昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2027 考试科目名称：生物化学（生科院）
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
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考博英语作文实用范文：真人秀 考博英语作文实用范文：真人秀 What emerges into our sights is a familiar yet far-reaching picture that there are a wide range of reality shows in front of a middle-aged man who, half lying on the sofa, is swinging a remote device in his hand with a confused face, wondering which one is the best to choose. The meaning revealed by the picture is that reality shows have hit into our common cultural market. On the one hand, not only does this sort of consumer culture drives the improvement of cultural industry, but also it exerts a strong influence on our daily life, such as being informed of local customs and folklore from place to place, relieving the pressure derived from our working class’regular work and so on. On the other hand, it is the wide spread of this form of entertainment that makes it difficult to present the real, cultural contents but only stays in the half-hearted nature. What’s worse, what the increasing imitative behaviors brings about, to a new high, is the national over-consumption. As for me, the type of reality shows is a special product of the economic and social development that produces more benefits but less adverse impact. However, it is imperative for us, common people, to take a rational yet responsible attitude to the life we lead, especially the kind of activity we are obsessed with.
2018考博英语写作各部分万能模板 开头万能模板： 1．开头万能模板一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2．开头万能模板二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能模板： 1．结尾万能模板一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型：
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
《数据库原理》上机实验报告 专业：自动化、测控 学号： 姓名： 班级： 指导老师：杨彪 昆明理工大学信息工程与自动化学院 2014年12月
一、实验目的与要求： ●熟练使用SQL定义子语言、操纵子语言命令语句 ●掌握关系模型上的完整性约束机制 ●掌握一定的数据库管理技术 ●能完成简单的数据库应用开发 二、实验内容及学时安排（总学时：8） （一）数据定义子语言实验（2学时） 实验1：利用SQL语句创建Employee数据库 程序：create database employee 结果： 实验2：利用SQL语句在Employee数据库中创建人员表person、月薪表salary 及部门表dept。 要求：按表1、表达、表3中的字段说明创建 表1 person表结构 字段名数据类型字段长度允许空否字段说明 P_no Char 6 Not Null 工号，主键 P_name Varchar 10 Not Null 姓名 Sex Char 2 Not Null 性别 Birthdate Datetime 8 Null 出生日期 Prof Varchar 10 Null 职称 Deptno Char 4 Not Null 部门代码，外键（参照dept表） 表2 salary表结构 字段名数据类型字段长度允许空否字段说明 P_no Char 6 Not Null 工号，主键，外键（参照person表）Base Dec 5 Null 基本工资 Bonus Dec 5 Null 奖金，要求>50 Fact Dec 5 Null 实发工资=基本工资+奖金Month Int 2 Not Null 月份 表3 dept表结构 字段名数据类型字段长度允许空否字段说明 Deptno Char 4 Not Null 部门代码，主键，
2020考博英语作文实用范文三篇 【篇一】2020考博英语作文实用范文 Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritages Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and Confucius- commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without heir physical form of existence, they are in greater risk of extinction. 如同长城、故宫之类的物质文化遗产一样，像京剧和祭孔仪式这类非物质文化遗产，也同样至关重要。 我们应不遗余力地去保护非物质遗产，因为它们在不具备物质存有的条件下，失传的可能性更加岌岌可危。 According to UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore, performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题 考试科目代码：2019 考试科目名称：水力学 考生答题须知 1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。 请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。 2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。 3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。 4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。 一、填空题（每空2分，共10分） 1. 直径为1m的管道中的水流，其水力半径为。 2. 水泵进口真空计的读数为2 / KN p k ，则该处的相对压强水头为 m。 24m 5. 3. 流线上各质点的都与该线相切。 4. 当液流为流时，流线与迹线重合。 5.用于判断急流和缓流的重要的无量纲数是。 二、选择题（每题2分，共20分） 1.粘滞底层厚度δ比绝对粗糙度Δ大得多的壁面称为（）。 (A) 水力光滑面 (B) 过渡粗糙面 (C) 水力粗糙面 (D) 水力半粗糙面 2. 共轭水深是指（）。 (A) 水跃的跃前水深与跃后水深 (B) 均匀流水深 (C) 溢流坝下游水流收缩断面水深 (D) 临界水深 3. 在明渠中不可能发生的流动是（）。 (A) 恒定均匀流 (B) 恒定非均匀流 (C) 非恒定均匀流 (D) 非恒定非均匀流 4. 已知液体流动的沿程水力摩擦系数与边壁相对粗糙度和雷诺数Re都有关，即可以判断该液体流动属于（）。 (A) 层流区 (B) 紊流光滑区 (C) 紊流过渡粗糙区 (D)紊流粗糙区 5. 突然完全关闭管道末端的阀门，产生直接水击。已知水击波速c=1000m/s，水击压强水头H = 250m，则管道中原来的流速v0为（）。 (A) 1.54m (B) 2.0m (C) 2.45m (D) 3.22m 6. 闸孔出流的流量Q与闸前水头H的（）成正比。 (A) 1次方 (B) 2次方 (C) 3/2次方 (D) 1/2次方 7.液体中某点的绝对压强为100kN/m2，则该点的相对压强为（）。 （A）1 kN/m2（B）2 kN/m2（C）5 kN/m2（D）10 kN/m2 8.一段管道直径不变，但流速从2m/s增加到4m/s时，在水流都处于紊流粗糙区时，沿程水损失是原来的（）倍 （A）1 （B）2（C） 2 （D） 4 昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
华中科技大学2018年博士研究生 入学考试试题 完型较难，阅读题库只看到两篇，翻译较简单。 一、完型选择（0.5分*20=10分） 关于对川普的评价，较难，没怎么看懂 二、阅读理解（四篇阅读、每篇5道题，2分*20=40分） 前两篇是题库里GRE的，后两篇没印象，感觉难度与GRE差不多，看过的同学请补充。 第一篇 The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others. The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention—that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the
昆明理工大学信息工程与自动化学院学生实验报告 （2016 —20 17 学年第二学期） 课程名称：生物医学信号处理开课实验室：设备编号：实验日期：2018年5月30日 一、实验目的 1、对心电信号的记录、处理、心电信号的特点、心电信号的噪声抑制，工频干扰的抑制与基线纠漂有总体了解。 2、能利用MATLAB GUI设计简单的GUI程序。 二、实验原理 1、心电信号的特点： 心电信号具有近场检测的特点，离开人体表微小的距离，就基本上检测不到信号；心电信号通常比较微弱，至多为mV量级，且能量主要在几百赫兹以下；干扰即来自生物体内，如肌电干扰、呼吸干扰等，也来自生物体外，如工频干扰，信号拾取时因不良接地等引入的其他外来干扰等；干扰信号与心电信号本身频带重叠（如工频干扰等）。 2、工频干扰抑制：现在使用较多的方法是使用滤波器对工频干扰进行抑制。 3、基线漂移：基线漂移是因呼吸、肢体活动或运动心电图测试所引起的，故这样使得ECG信号的基准线呈现上下飘逸的情况。 三、实验内容 1、对心电信号处理 主程序：
clear;close all;clc; load 100_ECG_0_20 //加载心电信号 %%%Eliminate Baseline Drift //消除基线漂移 s1=ECG_2; //把心电信号ECG-2赋给s1 s2=smooth(s1,150); //利用移动平均法对s1做平滑处理 ecgsmooth=s1-s2; //消除基线漂移 %%%apply Wavelet Transform //应用小波变换 [C,L]=wavedec(ecgsmooth,8,'db4'); //用db4对ecgsmooth进行8层分解，其中返回的近似和细节都存放在C中，L存放是近似和各阶细节系数对应的长度（阶数为4阶） [d1,d2,d3,d4,d5,d6,d7,d8]=detcoef(C,L,[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]); //提取小波的细节系数%%%Denoise //降噪，消除干扰 [thr,sorh,keepapp]=ddencmp('den','wv',ecgsmooth); //返回小波除噪和压缩后的信号cleanecg=wdencmp('gbl',C,L,'db4',8,thr,sorh,keepapp);//通过门限阈值处理得到小波系数（执行降噪操作） %%%thresholding1 //取阈值 max_value=max(cleanecg); //最大值（波峰） mean_value=mean(cleanecg); //最小值（波谷） threshold=(max_value-mean_value)/2; //最大值与最小值差的一半作为阈值 %%%R detection algorithm//用R检测算法检测信号 a5=appcoef(C,L,'db4',5);//取分解后的近似部分，也就是第5层低频系数 C1=[a5;d5;d4;d3]; // L1=[length(a5);length(d5);length(d4);length(d3);length(cleanecg)]; R_detect_signal=waverec(C1,L1,'db4'); //用二维小波分解的结果C1，L1重建信号 R_detect_squared=R_detect_signal.^2; //对R检测信号求平方 %%%Beat_Rate_Extraction_Algorithm //计算心率 for a=1:length(R_detect_squared) if R_detect_squared(a)>threshold R_detect_new(a)=R_detect_squared(a); Else R_detect_new(a)=0; end end mean_R_detect=5*mean(R_detect_new); for q=1:length( R_detect_new)-1 if R_detect_new(q) 2018考博英语作文万能句型 开头 1：It is well-known to us that……(我们都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …( 就我所知…) 2：Recently the problem of……has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……问题引起了关注) 3：Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题) 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题) 5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……(随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……) 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……(人们一般认为……) 2018考博英语作文万能句型：给出原因 1：The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子(...的原因是...) 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三…… 3：For one thing,……For another thing，……==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面…… 4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。 2018考博英语作文万能句型：解决问题 1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，…… 3;It is obvious that……很显然…… 4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着…… 5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视…… 6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明…… 2018考博英语作文万能句型：表示优劣 1. It has the following advantages. 它有如下优势。 2. It is beneficial/harmful to us.=It is of great benefit/harm to us. 它对我们有益处。 3. It has more disadvantages than advantage. 他有很多不足之处。 2018考博英语作文万能句型：采取措施 1. We should take some effective measures. 我们应该采取有效措施。 2. We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties. 我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难。 3. We should do our utmost in doing sth. 我们应该尽力去做…… 4. We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难2018考博英语作文万能句型：显示变化 1. Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 过去五年发生了很多变化。 2. Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications. 在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化。 3. It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…。 4. The output of July in this factory increased by 15%. 这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%。2018考博英语作文万能句型：表明事实 2018年中山大考博英语真题 Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet. 31. The secretary was harshly——by her boss for misplacing some important files. A) rebuked B）teased C) washed D) accused 32. The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers’ small airplane. A) Involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved 33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their, quality. A) Indistinctive B) indisputable C) indispensable D) indistinguishable 34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in English. A) Signify B) specify C) clarify D) testify 35. I must you on your handling of a very difficult situation. A) meditate B) complement C) elaborate D) compliment 36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem. A) deduce B) notify C) highlight D) pinpoint 37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _ A) abolition B) demolition C) disruption D) dismantling 38.Having decided to rent a flat, we____ contacting all the accommodation dt, agencies in the city. A) set out B) set to C) set about D) set off 39. The police decided to the department store after they had received a bomb warning. A) evict B) expel C) abandon D) evacuate 40. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn't need to your authority so often, A) affirm B) restrain C) assert D) maintain 41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it. A) eliminate B) terminate C) illuminate D) alleviate 42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations. A) implement B) endowment C) enforcement D) engagement 43. The rebel army __ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly. A) overthrew B) overtook C) overturned D) overruled 44. Judges are ____increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences A). B) demanding C) imparting D) imposing 45. The of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity. A) variety B) scarcity C) solidarity D) commodity 46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area. A) guard B) care C) alert D) alarm 2018考博英语热点材料作文范文：教育类 1. 观点论述 （1）青少年教育 Parents should be sensible enough to（充分意识至U） give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing（经历）more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability（强大白勺个，性和能力）,and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world. 父母应该充分意识到：应当给予孩子更多的自由去处理麻烦和问题。只有在困境中经历更多的挑战^艰辛，年轻人才能培养出强大的个性和能力，只有这样, 他们才能在充满竞争的世界中成为胜者。 Many parents exert every effort（竭尽全力）to arrange everything for their children,depriving them of（录!|夺）the opportunities to undergo frustration and ordeaIsW）?） and learn from them so that their grownup children can not deal with the stress from the competitive world and even become the so called "NEETs"（啃老族）. 2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c 2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更 正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心 PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends. 2020考博英语作文热点话题预测及范文：真人秀 What emerges into our sights is a familiar yet far-reaching picture that there are a wide range of reality shows in front of a middle-aged man who, half lying on the sofa, is swinging a remote device in his hand with a confused face, wondering which one is the best to choose. The meaning revealed by the picture is that reality shows have hit into our common cultural market. On the one hand, not only does this sort of consumer culture drives the improvement of cultural industry, but also it exerts a strong influence on our daily life, such as being informed of local customs and folklore from place to place, relieving the pressure derived from our working class’ regular work and so on. On the other hand, it is the wide spread of this form of entertainment that makes it difficult to present the real, cultural contents but only stays in the half-hearted nature. What’s worse, what the increasing imitative behaviors brings about, to a new high, is the national over-consumption. As for me, the type of reality shows is a special product of the economic and social development that produces more benefits but less adverse impact. However, it is imperative for us, common people, to take a rational yet responsible attitude to the life we lead, especially the kind of activity we are obsessed with. 人工智能及其应用 结课报告 课程名称：人工智能及其应用 论文名称：文本分类 学院：信息工程与自动化学院 专业年级： 指导老师：王剑 姓名： 学号： 目录 摘要 (3) 一、绪论 (4) 二、分类器的设计 (4) 三、文本分类流程图 (5) 四、算法介绍 (5) 五、算法实现 (7) 1、程序流程 (9) 2、关键代码 (9) 3、程序运行结果 (13) 六、心得体会 (13) 参考文献 (14) 摘要 21世纪是一个信息时代，信息传递中必然有很多没有用的信息，本文就如何在庞大而又纷繁芜杂的文本中掌握最有效的信息进行了阐述。为了对文本进行有效地分类，在分类过程中需要一个算法优良的文本分类器，本文将讲述Rocchio、Na?ve Bayes(朴素贝叶斯)、KNN（K最近邻）、SVM、Decision Tree(决策树)、ANN（人工神经网络）等算法的设计流程，最后将用朴素贝叶斯算法来进行简单的实现一个本文的分类，更详细的讲述文本分类的具体流程。 关键词：信息时代；文本；分类器；算法；实现 一、绪论 在Internet 高速发展的今天，到处都是各种类型的信息，包括文本信息，声音信息，图像信息等等。如何在庞大而又纷繁芜杂的文本中掌握最有效的信息始终是信息处理的一大目标。基于人工智能技术的文本分类系统能依据文本的语义将大量的文本自动分门别类，从而更好的帮助人们把握文本信息。近年来，文本分类技术已经逐渐与搜索引擎、信息推送、信息过滤等信息处理技术相结合，有效地提高了信息服务的质量。 文本分类在现在的生活中是必不可少的，我们每天都在接收文本信息，比如邮件、短信等等，但是这些很多都是没有用的信息，或是垃圾信息，如果每个信息都要我们去看，这就太浪费时间了，这是我们就需要文本分来来帮助我们，将没有用的信息自动屏蔽。那么我们就要有个算法能自动识别哪些是有用的文本，哪些是没用文本，不能随便分类，把有用的信息当成没用的信息，那就适得其反了。 二、分类器的设计 1、设计思路 要进行文本分类，一开始肯定要给机器一个学习的过程，给定一个文本训练集，也就是说给定一个分好类的文本给机器取学习。然后将训练集的特征提取出来，主要提取的是词和该词的权重。 2、分类流程： ① 用向量空间模型来表示文本),;...,;,;,(332211n n i W T W T W T W T V ② 特征选择 降维： 真实网页中出现的词汇数量是十分巨大的，这导致表示网页的向量空间的维数也相当大，用于表示网页的向量可以达到几万维。这几万个词汇对于分类的意义是不同的，一些通用的、在各个类别中普遍出现的词不仅对于分类贡献小，而且还影响系统的性能，因此，我们需要对向量空间进行降维。通过降维，我们可以保留那些对分类2018考博英语作文万能句型
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