidence as a case in point: surveys conducted by some biographers have demonstrated that almost all of the great men and celebrities have built their mansion of success on the bedrock of adversity.From my perspective, at no time should we underestimate the power of adversity. Furthermore, when coming across adversity, we should not regard it as a obstacle to success; instead, we might as well envision it as a precious chance to improve ourselves, fight against it courageously and acquire wisdom from it. “Adversity breeds success.” An ancient Greek philosopher also once said.1. 产品质量低下问题inferior quality of products问题产生的原因In the first place，Quite a few businessmen put the economic interests in the first place while overlook the importance of quality and safety.(Additionally，In order to reduce costs，they tend to use inferior materials，simplify the production process and shorten the manufacturing time.)Last but not least，the absence of strict supervision and severe punishment on those who produce low quality products has also reinforced the trend. (74words)问题的解决措施Firstly，relevant administration departments should spare no efforts to strengthen supervision on the manufacturing process.Secondly，relevant laws and regulations should be made and implemented to impose a heavy penalty on those who manufacture fake and inferior products.Only in this way can we guarantee the quality of products and the interests of consumers/ people’s safety. (58 words)2. 物价过高High prices (民生问题，映射楼价政策等)问题产生的原因For one thing，Greed is largely to blame, most companies and manufacturing units rais e prices to rake in excessive profits at the expense of customers’ interests.For another，The reduction of subsidies from the government has forced companies and manufacturing units to depend largely on high prices. It is obvious that without remarkable increase in government support, they will continue to regard customers as their primary source of revenue. (71words)问题的解决措施For one thing，Relevant administration departments should spare no efforts to strengthen supervision on prices of basic commodities.For another，The authorities should increase subsidies for certain companies to encourage them to lower their prices.Only with these measures adopted can we ensure a healthier market and enable those who have low financial conditions to afford to buy basic goods. (62words)Topic 1: Mobile-phone subscriptionsFrom the bar chart given above, we can observe that mobile-phone subscriptions in developing and developed country experienced some changes during the past several year. The number of mobile-phone subscriptions in developing countries increased dramatically from less than 1 billion in 2000 to 4 billion in 2008. Taking a look at the statistics of mobile-phone subscriptions in developed countries, we can see that it ascended gradually from less than 1 billion in 2000 to the maximum at 1 billion in 2007, and then remained unchanged in 2008.The bar chart reveals that there exists difference in the development of mobile-phone subscriptions between developing and developed countries. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows: the authorities in developing countries have issued some preferential policies to protect and promote the development of the mobile-phone industry. Moreover, with the improvement of financial status and purchasing power, people in mounting numbers can afford to buy mobile-phones which was once deemed expensive. When it comesto developed countries, its slow growth can be best attributed to the market saturation: almost every one has owned mobile-phones, it is no need for them to buy a new one.By observing the trend in developed countries, we may forecast that the mobile-phone subscriptions will not continue to grow rapidly, as developing countries will meet the same problem of “limited grow space”. This is, obviously, the law of the market development.Topic 9: The difference of job satisfaction among people at diverse ages.From the table chart given above，we can observe that it reflects the statistics of staff’s job satisfaction in a certain company. 50% of staff at the age less than and equal to 40 years old are not clear about their job satisfaction. Staff at the age between 41 and 50 years old who are not content with their jobs account for 64%. When it comes to the staff at the age over 50 years old, we can find that 40% of them are satisfied with their jobs, ranking first among all the three age groups.The table chart reveals that there exists huge difference in job satisfaction among people at different ages. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon ? Reasons can be listed as follows: the reason why people at the age less than and equal to 40s are not clear about their jobs is that they don’t have so much time and energy to reflect on whether his job is goo or not, all they have to do is to work hard and contend for more opportunities. As for those who are at the age between 41 and 50 years old, confronted with pressures from works, families and society, they can hardly stay put. Instead, they should pour all their energies into making money, supporting their families and enhance their social status. However, entering into a new stage of life: 50 years old, they are more likely to enjoy their life. Moreover, a fat pay, high social status, sense of achievement and respect form others enables them to lead acomfortable and satisfactory life.As common saying goes, “ it is impossible to please anyone.” In terms of jobs, it also can hardly please any staffs. However, we can do something to change the situation : staffs themselves should adjust their attitude towards jobs. The companies should also enforce some policies to improv e staffs’ living standard and enhance the sense of gratification. (325words)。

2013年职称英语理工类A、B、C级密卷名师押题When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach当我们的眼睛服务我们的胃Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world；they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten.我们的感官不只是提供世界上正在发生的事情一个严格的看法；他们在我的头上有什么影响。

一项新的研究发现，饥饿的人看到食品相关的词比那些刚刚吃过的人更清楚。

Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on inside our head affects our senses．For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter．Rémi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens．Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-1evel thinking processes get involved.心理学家们已经知道了几十年，怎么在我们的头会影响我们的感觉。

2012年考研选择题秘籍宝典卷2 （只看选项就能选出答案）二零一二年十月说明此版本是《2012年考研选择题秘籍宝典卷2（只看选项就能选出答案）》完整版。

网上卖的所有版本（可能名字有些不同，例如《冲刺必备2012考研英语政治选择题考试答题技巧辅导用书》）内容与此完全一样，你不必再多花冤枉钱啦。

第1招对2000至2010年历年真题的研究发现在阅读理解中，不管题型是推理、细节事实、句子理解，还是例证等若选项含有表述否定的关键词no、no longer、little、cannot，则该选项极有可能不是正确答案，可优先排除之请看下面的例子此题中，A项含有little，D项含有no，排除AD【正确答案是B】【正确答案是B】此题中，B项含有no longer，排除B【正确答案是A】【正确答案是C】2000年以来更多应用此招式的类似例子还有很多，例如：2002年T ext4第56题2002年T ext4第57题2003年T ext2第49题2005年T ext1第22题2005年T ext2第26题2006年T ext2第26题2006年T ext2第27题2006年T ext2第28题2007年T ext2第27题2009年T ext4第37题2010年T ext3第34题第2招先看一个例子，是2010年Text1第23题试试看，是否能在5秒之内排除两个错误选项？注意比较A、B、C、D四个选项，会发现，AD选项中都含有关键词journalistic答案就在AD中优先排除不含相同关键词journalistic的BC选项对2000至2010年历年真题的研究发现在阅读理解中，在A、B、C、D四个选项中，若有两个或三个选项都含有相同的关键词，则正确答案就在它们之中不含相同关键词的选项基本都是错误选项，优先排除请再看下面的例子此题中，AB项都含有关键词music，答案就在AB中，排除CD【正确答案是A】答案就在ACD中，排除B【正确答案是A】2000年以来更多应用此招式的类似例子还有很多，例如：2000年T ext1第51、52、53、54题2000年T ext2第56、58题2000年T ext3第59题2000年T ext4第65、66题2001年T ext1第52题2001年T ext2第57题2001年T ext3第59题2001年T ext5第67题2002年T ext1第41、44题2002年T ext2第46、49、50题2002年T ext3第53、54题2002年T ext4第56题2003年T ext1第44题2003年T ext2第50题2003年T ext3第53题2003年T ext4第57题2004年T ext1第45题2004年T ext2第50题2004年T ext4第57、59题2005年T ext2第30题2005年T ext3第32、33题2006年T ext1第22、23题2006年T ext2第26题2006年T ext3第31、32题2006年T ext4第39题2007年T ext1第29题2007年T ext3第34题2007年T ext4第39题2008年T ext1第25题2008年T ext2第26、30题2008年T ext3第33题2009年T ext3第34题2009年T ext4第36题2010年T ext1第21、23、24、25题2010年T ext2第30题2010年T ext3第35题2010年T ext4第36题第3招对2000年以来历年真题的研究发现在阅读理解中，假若有两个选项A和B，A可作为论据支持说明B，或者说是，因为A所以B，那么，B就是正确答案此命名为“A支持B原则”需要注意的是在对选项之间的支持关系进行判断时，勿须深究逻辑的严谨性，只要说得通即可请看下面的例子此题中，AD之间的关系可理解为：因为D所以A即，因为有“A prevailing trend against business-method patents”，所以说是“A looming threat”所以正确答案是A即，因为B中的“今天强调创造力”和D中的“智力测试特点的定义已改变”，所以有A 中的“成绩用不同的计算方法”所以正确答案是A此题中，AD之间的关系可理解为：因为D所以A，即因为“财富增加”所以“客户需求更大”；BC之间的关系可理解为：因为C所以B，即因为“生产力增长”所以“供给过剩”所以，正确答案在AB中选择，排除CD【正确答案是A】2000年以来更多应用此招式的类似例子还有很多，例如：2000年T ext2第55题：BD支持C2000年T ext5第67题：B支持A2001年T ext1第52题：C支持B2001年T ext2第55题：A支持C2001年T ext2第56题：BCD支持A2001年T ext2第57题：C支持D2001年T ext3第62题：BCD支持A2001年T ext5第68题：CD支持AB（说明：答案在AB中选择）2002年T ext1第45题：BD支持A2002年T ext3第51题：D支持B2002年T ext4第56题：C支持B2003年T ext1第43题：B支持C2003年T ext1第44题：AB支持D2003年T ext4第60题：B支持C2004年T ext2第48题：B支持C2004年T ext2第50题：A支持D2004年T ext3第54题：D支持A2005年T ext1第22题：A支持B2006年T ext1第23题：A支持C2006年T ext1第24题：C支持D2006年T ext2第26题：D支持A2006年T ext3第31题：A支持C2006年T ext3第33题：A支持C2007年T ext2第27题：D支持C2007年T ext3第31题：ABD支持C2007年T ext4第39题：CD支持A2008年T ext2第27题：B支持C2008年T ext2第30题：D支持B2009年T ext3第33题：A支持B2009年T ext4第36题：D支持B2010年T ext1第21题：A支持B2010年T ext2第27题：C支持D2010年T ext3第33题：C支持A最后，再强调在判断选项之间的支持关系时，只要能够自圆其说即可，不必在意逻辑上是否严谨，也不必在意文章在说什么第4招对2000年以来11年真题的研究发现在阅读理解题的四个选项中，若有选项含有表述区别、差异等意思的关键词，例如different/difference/distinction，则优先排除此选项请看下面的例子此题中，C项含有different，排除C【正确答案是A】此题中，C项含有difference，排除C【正确答案是D】以下是2000年以来更多应用此招式的例子：2002年T ext1第45题（含different）2007年T ext2第26题（含different）2008年T ext1第21题（含different）2008年T ext1第24题（含different）2000年T ext2第57题（含difference）2005年T ext3第32题（含difference）2001年T ext1第52题（含distinction）此技巧有例外，例如2009年T ext4第40题但是，在2000至2010年的所有真题中，例外的情况很少在考试中，假如遇到一个含有different/ difference/distinction的选项，而且不能确信是否是正确答案，最好是不选在阅读理解题的四个选项中若有选项含有表述重要性意思的关键词，例如essential/important/importance，则优先排除此选项在2000年以来的真题中，无一例外请看下面的例子此题中，D项含有essential，排除D【正确答案是B】此题中，B项含有importance，排除B【正确答案是D】以下是2000年以来所有含有essential/important/importance并应用此招式的例子：2004年T ext2第47题（含essential）2005年T ext3第34题（含essential）2007年T ext4第40题（含essential）2007年T ext1第21题（含importance）无论是政治还是英语，只要是选择题，题干与选项之间都存在一些内在的关系根据这些关系，有时会直接选出正确答案在考研阅读中，题干与选项之间的关系主要有以下三种：1、题干与选项在某些关键词上表述对立2、题干与选项含有相同的关键词3、题干与选项存在固定搭配关系这些关系在历年真题中几乎无一例外请看下面的例子，首先是第1种关系：题干与选项表述对立此题中，题干含有关键词suggest，表示非强制性；而D项含有关键词require，带有强制性，显然二者是对立关系所以D是正确答案所以C是正确答案其实，题干中的implies已经暗示选择表述对立的选项题干与选项表述对立的例子还有：► 2001年Text3第62题题干中的effort与A项中的failure to realize表述对立，所以A是正确答案其实，题干中的despite已经暗示选择表述对立的选项► 2003年Text3第51题题干中的monopoly与C项中的competitor表述对立，所以C是正确答案其实，题干中的unlikely已经暗示选择表述对立的选项► 2004年Text1第44题题干中的only表述限制性，而B项中的more表述开放性，二者对立，所以B是正确答案► 2004年Text2第48题题干含有关键词suggest，表示非强制性；而CD项都含有关键词should，带有强制性，所以题干与CD表述对立，正确答案应该在CD中选择【正确答案是C】下面是关于第2种关系的例子：题干与选项含有相同关键词此题中，题干和选项BC都含相同关键词influence，所以正确答案在BC中选择【正确答案是C】此题中，题干和选项A都含相同关键词score，所以正确答案是A题干与选项含有相同关键词的例子还有：► 2000年Text1第51题题干和选项C都含相同关键词war，所以正确答案是C► 2000年Text4第66题题干和选项AD都含相同关键词life，所以正确答案在AD中选择【正确答案是A】► 2007年Text2第27题题干和选项BC都含相同关键词test，所以正确答案在BC中选择【正确答案是C】下面是关于第3种关系的例子：题干与选项固定搭配此题中，选项A中的illustrate是表示例证的典型代表词，与题干中的example是固定搭配，所以A是正确答案在历年的真题中，表示例证的标志词还有：illustration、demonstrate/demonstration、cite/citation、exemplify、case是固定搭配，所以C是正确答案类似的例子还有：第7招请先看下面的一道题，是2008年T ext1第23题此题四个选项很有特点，都是X and Y模式针对此题，你是否能做到仅通过比较四个选项就能找出正确答案？其实很简单，就是比较and前后单词在词义上是否属于同类以上题为例，选项C中的durable和frequent都是表述时间长久之意，属于同类而其他选项中and前后单词都不属于同类所以，正确答案是C此题选项AC中，but前后单词必然不是同类，所以首先排除AC，答案在BD中选择仔细比较会发现，BD中and前后的单词都不属于同类那么，如何在BD中做出选择呢？此时，应判断and前后单词是否存在明显的矛盾选项D中，pointless是“毫无意义”，wasteful是“浪费”。

考研英语作文押题10篇范文二（Internet发展）Internet is becoming more and more popular in the world. As is shown in the pictures, two persons are sitting in front of their own computer in different places. they seem to be very happy owing to the accession to Internet. We can see clearly that the left fellow(guy) types a message and sends it to the right one, the message says:”David, would you have a coffee tonight?”the right one receives it and quickly replys:”sure,where?”What a convenient tool of Internet is! With the rapid development of high technologies and economy, people will get more and more benefits from the use of internet.(or: people will benefit a lot from Internet)There is no denying that COMPUTER NETWORK is an indication of social civilazation and progress. internet is an information pool , people can search anything they want by TYPING THE KEY words. For example, someone wants to know the Great Wall of China, what he/she need to do is only TO OPEN AN INTERNET EXPORER and TYPE the words:”the Great Wall”and search it, then he/she can get so many relevantlinks. What’s more, people can purchase their favorite goods through the Internet instead of going shopping in CHAOTIC streets. LAST BUT NOT LEAST, people ALSO can MAKE FULL USE OF Internet to study ONLINE .From the ANALYSIS made above, we can come to (or REACH)a conclusion that we SHOULD make the BEST use of Internet, which CAN brings us a great deal of benefits. as a citizen of China we should study hard. Only in this way Can we have a brighter future and make our country flourishing(OR: PROSPEROUS).范文三（知识就是力量）Knowledge Is PowerRecently there has been a discussion regarding the issue of knowl-edge in the newspaper. As can be seen from the picture, knowledge issymbolized by a clenched fist as power. The fist sends out a messagefor "obedience", threatening to crack with power any hard nut. Themore demanding and challenging a task is, the morepowerful the fistseems to grow. Similarly, knowledge, the strongest power for humanbeings, feeds up the field of science and technology. The more ad-vanced and developed a field is, the more profound knowledge seems tobecome.A specific example is the dunaping of Mir, Russia's space station. As isthe case of the Russian space program, the country could no longer afford tokeep Mir aloft in orbit because of lack Of financial support. Therefore, Rus-sia decided to dump the space station. The effect is both immediate and far-reaching. As far as the present is concerned, the successful launching anddumping of IVrLr has proved to the world that mankind, armed with pro-fca. md knowledge, cannot just build things but can operate them welt. Forthe distant impact, the once- in- a- lifetime success of/VFtr provides manwith valuable and indispensable experience for manned space flight in theyears to crane. Then, someday in the furore, them might appear in spacemore Mirs, visiting Mars, spreading friendship, parading the perfect maste-ry of knowledge.As to the best way to master knowledge, I suggest that everyoneof us "ask not what others will learn from you, but what you can learnfrom the others." By so doing, I sincerely believe each person, pro-tected by' the "fist", will be learned and knowledgeable.范文五（保护环境）AFrom this cartoon, we can see that at the top end of the river,is a chemical factory and a paperrnaking factory which send outand poisonous wastes. And the river has been seriously polluted,n be seen from the color of it. Along this "black" river, there area few people selling fresh water which must have been taken fromfar away places.At the first glance, it is very strange to us how can people sell wa-ter along the river, but this is the case, because the water in this river isundrinkable. This presents a serious social problem--environmentalpollution. With the development of economy, our living standards havebeen greatly improved. But we can' t ignore the fact the air we take inand the water we drink today are not as fresh and clean as they used tobe. Some kinds of pollution can even be deadly to people. It is high timethat we took some measures to solve the problem.I think we can first call people's attention to this problem so thatthey will be aware of the serious consequences of it. Then,we can passcertain laws to restrain the factories from sending out wastes. Finally,we can do more resarch work to find out ways to deal with thewastes.范文五（保护环境）BKeep Square Clean, TidyOn Sunday, still on display on Tian' anmen Square were dozens offloats that were paraded along Chang' an Avenue during the NationalDay celebrations. Thousands of people strolled on the narrow lanes be-tween the floats that fragmented the square, busily taking photos. Notfar from the noisy crowds, yellow leaves fell nonchalantly from locusttrees along the driveway, sending out the first signals ofthe comingautumn. But even if all the leaves fall, they still cannot cover thebrown and black spots on the whitish stones in the huge square.Such stains of chewing gum, stale oil or some worse blemish haveremained a constant pain for city cleaners since the square 'was re-opened a few months ago after renovations to celebrate the 50th anni-versary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.Few renovation project planners likely foresee this discouragingoutcome. Originally, they merely intended to give the city a face-lift. The square was indeed impeccable when new: The-white terrazzosurface not only looks clean but it was made with materials that helpprevent it from becoming slippery.However, as time goes by, the virtue becomes the vice: thesur-face attracts and accentuates dirt. As a result, China' s most high -profile site has to suffer the indignity of being paraded daily before thepublic in a humiliation state.While the tourists who litter should bear the bulk of the blame,the renovation designers should also have learned something: includingthe square's sanitary maintenance issue into their consideration.范文六（求职信）August 7,2001Dear Sir or Madam:Do you have any work in your Accounting Department for a part-time employee? Miss Wang, of the University Placement Office,has suggested that I write to you, since I would like to work for yourcompany after I finish my courses at the University. I've heard somuch about your company, and I believe it offers a good chance to aman interested in construction work and trained in business.I'm enclosing a resume that gives details of my life so far. My fa-ther died when I was twelve years old, and I've been on my own sincefourteen. I'm finishing college plenty late but I've had some experi-ence along the way, with four years in the military.I could work every afternoon and all day Saturday. Professor Heat the university can tell you about my work in accounting. He isChairman of Accounting Department an my adviser.Please look over the attached resume. I can come for an inter-view, if you wish. My telephone number (home) is 5883 - 1552.EnclosureSincerely yours,(Signature)xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx范文七（奥运会）New Beijing, Great Olympics.The 2008 Olympic Game has been the most discussed and antici-pated event throughout Beijing ever since Beijing bid for it years ago,yet the focus has shifted from making.a promise to making good apromise after Beijing's successful bid. In my opinion, to bridge thegap between promise and reality, Beijing still has a long way to go.To begin with, infrastructure construction should be the primaryconcern. Such infrastructures as communications and. transportationsystem and facilities ought to require our constantattention. First,traffic jam has been an age- old headache in Beijing. The scene of longqueues of vehicles worming their way inch by inch while dischargingdark fumes into the air will surely cause great inconvience to athletesand journalists, and blemish the city' s image.Next, to add enchantment to convenience, and overall city - plan-ning is indispensable. If time permits, a redesign of city layout and ad-justment of architectual style would provide a better environment forfostering the characteristic, blending, oriental elegance with interna-tional grandear, will tower aloft among surrounding architectures. Toachieve such effect, Beijing shall solicit opinions from first- rate archi-tects and make an overall plan.However, Rome was not built in a day. To make good theise of "New Beijing, Great Olympics" ,deeds speak louder than words.范文十（增减比例、速度）AWorld Pupulation ControlWith its outstanding achievements in halting the population explo-sion, China won high praise from United Nations experts. China hashad the most successful family planning policy in the history of man-kind in terms of quantity, and with that China has done mankind a fa-vor. Having made such a great contribution to mankind, China de-serves the honor.In November 1999, our planet received its 6 billionth baby. Butthe day might have come at least three years ago if China had not im-plemented its family planning policy. Un figures indicateworld population has doubled in the past 40 years, and 1 billion wereadded in the past 12 years, the shortest amount of time ever to witnessa billion births.The expanding population is imposing heavy pressure on the en-vironment and resources. It has also caused continuing poverty in fastgrowing areas. Curbing the rapid population growth is a tough task thewhole world is facing, not just one or two countries.With a reslSonsible attitude towards its people and the world, Chi-na was among the earliest to input great manpower and money in car-rying out a family planning policy. A wordwide population stabiliztionscheme would cost some US $ 17 billion each year. The rich coun-tries, however, are falling short in meeting the financialmade at the Cairo Population Conference in 1994, leaving most of thepopulation stabilization cost with the poorer nations.范文十（增减比例、速度）BThe graph shows us the year-on-year growth rate of labour forceand the employed population of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1996.From the beginning to the third quarter of 1992, both the labourforce and the employed decrease on the whole. In the first two quartersof 1991, labour force increased by more than 1%, but employed popula-tion decreased by 10.4 % in the first quarter this year. And in the sec-ond quarter, it increased by 1%. Unfortunately, from the third quarterof 1991 on to the third quarter in 1992, both labour and the employeddecreased to their lowest point of the six years.From the third quarter of 1992 to the fourth quarter of 1993, thetwo items increased a lot. At the beginning of third quarter in 1992,however, both labour and the employed started to increase until thefourth quarter of 1993, with increasing amount of 4.5%. But, fromthen on to the end of 1994, the labour force and the number of the em-ployed, generally speaking, are falling.In 1995 ,on the whole, the two factors are increasing. In the lastquarter of the year, both the labour force and the employed have asharp increase to their peak.In 1996,however,the first two quarters in 1996 show us a sharpdecrease. Fortunately, at the third quarter, they begin to increase.I think there are several reasons for the rise and fall of both the la-bour force and the employed population. First, there is a political fac-tcr. Due to the assignment between British govenment and Chinesegovernment, people in Hong Kong had a fear of their future. There is afall in 1991 and 1992. From them on,whenever there was a good rela-tionship between the two governtheir, There was an increase of labourforce and the number of the employed, and vice versa. Second, the otherfactor is economy. Whenever the economic situation was good, therewas an increase of the labour force and the employed, and vice versa.Thus we get a conclusion that the two factors, both political andeconomic, decide the two items, both the labour force and the em-ployed. And from the graph we can see both the labour force and theemployed will increase in the future.范文十（增减比例、速度）CThe Sales of Three Famous Air-Conditioner Makes This graph shows the sales of three, famous air - conditioner makes in a Chinese city last year. Haier, Chun - lan, and Hisense are three popular air- conditioner makes. From the chart we'can see that both Chun - lan and Hisense had steady sales although the latter did a little better than the former. Haier, However, has a different story. Itssales started low during the first season, but they shot up in the third season and reached 70 sets, a remarkable success as a result of the sales promotion activities. Unfortunately, the sales dropped drastically in the last quarter of the year, and went below those of either Chun- lan or Hisense. We have not got the analysis report as to the cause of the drastic fall, but the relatively lower prices and equally good quality of Hisense and Chun - lan attracted a steady body of purchasers in this city. It seems, therefore, that apart from quality, the consumers of this city still took the price as an important consideration. The lesson to be drawn here for the manufacturers is that while keeping' the quali- ty Of the goods you produce you have to offer areasonable price for \ them, a price that the average consumer of the city can accept. We might conclude that because Hisense is the least expensive make while its quality is just as good it has sold best.考研英语作文押题10篇相关内容:。

考研英语真题《冲刺篇》演练人生舞台的大幕随时都可能拉开，关键是你愿意表演，还是选择躲避。

离2013考研只有半个月的时间了，考生们是否都已作好应战的充分准备了呢？对于历年考研英语考试真题复习的怎么样了呢？是否都已掌握透彻了呢？针对此问题，由我们头狼考研辅导班的权威专家为广大考生们进行一下详细的讲述。

希望对大家在备考的征程当中有所帮助。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.综上对考研英语真题的讲述。

2013年考研英语模拟试题及答案2013年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语 答题注意事项 1.本试卷考试时间150分钟，满分100分。

2.试卷后⾯附有参考答案，供学员测试后核对。

Section I Structure and Vocabulary In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points) 1. A variety of small clubs can provide _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple 2. By turning this knob to the right you can _____ the sound from this radio. [A] amplify [B] enlarge [C] magnify [D] reinforce 3. Under the _____ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer. [A] surroundings [B] settings [C] circumstances [D] environments 4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man. [A] cancelled [B] abolished [C] refused [D] rejected 5. We shall probably never be able to _____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles. [A] assert [B] impart [C] ascertain [D] notify 6. This diploma _____ that you have completed high school. [A] proves [B] certifies [C] secures [D] approves 7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft. [A] restrictively [B] radically [C] inclusively [D] exclusively 8. That sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce. [A] happen [B] take place [C] occur [D] run 9. The security guard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom. [A] expelled [B] propelled [C] repelled [D] dispelled 10. In most cases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth. [A] credible [B] credulous [C] incredulous [D] incredible 11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _____. [A] future [B] possibility [C] ability [D] opportunity 12. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road. [A] density [B] intensity [C] popularity [D] prosperity 13. CCTV programs are _____ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country. [A] transferred [C] transformed [D] transmitted 14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _____. [A] disposition [B] deficit [C] defect [D] discrepancy 15. The government will _____ a reform in the educational system. [A] initiate [B] initial [C] initiative [D] intimate 16. Estimates _____ anywhere from 600 000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another mater: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. [A] cover [B] change [C] differ [D] range 17. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _____ increasing. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty 18. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic _____ is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be decorated. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention 19. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those _____ for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled 20. Changes in the social structure may indirectly _____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect Section II Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities. Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected. Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way. 21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical 22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily 23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with 24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark 25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental 26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing 27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to 28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about 29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance 30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] realityd s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 3 1 . [ A ] o c c u r [ B ]e n g a g e [ C ] c o nf r o n t [ D ] e n c o u n t e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > 0 03 2 . [ A ] t o l e r a t e [ B ] s u s t a i n [ C ] e x p e r i e n c e [ D ] u n d e r t a k e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > 0 0 3 3 . [ A ] e v id e n c e [ B ] a c c i d e n t s [ C ] a d v e n t u r e s [ D ] e v e n t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > 0 0 3 4 . [ A ] a c q u i r e [ B ] a c h i e v e [ C ] o b t a i n [ D ] f u l f i l l / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 0 0 3 5 . [ A ] r e s p o n d [ B ] r e t u r n [ C ] r e t o r t [ D ] r e p l y / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > 0 0 3 6 . [ A ] w h y [ B ] w h e n [ C ] w h i l e [ D ] w h e r e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > 0 0 3 7 . [ A ] s o u n d [ B ] a l l - r o u n d [ C ] e n t i r e [ D ] w h o l e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 0 0 3 8 . [ A ] i l l u m i n a t e [ B ] e n u n c i a t e [ C ] e n u m e r a t e [ D ] i n i t i a t e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > 0 0 3 9 . [ A ] a c c e s s [ B ] a s s e s s [ C ] p r o c e s s [ D ] p o s s e s s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > 0 0 4 0 . [ A ] r e s o l v i n g [ B ] s a l u t i n g [ C ] d i s s o l v i n g [ D ] s o lv i n g S e c t i o n I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r t e x t s . A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b e l o w e a c h t e x t b y c h o o s i n g [ A ] , [ B ] , [ C ] o r [ D ] M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n A N S W E R S H E E T ( 4 0 p o i n t s ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 T e x t 1 / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 T h e p e r i o d o f a d o l e s c e n c e , i . e . , t h e p e r i o d b e t w e e n c h i l d h o o d a n d a d u l t h o o d , m a y b e l o n g o r s h o r t , d e p e n d i n g o n s o c i a l e x p e c t a t i o n s a n d o n s o c i e t y s d e f i n i t i o n a s t o w h a t c o n s t i t u t e s m a t u r i t y a n d a d u l t h o o d . I n p r i m i t i v e s o c i e t i e s a d o l e s c e n c e i s f r e q u e n t l y a r e l a t i v e l y s h o r t p e r i o d o f t i m e , w h i l e i n i n d u s t r i a l s o c i e t i e s w i t h p a t t e r n s o f p r o l o n g e d e d u c a t i o n c o u p l e d w i t h l a w s a g a i n s t c h i l d l a b o r , t h e p e r i o d o f a d o l e s c e n c e i s m u c h l o n g e r a n d m a y i n c l u d e m o s t o f t h e s e c o n d d e c a d e o f o n e s l i f e . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e l e n g t h o f t h e a d o l e s c e n t p e r i o d a n d t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f a d u l t h o o d s t a t u s m a y c h a n g e i n a g i v e n s o c i e t y a s s o c i a l a n d e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s c h a n g e . E x a m p l e s o f t h i s t y p e o f c h a n g e a r e t h e d i s a p p e a r a n c e o f t h e f r o n t i e r i n t h e l a t t e r p a r t o f t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , a n d m o r e u n i v e r s a l l y , t h e i n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n o f a n a g r i c u l t u r a l s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 0 0 I n m o d e r n s o c i e t y , c e r e m o n i e s f o r a d o l e s c e n c e h a v e l o s t t h e i r f o r m a l r e c o g n i t i o n a n d s y m b o l i c s i g n i f i c a n c e a n d t h e r e n o l o n g e r i s a g r e e m e n t a s t o w h a t c o n s t i t u t e s i n i t i a t i o n c e r e m o n i e s . S o c i a l o n e s h a v e b e e n r e p l a c e d b y a s e q u e n c e o f s t e p s t h a t l e a d t o i n c r e a s e d r e c o g n i t i o n a n d s o c i a l s t a t u s . F o r e x a m p l e , g r a d e s c h o o l g r a d u a t i o n , h i g h s c h o o l g r a d u a t i o n a n d c o l l e g e g r a d u a t i o n c o n s t i t u t e s u c h a s e q u e n c e , a n d w h i l e e a c h s t e p i m p l i e s c e r t a i n b e h a v i o r a l c h a n g e s a n d s o c i a l r e c o g n i t i o n , t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f e a c h d e p e n d s o n t h e s o c i o - e c o n o m i c s t a t u s a n d t h e e d u c a t i o n a l a m b i t i o n o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l . C e r e m o n i e s f o r a d o l e s c e n c e h a v e a l s o b e e n r e p l a c e d b y l e g a l d e f i n i t i o n s o f s t a t u s r o l e s , r i g h t , p r i v i l e g e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . I t i s d u r i n g t h e n i n e y e a r s f r o m t h e t w e l f t h b i r t h d a y t o t h e t w e n t y - f i r s t t h a t t h e p r o t e c t i v e a n d r e s t r i c t i v e a s p e c t s o f c h i l d h o o d a n d m i n o r s t a t u s a r e r e m o v e d a n d a d u l t p r i v i l e g e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a r e g r a n t e d . T h e t w e l v e - y e a r - o l d i s n o l o n g e r c o n s i d e r e d a c h i l d a n d h a s t o p a y f u l l f a r e f o r t r a i n , a i r p l a n e , t h e a t e r a n d m o v i e t i c k e t s . B a s i c a l l y , t h e i n d i v i d u a l a t t h i s a g e l o s e s c h i l d h o o d p r i v i l e g e s w i t h o u t g a i n i n g s i g n i f i c a n t a d u l t r i g h t s . A t t h e a g e o f s i x t e e n t h e a d o l e s c e n t i s g r a n t e d c e r t a i n a d u l t r i g h t s w h i c h i n c r e a s e s h i s s o c i a l s t a t u s b y p r o v i d i n g h i m w i t h m o r e f r e e d o m a n d c h o i c e s . H e n o w c a n o b t a i n a d r i v e r s l i c e n s e ; h e c a n l e a v e p u b l i c s c h o o l s ; a n d h e c a n w o r k w i t h o u t t h e r e s t r i c t i o n s o f c h i l d l a b o r l a w s . A t t h e a g e o f e i g h t e e n t h e l a w p r o v i d e s a d u l t r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a s w e l l a s r i g h t s ; t h e y o u n g m a n c a n n o w b e a s o l d i e r , b u t h e a l s o c a n m a r r y w i t h o u t p a r e n t a l p e r m i s s i o n . A t t h e a g e o f t w e n t y - o n e t h e i n d i v i d u a l o b t a i n s h i s f u l l l e g a l r i g h t s a s a n a d u l t . H e n o w c a n v o t e , h e c a n b u y l i q u o r , h e c a n e n t e r i n t o f i n a n c i a l c o n t r a c t s , a n d h e i s e n t i t l e d t o r u n f o r p u b l i c o f f i c e . N o a d d i t i o n a l b a s i c r i g h t s a r e a c q u i r e d a s a f u n c t i o n o f a g e a f t e r m a j o r i t y s t a t u s h a s b e e n a t t a i n e d . N o n e o f t h e s e l e g a l p r o v i s i o n s d e t e r m i n e a t w h a t p o i n t a d u l t h o o d h a s b e e n r e a c h e d b u t t h e y d o p o i n t t o t h e p r o l o n g e d p e r i o d o f a d o l e s c e n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > 0 0 4 1 . T h e p e r i o d o f a d o l e s c e n c e i s m u c h l o n g e r i n i n d u s t r i a l s o c i e t i e s b e c a u s e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f m a t u r i t y h a s c h a n g e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] t h e i n d u s t r i a l i z e d s o c i e t y i s m o r e d e v e l o p e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] m o r e e d u c a t i o n i s p r o v i d e d a n d l a w s a g a i n s t c h i l d l a b o r a r e m a d e ( C ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] c e r e m o n i e s f o r a d o l e s c e n c e h a v e l o s t t h e i r f o r m a l r e c o g n i t i o n a n d s y m b o l i c s i g n i f i c a n c e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > 0 0 4 2 . F o r m e r s o c i a l c e r e m o n i e s t h a t u s e d t o m a r k a d o l e s c e n c e h a v e g i v e n p l a c e t o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] g r a d u a t i o n s f r o m s c h o o l s a n d c o l l e g e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] s o c i a l r e c o g n i t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] s o c i o - e c o n o m i c s t a t u s ( A ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] c e r t a i n b e h a v i o r a l c h a n g e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > 0 0 4 3 . N o o n e c a n e x p e c t t o f u l l y e n j o y t h e a d u l t h o o d p r i v i l e g e s u n t i l h e i s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] e l e v e n y e a r s o l d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] s i x t e e n y e a r s o l d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] t w e n t y - o n e y e a r s o l d ( C ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] b e t w e e n t w e l v e a n d t w e n t y - o n e y e a r s o l d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 0 0 4 4 . S ta r t i n g f r o m 2 2 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] o n e w i l l o b t a i n m o r e b a s ic r i g h t s / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] t h e o l d e r o n e b ec o m e s , t h e m o r e b a s i c r i g h t s h e w i l l h a v e / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 3 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] o ne w o n t g e t m o r e b a s i c r i g h t s t h a n w h e n h e i s 2 1 ( C ) / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 3 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] o n e w i l l e n j o y m o r e r igh t s g r a n t e d b y s o ci e t y / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 2 " > 0 0 4 5 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e p a s s a g e , i t i s t r u e t h a t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] i n t h e l a t e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s t h e d i v i d i n g l i n e b e t w e e n a d o l e s c e n c e a n d a d u l t h o o d n o l o n g e r e x i s t e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] n o o n e c a n m a r r y w i t h o u t t h e p e r m i s s i o n o f h i s p a r e n t s u n t i l t h e a g e o f t w e n t y - o n e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] o n e i s c o n s i d e r e d t o h a v e r e a c h e d a d u l t h o o d w h e n h e h a s a d r i v e r s l i c e n s e ( A ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] o n e i s n o t f r e e f r o m t h e r e s t r i c t i o n s o f c h i l d l a b o r l a w s u n t i l h e c a nj o i n t h e a r m 0 T e x t 2 / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 7 " > 0 0 W e l l , n o g a i n w i t h o u t p a i n , t h e y s a y . B u t w h a t a b o u t p a i n w i t h o u t g a i n ? E v e r y w h e r e y o u g o i n A m e r i c a , y o u h e a r t a l e s o f c o r p o r a t e r e v i v a l . W h a t i s h a r d e r t o e s t a b l i s h i s w h e t h e r t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y r e v o l u t i o n t h a t b u s i n e s s m e n a s s u m e t h e y a r e p r e s i d i n g o v e r i s f o r r e a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 8 " > 0 0 T h e o f f i c i a l s t a t i s t i c s a r e m i l d l y d i s c o u r a g i n g . T h e y s h o w t h a t , i f y o u l u m p m a n u f a c t u r i n g a nd se r v i c e s t o g e t h e r , p r o d u c t i v i t y h a s g r o w n o n a v e r a g e b y 1 . 2 % s i n c e 1 9 8 7 . T h a t i s s o m e w h a tf a s t e r t h a n t h e a v e r ag e d u r i n g th e p r e vi o u s d e c a d e . A n d s i n c e 1 9 9 1 , p r o d u c t i v i t y h a s i n c r e a s e d b y a b o u t 2 % a y e a r , w h i c h i s m o r e t h a n t w i c e t h e 1 9 7 8 - 1 9 8 7 a v e r a g e . T h e t r o u b l e i s t h a t p a r t o f t h e r e c e n t a c c e l e r a t i o n i s d u e t o t h e u s u a l r e b o u n d t h a t o c c u r s a t t h i s p o i n t i n a b u s i n e s s c y c l e , a n d s o i s n o t c o n c l u s i v e e v i d e n c e o f a r e v i v a l i n t h e u n d e r l y i n g t r e n d . T h e r e i s , a s R o b e r t R u b i n , t h e t r e a s u r y s e c r e t a r y , s a y s , a d i sj u n c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e m a s s o f b u s i n e s s a n e c d o t e t h a t p o i n t s t o a l e a p i n p r o d u c t i v i t y a n d t h e p i c t u r e r e f l e c t e d b y t h e s t a t i s t i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 9 " > 0 0 S o m e o f t h i s c a n b e e a s i l y e x p l a i n e d . N e w w a y s o f o r g a n i z i n g t h e w o rk pl a c e a l l t h a t r e - e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d o w n s i z i n g a r e o n l y o n e c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e o v e r a l l p r o d u c t i v i t y o f a n e c o n om y , w h i c h i s d r i v en b y m a n yo t h e r f a c t o r s s u c h a s j o i n t i n v e s t m e n t i n e q u ip m e n t a n d m a c h i n e r y , n e w t e c h n o l o g y , a n d i n v e s t m e n t i n e d u c a t i o n a n d t r a i n i n g . M o r e o v e r , m o s t o f t h e c h a n g e s t h a t c o m p a n i e s m a k e a r e i n t e n d e d t o k e e p t h e m p r o f i t a b l e , a n d t h i s n e e d n o t a l w a y s m e a n i n c r e a s i n g p r o d u c t i v i t y : s w i t c h i n g t o n e w m a r k e t s o r i m p r o v i n gq u a l i t y c a n m a t t er j ust a s mu c h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 0 " > 0 0 T w o o t h e r e x p l a n a t i o n s a r e m o r e s p e c u l a t iv e . F i r s t , s o m e o f t h e b u s i n e s s r e s t r u c t u r i n g o f r e c e n t y e a r s m a y h a v e b e e n i n e p t l y d o n e . S e c o n d , e v e n i f i tw a s w e l l d o n e , i t m a y h a v e s p r e a d m u c h l e s s w i d e l y t h a n p e o p l e s u p p o s e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 1 " > 0 0 L e o n a r d S c h l e s i n g e r , a H a r v a r d a c a d e m i c a n d f o r m e r c h i e f ex e c u t i v e o f A u B o n g P a i n , a r a p i d ly g r o w i n g c h a i n o f b a k e r y c a f e s , s a y s t h a t m u c h r e - e n g i n e e r i n g h a s b e e n c r u d e . I n m a n y c a s e s , h e b e l i e v e s , t h e l o s s o f r e v e n u e h a s b e e n g r e a t e r t h a n t h e r e d u c t i o n s i n c o s t . H i s c o l l e a g u e , M i c h a e l B e e r , s a y s t h a t f a r t o o m a n y c o m p a n i e s h a v e a p p l i e d r e - e n g i n e e r i n g i n a m e c h a n i s t i c f a s h i o n , c h o p p i n g o u t c o s t s w i t h o u t g i v i n g s u f f i c i e n t t h o u g h t t o l o n g t e r m p r o f i t a b i l i t y . B B D O s A l R o s e n s h i n e i s b l u n t e r . H e d i s m i s s e s a l o t o f t h e w o r k o f r e - e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s u l t a n t s a s m e r e r u b b i s h t h e w o r s t s o r t o f a m b u l a n c e c a s h i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 2 " > 0 0 4 6 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e a u t h o r , t h e A m e r i c a n e c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n i s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] n o t a s g o o d a s i t s e e m s / p > p b d s f i d = "2 4 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] a t i t s t u r n i n g p o i n t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] m u c h b e t t e r t h a n i t s e e m s ( A ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] n e a r t o c o m p l e t e r e c o v e r y / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 7 " > 0 0 4 7 . T h e o f f i c i a l s ta t i s t i c s o n p r o d u c t i v i t y g r o w t h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 4 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] e xc l ude t h e u s u a l r eb o u n d i n a b u s i n e s sc y c l e / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 4 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] f a l l s h o r t o f b u s i ne s s m e n s a n t i c i p a t i o n / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 5 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] m e e t t h e e x p e c t a t i o n o f b u s i n e s s p e o p l e ( B ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 51 " > 0 0 [ D ] f a i l t o r e f l e c t t h e t r u e s t a t e o f e c o n o m y / p > p b d s f i d = "2 5 2 " > 0 0 4 8 . T h e a u t h o r r a i se s t h e q u e s t i o n w h a t a b o u t p a i n w i t h o u t g a i n ? b e c a u s e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 5 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] h e q u e s t i o n s t h e t r u t h o f n og a i n w i th o u t p ai n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] h e d o e s n o t t h i n k t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y r e v o l u t i o n w o r k s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] h e w o n d e r s i f t h e o f f i c i a l s t a t i s t i c s a r e m i s l e a d i n g ( B ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] h e h a s c o n c l u s i v e e v i d e n c e f o r t h e r e v i v a l o f b u s i n e s s e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 7 " > 0 0 4 9 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s N O T m e n t i o n e d i n t h e p a s s a g e ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] R a d i c a l r e f o r m s a r e e s s e n t i a l f o r t h e i n c r e a s e o f p r o d u c t i v i t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] N e w w a y s o f o r g a n i z i n g w o r k p l a c e s m a y h e l p t o i n c r e a s e p r o d u c t i v i t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] T h e r e d u c t i o n o f c o s t s i s n o t a s u r e w a y t o g a i n l o n g t e r m p r o f i t a b i l i t y . ( A ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] T h e c o n s u l t a n t s a r e a b u n c h o f g o o d - f o r - n o t h i n g s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 2 " > 0 0 5 0 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e p a s s a g e , t h e a u t h o r s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y r e v o l u t i o n i n t h e U . S . A i s _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] b i a s e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] o p t i m i s t i c / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] a m b i g u o u s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] n e g a t i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 7 " > 0 0 T e x t 3 / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 8 " > 0 0 M o n e y s p e n t o n a d v e r t i s i n g i s m o n e y s p e n t a s w e l l a s a n y I k n o w o f . I t s e r v e s d i r e c t l y t o a s s i s t a r a p i d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f g o o d s a t r e a s o n a b l e p r i c e , t h e r e b y e s t a b l i s h i n g a f i r m h o m e m a r k e t a n d s o m a k i n g i t p o s s i b l e t o p r o v i d e f o r e x p o r t a t c o m p e t i t i v e p r i c e s . B y d r a w i n g a t t e n t i o n t o n e w i d e a s i t h e l p s e n o r m o u s l y t o r a i s e s t a n d a r d s o f l i v i n g . B y h e l p i n g t o i n c r e a s e d e m a n d i t e n s u r e s a n i n c r e a s e d n e e d f o r l a b o u r , a n d i s t h e r e f o r e a n e f f e c t i v e w a y t o f i g h t u n e m p l o y m e n t . I t l o w e r s t h e c o s t s o f m a n y s e r v i c e s : w i t h o u t a d v e r t i s e m e n t s y o u r d a i l y n e w s p a p e r w o u l d c o s t f o u r t i m e s a s m u c h , t h e p r i c e o f y o u r t e l e v i s i o n l i c e n s e w o u l d n e e d t o b e d o u b l e d , a n d t r a v e l b y b u s o r t u b e w o u l d c o s t 2 0 p e r c e n t m o r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 9 " > 0 0 A n d p e r h a p s m o s t i m p o r t a n t o f a l l , a d v e r t i s i n g p r o v i d e s a g u a r a n t e e o f r e a s o n a b l e v a l u e i n t h e p r o d u c t s a n d s e r v i c e s y o u b u y . A p a r t f r o m t h e f a c t t h a t t w e n t y - s e v e n a c t s o f P a r l i a m e n t g o v e r n t h e t e r m s o f a d v e r t i s i n g , n o r e g u l a r a d v e r t i s e r d a r e p r o m o t e a p r o d u c t t h a t f a i l s t o l i v e u p t o t h e p r o m i s e o f h i s a d v e r t i s e m e n t s . H e m i g h t f o o l s o m e p e o p l e f o r a l i t t l e w h i l e t h r o u g h m i s l e a d i n g a d v e r t i s i n g . H e w i l l n o t d o s o f o r l o n g , f o r m e r c i f u l l y t h e p u b l i c h a s t h e g o o d s e n s e n o t t o b u y t h e i n f e r i o r a r t i c l e m o r e t h a n o n c e . I f y o u s e e a n a r t i c l e c o n s i s t e n t l y a d v e r t i s e d , i t i s t h e s u r e s t p r o o f I k n o w t h a t t h e a r t i c l e d o e s w h a t i s c l a i m e d f o r i t , a n d t h a t i t r e p r e s e n t s g o o d v a l u e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 0 " > 0 0 A d v e r t i s i n g d o e s m o r e f o r t h e m a t e r i a l b e n e f i t o f t h e c o m m u n i t y t h a n a n y o t h e r f o r c e I c a n t h i n k o f . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 1 " > 0 0 T h e r e i s o n e m o r e p o i n t I f e e l I o u g h t t o t o u c h o n . R e c e n t l y I h e a r d a w e l l - k n o w n t e l e v i s i o n p e r s o n a l i t y d e c l a r e t h a t h e。

第一部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.A. declaresB. assertsC. announcesD. describes2. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.A. ableB. fortunateC. competentD. qualified3. Mary said mildly, that she was just curious.A. gentlyB. shylyC. weaklyD. wildly4. You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.A. spreadB. mixedC. beatenD. covered5. What is your goal life?A. planB. aimC. arrangementD. idea6. Jack was dismissed.A. firedB. finedC. exhaustedD. criticized7. John is crazy about pop music.A. sorryB. madC. concernedD. worried8. This sort of thing is bound to happen.A. sureB. quickC. fastD. swift9. At the age of 30.Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.A. bossB. managerC. starD. dictator10. He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one.A. judgeB. assessC. distinguishD. recognize11. This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.A. particularB. characteristicC. remarkableD. idiomatic12. It is virtually impossible to persuade him to-apply for the job.A. simplyB. almostC. totallyD. completely13. These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A. stemB. relyC. developD. grow14. Smoking will be banned in all public places here.A. forbiddenB. allowedC. permittedD. promoted15. I have been trying to quit smoking.A. give upB. pick upC. build upD. take up第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2013届公共课重难点专项高分突破课程考研英语最后成功三套卷及考点密训万学教育•公共课教学与研究中心2针对性教学，一切以提高学生学习成绩为宗旨目 录第一部分 考研英语成功模拟卷.......................................................................................1 2013全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题（一）..............................................1 2013全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题（二）............................................10 2013全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题（三）............................................21 第二部分 写作点睛素材背诵 (31)4针对性教学，一切以提高学生学习成绩为宗旨 1第一部分 考研英语成功模拟卷2013全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题（一）Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s ）for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D ] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points ）MySpace and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace, 1 at the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social 2 play a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave.The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California at San Diego. The 3 reported last summer that obesity appeared to 4 from one person to another 5 social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced 6 findings about another major health 7 : smoking. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a person's decision to 8 the habit is strongly affected by 9 other people in their social network quit — even people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually 10 . For 11 of their studies, they 12 of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass., many of the participants were 13 somehow —through spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workers —enabling the researchers to study a network that 14 12,067 people. Taken together, these studies are 15 a growing recognition that many behaviors are 16 by social networks in 17 that have not been fully understood. And 18 may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many 19 , such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even 20 crime.1. [A] so [B] but [C] as [D] although2. [A] resource [B] database [C] communication [D] intranet3. [A] pair [B] sociologist s [C] spouse [D] universities4. [A] range [B] differ [C] vary [D] spread5. [A] between [B] among [C] in [D] through6. [A] consequent [B] controversial [C] similar [D] diffident7. [A] issue [B] dispute [C] problem [D] question8. [A] cultivate [B] kick [C] leave [D] tick9. [A] how [B] that [C] what [D] whether10. [A] surprisingly [B] simultaneously [C] spontaneously [D] strongly11. [A] neither [B] none [C] both [D] which针对性教学，一切以提高学生学习成绩为宗旨2 12. [A] made a companion [B] took advantage [C] took an attitude [D] had the best13. [A] concerned [B] excluded [C] encouraged [D] connected14. [A] totaled [B] increased [C] summed [D] added15. [A] filling [B] blocking [C] fueling [D] contributing16. [A] swayed [B] deviated [C] bettered [D] deteriorated17. [A] order [B] ways [C] fear [D] case18. [A] it [B] there [C] they [D] if19. [A] reasons [B] keeps [C] good [D] purposes20. [A] banning [B] promoting [C] fighting [D] committingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The willingness of doctors at several major medical centers to apologize to patients for harmful errors is a promising step toward improving the rather disappointing quality of a medical system that kills tens of thousands of innocent patients a year inadvertently.For years, experts have lamented that medical malpractice litigation is an inefficient way to deter lethal or damaging medical errors. What they noticed, simply put it, is that most victims of malpractice never sue, and there is some evidence that many patients who do sue were not harmed by a physician’s error but instead suffered an adverse medical outcome that could not have been prevented. The details of what went wrong are often kept secret as part of a settlement agreement.What is needed, many specialists agree, is a system that quickly brings an error to light so that further errors can be headed off and that compensates victims promptly and fairly. Many doctors, unfortunately, have been afraid that admitting and describing their errors would only invite a costly lawsuit.Now, as described by Kevin Sack in The Times, a handful of prominent academic medical centers have adopted a new policy of promptly disclosing errors, offering earnest apologies and providing fair compensation. It appears to satisfy many patients, reduce legal costs and the litigation burden and, in some instances, helps reduce malpractice premiums. Here are some examples from colleges of the United States: at the University of Illinois, of 37 cases where the hospital acknowledged a preventable error and apologized, only one patient filed suit; at the University of Michigan Health System, existing claims and lawsuits dropped from 262 in August 2001 to 83 in August 2007, and legal costs fell by two-thirds.To encourage greater candor, more than 30 states have enacted laws making apologies for medical errors inadmissible in court. That sounds like a sensible step that should be adopted by other states or become federal law. Such laws could help bring more errors to light. Patients who have been harmed by negligent doctors can still sue for malpractice, using other evidence to make their case.Admitting errors is only the first step toward reforming the health care system so that far fewer mistakes are made. But reforms can be more effective if doctors are candid about how they went astray. Patients seem far less angry when they receive an honest explanation, an apology and针对性教学，一切以提高学生学习成绩为宗旨 3prompt, fair compensation for the harm they have suffered.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Doctors’ confession of mistakes and apologies help to better medical care.[B] Experts believe it an inefficient way for patients to sue for their livery.[C] Mistreated patients never sue once suffer an unpreventable adverse medical outcome.[D] The details of patients’ conditions are often kept secret.22. While many specialties call for a disclosure mechanism, some physicians are worrying about____.[A] exposure to the media[B] describing their mistakes in details[C] compensating victims promptly and fairly[D] involvement in an expensive civil case23. According to Paragraph 5, laws are enacted in more than 30 states ____.[A] to be adopted by other states[B] to become federal law[C] to make apologies for medical misconducts[D] to spark medical practitioners to confess more24. From the last paragraph, we can infer that Doctors should describe the way they mademistakes in order to ____.[A] admit malpractices first[B] make less medical mistakes[C] avoid lawsuits[D] be forgiven25. The author’s attitude towards doctors’ hearty apologies may be summarized as ____.[A] skeptical[B] indifferent[C] supportive[D] intolerableText 2Senator Barack Obama likes to joke that the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination has been going on so long, babies have been born, and they’re already walking and talking. That’s nothing. The battle between the sciences and the humanities has been going on for so long, its early participants have stopped walking and talking, because they’re already dead.It’s been some 50 years since the physicist-turned-novelist C.P. Snow delivered his famous “Two Cultures” lecture at the University of Cambridge, in which he decried the “gulf of mutual incomprehension,” the “hostility and dislike” that divided the world’s “natural scientists,” its chemists, engineers, physicists and biologists, from its “literary intellectuals,” a group that, by Snow’s reckoning, included pretty much everyone who wasn’t a scientist. His critique set off a frenzy of desperation that continues to this day, particularly in the United States, as educators, policymakers and other observers lament the Balkanization of knowledge, the scientific illiteracy of the general public and the chronic academic turf wars that are all too easily lampooned.Yet a few scholars believe that the cultural chasm can be bridged and the sciences and the humanities united into a powerful new discipline that would apply the strengths of both mindsets, the quantitative and qualitative, to a wide array of problems. Among the most ambitious of these针对性教学，一切以提高学生学习成绩为宗旨4 exercises in fusion thinking is a program under development at Binghamton University in New York called the New Humanities Initiative.Jointly conceived by David Sloan Wilson, a professor of biology, and Leslie Heywood, a professor of English, the program is intended to build on some of the themes explored in Dr. Wilson’s evolutionary studies program, which has proved enormously popular with science and nonscience majors alike, and which he describes in the recently published “Evolution for Everyone.” In Dr. Wilson’s view, evolutionary biology is a discipline that, to be done right, demands a crossover approach, the capacity to think in narrative and abstract terms simultaneously, so why not use it as a template for emulsifying the two cultures generally? “There are more similarities than differences between the humanities and the sciences, and some of the stereotypes have to be altered,” Dr. Wilson said. “Darwin, for example, established his entire evolutionary theory on the basis of his observations of natural history, and most of that information was qualitative, not quantitative.”As he and Dr. Heywood envision the program, courses under the New Humanities rubric would be offered campus-wide, in any number of departments, including history, literature, philosophy, sociology, law and business. The students would be introduced to basic scientific tools like statistics and experimental design and to liberal arts staples like the importance of analyzing specific texts or documents closely, identifying their animating ideas and comparing them with the texts of other immortal minds.26. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ____.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon27. The word “balkanization” (line 7, paragraph 2) most probably means____.[A] ignorance[B] split[C] mistake[D] declination28. According to paragraph 3, New Humanities Initiative is a program that ____.[A] is ambitious enough to create new discipline[B] will gain popularity for Binghamton University[C] can bridge the gap between sciences and human[D] is a combination of sciences and arts29. By citing the example of Darwin, Dr. Wilson intends to show that ____.[A] qualitative information is more valuable than quantitative observations[B] it is preferable to take the mutual advantage of science and humanities[C] science has more similarities rather than differences than humanities[D] scientists should base their theory on qualitative information30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Curriculum Designed to Unite Art and Science[B] A Better Scholar who Abandoned Physics for Novel[C] A Disastrous War between Science and Humanities[D] Dr. Wilson’s Contribution to the American Education针对性教学，一切以提高学生学习成绩为宗旨 5Text 3Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee vented their fury over high gasoline prices at executives of the nation’s five largest oil companies on Wednesday, grilling the oilmen over their multimillion-dollar pay packages and warning them that Congress was intent on taking action that could include a new tax on so-called windfall profits. Such showdowns between lawmakers and oil titans have become a familiar routine on Capitol Hill. But with gas prices nearing $4 a gallon, and lawmakers headed home for a weeklong Memorial Day recess where they expect to get an earful from angry constituents, there is added urgency for Congress to appear active.But while momentum is building for several measures, including a bill that would allow the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to be sued in American courts under antitrust laws, there is little sign that any of the proposals would do much, if anything, to lower prices quickly. And the oil executives warned that government intervention might only make things worse. Instead, they called on Congress to allow more drilling and exploration for domestic oil.The increasing urgency to seem aggressive about gasoline prices was apparent on Tuesday when the House voted by an overwhelming 324 to 84 to approve the bill, commonly referred to as NOPEC, which classifies OPEC as a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Senate Democrats have included that measure as part of a package of legislation intended to address the high price of gasoline, along with the tax on windfall profits and a measure to tamp down speculation in the oil futures market that many lawmakers think is contributing to the run-up in prices.At the Judiciary Committee hearing, Democratic senators struggled to have the executives explain how oil prices had risen so high. The senators expressed doubt that basic laws of supply and demand were at work and suggested instead a more sinister combination of monopolistic behavior by oil-producing countries, speculation in the futures markets and sheer corporate greed.On Monday, President Bush signed a bill temporarily suspending the purchase of crude oil for the nation’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Mr. Bush had initially opposed such action but relented after the House and Senate approved the bill by wide margins. Senator Richard J. Durbin, Democrat of Illinois and a strong supporter of Senator Barack Obama’s presidential bid, made a particularly pointed attack, in which he seemed to warn the oil executives that they would soon no longer have such a good friend in the White House. He also suggested that Mr. Bush should be doing more to press the oil companies to help lower prices at the pump, while acknowledging that it would be difficult to pass a windfall profits tax while Mr. Bush was still in office.31. Senate Democrats were angry with the oilmen because ____.[A] they get tax-free pay packages[B] Congress took on actions but in vain[C] the showdowns were merely a routine[D] oil prices had risen so high32. From the text we can learn that the bill allowing OPEC to be sued under antitrust laws ____.[A] handicaps more drilling and exploration for domestic oil[B] is a kind of government intervention that only makes things worse[C] turns out to be less influential to decrease oil price rapidly[D] is in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act33. The approval of the bill, NOPEC, on Tuesday implies that ____.针对性教学，一切以提高学生学习成绩为宗旨 6 [A] it is necessary to impose tax on windfall profits[B] it is urgent to fight against monopoly[C] it is pressing to think much of the ever-increasing oil prices[D] it is important to resort to NOPEC34. According to Democratic senators, which of the following is NOT a factor contributing tosoaring oil prices?[A] the basic laws of supply and demand.[B] the monopoly of oil-producing countries.[C] speculation in the oil futures markets.[D] oil companies salivating over profits.35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] The nation’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve is more than adequate.[B] Democrats argue that greedy oil companies are the key factor of jumping oil price.[C] President Bush used to be reluctant to drag down the oil price.[D] The federal law bans the windfall profits tax in Bush Government.Text 4When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But a growing number of studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong. Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its long-term benefit. The studies are analyzed in a new edition of a neurology book, “Progress in Brain Research.”Some brains do deteriorate with age. Alzheimer’s disease, for example, strikes 13 percent of Americans 65 and older. But for most aging adults, the authors say, much of what occurs is a gradually widening focus of attention that makes it more difficult to latch onto just one fact, like a name or a telephone number. Although that can be frustrating, it is often useful. “It may be that distractibility is not, in fact, a bad thing,” said Shelley H. Carson, a psychology researcher at Harvard whose work was cited in the book. “It may increase the amount of information available to the conscious mind.”For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it. When both groups were later asked questions for which the out-of-place words might be answers, the older adults responded much better than the students.“For the young people, it’s as if the distraction never happened,” said an author of the review, Lynn Hasher, a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a senior scientist at the Rotman Research Institute. “But for older adults, because they’ve retained all this extra data, they’re now suddenly the better problem solvers. They can transfer the information they’ve soaked up from one situation to another.”Such tendencies can yield big advantages in the real world, where it is not always clear what information is important, or will become important. A seemingly irrelevant point or suggestion in a memo can take on new meaning if the original plan changes. Or extra details that stole yourattention, like others’ yawning and fidgeting, may help you assess the speaker’s real impact.36.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ____ .[A] aging brains tend to process more information simultaneously[B] one becomes forgetful when he gets old[C] older people don’t think their brainpower is declining[D] the aged always stress long-term benefit37.Older adults tend to be forgetful because of ____.[A] their broader range of attention[B] the harm of Alzheimer’s disease[C] their wide information[D] their frustration from limited attention38.The studies mentioned in paragraph 3 suggest that ____.[A] it is advisable for the old to read slowly[B] out-of-place words are never negligible[C] there is nothing that can distract young people[D] old people may be more attentive in face of distractions39.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Old people’s forgetfulness turns to be their advantages.[B] The meaning of a point in a memo is changing anytime.[C] Wide attention is actually valuable in daily life.[D] Extra details have impacts on one’s focus of attention40.The text intends to tell us that ____.[A] a brain with disease is a brain with wisdom[B] an older brain may be a wiser brain[C] brains do deteriorate with age[D] how an older brain processes informationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first, fourth and the seventh paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, they must certainly be contenders asfood for humans. Actually, they are not merely food for people. In human studies, Krill Oil supplementation demonstrates anti-aging characteristics and anti-wrinkle fighting power, supports healthy joints, the heart, lipid and blood sugar levels, energy production, athletic performance and liver function, and eases women's PMS symptoms.[B] No one yet has seriously suggested that “plankton burgers” may soon become populararound the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientist.[C] Despite its enormous food potential, little effort was made until recently to farm planktonwe farm grasses on land. Now, marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.[D] Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide, mainly inthe cold Antarctic. This creature is very high in food value. Each krill consists of about 15% high quality protein containing vital amino acids and about 3% fat and vitamins. It also supplies minerals such as iron, phosphorus, and calcium. A pond of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories – about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they are related.[E] The name of plankton is derived from the Greek word πλανκτος (“planktos”), meaning“wanderer” or “drifter”. Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value, however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year, the sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.[F] One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimp likecreature called krill. The name comes from a Norwegian term meaning “small fry”, and specifically refers to a species of pelagic marine planktonic crustaceans. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the largest animal ever to inhabit the earth. Realizing that this whale may grow to 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.[G] In view of the distribution of the krill, farming is certainly difficult, but the 2008 fishingseason of krill in the Antarctic Ocean started in February/March. There has been speculation that the harvesting of krill in the Antarctic is decreasing the population too quickly due to global warming. However, the current quota for krill harvesting set down by the industry has not been reached. The danger to the ecosystem of the Antarctic region is therefore not being harmed by the current amount of krill taken from the ocean.[H] Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animalscalled plankton, Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. While some forms of plankton are capable of independent movement and can swim up to several hundreds of meters vertically in a single day (a behavior called diel vertical migration), their horizontal position is primarily determined by currents in the body of water they inhabit. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)People today all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. 46. Pollution is caused by either the release by man of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.47. The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and usein our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance , or the ecological balance as it is also know. 48. Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations.49. Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. Advertising helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. 50. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem every one can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.Section III WritingPart ADirections:Write a letter to China Telecom to show your puzzle about your telephone fees in the past month. In the description you should include the following items:1）what is your puzzle about the telephone bills?2）your explanations, and3）your inquiriesYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)健康的重要性2013全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Few scientific fields are as full of risk as that of research into human intelligence. The two questions that 1 over and over again are “is it a result of nature or nurture?” and “does race make a difference?”Making 2 comments about the second question can be a 3 move, as James Watson, a co-discoverer of DNA structure, recently found. He suggested that he was “ 4 about the prospect of Africa” 5 “all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours (white people) 6 all the testing says not really”. Such 7 are not merely 8 , they are scientifically weird. If the term race has any useful scientific meaning, then Africa, the continent where modern 9 began, is most racially diverse. The resulting 10 forced Dr Watson to leave his laboratory.11 , the study of 12 between intelligence and genetics has some wiser practitioners. One of them, Terrie Moffitt, of King’s College, has just 13 a project 14 the relative importance of nature and nurture. Dr Moffitt’s team 15 the effect on intelligence of breastfeeding, but in a genetic context. Previous studies have shown that breastfed children are more intelligent, 16 about six IQ points, than those given baby formulas.The team, however, 17 the involvement of a gene called FADS2, which comes in two varieties, known as C and G. The researchers 18 if these two varieties 19 differently with breast milk. 20 on data two groups of people, they found that the intelligence increase associated with breastfeeding only happened to people having inherited at least one copy of the C variety. The effect did not depend on the social classes or IQs of the parents.。

2012考研英语写作终极预测题一、就业1．就业现状及原因剖析This phenomenon can easily be found anywhere in our daily life, especially on campus. On the one hand, many job-seekers are reluctant to take jobs that they consider to be humble and trivial, such as being a secretary or an assistant, because they have great ambitions and they only want to ride on the peak of success. What is amazing is that they are not conscious that ambition is to be achieved step by step. On the other hand, wanting to gain more but pay less, both the jobless and graduating students aspire to seek a job that is well-paid, relaxed and comfortable. This kind of “no work, all play” attitude toward life can be destructive to both personal and social development. We should not look down upon service industry, the third industry, because it does provide us with manyemployment opportunities and positions。