Unit7
Quote
Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
—Francis Bacon
历史使人睿智，诗歌使人智慧，数学使人细致，自然哲学使人深邃，道德使人严肃;逻辑与修辞使人善辩。
读史使人明智,读诗使人聪慧,演算使人精密,哲理使人深刻,伦理学使人有修养,逻辑修辞使人善辩。
史鉴使人明智；诗歌使人巧慧；数学使人精细；博物使人深沉；伦理之学使人庄重；逻辑与修辞使人善辩。
4. Questions about the text
---What issues does the writer of the letter intend to deal with
---What is the main idea
·
----What’s the author’s purpose of writing
---How is the text arranged
What issues does the writer of the letter intend to deal with
---- How should students regard grades, both good and bad Are grades as important as they are assumed to be Do good grades necessarily lead to achievements and bad grades result in failure in a student’s later life
What is the text mainly about
text is mainly about grades , disappointment and attitudes towards them by considering exactly what the grade B means and doesn’t mean.
What’s the author’s purpose of writing
~
----to tell his student that he should view his grades and his disappointment correctly.
What type of writing is this essay
-----argumentation.
Apart from the first paragraph, the rest of the text falls clearly into three parts, each of which is marked at the beginning by a key word or words. Try to find these key words.
----Paragraphs 2–5:
Disappointment
-----Paragraphs 6-8:
The student as performer; the student as human being.
。
-----Paragraphs 9-10:
Perspective
Part 1 （paragraph 1）
Understanding the paragraph:
1) What does this part mainly talk about
2) What change about grades has the author mentioned briefly
3)What, according to the author, has caused the feeling of disappointment
4) Has the author stated his purpose of writing in this paragraph If yes, what is it If not, where is it stated in the text
[
Main idea of this part:
It introduces the topic of the letter: grade B for the course and the feeling of disappointment.
What change about grades has the author mentioned briefly
----The author has mentioned briefly the change in the way grades are regarded, . the norm has shifted upward.
What, according to the author, has caused the feeling of disappointment
-----It has to do with the general social climate where grades determine eligibility for graduate school and special programs. This is why the author says there is nothing he can do to remove the feeling of disappointment.
Has the author stated his purpose of writing in this paragraph If yes, what is it If not, where is it stated in the text
$
----- The purpose of writing the letter is not stated in this paragraph. It is not specifically mentioned until the third paragraph.
I’m certain that nothing I can say will remove that feeling of disappointment, particularly in a climate where grades determine eligibility for graduate school and special program. (Paragraph 1)
Translation:
我肯定无论我说什么都不会消除你的沮丧心情，特别是在我们生活的环境中，考试分数直接决定你是否有资格读研究生和申请一些特别的学习项目。
norm n.
1) an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with
. You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in.
2) the norm = a situation or type of behavior that is expected and considered to be typical
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. One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries. 常态
Derivation:
normal a.; normally ad. normalize v. ; normalization n.
；
norm n.
normal a. normality n. normalize v.
过了几天，洪水才退，生活恢复了正常。
It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned to normal. 我们的关系正常了。
Our relationship has been normalized. …
shift vt.& vi.
1) to (cause something or someone to) move or change from one position or direction to another, especially slightly （使）移动，（使）转移 2) to change a situation, discussion etc by giving special attention to one idea or subject instead of to a previous one 转移〔注意力等〕 3）to change opinions 转变；改变〔意见、信仰等〕
. She shifted (her weight) uneasily from one foot to the other. 她不安地把重心从一只脚转移到另一只脚。
标准，规范
正常的，正规的 n.正常；标准；常态
常态
使正常，使标准化
The wind is expected to shift (to the east) tomorrow.
"
The White House hopes to shift the media’s attention away from
foreign policy issues.
白宫希望把媒体的注意力从外交政策问题上转移开。
Public opinion was beginning to shift to the right
(= become more right-wing ) 公众舆论开始右倾。
Derivation:
shift n.
/
shiftless a. lazy and having no interest in working hard or trying to
succeed懒惰的，不求上进的，得过且过的
N. 1) if workers in a factory, hospital etc work shifts, they work for a particular period of time during the day or night, and are then replaced by others, so that there are always people working
〔工厂、医院等轮班制中的〕当班时间
I work shifts. 我轮班工作。
A shift system has been introduced.实行了轮班工作制。
do/work a (10-/12-/24- etc hour) shift
Dave had to work a 12-hour shift yesterday.
戴夫昨天要上一个12小时的班。
~
night/day etc shift
The thought of working night shifts put her off becoming a nurse.
想到要上夜班，她就打消了当护士的念头。
early/late shift
I’m on the early shift tomorrow. 明天我要上早班
shift work/worker/working
people who do shift work 做轮班工作的人
2). a shift key 〔键盘上的〕shift键，换挡键
To run the spell-checker, press SHIFT and F7. 要使用拼写检查程序
~
with the result that: in consequence; as a consequence of
因此；从而；其结果是
.
To increase sales, firms could hire more people without caring too much about productivity, with the result that growth in revenue correlated closely with growth in headcount.
为了增进销售，各企业可以雇佣更多的人而不用操心员工的生产力，因此，营业额的增长与员工数量的增加呈现紧密的相关性。
Practice：
盗贼戴上手套，因而没有留下指纹
The burglar wore gloves, with the result that there is no fingerprint to be found. |
建国以来我们犯的几次错误，都是由于要求过急，目标过高，脱离了中国的实际，结果发展反倒慢了。
The mistakes we have made since the founding of the People’s Republic were all due to over-eagerness: disregarding China’s realities, setting excessively high targets, with the result that progress was slowed.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.他因急性阑尾炎住院治疗，结果连期末考试都没参加。
(with the result that)
He was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with the result that he missed the final examination.
eligibility n. the qualifications or abilities required for doing
something
#
Derivation:
eligible a.
eligible (for sth. / to do sth.)
1)她的资历和经验确定她适合做这项工作。
2) 只有在公司工作三年以上的人才能得到住房补贴。
1）Her qualifications and experience confirm her eligibility for the job.
2）Only those who have worked in this company for at least three years are eligible for housing allowance
Part 2 （paragraph 2-5）
}
Understanding the paragraph:
Main idea:
The author tells how he understands a grade: a grade, which is just a fuzzy representation of the student’s mastery of a certain subject but not a precise judgement of the student’s ability or character, is over-emphasized in American society.
Question:
1) How does the author explain the notion of disappointment
2) What does the author think has given rise to a B student’s feeling of
disappointment
How do you interpret the second sentence in Paragraph 2 “The essence of success is that there’s never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum game where one person’s winning must be offset by another’s losing, one person’s joy offset by another’s disappointment”.
Explanation:
“Zero-sum game” refers to a situation in which if one person gains an advantage from it, someone else involved in it must suffer an equivalent disadvantage.
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Paraphrase:
There does not exist the situation in which all those who are involved will turn out successful and no one feels disappointed. Wherever there are winners, there are losers. When someone feels happy about his success, someone else may feel disappointed at his failure. In a highly competitive society where the importance of winning is emphasized so much, it is inevitable that those who fail in the competition will feel disappointed.
Translation:
我们所生活的社会就像一个零和游戏，只要有人赢，就会有人输；只要有人感到幸福，就会有人感到沮丧。从来都不存在大家都成功而没有人失落的情况。这就是成功的核心因素。
…winning is not the most important thing —it’s the only thing.…Explanation:
This is a special type of negation. The author is not negating the importance of winning; rather, with the sentence that follows the negative one, the author gives the utmost emphasis to the importance of winning. What the author wants to say is “Winning is of primary importance; nothing could be more important than winning.”
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Translation:
成功不是最重要的事情――它是唯一的事情
.
To improve your oral English, practicing is not the most important thing —it’s the only thing.
Ours is a time of information explosion; to keep up with the times, updating our knowledge is not the most important thing —it’s the only thing.
To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke —these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. 。
Paraphrase:
Being unsuccessful in one’s life and career and financially disadvantaged are regarded as shameful or even sinful because in this world people tend to think that only those who are successful now can be saved from evil in the future..
In a different society, your disappointment might be something you could shrug away. But not in ours.
Paraphrase:
If you are in a different society, you could just ignore you disappointment, but in our society, it’s inescapable.
Translation:
假如你处在另一个社会里，你可以对你的沮丧置之不理，但是在我们这个社会里是无法回避的。
[
inadequacy
1) [U] a feeling that you are not as good, clever, skilled etc as other people 〔人〕不够好，不胜任
Unemployment can cause feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.
失业会使人缺乏自信，产生自卑感。
2)[U] the fact of not being good enough in quality, ability, size etc for a
particular purpose 〔质量、能力、大小等〕不足，欠缺
[+ of] the inadequacy of local health care 当地医疗保健服务的不足
3) .[C usually plural,一] a fault or weakness 缺点，不足之处
I’m quite aware of my own inadequacies. 我很清楚自身的不足之处。
Derivation:
inadequate a.
inadequately ad.
Antonym:
adequacy
Exercise: Use the following words to fill in the blanks.
inadequacy inadequately adequacy adequate adequately
1. Unemployment can often cause feelings of and low self-esteem.
:
2. He doubted her for the job.
3. Will future oil supplies be to meet world needs
4. While some patients can be cared for at home, others are best served by care in a hospital.
5. Our scientific research is funded.
essence n. the most basic and important idea or quality
. The essence of his argument was that education should continue throughout life.
Yet change is the very essence of life.
Collocation:
（
in essence 本质上，大体上
In essence, both sides agree on the issue.
of the essence 非常重要的，不可缺少的
In any of these discussions, of course, honesty is of the essence.
Derivation:
essential a. & n.
essentially ad.
go round
1)'
2)The main road was flooded so we had to go round by narrow country lanes. ----绕道
2）It is unprofessional to go round criticizing your colleagues.
---（四处活动，在交际方面活跃）
There is a rumour going round that she has been arrested.
----（流传，传播）
There is a lot of flu going round at that moment.
-----（传染，流行）
3）（0f a number or quantity of sth）be enough for everyone to have a share (指某物的数或量）足够每人一份
…
There aren’t enough chairs to go round.椅子不够坐。
Is there enough food to go round 食物够每人一份吗
前来听讲座的人数远远超出原来的估计，分发给大家的讲义不够了。
As many more people came to the lecture than expected, there were not enough handouts to go round.
offset vt. to counterbalance or compensate for
In basketball, he offsets his small size by his cleverness and speed.
Forests can help offset human-caused climate warming, and scientists want to know how big a role these particular forests will play.
'
Collocation:
offset sth. by sth. / doing sth.
go under to fail; to be overwhelmed 破产，沉没，失败，屈服
His business went under because of competition from the large corporations. Poor Donaldson had no head for（在某方面缺少天分）business, and it was not long before he went under.
go / be broke to become penniless; to go bankrupt
·
破产了，没钱，身无分文的，穷的
v. a . n .
The business kept losing money and finally went broke. I can ’t afford to go on holiday this year — I ’m broke. A lot of small businesses went broke during the recession. 经济不景气，很多小公司都倒闭了。
\
房子里没有什么东西可救的了。
There is nothing that is salvageable in the building. 天气干旱了这么久，这场雨成了农民的救星。
After so much dry weather, the rain has been the farmer ’s salvation.
Questions:
1) How does the author explain the notion of disappointment (Paragraph 2) .----Disappointment is a negative feeling. It is the stuff bad dreams are made of. What deserves our attention here is that the author explains disappointment in relation to success.
!
2) What does the author think has given rise to a B student ’s feeling of disappointment
.----As far as the author is concerned, the cause of the student ’s disappointment is to a large extent social. In a society where the importance of winning is overemphasized, it is considered shameful to be a loser. What ’s more, prosperity
、
salvage
salvageable 打捞，抢救
可抢救的，可打捞的 得救，拯救；赎罪
in the present is assumed to ensure one’s salvation in the future. In this general social climate, therefore, a B student will naturally feel disappointed. Paragraph 3
What is the main idea
It reveals the purpose of writing this letter: the students should learn how to correctly deal with the grade B and disappointment from it.
What does the phrase “put sth. in perspective”mean (Paragraph 3)
-----It means “judge the importance of sth. correctly.”So what the author wants to do is to show the students how they should regard / view their disappointment correctly.
#
perspective n.
1）a way of regarding situations, facts, etc.；
〔思考问题的〕角度，观点，想法
2）a sensible way of judging and comparing situations so that you do not imagine that something is more serious than it really is
〔对事物的〕合理判断，正确认识
3）a method of drawing a picture that makes objects look solid and shows distance and depth, or the effect this method produces in a picture
透视（画）法；透视效果，透视感
.
His father’s death gave him a whole new perspective on life.
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The novel is written from the perspective of a child.
I think Tom has lost all sense of perspective .
The artist took the use of perspective.
in / out of perspective: 可见物体的位置或比例正确/不正确；恰当/不恰当
background of this picture is all out of perspective.
view / put / see sth. in perspective ：从…角度观察、处置、看待sth sees things in their right perspective.
^
take …at face value to accept something for what it appears to be took his stories at face value and did not know he was joking.
If you take his remarks only at their face value, you will not have understood his full meaning.
Translation:
如果这一生中我学会了一件事的话，那就是绝不要听什么就相信什么。
If there is one thing I have learned in life, it is never to take anything you are told at face value.
我们不应只看到失败的表面，而要从失败中得出经验教训。
We shouldn’t take failures at face value. Instead, we should learn from our failures.
他的话，你得好好想一想，千万不要他说什么你就信什么。
；
be apt to to have the tendency to
careless person is apt to make mistakes.
pen is rather apt to leak.
proficient a. proficiency n.熟练的，精通的熟练，精通
Synonym:
be inclined to
be likely to
mislead: make you think or act wrongly 误导，误入歧途
—
deliberately misled us about the nature of their relationship.
关于他们究竟是什么关系，他故意给我们留下错误印象。
sentence has misled us into thinking that the answer was wrong.
这句话误使我们认为那个答案是错误的。
Paragraph 4
Questions:
1) Why does the author think that grades are misleading (Paragraphs 4 )
2) Try to find out what a grade means and what it does not mean. (Paragraphs 4 5)
(
Lacking more precise measurement tools, we must interpret your B as a
rather fuzzy symbol at best, representing a questionable judgment of your mastery of the subject. (Paragraphs 4 )
Translation
-----由于缺乏更精确的衡量工具，我们至多只能把B看作一个模糊的符号，表示对你掌握某一科目的程度的判断，不过这种判断的准确性很值得怀疑.
，
assume assuming assumption :
v.
conj.
n.
假定，设想；承担；认为
假定，假如
假定，设想assumption of sth
我可以说对唱歌很在行。
I’d say I am quite proficient at singing.
correspond to to match; to be similar or equal to,相当于，符合于
The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.
;
我以为你能讲流利的英语。
I assumed you could speak English fluently.
假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办
Assuming that it is true, what should we do now
assumption n. what is thought to be true or will happen, without
any real proof
These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise. I’m working on the assumption that the money will come through.
*
Collocation:
assumption of sth.
Translation:
1. 这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的。
The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.
2. 看见不明飞行物时，有些人就设想在其他行星上有生命。
Some people assume that there is life on other planets when they see UFOs.
.
inadequacy assumption correspond to essence
offset conventional go under perspective proficiency be apt to
4. A great many companies in the fierce financial risk.
5. Everyone sees things from his or her own
6. She live in the country, but her husband wanted to live in the city.
^
7. Tom’s as a professor is well known.
8. English is always thought to be a nation.
9. The working of this machine that of the human brain.
10. The of their son’s coming back after the war proved to be wrong.
Why does the author think that grades are misleading (Paragraphs 4 )
-----A grade is just a symbol, which is supposed to reflect the level of a student’s performance, and the student’s performance is assumed to correspond to his knowledge. But the students may have acquired more or less knowledge out of the course than the grade indicates. Therefore a grade may be misleading..
Try to find out what a grade means and what it does not mean. (Paragraphs 4 5) -----It means the successful completion of a specific course at a certain level of proficiency. It is an indication of the student’s performance of some conventional tasks. However, it may not be a truthful indication of the student’s knowledge. It does not represent a judgment of the student’s basic ability or of his character.
>
Paragraph 5
Question
What do you think is the author’s attitude toward the current school curriculum (Paragraphs 5 )
-----His attitude toward the current school curriculum is critical. In this paragraph he mentions a number of important characteristics of humans such as courage, kindness, wisdom, and good humor. These are not included in the current school curriculum. Obviously our schools have neglected character building of the students..
in short supply: far from enough 供给不足，缺乏
The water and food for disaster area is in short supply.
这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。
Potatoes are in short supply because of the bad harvest.
由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。
，
Understanding the paragraph:
Main idea:
The author makes the distinction between the student as a classroom performer and the student as a human being, which would help the student put his grade in perspective. In the eye of the author, getting a B in class does not mean one will always be a B performer in life.
Question
How does the author illustrate his distinction
-----by using his personal experience.
How would you explain the technique the author’s instructor used to handle his class
—
-----The technique the instructor used was to make a clear distinction between the student as a classroom performer and the student as a human being. A poor grade, at best, indicates that the student is a poor classroom performer, but it has little to say the ability and personality of the student as a human being. By making such a distinction, the instructor encouraged , rather than discouraged, those who were not doing well in class. As a result they all worked harder at his course..
…when I got out of the service …( paragraph 6)
Explanation:
Usually the plural form “services”is used to refer to the three armed forces, . the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force.
Paraphrase:
…when I got out of the army …
Translation:
……当我退役的时候……
'
Nor did they resent him for shifting suddenly from a friendly gear to a coercive one.(paragraph 8)
Explanation:
The word “gear”originally means a device in a vehicle which controls the rate at which the energy being used is converted into motion. While driving, a driver sometimes shifts or changes gear. In this sentence, the shifting of gear refers to the change in the instructor’s manner of dealing with his students. When drinking with the students in the pub, he was easy-going and friendly; but in the classroom, he became stern and severe.
Translation:
他们也不因他突然从和蔼可亲的态度转向严厉苛刻的面孔而憎恨他。
八年级上英语讲义 Unit 7 Will people have robots? 学生姓名 就读学校 时间
本章的知识清单知识框架表
短语集萃 1. live to be+岁数活到…… 2. in danger 处于危险中 3. play a part 参与 4. in the future 在将来 5. the same as 与……相同 6. on weekends 在周末 7. go to school 去上学 8. space station 太空站 9. over and over again 多次；反复地 10. hundreds of 许多；大量 11. wake up 醒来 12. be able to do sth. 能够做某事 13. fall down 突然倒下 14. look for 寻找；寻求 15. be good for 对……有益 单元语法：（一）will do表示将来 1. 用法：一般将来时表示从现在看将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，与表示将来的时间状语连用。 2. 构成：由“助动词will（通常用于第二、三人称）+动词原形（实义动词或连系动词）”构成。 3. 常见的时间状语有：this afternoon, tomorrow, tomorrow morning, before long, next week, in the future及“in+一段时间”等。 4. will do表示将来时的各种句式： （1）肯定句：主语+ will+动词原形+其他。I will have acting lessons this week. 这周我要上表演课。 （2）否定句：主语+ will not+动词原形+其他。She will not visit her sister tomorrow. 明天她不去看望姐姐。 （3）一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ will. 否定回答：No, 主语+ won’t.
Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.
Unit 13 One of These Days Part 1 Communicative Activities Aims: 1. Learning about the background information of the Latin American writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez 2. Learning to talk about the personalities and personal sketches 3. Practicing using language through role-play and drama activities 1. Interactive listening and speaking Learning suggestions: 1. Listen to the recording for several times until get enough details. 2. Complete Task A (Answers: 1-a 2-b 3-c 4-c 5-a 6-c ) 3. Read Task B for personal sketches and listen to the recording again. Work with your friends discussing your notes and descriptions. … Notes: 1. Notes about the author: Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a well known Latin American novelist, short story writer, screen writer and journalist. His most famous novels are Hundred Years of Solitude (1967) (1982 Nobel prize laureate) and Love in the Time of Cholera (1985). 2. Notes about the country Colombia. Official Name: Republic of Colombia. It is the fourth-largest country in South America. (哥伦比亚). Don’t confuse it with Columbia as derived from Christopher Columbus who discovered Americas in the 15th century.) Scripts: Early life of Gabriel Garcia Marquez Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a well known Latin American writer. He was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in literature for his famous novel Hundred Years of Solitude. Today we are going to talk about his early life, and show how this part of his life influenced his works. Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born on March 6, 1928 in a town called Aracataca in Northern Colombia. At first, he was raised by his maternal grandparents as it was quite common at that time if one’s parents were poor and struggling. This part of life
六上Unit7Protect the Earth 讲义A 词组：protect the Earth保护地球save water节约用水drink water喝水use water to clean things用水清洗东西every day每天in many places在许多地方much water 许多水waste water浪费水save energy节能come from=be from来自... on Earth 在地球上drive so much开如此多的车a lot of energy许多能源save trees拯救树木make tables做桌子many other things其他的许多物品cut down砍伐too many+可数名词too much+不可数名数help keep帮助保持be bad for对...有害（反）be good for对...有益plastic bags塑料袋glass bottles玻璃瓶；Earth Day地球日World Environment世界环境日（do a project做课题all students所有的学生make a poster 做一张海报tell sb about sth告诉某人某事tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事on the trees在树上（长在上面的）in the tree在树上（不是长在上面的）a rubbish bin一个垃圾桶at the school gate在学校门口protect the Earth保护地球our home我们的家园What a nice poster!多漂亮的海报呀！） 句型：1、We use wood to make tables, chairs and other things. 我们用木头制作桌椅和其它东西。 2、We should use paper bags and glass bottles.我们应该使用纸袋和玻璃瓶。 3、We should not cut down too many trees.我们不应付砍伐太多树木。 语法：1、use(v.使用) reuse（v.重新使用）useful(adj.有用的) use sth to do sth使用某物去做某事 2、many+可数名much+不可数名许多；大量前可加so, too 3、a lot of=lots of +可数名、不可数名许多；大量 4、water, energy, coal, oil, paper, wood, plastic都为不可数名词 5、come from=be from来自... 6、other 其他的，the other(两者中)另一个，anther(三者中) 另一个 7、祈使句动词开头。Don’t+祈使句 8、too many+可数名词too much+不可数名数 9、be bad for对...有害（反）be good for对...有益 10、drive(过去式)drove 11、Let+宾格（me, us, you, him, her, it, them） 12、tell sb about sth告诉某人某事 13、first:首先（句首、句尾）, 第一（前加the） 14、on the trees在树上（长在上面的）in the tree在树上（不是长在上面的） 15、感叹句：How, What 开头句尾有！ 六年级英语上册Unit1—Unit4动词过去式
Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life Jim Doherty 有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。 这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。 这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。 但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降
到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆
Key to Exercises of College English Book 2 Unit 1 ★Text A Vocabulary I. insert 2) on occasion 3) investigate 4) In retrospect 5) initial 6) phenomena 7) attached 8) make up for 9) is awaiting 10) not…in the least 11) promote 12) emerg ed 2. 1) There is a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south. 2) Natural fiber is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 【 3) The city’s importance as a financial center has evolved slowly. 4) His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 5) The poems by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines. 3. 1) be picked up, can’t accomplish, am exaggerating 2) somewhat, performance, have neglected, they apply to 3) assist, On the other hand, are valid, a superior II. 1. 1) continual 2) continuous 3) continual 4) continuous 2. 1) principal 2) principal 3) principle 4) principles 5) principal III. : 1. themselves 2. himself/herself 3. herself/by herself/on her own 4. itself 5. ourselves 6. yourself/ by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercise I. Cloze 1. 1) contrast 2) exaggerating 3) priority 4) on the other hand 5) promoting 6) pick up 7) assist 8) accomplish 9) on occasion 10) neglecting 11) worthwhile 12) superior 2. 1) end 2) perform 3) facing 4) competent 5) equipped 6) designed 7) approach 8) rest 9) definitely 10) quality II. Translation ； 1. 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. 2. To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without
第七讲Unit7 In the future 教学过程 一、课堂导入
教师讲述一个与本节课题目有关的英文小故事，引出今日所要讲解的知识点，然后让学生简单梳理一下所涉及的问题，带着问题学习本节课的内容。 二、复习预习 教师引导学生复习上节课学的重点内容，检测单词的用法，（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过英文小故事导入本节课所要学习的新知识。 三、知识讲解 1. 知识点一：重点单词 1）able ['e?bl] 【词性】adj. 【词义】有能力的 【易混淆点】be able to 常表示经过后天努力而具有能力做某事 can 常表示本身具有能力做某事【经典例句】 I am able to pay you now. 我现在能付给你钱了。 2）hope [h??p] 【词性】n. 【词义】希望；期望 【易混淆点】hope 一般指可实现的希望 wish 一般指难以实现的愿望
【经典例句】 I hope to hear from you soon. 我希望不久能收到你的来信。 3）secret ['si?kr?t] 【词性】adj. 【词义】秘密的 【易混淆点】secret 秘密的 mysterious 神秘的 【经典例句】 They were forced to publish the secret news. 他们被迫公开秘闻。 2. 知识点二：重点词组 1）talk about 谈论；讨论；商讨2）be able to 能够；有能力 3）space station 航天站 4）in the future 在未来 5）live on other planets 居住在其他星球上6）grow vegetables 种植蔬菜 7）speak the same language 讲同一种语言 8）travel to 到......去旅行 9）take pills for meals 服药片代替吃饭 10）in ten years’ time 十年之后
Unit1 The Burden of Womanhood Too often in the Third World, a female?s life is hardly worth living. By: John Ward Anderson & Molly Moore 女人的负担 往往在第三世界，女性的生活几乎是不值得活的。 约翰.沃德.安德森和莫莉.摩尔 1.When Rani returned home from the hospital cradling her newborn daughter, the men in the family slipped out of her mud hut while she and her mother-in-law mashed poisonous oleander seeds into a dollop of oil and dropped it into the baby?s throat. As soon as darkness fell, Rani crept into a nearby field and buried her baby girl in a shallow, unmarked grave next to a small stream. 当拉尼抱着她刚出生的女儿从医院回到家时，男人们溜出了她的土屋，她和她的婆婆将有毒的夹竹桃种子捣碎成一团油，并将其塞到婴儿的喉咙里。夜幕一降临，拉尼就蹑手蹑脚地来到附近的一块土地，将她的女婴埋在一条小溪浅旁边的一个不深的、没有标记的坟墓内。 2.“I never felt any sorrow,” Rani, a farm laborer with a weather-beaten face, said through an interpreter. “There was a lot of bitterness in my heart toward the baby because the gods should have given me a son.” “我从来没有感到任何悲哀”，脸部饱经风霜的拉尼通过翻译说，“我的心对孩子充满了辛酸，因为神本应该赐予我一个儿子”。 3.Each year hundreds and perhaps thousands of newborn girls in India are murdered by their mothers simply because they are female. Some women believe that sacrificing a daughter guarantees a son in the next pregnancy. In other cases, the family cannot afford the dowry that would eventually be demanded for a girl?s marriage. 在印度每年有数百甚至数千名新生女婴被他们的母亲谋杀，只因为他们是女孩。有些妇女认为，牺牲一个女儿将保证下次怀孕是儿子。在其他情况下，家庭买不起女孩结婚时所需的嫁妆。 4.And for many mothers, sentencing a daughter to death is better than condemning her to life as a woman in the Third World, with cradle-to-grave discrimination, poverty, sickness and drudgery. 对于很多母亲而言，判处女儿死刑胜过让她在第三世界作为一个女人生活，经历一辈子的歧视、贫困、疾病和劳苦。
Unit 7 Inner Voice I. New words and expressions New words 1. inner adj. 内心的；隐藏的 2. precisely adv. 准确地；恰好地 precise precision 联想：accurate, accuracy 比较：simply, possibly, subtly, truly / definitely, rarely, fortunately, likely / luckily, heavily 3. bombard v. 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息， 4. dreaded adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的 5. small talk n. 寒喧；闲谈；聊天 6. hesitation n. 犹豫 hesitate hesitant hesitancy / hesitation 7. wonder v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨n. 奇迹 wonder wh-… do / work wonders / miracles
精选文库 8. prompt v. 促使；导致；激起 9. complete adj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的 10. upset adj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的 11. roll v. （使）翻滚，滚动 12. despite prep. 即使；尽管 despite / in spite of that fact that … 13. feeble adj. 无效的；无力的 14. attempt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试 attempted 15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉 16. profusely adv. 大量地；连连地 17. address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；致函 18. receptionist n. 接待员 19. attach v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上） attach …to… attached 依恋的；附加的；附属的 attachment 依恋；附件 20. emotion n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪 emotional emotionless 21. contain v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情） 22. apparently adv. 据…所知；看来；显然
《综合英语教程》第二册课文、扩展阅读课文译文 Unit 1 Text 等候的人们 我坐在一个机场，观察着等候所爱之人到达或离开前最后一刻的人们。他们有的不安地来回走着，有的互相凝视着，有的拉着对方的手。此时的感情是强烈的。 一位讲西班牙语的女士正来回转圈地跑着，想要将全家人集中起来道别。她的嗓门很高。当登机前的最后时刻到来时，她用双臂搂着儿子，似乎这一紧紧的拥抱能保佑他将来平安地归来。 在我候机坐位旁的栏杆边站着一位祖母和她的孙子，该来接他们的人还没到。他们旁边有两位女士，互相之间显然没有关系，但她们的眼光都象扫视着大海的探照灯一样朝通道口仔细地搜索着。一位怀抱婴儿的母亲正与丈夫吻别。泪水打湿了她的面颊。这时刻十分令人动情。 在第13号出口处，抵达者们刚刚进站。“我看见她了，她在那儿。”以同样感人的激情，这些抵达者融入了庞杂的人群，仿佛他们是这人群中失而复得的一个组成部分。泪水、笑容，和由衷的快乐洋溢在久别重逢的欢声笑语中。 我坐着边翻书边等着我的登机时刻，感到有点孤独，因为亲人与我的时间不配；而我要去见的人，我的女儿，却在我旅程的另一端。 我在回想往日的离别和重逢。忆起我看见女儿，就是我现在要去见的女儿，正从那狭窄的通道走过来，肩上背着背包，怀里抱着塞得满满的行囊，带着的耳机让她无暇顾及身旁川流不息的人群。她当时上大学一年级，11月回家度假——8月份以来第一次回家。我紧紧地拥抱着她，似乎我曾失去过她。 今天我乘坐的航班晚点两小时。手里的书今天读起来没劲，不如观看眼前这熙来人往的人群。一个5岁左右的男孩第一次见到他的祖父。他一点点往上看，半天才看到了对成人来说并不算高的一位男人的脸。一高一矮的两人脸上都放出了喜悦的光芒，我不知道人们如何能用语言和胶卷来捕捉这一时刻。 当我的航班终于呼叫登机时，我收起书本和行李。既然无人相送，我就没有回头看看来时的方向，而是在想上班的丈夫此刻极想知道我是否已起飞，在另一端的女儿也正惦记着同一件事。 登机时，我回想起另一种离别和重逢。有一次我新婚不久，91岁的祖父去世了。我们的关系一直很密切，那天傍晚，我参加完他的葬礼乘飞机返回，一边离开机场一边哭着。我们刚刚结婚一年的丈夫等候在出站口，把我拥抱在怀中。满脸的泪水招来了大家对我的关注，但我并不在乎。不管怎么说，我内心的那种感受在机场没有什么不合时宜的。 生命始终都需要这般关注。我祝愿所有旅行的人们归来时都能看到有人在等候迎接他们。我也祝愿他们出发前有人去送行。我想到自己的祖父并认识到，如果死亡就像这样，一次旅行而已，那么，我就不会害怕。 （吕睿中译，胡一宁审校） Read more 重要之事
?全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程课后答案(第二册) Unit1 Ways of Learning Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work 1.They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing. 2.Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel. 3.They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly. 4.Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. 5.Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. 6.He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself. 7.He means that this incident pointed to important differences
综合英语第二册 U n i t7讲义 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
Unit7 Quote Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. — Francis Bacon 历史使人睿智，诗歌使人智慧，数学使人细致，自然哲学使人深邃，道德使人严肃;逻辑与修辞使人善辩。 读史使人明智,读诗使人聪慧,演算使人精密,哲理使人深刻,伦理学使人有修养,逻辑修辞使人善辩。 史鉴使人明智；诗歌使人巧慧；数学使人精细；博物使人深沉；伦理之学使人庄重；逻辑与修辞使人善辩。 4. Questions about the text ---What issues does the writer of the letter intend to deal with ---What is the main idea ----What’s the author’s purpose of writing ---How is the text arranged What issues does the writer of the letter intend to deal with ---- How should students regard grades, both good and bad Are grades as important as they are assumed to be Do good grades necessarily lead to achievements and bad grades result in failure in a student’s later life What is the text mainly about text is mainly about grades , disappointment and attitudes towards them by considering exactly what the grade B means and doesn’t mean. What’s the author’s purpose of writing ----to tell his student that he should view his grades and his disappointment correctly. What type of writing is this essay -----argumentation. Apart from the first paragraph, the rest of the text falls clearly into three parts, each of which is marked at the beginning by a key word or words. Try to find these key words. ----Paragraphs 2–5: Disappointment -----Paragraphs 6-8: The student as performer; the student as human being. -----Paragraphs 9-10:
綜合英語二上冊課文翻譯 lesson1学校要是教给我们这12种本领就好了卡尔·萨根 1.二战刚结束，我在纽约和新泽西的公立学校上了初中和高中。现在想来似乎是很久远的事了。学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般水准。因而，那时的我可以说是受益匪浅。我所学到的最重要的一点，就是要学的东西实在是太多，而我还没有学到的东西也太多。有时候，我想那时要是能学点真正重要的东西，今天我会多么地心存感激。在有些方面，当时的教育十分狭窄；关于拿破仑，在学校里我所学到的仅仅是美国从他手里买下路易斯安那。（在一个约95％的居民不是美国人的星球上，学校当局认为只有美国历史才值得讲授。）在拼写、语法、数学基础知识以及其他重要的学科的教授上，我的老师们做得相当不错。但是还有许多其他的东西，我曾希望他们教授给我。 2.或许该教而没教的缺陷自那以后已经得以纠正。照我看来似乎有许多东西（主要是态度问题、认识问题，而不是简单的对事实记忆的问题）学校应当教授——那些在以后的生活中真正有用的东西，即那些能使国家更强大、世界更美好，也能使人们更幸福的东西。人类乐于学习。这是我们人类比这个星球上其它物种做得好些的为数有限的几件事中的一件。每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出“啊，原来是这么一回事！”时的感受——也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情，一下子变得豁然开朗时的感受。 3.下面就是我列出的方法: 挑一件难事，从中学习 4.希腊哲学家苏格拉底曾经说过这是人类最大的乐趣之一，确实也是如此。与其涉足多门学科而略知一二，莫如选其一两个学科学深学透。只要你对所选的课题感兴趣，只要你的研究不脱离课题本身更为广阔的人文环境，你的课题是什么并不重要。教会你自己一个课题以后，你就会对教授你自己另一课题的能力更加充满信心。你会逐渐发现你已获得了一种主要技能。世界的变化日新月异，你必须在一生中不断地教授你自己。但不要沉溺于你感兴趣的或你擅长的第一门学科而止步不前。这个世界充满了奇妙的事物，有些我们完全长大成人之后才会发现；很遗憾，大部分我们一辈子也发现不了。 不要害怕问“愚蠢的”问题 5.许多明显幼稚的提问其实是很深刻的问题，诸如草为何是绿的，太阳为何是圆的，为什么我们的世界需要55000个核武器。对这些问题的回答很可能会使你对事物有深刻的理解。尽可能明确你有哪些事情不明弊同样也很重要，提问题就是找出不懂之处的办法。提“愚蠢的”问题，对于提问者来说需营勇气，对答问者来说需要知识和耐心。不要把自己的学习局限于课堂。与朋友深入地讨论观点或想法。明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切变得麻木不仁要勇挂得多。 仔细倾听 6.很多情况下人们谈活时，总是争相表现自己，这类交谈对双方都无多大益处。当别人在谈话时，不要费时去思考自己接下来打算说什么，而是设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使他们说这些话，你从这些话中能学到什么，你对说这些话的人又能了解到什么情况等。老年人所经历的世界与你所经历的截然不同，你也许对其知之甚少。老年人及来自其他地方和其他国家的人们有可以丰富你的生活的十分重要的对事物的看法。 人人都会犯错误 7.每个人对事物的理解都是不全面的。要乐于接受改正，学会纠正自己的错误。你应该感到丢人的倒是没有从错误中吸取教训。 了解你所处的星球 8.这是我们仅有的一个星球。要了解它是如何运作的。我们往往为了短期的利益，在尚不了解（这些做法）长远影响的情况下，正在改变大气层、改变地球的表面以及地球的水系。任何一个国家的公民至少对我们人类要走向何处都有发言权。如果我们不理解这些问题，我们就是放弃未来。 科学与技术 9.除非你了解科学与技术，否则你不会了解你所在的星球。我记得学校的理科课程专讲科学的次要方面，而对科学的深层含义几乎只字不提。现代科学的每项重大发现同时也是对人类精神的重大发现。例如，
综合英语第二册语法练习及答案 Unit.1 31.This dining-room is___ only by employees of the company. (C) A.to use B.to have used C.to be used D.for the use 32.This article___ any more.(B) A.need not to be corrected B.doesn't need to be corrected C.needs not to be corrected D.needs not be corrected 33.This magazine is borrowed from the library. You___ all over it.(A) A.shouldn't have scribbled B.ought to not have scribbled C.need not scribbled D.have not to scribble 34.In those days he___ work day and night, with no time to care for his childen.(A) A.would
B.can C.need D.should 35.At the beginning of the twentieth century no one___ have realized the enormous effect that the War was to have.(A) A.could B.must C.should D.ought to 36.There was an organ so large that it had to have seventy men pump the air into the pipe. What a tremendous sound that organ___ !(A) A.must have done B.have done C.makes D.was made 37.Your temperature has dropped, so you ___ take that medicine.（C） A.do not B.must not C.needn't