人教版八年级下英语各单元重难点归纳
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
本单元考点，重点三个：一、询问身体不适并给出建议的句型
二、v.-ing形式的非谓语动词
三、反身代词
一、询问身体不适并给出建议的句型：
(一)对“身体不适”的提问：“怎么了？”
1、What’s the matter (with you)?
2、What’s the trouble (with you)?= 3.What’s your trouble?
4、What’s wrong(with you)?
5、What’s up?
6、What happens to you?
7、What’s the problem(with you)?
(二)、“身体不适”的简要表达：
1、主语+ have/has + a + 病症
(1) I have a cold.= I catch a cold. =I get a cold. =I have the flu.我感冒了。
I have a bad cold.我得了重感冒。
(2) I have a fever.我发烧了。I have a high fever.我发高烧了。
(3) I have a cough.我咳嗽了。
(4) I have a nosebleed.我出鼻血了。
2、主语+ have /has + a + 身体部位-ache
(1) I have a toothache.我牙疼。I have a bad toothache.我牙疼的厉害。
(2) I have a stomachache.我胃疼。
(3) I have a headache.我头疼。
(4) I have a backache.我后背疼。
3、主语+ have/has + a + sore + 发病部位
(1) I have a sore back.我后背疼。
(2) I have a sore throat.我嗓子疼。I have a very sore throat.我嗓子疼的厉害。
(3) I have a sore neck.我脖子疼。
注意：常用sore修饰的词：throat, leg, foot, eye, neck；常加后缀-ache构成的词：head, tooth, stomach, ear；两者都可用的词：back
4、主语+ have/has a pain in/on the + 身体部位
(在里面用in如：肚子疼,头疼；在外伤用on如：膝盖疼)
如：I have a pain in the arm.我胳膊疼。
5、There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位
如：There is something wrong with my stomach. 我肚子不舒服。
6、I cut/ hurt myself. 我割伤/伤了我自己。
7、My head feels very hot.我头摸起来很烫。
8、I can’t move my neck.我不能动我的脖子。
9、I’m not feeling well.=I don’t feel well.我感觉不舒服。
这里well表示身体状况，是adj.不是adv. 不能用good代替。
10、My head hurts badly.我头疼的厉害。
11、Nothing serious./Nothing much.没事。
(三)、对“身体不适”提出建议的表达：
1、You should +动词原形。
(1) You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下来休息。
(2) You should drink some hot tea with honey.你应该喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。
(3)You should see a dentist and get an X-ray.你应该看牙医并且照X光。
(4)You should take your temperature.你应该量体温。
(5)You should put some medicine on it.你应该敷一些药。
(6)You should go home and get some rest.你应该回家得到些休息。
2、You shouldn’t +动词原形。
(1)You shouldn’t eat so much next time.你下次不应该吃这么多。
(2)He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西.
(3)They shouldn’t exercise.他们不应该锻炼。
拓展：
(1)Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗？
(2)What should I do?我该怎么办呢？
(3)What should she do? 她该怎么办呢？
二、v.-ing形式的非谓语动词：
本单元重点：see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事without doing sth.没有做某事think about doing sth.考虑做某事
1、finish doing sth.完成做某事
2、enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
3、practice doing sth.练习做某事
4、mind doing sth.介意做某事
5、keep doing sth.持续做某事
6、imagine doing sth.想象做某事
7、suggest doing sth.建议做某事
8、avoid doing sth.避免做某事
9、consider doing sth.考虑做某事10、feel like doing sth.想要做某事11、be busy doing sth.忙于做某事12、be worth doing sth.值得做某事
13、have fun doing sth.=have a good time doing sth.=enjoy oneself doing sth.做某事高兴
14、spend time / money (in) doing sth.话费事件/金钱做某事
15、have trouble in doing sth.=have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难
16、be good at doing sth.=do well in doing sth.擅长做某事,在某事上干得好
17、thank you for doing sth.感谢你做某事18、give up doing sth.放弃做某事19、stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事20、be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事21、be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣22、instead of doing sth.代替做某事
23、look forward to doing sth.期望做某事
24、be/ get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
25、pay attention to doing sth.集中注意做某事
26、prefer doing to doing sth.与…相比较更喜欢…
三、反身代词：用来表示“某人自己,自身,亲自”
(1)、myself(我自己) (2)、ourselves(我们自己),
(3)、yourself(你自己) (4)、yourselves(你们自己),
(5)、himself(他自己) (6)、herself(她自己)
(7) 、itself(它自己) (8)、themselves(他们自己).
1、作宾语：主宾表同一个人,同一些人或事物
(1)enjoy oneself玩的开心(2)teach oneself=learn by oneself自学
(3)hurt oneself摔伤自己(4)introduce oneself 自我介绍
(5)buy oneself sth.给自己买…东西(6)seat oneself 自己就座
(7)dress oneself 自己穿衣服(8)take care of oneself=look after oneself照顾自己(9)live by oneself 独居(10) make oneself at home 让某人感到宾至如归
如：He is teaching himself English.他自学英语。
He lives by himself in the country.他自己一个人生活在乡下。
2、不能单独做主语，但是可以做主语和宾语的同位语“某人自己”,起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。Myself can finish my homework.(错)
I myself can finish my homework.= I can finish my homework myself.(正)
(1)、Did you make the cake yourself?
(2)、The work itself is easy. (3)、Did you see Mr. Wang himself?
不能表示“某人的东西”因为它没有所有格形式，表达“某人自己的(东西)”时,须用one’s own
如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。I’m drawing with myself crayons.(错)
I’m drawing with my own crayons.
3、作表语be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。
(1)I’m not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。
(2)I am feeling myself again. 我觉得健康如昔。
4、固定短语中
(1)Help oneself 随便吃吧(2)Make yourself at home.别客气,请自便。
(3)come to oneself 苏醒(4)leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
(5)say to oneself 自言自语(6)buy oneself sth. 给自己买…东西
四、重点知识点：
(P1)1、foot---feet 脚 <复> tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>
on foot 步行neck and neck 不相上下,势均力敌
put one’s hand up 举手hand in 上交hand on 转交hand out 分发
2、talk too much 讲话太多
动词+ too much …太多
too much + 不可数名词太多的…
much too +形/副实在太…极其，非常
too many + 可数名词复数太多的…
3、drink enough water 喝足够的水
enough adj. 放名词前后均可，常放后面
enough water 足够的水enough food 足够的食物
adv. old enough 足够大hard enough 足够努力
(P2)4、advice n. 不可数名词建议,忠告,劝
some/ much/ a lot of/lots of advice a piece of advice
give sb. advice on sth.
advise v. 建议advise doing sth.建议做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事5、lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息
(1)lie ①v.躺,位于---lay(过去式)---lain(过去分词)---lying(现在分词)
如：The girl lying on the road is my teacher. 躺在马路上的那个女孩是我的老师。
②v.说谎---lied(过去式)---lied(过去分词)---lying(现在分词)
如：A half truth is often no better than a lie.半真半假的话不见得比说谎要好。
③n.谎言可数名词He told a big lie.他撒了一个弥天大谎。
(2)rest n./ v. have a rest 休息rest for a few days 休息几天
6、see a dentist 看牙医see a doctor 看医生
7、get an X-ray 照X光
8、take one’s temperature 量体温
9、put some medicine on sth. 在…上面敷一些药
10、feel very hot 摸起来很烫
11、have a headache 头疼have a lot of headaches 经常头疼
12、on the weekend 在周末all weekend 整个周末on weekdays 在周一到周五
13、sound like 听起来像+ n. 或从句
sound + adj. 系表结构
14、take breaks 休息take a break 休息
break n.休息v.打破,违反,使…破裂broke v.过去式broken adj.破损的
15、in the same way 以同样的方式
16、without doing sth. 没做某事伴随状语
17、hurt v. (使)疼痛,受伤hurt v.过去式hurtful adj. 伤感情的
(P3)18、a bus driver 一名公交车司机
19、save an old man 挽救一位老人save a life 挽救生命
20、go along 沿着…走
21、see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事
22、on the side of the road 在马路边
23、shout for help 大声呼救
24、without doing sth.没做某事without thinking twice 没有多想
25、get off 下车get on 上车
26、have a heart problem 有心脏病
27、act quickly 快些行动
28、take the man to the hospital 带那个男人去医院take sb. to sp.带某人去某地
29、expect sb. to do sth. 预料某人去做某事
30、wait for…等待…
31、to one’ s surprise使…惊讶的是
surprise sb.令某人吃惊be surp rised at…/ that 从句吃惊于…
32、agree to do sth. 同意做某事
agree with sb. 同意某人的观点agree on sth.在某事上达成一致
33、thanks to 多亏了;由于
34、in time 及时on time 准时按规定的时间行事,不迟也不早
35、think about doing sth. 考虑做某事
36、hit an old man 撞了一位老人
hit v. hit -- hit --- hit (用手或器具)打,击打
The boy hit the dog with a stone. 那个男孩用石头打了那条狗。
(1)hit sb. on the head/ nose/back 打某人的头,鼻子,后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位；
(2)hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸,眼睛,肚子, in 用在所打较软的部位。
37、right away 立刻;马上=right now =at once=in a minute
38、get into trouble 造成麻烦
(1)be in trouble 有困难,陷入困境,遇到麻烦
如：He always asks me for help when he is in trouble.
当他遇到麻烦的时候,他总是向我求助。
(2)get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境
如：If you come, you may get me into trouble.如果你来的话,你可能使我陷入困境。
(3)have trouble (in) doing sth. 某人在做某事方面有困难
=have difficulties(in)doing sth.= have problems doing sth.
如：I have no trouble (in) finding his office. 我在找到他办公室方面没麻烦。
(4)trouble sb. 打扰某人trouble about …为…费心trouble to do sth.费心做某事
make the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或不怕麻烦去做某事
make trouble to do sth.尽心尽力或费心心血去做某事
39、get out of 离开;从……出来
(P4)40、hurt oneself 受伤
hurt 及物动词“使…受伤”hurt --- hurt --- hurt
He hurt his leg while exercising.他运动的时候使他的腿受伤了。
不及物动词“(部位)疼”His leg hurt badly.他的腿疼的厉害。
41、fall down 摔倒fall down from… 从…跌落=fall off… fall on him 掉落在他身上
如：The dog fell down dead.那条狗倒下去死了。
The boy fell off the bike. 那个男孩从自行车生摔了下来。
(P5)42、put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎bandage v.用绷带包扎n.绷带
43、run it under water 在水流下冲洗
44、press the sides of your nose按压你鼻子的两边
45、put your head down把你的头低下put your head back把你的头后仰
46、feel sick 感到恶心
sick adj.“有病的”即可做表语也可作定语 a sick man 一个病人be sick/ ill 生病ill adj.“有病的”只能做表语adj.“坏的”=bad“有害的”=harmful却只能做定语,不能做表语ill news 坏消息ill luck 运气不好ill health 身体不好
ill adj.“有病的”--- illness n. “疾病”
表示“病人”时,只能说the sick 而不能说the ill
47、cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖cut --- cut --- cut v. 切n.伤口
48、get hit on the head 头部受到撞击
(P6) 49、mountain climbing 登山运动(名词短语)
climb mountains 爬山(动词短语) climb down the mountain 爬下山(动词短语) climb v.爬climber n.登山者,攀登者
50、have problems breathing 呼吸困难
(1)breathe /bri:e / v.呼吸It’s good to breathe fresh air.呼吸新鲜空气有好处。
(2)breath /breθ/ n.呼吸
常用短语：take a deep breath 深呼吸hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
He took a deep breath and dived into the water.他深深吸了一口气,然后潜入水中。51、have problems doing sth.做某事有困难=have difficulties (in) doing sth.
=have trouble (in) doing sth.
52、get hit by a ball 被球击中
53、get sunburned 晒伤
54、hurt our back 伤了我们的后背
55、be/get interested in n./ pron./ doing sth. 对某物/做某事感兴趣
56、be used to taking risks 习惯于冒险
(1)be used to sth./doing sth. 习惯…适应…/习惯做某事(强调状态)
如：His grandpa was used to country life.他的爷爷习惯了乡下的生活。
Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.玛丽不习惯早晨早起。
get used to sth./doing sth.=become used to sth./doing sth.变得习惯,逐渐适应某事/变得习惯,逐渐适应做某事(强调动作,过程)
It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.
对于一个人来说很难适应另一个国家的习俗。
不严格说可以相等：
be used to sth./doing sth. =get used to sth./doing sth.=become used to sth./doing sth.
(2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
(3)use sth. to do sth. 使用…做某事
57、take risks 冒险take a risk 冒险take the risk of doing sth. 冒做某事的风险
risk to do sth. 冒险去做某事
58、lose one’s life 丧命lose too much blood 失血太多
59、because of+n./pron./doing sth. 由于…
60、find himself in a very dangerous situation 发现他自己在一个非常危险的境地
(1)find + 宾语+ 宾语补足语
①find + 宾语+ 形容词(宾语补足语) We found him dishonest.我们发现他不诚实。
②find + 宾语+ 动词-ing形式(宾语补足语)We found him working.我们发现他正在工作。
③find + 宾语+ 副词或介词短语(宾语补足语)
I found the clothes out of style.我发现这些衣服过时了。
(2)in a very dangerous situation 在一个非常危险的境地
in a difficult situation 在困境屮
61、free his arm 把他的手臂解放出来free sb. of/from sth. 某人从某事中摆脱出来
62、run out (of) 用完;用尽 =use up
某物用尽了Sb. run out of sth. 某人用尽了某物He ran out of his money last night.
use up 主语可以是人也可以是物,主语是物是用被动语态
Sth. run out= Sth. be used up Sb. run out of sth.=Sb use up sth.
63、be ready to do sth. 准备做某事be ready for sth. 为…做准备
64、cut off half his right arm 切除他的半边右臂
65、bandage himself 给他自己包扎
66、so that 以便,为了=in order that从句引导目的状语从句,从句中常使用can,
could, may, might, will, would, should等情态动词
如：The got up early so that they could catch the early bus.为了赶上早班车,他们早早起床。
so…that 如此…以至… = too… to…太…而不能…=…enough to ……不够…
so+ adj. +that +主语+can’t do sth.
=too +adj. + to do sth.=not +adj.反义词+enough to do sth.
如：The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.那个男孩小不能上学。
=The boy is too young to go to school.
=The boy is not old enough to go to school.
67、mean v. 意思是,意味着,打算,意欲meant 过去式
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算做某事
如：It means wasting more time.那意味着浪费更多的时间。
I mean to go to the zoo but I forgot.我本打算去动物园,但是我忘记了。mean 的名词形式是meaning 常用以下句型：
What’s the meaning of …?= What do/does …mean?=What do you mean by…?
如：这个单词是什么意思？
What’s the meaning of this word?=What does this word mean?
=What do you mean by this word?
68、the importance of making good decision 做好决定的重要性
the importance of sth./doing sth. 某事的重要性/做某事的重要性
importance n.重要性important adj.重要的unimportant adj.不重要的69、be in control of 掌管;管理
be out of control of 无法掌管,控制...
70、keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事(强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性,常
与表示动态的动词连用,如walk, write, climb等,有时暗指不顾困难而坚持做某事)
keep doing sth. 一直做某事(强调动作的持续性,无停顿,有时也指今后或将来继续做某事) 两者均可表示继续做某事,反复做某事,通常可互换
如：Don’t keep (on) asking such questions!不要老是文这类问题。
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
71、make a decision 做出决定
make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事= decide to do sth.
72、death n. 死亡
(1)die v.死,死亡凋零。它是瞬间动词,不能和表示时间段的状语连用。(died, died 过去式,过去分词dying 现在分词)
(2)dead adj.死的,失去生命的;枯萎的。它表示状态,可以和表示时间段的状语连用。
(3)dying adj.要死的
如：The death of her mother made her sad. 她妈妈的死让她很难过。
The child died from hunger. 那个孩子死于饥饿。
The man died two years ago.= The man was dead for two years.
那个人死两年了。
(P7) 73、go mountain climbing 去爬山
73、mind doing sth.介意做某事
74、have a serious accident 遇到严重的意外
75、give up 放弃
give up 用法：(1)什么也不接(2)+n. (3)+pron. (4)doing sth.
76、talk about health problems谈论健康问题
77、give advice 提建议
give sb some advice on sth.就某事给某人建议
(1) advice 是不可数名词
a piece of advice 一则建议take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议
give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议
如：He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。
(2)advise 是动词
advise doing sth. 建议做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
78、It’s +形+ for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to exercise.锻炼对我来说是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的
五、书面表达：
假如你是Gina, Judy的老师，表格内容是你根据他们的问题提出的一些建议。写一篇60
Gina always feels tired because she likes watching TV. So my advice is that she should go to bed early and she shouldn't watch too much TV so that she can get enough sleep and she will feel energetic next day.
Julie is a bit fat so she should take more exercise and she shouldn't eat too much meat and junk food.
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
本单元考点,重点两个：一、动词短语
二、动词不定式的用法
一、动词短语：
动词之后加介词或副词构成短语,表达一种特定的含义称为动词短语,被拆开,则不能表特定含义。要把这些习惯看作一个整体。
(一)由同一动词组成的短语
1、give 构成的短语
give out 分发give away 赠送give up 放弃give back 归还
2、put 构成的短语put off 推迟put up 张贴put away 放好put out 扑灭
(二)介词或副词相同的短语
1、含有up的短语
cheer up使振作put up张贴clean up清扫give up放弃call up打电话fix up修理come up with 想出cut up 切割set up 用完look up 查找,查阅grow up 长大
2、含有out 的短语
hand out= give out 分发put out 扑灭help out 帮助摆脱困境look out 当心
run out of 用完find out 找出work out 算出,计算出,奏效
3、含有off 的短语
put off 延期take off 脱下,起飞get off 下车turn off 关掉
4、含有after 的短语
take after 长得像look after 照顾run after 追赶
二、动词不定式：
动词不定式结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,是动词不定式符号。
1、作主语：It is +adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……
it 做形式主语to do sth.做真正的主语
It is important for students to use English every day.
对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
2、作表语：常用于be 动词后面
My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
3、作宾语：放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。
I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。
4、作宾语补足语：表示宾语所做的动作。
可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
(1)tell, ask, want, would like, wish, like, invite, help, teach sb. to do sth. 等
I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。
(2)let, make, have, see, watch, notice, feel, hear sb. do sth.等
The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。
(3)动词不定式的否定式,是直接在“to”之前加not, 省略“to”的动词不定式的否定
式是直接在动词前面加not。
Tell them not to play football in the street. 告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。
Let the boy not go.让那个男孩别走。
5、作定语：常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。
(1)Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到达的？
(2)She has no paper to write on.她没有纸写字。
6、作目的状语：常用在go, come, hurry 等不及物动词后,表目的。
(1)He went to see his sister yesterday. 他昨天去看他的妹妹了。
(2)They got up early to catch the early bus.他们早起来赶早班车。
7、不定式和疑问词连用,可以做句子的主语、宾语、表语等。
(1)No one knows how to do it. (宾语)没有人知道如何做这件事。
(2)When and where to have the party is not known.(主语)
何时何地举行联欢会还不知道。
三、重点知识点：
(P9)1、clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
2、offer help 提供帮助
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物
offer to do sth. 主动提出干某事
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物
supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.为某人提供某物
3、volunteer ①可数名词“志愿者” ②adj. 自愿的③vi. 志愿,自愿volunteer to do sth. 志愿(有义务)做某事volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干... They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。
I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。
4、sick adj. 生病的作表语、定语ill adj. 生病的作表语,不能作定语
5、help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事help him with English
help do 帮助做某事help study
6、cheer sb. up (使)变得更高兴;振奋=make…happier cheer me up 使我高兴cheer on 加油,打气
7、give out=hand out 分发;散发
8、after-school study program 课外学习项目
9、write down 写下,记下
(P10)10、City Park Clean-Up Day 城市公园清洁日Clean-Up Day 清洁日
11、come up with 想出,提出= think up/ of
catch up with 赶上...追上...
12、put off 推迟;延迟put off doing sth. 推迟;延迟做某事
13、make a plan 制订计划plan to do 计划做某事plan + 从句
I plan to go to Beijing . = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.我计划去北京。
14、put up 建造;举起;张贴
15、make some notices 做些公告牌
16、call up 打电话;召集make a telephone call 打电话
17、an old people’s home 养老院,老人之家
18、help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
19、used to 曾经… 过去
20、how to care for animal如何照顾动物
21、care for 关心;照顾= take care of = look after care about 关心,在意
22、one day 有一天(指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如：
One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。(P11)23、several hours each week 每周几小时
24、want to be an animal doctor成为兽医
25、future dream job未来梦想的职业
26、such a strong feeling of satisfaction一种极强的满足感
27、get better 变得更好
28、the look of joy愉快的表情
29、on one’s own face在某物主人的脸上
30、a book lover书迷;书籍爱好者
31、read by oneself自读
32、at the age of 4 在…四岁时=when sb. was 4 years old
33、try out 试用;试行try out for ...参加...选拔
34、see in their eyes 从他们的眼中看出
35、go on a different journey with each book 进行一本新书的不同之旅
36、come true 实现
37、at the same time在……的同时
38、work for 为…工作;为…. 效力
39、after-school reading program课外阅读项目
(P12)40、homeless adj. 无家可归的
a homeless boy一个无家可归的男孩home n.adv. 家
41、at least 至少
42、be worried about 对…担忧= worry about
43、make lots of money 赚许多钱
44、in one’s free time在某人空闲时间里
45、spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting . 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
46、for example 比如;例如
47、raise money for homeless people为无家可归的人筹钱;募捐
48、move to another place 搬到另外一个地方
49、one of the countries in Africa非洲国家之一
(P13)50、run out of ...用光,用尽...= don’t have any more of ...
51、take after 与......相像;像在性格或长相方面与...相象
52、be similar to 与……相似
53、fix up 修理;修补;解决
54 、give away 赠送;捐赠
(P14)55、set up 建立;设立
56、disabled people 残疾人disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的disable v. 不能
57、make it possible for sb. to do sth,使某人有可能做某事
58、make a difference to对…有影响
59、have difficulty (in) doing在做某事方面有困难
60、a friend of mine=one of my friends我的一个朋友
61、get a special trained dog获得一只经过特殊训练的狗
train n. 火车train v.n. 训练trainer n.教练员
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
special adj. 特别的specially adv. 特意地,专门地,特别地
62、be/get excited about sth/doing sth对某事（做某事）而感到激动
63、be able to 能够be unable to do 不能,不会
64、be/feel lucky to do sth.幸运的做某事
65、give orders 发出指令
(P16)66、be interested in sth/doing sth对…感兴趣
67、be good at…/do well in…擅长…be strong in …在…方面很强
68、help out as a volunteer 帮忙做一名志愿者
69、be free to do sth 有空做某事
70、work out fine 产生良好的效果
work out v. + adj.
①结局，结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用
71、set up a call-in center for parents为家长开通了一部热线
72、put up some signs asking for old bikes 张贴一些标志来求购旧自行车
【小结】I.短语动词
1、动词+副词如:clean up 打扫turn on/off/up/down 打开/关掉/调高/调低cheer up 使变得高兴hand out/give out 分发,散发give away 赠送wake up 醒来put off 推迟put up 张贴,张挂put away 收好,放好mix up 混合look up 查找pick up 捡起make up 虚构,编造(故事,谎言等) eat up 吃光use up 用完。
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放在短语动词后。
2、动词+介词如：listen to 听look at 看belong to 属于look for寻找care for 照顾,非常喜欢think about 考虑这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3、动词+副词+介词如：come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完，耗尽
4、动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加catch hold of 抓住
II.巧记接动词不定式作宾语的动词
三个希望(hope, wish, expect)两需要(want, need)，设法(try)同意(agree)作准备(prepare), 开始(start, begin)计划(plan)莫忘记(forget),记着(remember)决定(decide)能学会(learn）不定式作宾语补足语时,宾语与不定式构成复合宾语,宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。常用此结构的有advise/ ask /want/tell/ allow/ encourage/ invite/ would like/ expect/ need/ wish sb. to do sth.
感官动词如feel, see, hear, watch, notice, listen to, look at 等以及使役动词make, have, let 等在跟不定式作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to：
记牢宾补不带to，一感、二听要仔细。三让四看记心间，半个帮助最相宜。
(一感:feel; 二听:hear, listen to; 三让:let, make, have; 四看:see, watch, look at, notice; 半个帮助:help,可带to也可不带)
四.书面表达：
假如你叫李华，市第三中学初三的学生。星期天你和班里的同学去康乐敬老院(old folk’s home) 参加了社区活动。请根据下面的图画的提示词语，用英语写一篇100词左右的日记。可合理想象，适当发挥。
提示词语：take the school bus, greet sb warmly, be pleased with sb, have lunch together
Sunday Fine
Today, we took the school bus to Kang Le old folk’s home. The old people greeted us warmly and they were very pleased to see us. We helped them do a lot of things in the old folk’s home. We s wept the floor for them, we cleaned the windows and we also cleaned the desk. Some girls danced for them and we enjoyed ourselves that day. Finally, we had lunch together with the old people and the dishes were very delicious.
As the students in Grade Nine in No.3 Middle School, we like the activity very much. And I think it’s our duty to help the old people, do you think so?
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
本单元考点,重点二个：一、如何礼貌地提出请求和征求别人的许可及回答。
二、“the +比较级,the+比较级”句型。
一、礼貌地提出请求和征求别人的许可及回答：
(一)表示礼貌地提出请求：---请你做某事好吗？
1、Could you please do sth.?/ Could you do sth.?
如：Could you please clean your room?你能整理一下你的房间吗？
Yes, Sure./ Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework first.
2、Would you please do sth.? /Would you do sth.?
肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. /No problem./ I’d love to. / I’d glad to.
否定回答：Sorry. / I’d love to, but I have to …/I must…/I should…
要求别人做某事客气句型补充：
1.Would you like to do sth.? 你想做某事吗？
2.I wonder if you would do sth.?我想知道是否你要做某事？
3.Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？
(二)、请求许可：---我/我们做某事好吗？
1、Could I/ we please do sth.?
如：Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
Sure./ Cerainly./ Of course./ No, you can’t. I have to go out.
2、Could I/ we do sth.?
肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. /No problem./ Yes, you can.
否定回答：Sorry. / No, you can’t./ you have to …/You must…/You should…first.
注意：在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can 的过去式。以上句子中用could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。
如：Could/ Can/ May I use your car for a day?
作允答可以各种各样:
ny I use your car for a day?
如同意可以说Yes，或Sure或Certainly，还可说Yes，（do）please或Of course．you may/can). 或That's OK/all right.
如不同意, 可以说I’m sorry you can’t．或I’m really sorry, but I have to use it today.
要避免说No, you can’t．这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
二、“the +比较级,the+比较级”句型。
“the +比较级,the+比较级”意为“越……越……”,表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。
1、相当于比较状语从句,后一个为主句。
The more I read the book, the more I liked it.这本书我越看越喜欢。
2、相当于条件状语从句,后一个为主句,从句不可用将来时。
The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll be back.你出发得越早,回来得就越早。
二、重点知识点：
(P17)1. could you please do sth.? 你能……吗？/ 请你干……好吗？
2. do the dishes=wash the dishes 洗餐具
3.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
4. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
do some washing = wash clothes= do the laundry 洗衣服
5. sweep the floor 清扫地板
6. make your/the bed 铺床
7. clean the living room 清扫客厅
8. do the chores 做杂务
9. no problem 没问题
(P18)10. go out for dinner 出去吃晚饭
make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭
11. go to the movies 去看电影
12.stay out late 呆到很晚stay out until nine 呆到9点
13. get a ride 搭车give me a ride to town 车送我到镇上
wash the car 刷车
14.work on 从事,忙于
work at 学习,致力于,在……上下工夫
15. help out with a few things 帮助做些事情
16. at least 至少
17. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
18. two hours of TV 看两个小时的电视
19. be/ come back from shopping 购物回来
20. any minute/ second/ moment now 随时;马上
21. pretty clean and tidy 相当干净而整洁
(P19)22. be angry with sb. 对某人生气be angry at sth.因某事而生气
23. solve the problem 解决问题
24. welcome sb. 欢迎某人
25. come home from school/ work 放学/下班回家
26. throw down my bag 扔下我的书包
27. the minute/ as soon as / the moment 一……就……
28. sit down 坐下
29. come over 过来
30. take the dog for a walk= walk dog 遛狗take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
31. replied angrily 生气地回答
32. watch one show 观看一个节目
33. all the time 一直;总是
all day/evening=the whole day/evening 整日/夜
34.never help out around the house 从没帮助做家务
34. shout back 大声回应
35. walk away 走开
36. ask in surprise 惊讶地问
37. share the housework 分担家务
38. a clean and comfortable home 一个干净又舒适的家
39. neither of us 我们两个都不
(P20)40. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
41. hang out with my friends 和我朋友一起闲逛
42. pass sb. sth.=pass sth to sb 把某物传递给某人
pass me the salt= pass the salt to me 把盐递给我
43. borrow sth. from sb. =borrow sb. sth. 从某人那里借某物(借入)
lend sth. to sb. =lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人(借出)
borrow some money 借一些钱
You can borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱。
Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？
44. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
45. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事
46. help sb. (to ) do /with sth帮助某人干某事
47. bring a tent 带顶帐篷来
(P21)48. buy some drinks and snacks 买些饮料和零食
49. go to the store 去商店
50. invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。
invite sb to a place 邀请某人去一个地方
51. have a test 考试
(P22)52. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
53. enough stress from school 来自于学校的足够的压力
54. a waste of time 浪费时间
55. spend their time on schoolwork 花时间在学业上
56. in order to do sth. 为了做……
57. get good grades 取得好成绩get better grades 取得较好的成绩
58. get into a good university 进好大学
59. there is no need for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说没必要做……
60. mind (not) doing sth. 介意(不)做某事
61. depend on 依赖;依靠
62. develop children’s independence 养成孩子的独立（习惯）
63. look after=take care of=care for 照顾；照看
look after …well=take good care of… 好好照顾…
64. the idea of fairness 公平意识
65. do one’ s part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事
66. have no idea how to take care of himself 不知道怎样照料自己
67. as a result 因此as a result of 由于……的结果
68. fall ill 生病
69. grades dropped 成绩下降
(P23)70. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事
disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见
(P24)71. it’s fair for children to do something对于孩子来说,做…是公平的
it’s unfair for children to do something对于孩子来说,做…是不公平的
72. use one's computer 使用某人的电脑
四．书面表达:
某报社就青少年与父母关系这一话题开展题为how to keep good relationship with parents的征文，请你根据以下要点，写一篇90词左右的英语短文参加此次活动。
1.父母规矩太多、过于强调学习成绩、不理解自己等问题
2.你对这些问题的看法
3. 你与父母保持良好关系的做法
How to keep good relationship with parents？
In my opinion, I have too many rules at home. I can’t go out with my friends at night. And they pay too much attention to my exam results. I think my parents don't quite understand me.
However, I try my best to understand them. I know that it is because they really love me and want me to get into a good university and have a bright future.
In order to keep good relationship with my parents, I must study hard, listen to them, talk to them as friends, tell them my troubles, and help them do more housework.
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
本单元考点,重点二个：一、提建议的方式
二、连词until, so that, although的用法。
一、提建议的句型：
1、Why don’t you do sth.?你为什么不做某事呢？
=Why not do sth.?为什么不做某事呢？
如：Why don’t you ask the teacher for help?=Why not ask the teacher for help?
你为什么不向老师求助呢？
Why don 't you forge t about it?=why not forget about it?
你为什么不忘掉它呢？
2、Would you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事吗？
如：Would you mind opening the door?你介意打开门吗？
3、Would you like to do sth.?你想做某事吗？
如：Would you like to watch TV?你想看电视吗？
4、Will/Would you please do sth? 请你做某事好吗？
5、Sb. should do sth.某人应该做某事。
如：He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s s orry.
他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。
You shouldn’t do sth.你不应该做某事。
如：You shouldn’t copy others’ homework.你不应该抄别人的作业。
Life shouldn’t just be about grades. 生活不应该仅仅与成绩有关。
6、You’d better do/not do sth.你最好做某事。
7、You could do sth.你可以做某事。
You couldn’t do sth.你不可以做某事。
8、What about doing sth.?=How about doing sth.?做某事怎么样？
如：What about going for a picnic?去野餐怎么样？
9、Shall we/I do sth?我们做某事好吗？
10、Let’s do sth.让我们做某事吧！
●同意对方的建议时，一般用
①Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意
②OK/ All right./ Great. 好/ 行/太好了
③Yes, please ./I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意
④I agree with you. 我同意你的看法
⑤No problem. 没问题
⑥Sure/ Of course/ Certainly. 当然可以
⑦Yes, I think so. 对，我也这样想
●对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：
①I don’t think so 我认为不是这样②Sorry, I can’t 对不起，我不能③I’d love to, but… ④I’m afraid… 我愿意，但恐怕……
二、连词until, so that, although的用法：
1、until可用作介词或连词,意为“到……时候为止”、“到……时候才”或“在……时候以前不”。什么情况下表达什么意思,关键要看(主)句中的谓语动词是终止性动词还是延续性动词。
(1)如果(主)句中的谓语动词是终止性动词,应采用“…not…until…”结构,意为“……
到……时候才……”。
You mustn’t eat anything until you see the doctor.看过医生之后,你才能吃东西。Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.车停稳了以后再下车。
(2)如果(主)句中的谓语动词是延续性动词,那么谓语动词用肯定式或否定式,它们所表达的意思有所不同。
①如果谓语动词为肯定式,则until译为“到……时候为止”。
I watched TV until she came back.我看电视一直到她回来。
②如果谓语动词为否定式,则until应译为“到……时候才”,即“在……以前不”。
I did not watch TV until she came back.
(=I began to watch TV when/after she came back.)直到她回来我才开始看电视。(3)用终止性动词作谓语时,until既可以和not连用,又可以和never, nobody, nothing, few,
little, seldom, hardly等含否定意义的词连用。
I had not seen him until 1990.(=I had never seen him until 1990.)
1990年以前我从未见过他。
Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
(=Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.)今日事,今日毕。
2、so that可引导目的状语从句,意为“以便,目的是”。so that后面的从句中谓语动词用may, can, should等情态动词。也可引导结果状语从句,没有情态动词时,意为“以致”。He got up very early so that he could catch the train.
他起得很早以便能赶上火车。(目的状语从句)
He raised his voice, so that everyone heard him.
他提高了声音,结果大家都听见了。(结果状语从句)
3、although表示“虽然”时,不要根据汉语习惯,在后面使用连词but,不过有时它可与yet, still, nevertheless等副词连用。
他虽然年纪很到了,但还很强壮。
正：Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.
误：Although he is very old, but he is quite strong.
Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal. 虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。三、重点知识点：
(P25)1. talk to sb. 与某人交谈
2. study too much 学得过多
3. get enough sleep 有足够的睡眠