2013年考研英语绝密押题

2013考研英语试题及解析【3】Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.[B] States’ independence from fed eral immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.答案：36- CCDAD答案详解：36.标准答案: C考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力选项分析：根据题干中的关键词 three provisions of Arizona定位到文中第二段。

考研英语二押题考研英语二押题是指对考研英语二考试中可能出现的题目进行猜测和预测，以帮助考生更好地备考和应对考试。

以下是考研英语二押题示例：选择题示例：1.In the following text, the author mainly talks about ____.A. the importance of grammar in language learningB. the effectiveness of language learning through immersionC. the role of technology in language learningD. the benefits of learning multiple languages2.The word “immersion” in the passage refers to ____.A. the complete immersion in a foreign language environmentB. the use of technology to enhance language learningC. the formal education in a foreign languageD. the learning of multiple languages作文题示例：Title: The Impact of Technology on Language LearningWrite an essay on the impact of technology on language learning. Use specific examples to illustrate your points and try to make your writing interesting and engaging.要求：150-200 words.总结：考研英语二押题是指对考研英语二考试中可能出现的题目进行猜测和预测，以帮助考生更好地备考和应对考试。

英语一作文考研押题It's been a long time since I last sat down to write a proper essay in English. I remember how daunting it used to be, trying to come up with the perfect introduction and thesis statement. But now, here I am, trying to tackle this essay for the English exam. It's funny how things come full circle sometimes.I've always been a bit of a procrastinator when it comes to writing. I tend to put it off until the last minute, and then I find myself scrambling to get it done. But I've learned that I work best under pressure, so maybe it's not such a bad thing after all.When it comes to choosing a topic for an essay, I always struggle. There are just so many options, and I never know which one to pick. I want to choose something that's interesting and unique, but at the same time, Idon't want to make it too complicated for myself. It's a delicate balance, and I'm never quite sure if I've got itright.One thing I've always struggled with is finding the right words to express my thoughts. I often find myself staring at a blank page, trying to come up with the perfect sentence. It's frustrating, to say the least. But I've come to realize that sometimes, it's better to just write whatever comes to mind and then go back and edit it later.As I sit here, trying to come up with the perfect conclusion for this essay, I can't help but feel a sense of accomplishment. Writing in English has always been a challenge for me, but I've managed to get through it. And who knows, maybe I'll even do well on the exam. Only time will tell.。

2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B] external [C] crucial [D] objective3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] Above all [B] On average [C] In principle [D] For example5.[A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] for [C] to [D] on7.[A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] test [B] emphasize [C] share [D] promote9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] found [B] studied [C] chosen [D] identified11.[A] otherwise [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] exceptional12.[A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B] got [C] took [D] gave15.[A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A] below [B] after [C] above [D] before18.[A] jump [B] float [C] fluctuate [D] drop19.[A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20.[A] necessary [B] possible [C] promising [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perf ect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her _______.[A] lack of imagination [B] poor bargaining skill[C] obsession with high fashion [D] insensitivity to fashion22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to _______.[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shop for their garments more frequently[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shut out the feverish fashion world23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to _______.[A] accusation [B] enthusiasm [C] indifference [D] tolerance24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. [D] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secretText 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and A pple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that InternetExplorer 10, the version due to appear Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says, “they’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioral” ads help advertisers to _______.[A] lower their operational costs [B] ease competition among themselves[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 5, Para.3) refers to_______.[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default _______.[A] goes against human nature [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] many cut the number of junk ads29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads [B] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of_______.[A] appreciation [B] understanding [C] indulgence [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the international Union for the Concentration of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by _______.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment. [B] our faith in science and technology.[C] our awareness of potential risks. [D] our belief in equal opportunity.32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are _______.[A] a misplaced race. [B] a sustained species.[C] the world’s dominant power.[D] a threat to the environment.33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [B] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[C] Technology offers solutions to social problems. [D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to _______.[A] draw on our experience from the past. [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C] explore our planet’s a bundant resources. [D] curb our ambition to reshape history.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind. [D] Science, Technology and Humanity.Text 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held th at Congress had deliberately “occupied thefield”and Arizona has thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement p riorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturnedbecause they _______.[A] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law [B] disturbed the power balance between different states[C] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[B] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts _______.[A] violated the Constitution [B] stood in favor of the states[C] supported the federal statute [D] undermined the states’ interests39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement _______.[A] outweighs that held by the states [B] is established by federal statutes[C] is dependent on the states’ support[D] rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41) ____________________. Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42) ____________________. This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) ____________________.When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium,for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an ove rall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) ____________________. This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) ____________________. That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[D] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.[E] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy, clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[F] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[G] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and thatself-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless,it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens,introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in yourcollege, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2012年6月16日The Economist《经济学人》，原文标题是A question of judgment (《判断上的一个问题》)的文章。

2013考研英语完型In the 2013 English postgraduate entrance examination, the cloze test is an important part of the reading comprehension section. This test assesses the candidates' ability to understand the context and use appropriate vocabulary and grammar to fill in the blanks. In this article, we will discuss some tips and strategies to help you improve your performance in the cloze test.Firstly, it is essential to develop a good reading habit. Reading extensively can expose you to a wide range of vocabulary and sentence structures, which will be beneficial when encountering unfamiliar words or phrases in the cloze test. Make it a habit to read English materials such as novels, newspapers, and magazines. This will not only enhance your language skills but also improve your overall comprehension abilities.Secondly, pay attention to the context. The cloze test is designed to assess your understanding of the passage as a whole. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the meaning of the entire sentence or paragraph when filling in the blanks. Look for clues in the surrounding sentences to determine the most appropriate word choice. Sometimes, the grammatical structure of the sentence can also provide hints about the missing word.Thirdly, be mindful of collocations and word associations. English is rich in collocations, which are words that commonly appear together. For example, we say "make a decision" instead of "do a decision." Familiarize yourself with common collocations and word associations to make more accurate guesses when faced with unfamiliar words in the cloze test.Additionally, it is important to have a good grasp of grammar rules. Understanding the basic grammar structures will help you identify the correct form of the missing word. Pay attention to verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and prepositions. These grammatical aspects play a significant role in determining the appropriate word choice.Furthermore, practice regularly with past papers and mock tests. Familiarize yourself with the format and types of questions that commonly appear in the cloze test. This willhelp you become more comfortable and confident when facing the actual examination. Analyze your mistakes and learn from them. Focus on the areas where you struggle the most and dedicate more time to improving those specific skills.Lastly, manage your time effectively during the examination. The cloze test is just one part of the reading comprehension section, and you need to allocate your time wisely to complete all the questions. Read the passage quickly to get a general understanding before attempting to fill in the blanks. Skip difficult questions and come back to them later if you have time remaining.In conclusion, the cloze test requires a combination of vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills. By developing good reading habits, paying attention to the context, understanding collocations, mastering grammar rules, practicing regularly, and managing your time effectively, you can improve your performance in the cloze test. Remember to stay calm and focused during the examination, and trust in your abilities. Good luck!。

1.啃老、自力更生、奋斗It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current social problem: the number of parent-dependents is growing. In the picture, the ageing parents, sweating all over, are still serving as the A TM ( Automatic Teller Machine) for their grown-up son who, however, is taking all of this for granted.It is now increasingly common for the young to depend on their parents because they are unable to support themselves even though they have grown up. Numerous factors have contributed to this phenomenon. On the one hand, the young generation has been too spoiled by their parents to be strong enough to confront the difficulties and hardships. On the other hand, more and more parents, afraid that their beloved children may be frustrated by the strain and stress from the competitive world, are more than willing to exert all their energies to help them. In addition, the modern world is becoming far more competitive than people could bear.It is obvious that the young generation should be independent of their parents who have already made painstaking efforts to bring their children up. Therefore, effective measures must be taken to avoid this trend. First of all, a positive mental guidance must be popularized among young people to enhance their awareness of striving for a better life all by themselves and of relieving their parents of the heavy burden. Secondly, an educational campaign must be launched to help the young to be self-dependent and get away from too much stress. (248 words)2.书籍是人类进步的阶梯At first sight, we may be attracted by the high pile of books looking like a mountain in the drawing above. And then we find that a figure is climbing the book mountain, trying ti land on the peak of it. It is obvious that the painter intends to echo a realistic theme:books are stairs of human progress, just as the caption in the drawing reads.Books are the best friends of human being. For one thing, reading masterpieces, either Hamlet by Shakespeare or Red Sorghum by Mo Y an,is equivalent to communicating with men of great minds, which can nourish our souls and equip our brains with profound knowledge of the world. For another, reading is a fulfilling,mind-enhancing and life-enriching journey. Great books open a completely new and colorful world in front of us: in reading books, we are exposed to new cultures and customs of peoples in far corners of the world; in reading books, resonance can be found between souls, and the innermost voices of our heart are expressed to a full degree; in reading books, more positive values,world views, and philosophy of life can be mold ed. Knowledge knows no boundaries. Just as Francis Bacon has put it, "Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend". He has also told us how to read, "Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallow ed, and some few to be chew ed and digested". Therefore, let's keep this in mind and read wisely.(261 words)3.弘扬民族文化In the picture, we can see that there are some vases made of china, which are typical products in China since ancient time. An image of a panda playing Kung Fu is carved on the surface of vases, in which both panda and Kung Fu are the symbols of Chinese elements. Besides, the Chinese mahjong growing out of the vase is also a typical Chinese element.It is obvious that the main purpose of the picture is to reflect the phenomenon of "China fever", referring to a foreign passion and enthusiasm on Chinese elements, especially Chinese culture.There are reasons accounting for the growing interest in Chinese elements.For one thing,for the past decades, China has made conspicuous progress in all fields such as economy, science and technology, and comprehensive strength of China has been enhanced greatly. For another, thanks to these advances,China presents a new image to world and becomes increasingly attractive and appealing to the whole world. Nearly every day news and stories are reported and broadcasted about what is going on in and around China. Take Europe for example, by 2010, there are 72 Confucius Institutes in 26 European countries established to spread Chinese language and culture.Towards this kind of "China craze", we should hold a right attitude. On the one hand, we should take pride in the "China craze" by foreigners,which originates from the increasing prestige of China.On the other hand, it is the responsibility of each Chinese citizen to popularize and promote excellent traditional Chinese culture and guard a favorable image of our motherland.(2614.诚信经营、社会责任、食品安全、职业道德What a frightening scene it is! The drawing depicts that, wanting to sell his crabs at high price and make handsome profits, the man is pouring poisonous chemical powder into a basin saturated with crabs. It is obvious that such behaviours in business are dangerous to the whole society.The underlying meaning of the drawing can be elaborated in terms of integrity in business and social responsibility. On the one hand, integrity, which is one of the greatest virtues of the Chinese nation, should be the keyword and best policy for business operation. Some conscienceless businessmen, however, turn o blind eye to the health and security of their fellow countrymen and care about nothing but making money. On the other hand, social responsibility is closely linked with each citizen. Ignorance of social responsibility may bring destructive impacts on our nation. For example, production of low quality and insanitary food like poisonous powdered milk may destroy the health of children, who are the future of the Chinese nation.In conclusion, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to curb these evil phenomena instead of letting the grim situation run uncontrolled. Much can be done. For instance, relative laws and regulations should be enacted to punish cheating behaviours in business severely. A wide-ranging and deep-going educational campaign must be launched to enhance the sense of integrity and social responsibility. Only in these ways can we live in a healthy world.(239 words) 5.人生、未来、选择In the above picture, two roads diverge in front of us, who may stay there long, not knowing which one to take. To turn left or to turn right, that is a hard decision. Each road in its due direction may lead us to a different destination. This coincides with the life journey of human being, which is also full of hard and painful choices.The underlying meaning of the drawing can be illustrated as follow. On the one hand, for a real road, if stepping on a wrong way, one can return to the original point, but life is a one-way journey: one cannot start it all over again. Different choices in life may make great differences. For example, one can get on different buses, meet different people and thus live a completely different life. On the other hand, to some extent, future is a combination of choices and efforts. Some people even believe that one's success depends more on how intelligently he chooses than on how diligently he works. With a wrong direction, the farther we go, the farther we are away from our dream.Therefore, positive mental guidance must be popularized among the public, especially the young, to help them keep a clear mind and make wise choices in the life journey. Besides, everyyoungster should be educated to realize his position and the reality and choose his life goal in a down-to-earth manner. Only with a right direction and destination can all the efforts made towards our dream pay off.(253 words)6. 婚姻爱情观与金钱态度What a worrying scene it is! In the drawing, hoping to marry a rich man and be a full-time housewife in the future, a young and beautiful lady is asking the man about his salary in their blind date, which surprises and upsets the man.The drawing reflects an undeniable and undesirable trend emerging in today's society: wrong values of money and marriage. When it comes to marriage, some young people, being too lazy to face the competition today, treat money, rather than love, as the top priority for consideration. This is a dangerous and detrimental trend for both the families and the society.On the one hand, without true love or the toil and torture of hardship, the money-oriented marriage may lack a solid foundation and tend to break up easily whenever the couple is confronted with great difficulties. On the other hand, if all young people are reluctant to struggle and make a great effort to achieve success, but rather rely on a "rich" marriage to change their fate, the development of the society in which they live will fall into a vicious circle. It is hard to imagine how the society can go forward and make progress, with the young being short of spirit of working hard.In one word, effective measures must be taken to educate the young to have a correct view and attitude towards marriage: the foundation of marriage should be reciprocal tolerance, mutual understanding, common ideal, and helping each other to weather bad time instead of a large amount of money and depending on spouse. It is in a marriage full of true love and harmony that prepetual happiness and pleasure lie.(265 words)7.低碳环保As is vividly depicted by the drawing above, a girl is riding her bicycle freely, instead of driving a car, enjoying the fresh air, the fun of outdoor sports and the picturesque landscape. The cartoon shows us an encouraging and pleasant scene: people are now increasingly aware of the significance of environmental protection.There is no doubt that the drawing aims at highlighting a prevailing lifestyles: low-carbon life--to produce the emission of carbon, especially carbon dioxide, to protect our environment and realize the goal of sustainable development. People in mounting numbers today are aware of the problem of greenhouse effect and global warming, and thus pay more attention to reducing carbon emission. As a green and environmental-friendly life style,"low-carbon life" is penetrating into every corner of our life: examples can be easily found anywhere in our daily life. For instance, large numbers of people nowadays are consciously reducing their time for watc hing TV. According to statistics, if we decrease the time for having the television on by one hour each day, we can reduce the amount of carbon emission by 4.71 kilograms each month.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must further promote and popularize a low carbon life among the public from every detail in daily life. We must change the past practice of sacrificing long-term environmental health for short-term rapid economic development, and shift to developing green economy, circular economy and low carbon economy. All these effective measures can help us to reach balance and harmony between development of the society and health of the nature.(267 words)8. 众志成城，奉献爱心As is apparently revealed in the picture above, everyone, regardless of age, gender and class,is donating their share of money to the fellowmen in need spontaneously, without reluctance. It is obvious that people’s mindset of charity and love has improved remarkably. Although the strength of each individual is little, “many a little makes a miracle”, just as the proverb goes.All of us need to show our love to the disadvantaged groups because love is probably the noblest among all the worthy feelings of mankind. As an exemplification of love, we should recall how friendly and caring people both home and abroad were in helping the victims of the disastrous earthquake in Sichuan and Qinghai Province. That is the true love of humanity across the boundaries of nationality and wealth. Some generous donors may not be necessarily wealthy themselves, but they are so rich spiritually.In my view, we can show our love to others in varieties of ways. The best way is to be well-prepared to help people in trouble anytime as much as possible. In return, we may receive unexpected surprise when we are in trouble. In this way, we can create a warm social atmosphere for everybody, in which we can live with more happiness and appreciation. Just as the proverb goes, “the fragrance always stays with the hand that gives roses”. In helping others lies the source of happiness.（235 words）9.心理健康问题There is no doubt that this vivid drawing is designed to reveal a vital theme: mental health. Each of the youngsters in the drawing is carrying a transparent and crystal-like “heart”, saying, “please leave me alone, my heart is as fragile as glass”.It has been widely misunderstood that health only refers to physical health, but it never occurs to them that mental health also matters.Indeed, the problem of mental health is increasingly common among people, especially the young. There are many reasons accounting for this issue. On the one hand, as a result of a growing number of single-parent family or frequent quarrels between couples, many youngsters are subject to great depression originating from `their families. On the other hand, with the competition being fierce, teenagers are more likely to be confronted with great pressure coming from academic study. Besides, the employment stresses are so hugely imposed on the young that they are consistently encountered with mental strain or anxiety. Psychological problems, if not properly handled, may lead to destructive consequences. For example, suicidal accidents and school violence happen from time to time in universities.In short, it is high time that we highlighted the importance of metal health education and guidance to help the young diffuse the pressure before it threatens their psychological health. For example, lectures on how to improve the ability to get along with others as well as deal with stresses and strains in our life, study and work should be given as many as possible. It is via this way, actually, that the young generation can have a healthy mind and a promising future.(276 ) 10.身体健康It is a truth known to everyone that “He who has health has hope, and he who has hope has everything”. However, with a “bomb”posing a potential and prompt threat to his health, the lean “white collar”is still undertaking too much workload,picturing that he would not fall ill in the near future.The drawing conveys an alarming and dangerous tendency to us: people seem to be unaware of their state of sub-health, assuming that they would not be so unlucky as to develop any disease until they really do. For one thing, the tendency originates from certain social factors: threatened by the survival pressure or lured by the attempt of making more money, a considerable number of modern people, especially those living in large metropolitan areas, are overworking at the risk oflosing health. It is common that people are not conscious of the value of health until they are ill. For another, the impacts caused by the tendency are tragic and damaging. As we all know, if we had no health, everything else—wealth, fame or power—would seem to be so meaningless and boring; if we possessed no health, we would lose everything we have—hope, happiness and future.It is imperative for us to do something. First of all, health campaigns should be planed and organized to help people establish good habits such as healthy diet, enough sleep, and abundant exercises and so on. Secondly, people should be educated to be aware that health matters more than wealth. It is health that is the highest priority in life and the origin of everything else. It is via these ways that we can have the capital to achieve our goals, dreams, and ambitions.（291）11.醉酒驾车与安全意识、社会责任What a scary and sensational scene it is! In the driver’s seat of a car sits a huge bottle of wine, symbolizing a driver as drunken as a fiddler. As a consequence, the car has already reached the edge of a bottomless cliff, while the driver is totally unconscious of the risk. What is conveyed by the picture has both realistic and alarming implications for each member of the country.The profound meaning of the vivid drawing can be elaborated in terms of both awareness of security and social responsibility. For one thing, consciousness of safety should be one of our top priorities. Life is one-way journey: you cannot experience it twice, so life is to be respected and awed. It is cruel and inhumane to spell the end of any life, with a careless driving under the influence (DUI). For another, to act as a responsible member of the society, each of us should bear social responsibility. We do not live only for ourselves but also for those who we love and who love us. It is irresponsible to claim the end of either lives of drivers or lives of other victims, leaving the families and relatives into deep grief and, maybe, with a great living burden.In short, it is imperative that legislative measures should be taken by the authority to punish drunk drivers severely such as suspending their driving licenses or even putting them into jail. Besides, the mass media, such as TV, radio and website should act together to enhance awareness of security and sense of responsibility to reduce the rate of car accidents. 27012建立信任A positive scene can be seen in the drawing above: two young men are buying buns at a self-service stall.Feeling being trusted, they are happy enough to hand in their money in exchange for what they want, and ,even if there is no one monitoring them, they have no wish to avoid paying the cash at all.As the caption puts it: being trusted is so wonderful--this is what the drawing tries to convey.On the one hand, just as love can bring sweetness to souls of lovers, trust can bring positive energy to those who trust each other.On the other hand, credit, as an invisible name card of a man, can gain many chances for him; a man without credit will not be trusted by others so that it is hard for him to achieve anything. By the same token, a company without credit can by no means flourish and a country without credit can never construct a favorable image in the international world.Considering the above points, we can naturally reach a conclusion: trust is indispensable to the upkeep of nearly every kind of interpersonal relationship. Without trust, husband and wife will break up and friends will fail apart. And in reality,, trust is like a paper: once it is crumpled, it is hard to make it perfect again.Therefore, we must make every effort to create an atmosphere ofmutual trust.Never can we establish a harmonious relationship with people around us until we build mutual trust. 25313个人隐私安全According to investigation results shown in the three graphs above, we can see that about 90 percent of people reveal that they have suffered form personal data leakage. In the second pie chart, we see that most people think legal penalty should be a major solution to such a problem. Besides, the column chart shows us that there are various paths though which private information can go to the wrong hands.It is obvious that personal data leakage is rather rampant nowadays and the security of privacy of citizen is now being seriously threatened. For one thing, with the development of information technology and the Internet, personal data is also being let out in more ways and at a higher speed. For example, much of our personal information is disclosed online unconsciously by ourselves in various manners such as posting resumes on the Internet to hunt for a job or writing a blog. What is more, some companies or individuals get the personal data by illegal means such as buying it form some telecom companies and alike. For another, such leakage of personal data as mobile phone number, ID number or credit card information may cause a lot of troubles for the security of both individuals and society. For instance, some people may use our ID number to go into illegal behaviors or steal money by the credit card.With the situation of personal data leakage serious and widespread, it is high time that we employed effective measures to curb this situation. First of all, adequate legal penalty should be established to punish people who sell or distribute data of others illegally. Secondly, an awareness of protecting personal data should be popularized among people so that they can pay much more attention to not disclosing personal data in inappropriate situations and thus prevent data form going astray.31014脚踏实地、平常心做人As is vividly depicted by the drawing above, a young job-hunting girl refuses a service post without any hesitation, complaining that she will never take a job of serving others. At the same time she is wondering why finding a promising job is so difficult in modern society.This phenomenon can easily be found anywhere in our daily life, especially on campus .On the one hand, many job-seekers are reluctant to take jobs that they consider to be humble and trivial, such as being a secretary or an assistant, because they have great ambitions and they only want to ride on the peak of success. The mystery is that are not conscious that ambition is to be achieved step by step. On the other hand, wanting to gain more but pay less, both the jobless and graduating students aspire to seek a job that is well-paid, relaxing and comfortable. This kind of “no work, all pay”attitude towards life can be destructive to both personal and social development. We should not look down upon service industry, the third industry, because it does provide us with many employment opportunities and positions.Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to improve the current situation. For one thing, an educational campaign should be launched to popularize the idea that “the longest journey starts with a single step”and to cultivate a down-to-earth attitude towards life. For another, the tendency of being lazy must be eradicated form the mind of the young. Only in his way can people realize their value of life better and can unemployment rate is reduced and thus can social harmony be achieved.27715节约资源、环保Water used to be mistaken as an unlimited and renewable resource. Actually, water resource is extremely limited and precious. As a result, our planet, used to be rich and gorgeous, is now seriously in want of resources of all kinds. Just as is depicted in the picture, the dry and thirsty “giant”is trying his best to collect the last drop of water in the world with his “cracked”dry bowl, wanting to satisfy his need for water. What s shocking scene it is!It has been long known that water shortage is a serious problem threatening the existence and survival of the whole human being, yet the phenomenon of wasting water can still be easily found anywhere in our daily life. For example, water taps are frequently left on by careless users. Someone even assumes that be he has the right to waste water because he has paid for it so that it has nothing to do with others. In fact, so precious is water that we cannot afford to waste it. Water resource is indispensable not only for our daily life but also for the industry and agriculture. And water is the wealth of the whole mankind, and it is hard to imagine what the world would be like if there were no water any more.Even though an increasing number of people have become aware of this emergency, further measure still need to be taken. On the macro level, the whole world should make a joint effort to fight against waster of water. On the micro level, publicizing activities, such as broadcasting wonderful ways on how to save water on TV and other media, should be conducted. To store water means to store happiness and only by saving water can we save a better life for our offspring.30016人均收入稳步上涨The graphs coming into our eyes specify encouraging statistics: incomes of both urban and rural residents have witnessed a period of unprecedented growth in five years after 2006. Even though rural residents still have a lower overall income than urban residents, we see that incomes of people living in villages are growing at o higher rate.What are the factors lying behind to promote this trend? It goes without saying that, first and foremost, the sustained growth in residential incomes directly results from the booming of the economy. For the past several years, economic growth has been a rising tide that lifts all boats, raising the incomes of the people in rural as well as in urban areas. What is more, endeavors made by governments at all levels must be reckoned as a crucial driving force,especially for the income rise of rural people, a direct result of governments' policy of supporting agriculture.While enjoying these fruits of victory,we can never stop our steps heading forward.As we have seen, there is still a gap between villages and towns. Our government has never given up effort to improve living standards of its people. And we, as members of the society, should be diligent enough to improve ourselves and make contributions to the economic growth, too. By doing this, we can have a brighter future. 23017换位思考At first glance, we may be disappointed when we see a white worm coming out of the bitten apple,but a closer observation of the words spoken by the kid who has bitten the apple may shock us:does the worm ruin my apple?Or do I ruin the home of the little poor worm?The seemingly funny cartoon conveys a deep-going implication which is rarely noticed:transpositional consideration. The term "transpositional consideration" means that we should put ourselves in other people's position to figure out what they care about and what they are going to do,so we can understand them better and respond to their behaviors better.However, in the day-to-day reality, we are accustomed to thinking problems and dealing with interpersonallinks basing on our own stand and viewpoint, while ignoring the effect of our behaviors upon others.As a logical consequence,misunderstanding frequently arises, leading to failure to build a smooth interpersonal relationship.For the sake of enjoying a more harmonious life,it is crucial for us to help people to mold a new life philosophy: transpositional consideration. For example, some educational advertisement can be designed to spread the idea of "Do as you would be done by" through all kinds of media,such as TV, the Internet and so on. In this way, the habit of "transpositional thinking" can be cultivated and the relationship between people would become more harmonious. 23618城市交通How horrible the traffic is! The picture depicts a scenario of a terrible traffic jam in the street. In fact, the traffic jam is so heavy that it is more of a parking lot than a crowded street. Anxious passengers cannot take buses because there are few buses. Instead, the street is filled with too many private cars.Exaggerated as it is, the phenomenon is not uncommon nowadays. With the number of private cars increasing, traffic jams in metropolitans are bound to happen. Heavy transportation pressure in large cities may bring much inconvenience to people and exert negative impacts on the environment. On the one hand, when a traffic jam happens, short distance seems to become terribly long, and drivers could do nothing but wait. Therefore, a lot of precious time has been wasted on the road. On the other hand, exhausted gas emitted by cars has increased the burden of environment and caused carbon emission, which has diverted from the concept of living a low carbon life.Therefore, effective measures should be taken to alleviate the traffic jam. Firstly, taxes levied on the purchase of private cars should be raised so as to restrict private car ownership rate. Secondly, public transportation such as buses and subways, which are low-carbon transportation means, should be encouraged and promoted so that we can have a smooth transportation. 23519网络的利与弊Just as what is shown in the picture, a girl is asking a question online. Answers from different netizens differ so11 greatly that the girl is very confused about whom she should follow. Obviously, it is becoming a fashion for people to consult the Internet when confronting a dilemma.The implication conveyed in the drawing can be elaborated as follows. On the one hand, the Internet has provided us with great convenience. For example, we can get knowledge about nearly all aspects on the Internet with only several keyboard commands and a few clicks of the mouse through search engines such as Baidu and so on. On the other hand, with an explosive amount of information on the Internet, it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. For example, teenagers may mistake the false information online for true, the result of which can be rather devastating. Some unhealthy information on the net may exert negative impacts on people.In conclusion, on the one hand, it is important for us to take full advantage of the Internet to enhance our efficiency and save our time. On the other hand, effective steps should be taken to educate people to avoid and exclude inappropriate and even wrong data online so as not to be misguided. Only in this way can the net better serve our life, study and work. 23320.业余时间分配According to the statistics shown in the pie chart, the spare time of students in university surveyed is generally allocated as follows. The majority of spare time, 53%, is assigned to doing sports. Second to sports, 36% of the spare time is used to surf the Internet. But only a small。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B] submits[C] transmits[D] delivers2. [A] minor[B] objective[C] crucial[D] external3. [A] issue [B] vision[C] picture[D] moment4. [A] For example[B] On average[C] In principle[D] Above all5. [A] fond[B] fearful[C] capable[D] thoughtless6. [A] in[B] on [C] to[D] for7. [A] if[B] until[C] though[D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize[C] share[D] test9. [A] decision[B] quality[C] status[D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied[C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible[C] replaceable[D] otherwise12. [A] inspired[B] expressed[C] conducted[D] secured13. [A] assigned[B] rated[C] matched[D] arranged14. [A] put[B] got[C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead[B] then[C] ever[D] rather16. [A] selected[B] passed[C] marked[D] introduced17. [A] before[B] after[C] above[D] below18. [A] jump[B] float[C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve[B] undo[C] maintain[D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible[C] necessary[D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three-year indictment of “fast fashion.”In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world's answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can't be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her .[A]insensitivity to fashion[B] obsession with high fashion[C] poor bargaining skill[D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to .[A] combat unnecessary waste[B] shop for their garments more frequently[C] resist the influence of advertisements[D] shut out the feverish fashion world23. The word “indictment”(Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .[A] tolerance [B] indifference[C] enthusiasm [D]accusation24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.[D] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guaranteethat DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple? [433 words]26. It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to .[A] provide better online services[B] ease competition among themselves[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] lower their operational costs27.“The industry” (Line 6, Para. 3) refers to .[A] internet browser developers[B] digital information analysts[C] e-commerce conductors[D] online advertisers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default .[A] may cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.[B] DNT may not serve its intended purpose.[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of .[A] indulgence [B] understanding[C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfilment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations arenow thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by .[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN's “Red List” suggests that human beings are .[A] a sustained species[B] the world's dominant power[C] a threat to the environment[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[B] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[C] Technology offers solutions to social problems.[D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to .[A] adopt an optimistic view of the world[B] draw on our experience from the past[C] explore our planet's abundant resources[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.[B] Science, Technology and Humanity.[C] Evolution of the Human Species.[D] Uncertainty about Our Future.Text 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration lawMonday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That's because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power.” The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona's plan were overturned because they .[A] disturbed the power balance between different states[B] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[C] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Congress's intervention in immigration enforcement[B] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D] States’ independence from federal immigration law38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts .[A] stood in favor of the states[B] supported the federal statute[C] undermined the states’ interests[D] violated the Constitution39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] is dependent on the states’ support.[B] is established by federal statutes.[C] outweighs that held by the states.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)___________________________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)___________________________ This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004. (43)___________________________When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding.(44)___________________This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)___________________________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[B] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention fromscientists, especially the young ones.[C] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[D] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one's relation to one's environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fullyjustifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section Ⅱ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2013年全真试题答案Section I Use of English1. A2. D3. C4. A5. B6. B7. A8. D9. D 10. A11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. CText 2 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. DText 3 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. AText 4 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. DPart B41.E 42.F 43.D 44.G 45.APart C46．然而，看到那些无家可归的人所创建的花园的照片时，我们不禁会发现这一系列花园即使风格各异，揭示的却是几种其他的根本需求，不限于美饰与表达的范畴。

绕去，直到把你绕晕为止。

这种句子大家都知道难，也对它们比较重视，而另外一些句子，看起来比较短，但一样费解。

比如2005年阅读理解的第四篇中，有这么一句：In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. 这个句子并不长，但是要看懂，首先要有一定的词汇水平，triumph, spontaneity, 和craft要认识(其中craft考的还是一个不常见的意思)。

其次还要看懂后半句的省略结构，而最难的是，要理解talk和speak两个词之间的微妙差别。

只有这三点都做到，才能算合格，后面的题目也才能做对。

第三、任何一道选择题，正确选项为什么对，错误选项为什么错，都能说得清清楚楚。

前面两点，我们重点解决的是英语基本能力的问题，而这第三点，就是应试技巧的范畴了。

考研英语100分中有60分是选择题。

选择题的基本命题理念，就是用一些错误的选项来干扰大家的思路，从而考察大家在对和错之间的选择。

我们如果想一步一步地修正自己的做题思路，让自己的思路和命题专家的思路高度统一，就必须不仅知道正确选项其正确
在什么地方，而且还要明晰错误的选项凭什么错。

这一点，说起来容易，做起来是耗时耗力的，据笔者的经验，真题细读标准中，这第三点对大家最有难度。

考研英语，要说简单，也很简单，只要大家把过去考过的十年真题，按照以上的三个标准，吃懂吃透，再辅以少量的模拟试题训练，在考场上考到一个比全国平均分略高的分数是绝对不成问题的。

因此，大家要有信心和毅力，更要坚持不懈地把真题细读进行到底!
(unjs)。

年考研英语绝密押题————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Topic 1：mutual trust 互相信任的意义The cartoon aims at informing us of the significance of mutual-trust. Definitely，No one can deny the importance of it. mutual trust is conducive to the harmony of society. With trust among each other, people of diverse disposition, experience, thinking mode and backgrounds can have a better understanding and communication, and thus reduce unnecessary conflicts and frictions. To further illustrate the significance of mutual trust, I would like to take an empirical evidence as a case in point: surveys conducted by certain career-related websites have shown that roughly 98% of white-collar workers are more inclined to work with colleagues they trust. (almost 98% of white-collar workers regard mutual trust as lubricant of effective collaboration. )From my perspective, at no time should we underestimate the power of mutual trust. Furthermore, we should trust people as much as possible and try our utmost to influence those who do not trust people easily, inform them of the significance of it. Only in this way can live in a more harmonious world.Topic1: adversity逆境的意义The cartoon aims at informing us of the significance of adversity. Definitely，No one can deny the importance of adversity. Adversity is conducive to people’s growth and maturity. By facing adversity with confidence and a brave heart, people are more likely to recognize themselves profoundly, bring their potential into full play and accumulate more experiences. To further illustrate the significance of adversity, I would like to take an empirical evidence as a case in point: surveys conducted by some biographers have demonstrated that almost all of the great men and celebrities have built their mansion of success on the bedrock of adversity.From my perspective, at no time should we underestimate the power of adversity. Furthermore, when coming across adversity, we should not regard it as a obstacle to success; instead, we might as well envision it as a precious chance to improve ourselves, fight against it courageously and acquire wisdom from it. “Adversity breeds success.” An ancient Greek philosopher also once said.1. 产品质量低下问题inferior quality of products问题产生的原因In the first place，Quite a few businessmen put the economic interests in the first place while overlook the importance of quality and safety.(Additionally，In order to reduce costs，they tend to use inferior materials，simplify the production process and shorten the manufacturing time.)Last but not least，the absence of strict supervision and severe punishment on those who produce low quality products has also reinforced the trend. (74words)问题的解决措施Firstly，relevant administration departments should spare no efforts to strengthen supervision on the manufacturing process.Secondly，relevant laws and regulations should be made and implemented to impose a heavy penalty on those who manufacture fake and inferior products.Only in this way can we guarantee the quality of products and the interests of consumers/ people’s safety. (58 words)2. 物价过高High prices (民生问题，映射楼价政策等)问题产生的原因For one thing，Greed is largely to blame, most companies and manufacturing units rais e prices to rake in excessive profits at the expense of customers’ interests.For another，The reduction of subsidies from the government has forced companies and manufacturing units to depend largely on high prices. It is obvious that without remarkable increase in government support, they will continue to regard customers as their primary source of revenue. (71words)问题的解决措施For one thing，Relevant administration departments should spare no efforts to strengthen supervision on prices of basic commodities.For another，The authorities should increase subsidies for certain companies to encourage them to lower their prices.Only with these measures adopted can we ensure a healthier market and enable those who have low financial conditions to afford to buy basic goods. (62words)Topic 1: Mobile-phone subscriptionsFrom the bar chart given above, we can observe that mobile-phone subscriptions in developing and developed country experienced some changes during the past several year. The number of mobile-phone subscriptions in developing countries increased dramatically from less than 1 billion in 2000 to 4 billion in 2008. Taking a look at the statistics of mobile-phone subscriptions in developed countries, we can see that it ascended gradually from less than 1 billion in 2000 to the maximum at 1 billion in 2007, and then remained unchanged in 2008.The bar chart reveals that there exists difference in the development of mobile-phone subscriptions between developing and developed countries. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows: the authorities in developing countries have issued some preferential policies to protect and promote the development of the mobile-phone industry. Moreover, with the improvement of financial status and purchasing power, people in mounting numbers can afford to buy mobile-phones which was once deemed expensive. When it comesto developed countries, its slow growth can be best attributed to the market saturation: almost every one has owned mobile-phones, it is no need for them to buy a new one.By observing the trend in developed countries, we may forecast that the mobile-phone subscriptions will not continue to grow rapidly, as developing countries will meet the same problem of “limited grow space”. This is, obviously, the law of the market development.Topic 9: The difference of job satisfaction among people at diverse ages.From the table chart given above，we can observe that it reflects the statistics of staff’s job satisfaction in a certain company. 50% of staff at the age less than and equal to 40 years old are not clear about their job satisfaction. Staff at the age between 41 and 50 years old who are not content with their jobs account for 64%. When it comes to the staff at the age over 50 years old, we can find that 40% of them are satisfied with their jobs, ranking first among all the three age groups.The table chart reveals that there exists huge difference in job satisfaction among people at different ages. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon ? Reasons can be listed as follows: the reason why people at the age less than and equal to 40s are not clear about their jobs is that they don’t have so much time and energy to reflect on whether his job is goo or not, all they have to do is to work hard and contend for more opportunities. As for those who are at the age between 41 and 50 years old, confronted with pressures from works, families and society, they can hardly stay put. Instead, they should pour all their energies into making money, supporting their families and enhance their social status. However, entering into a new stage of life: 50 years old, they are more likely to enjoy their life. Moreover, a fat pay, high social status, sense of achievement and respect form others enables them to lead acomfortable and satisfactory life.As common saying goes, “ it is impossible to please anyone.” In terms of jobs, it also can hardly please any staffs. However, we can do something to change the situation : staffs themselves should adjust their attitude towards jobs. The companies should also enforce some policies to improv e staffs’ living standard and enhance the sense of gratification. (325words)。

2013年职称英语理工类A、B、C级密卷名师押题When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach当我们的眼睛服务我们的胃Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world；they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten.我们的感官不只是提供世界上正在发生的事情一个严格的看法；他们在我的头上有什么影响。

一项新的研究发现，饥饿的人看到食品相关的词比那些刚刚吃过的人更清楚。

Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on inside our head affects our senses．For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter．Rémi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens．Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-1evel thinking processes get involved.心理学家们已经知道了几十年，怎么在我们的头会影响我们的感觉。