领先商务英语阅读 第一册答案

商务英语Unit1部分答案1. Why is business believed to be exciting, important and necessary?Because it combines the science and the art of business with many other subjects, such as economics, geography, history, language, culture, laws, and so on.2. What does business mean traditionally and nowadays?Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed. Today, In general, business refers to all such efforts within a society or within an industry.3. How many most common types of business are there? And what are they?Individuals or companies provide the organized efforts, for a profit, goods or services that satisfy the society’s needs.4. What is the difference between business and a business?The three most common are manufacturing firms, merchandisers, and service enterprises.5. In what way does a corporation raise money for its expansion?In general, business refers to all such efforts within a society or within an industry. However, a business is particular organization engaged in the above-mentioned activities.6. What is a joint venture? Find some examples in china.By offering stock publicly, it enables anyone with some money to buy the stock and become a part-owner of the company.1. Different states or groups can combine to enlarge their markets.2. Government officials who travel on business are given traveling allowances.3. We had to hire maids through an agency .4. He does wholesale business, while his brother is engaged in retail business.5. Chinese grammar is a thing different in nature from English grammar.6. The town council passed a law forbidding the distribution of handbills.7. Establish your policies, constantly monitor prices and operating costs to insure profit.8. I never remember having come across a man like that.9. We just can't find enough good second-hand cars to satisfy demand.1. That factory has the capacity to manufacture ten tons of wool into cloth every day.2. Prices of the ice-boxes in that supermarket ranged from 100 dollars to 1,000 dollars each.3. When you are playing a game, you must try to find an advantage over your opponent.4. I’m sorry, that style of coat is completely out of stock in your size.5. Workers are not allowed to speed up their production at the expense of the quality.6. Many people are fond of combining a holiday with learning a new skill.7. Awards provide an incentive for young people to improve their skills.8. When I was in Paris on business last week, I came across an old friend of mine.1. Business is exciting because it combines the science and the art of business with many other subjects, such as economics, geography, history, language, culture, laws, and so on.商务令⼈兴奋是因为它把科学和商业艺术与许多其他学科结合在⼀起，像经济学、地理、历史、语⾔、⽂化、法律等等。

Business EnglishExtensive Reading (1)商务英语阅读（1）Ⅰ. Reading ComprehensionPart One : Directions: Choose the correct answers according to the information given from the passeges. Read the passages through carefully before making your choices. Please mark the corresponding leter for each item on Answer Sheet.Passage One: Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage．The popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, a leading brand of bottled water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada．Arthur Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America．As a boy，he spent time in the larger cities of Italy，France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily．Even then，he kept a water journal，writing down the brands he liked best．“My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,”he says．But is plain tap water a11 that bad? Not at a11．In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than 100 years was recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity．Similarly，a magazine in England found that tap water tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water．Nevertheless，soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share．As diners thirst for leading brands, soft-drink companies and restaurants salivate(垂涎)over the profits．A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it's often 300 to 500 percent．As a result some restaurants are selling bottled water．According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell，listing brands on the menu without prices，and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want itRegardless of how it's sold，the popularity of bottled water bring us better health and purity. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上作答。

Unit 1 GlobalizationPart I Business VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.1 There are too many examples in aviation and other _____ B _____ of what has happened to companies that have tried to do that.A sectionsB sectorsC segmentsD components2 It would not _______ A ________ earlier mistakes such as attempting to enter the train or boat-building business.A repeatB makeC recognizeD produce3 He is impressed, he says, by the way in which oil companies have ____ D _____ from losing national images.A obtainedB gotC reachedD benefited4 Royal Dutch/Shell is another group which manages to ______D_________ itselfas a local company in which it operates.A displayB exhibitC showD present5 When the Japanese tyre group Bridgestone entered the US market, it made an _________ C _______, buying the local production base of Firestone.A saleB purchaseC acquisitionD overpayment6 If a company wishes to enter the Chinese market, it usually looks for a local ________ D ________ who will cooperate in setting up a joint venture.A manB talentC managerD partner7 If you’re ______ C ______ don’t go to Oslo – it’s Europe’s most expensive city.A hardB hardyC hard upD hard down8 A survey has _______A_________ with some interesting information about the cost of living in our major cities.A come upB show upC put upD live up9 Meals at restaurants cost a _________ C ________ and drinks are very pricey.A expenseB priceC fortuneD fate10 Being kept waiting, being connected to voice mail or being passed on to someone else are all common ________ D _______.A flashesB firesC firecrackersD flashpoints11 Reasons for this are ________ B _________, according to Reed.A three piecesB threefoldC threeD triple12 Increasing numbers of transactions take place entirely by phone, from ___ D ____ insurance to paying bills.A doingB sellingC buyingD arranging13 As companies move towards ‘remote working’, the need for the right tone of voice _______ A _______ to every level of the organization.A extendsB stretchesC expandsD attaches14 However, globalization has brought problems in the compan y’s overseas plants, and this is having a bad ________ A _______ on its share prices.A effectB influenceC affectD consequence15 A journalist from the Eastern Economist Review suggested recently that the company could become the _______ B _______ of a takeover if it didn’t sort out its problems soon.A aimB targetC objectiveD purpose16 Although this helps to lower costs, the materials are often of poor quality. This has resulted in _______ C _______ orders.A placedB placingC cancelledD canceling17 Recently, a German distributor refused a D of 50,000 blouses.A dealB transactionC cargoD consignment18 When customers want last-minute changes to clothing, the plants cannot meet customers’ tight _______ D ______.A timesB periodsC datesD deadlines19 Its latest _______ B ______ were described by a famous fashion expert as ‘boring, behind the times and with no appeal to a fashion-conscious buyer’.A seriesB collectionsC sequencesD present20 Factory workers complain about their wages. They are often expected to work _______ C ________ without extra pay.A overB timeC overtimeD timelyPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 资本外逃fight of capital2 福利welfare benefits3 相互让步give-and-take4 国家形象national image5 航空航天公司aerospace company6 全球化公司global company7 就业问题employment problems8 生活水准living standard9 跨文化问题cross-cultural problems10 合资企业joint venture11 本地合伙人local partner12 许可协议licensing agreement13 通货膨胀率inflation rate14 市场调研market research15 远程办公remote working16 全球会议global conference17 股票价格share price18 顾客需求customers’ needs19 低价战略low-pricing strategy20 员工流动率staff turnoverPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1.There are too many examples in aviation and other sectors of what has happened to companies that have tried to do that.在航空业和其他行业中想要原地踏步而以失败告终的例子比比皆是2.People are much more likely to express anger over the phone, rather than in writing or face to face.和书信及面对面交流比起来，人们更容易在电话上发火。

光华管理学院2010-2011学年第一学期期末考试试题（A卷）课程名称：商务英语（阅读）任课教师：考试日期：考试时间：1.5小时学生类别：本科年级班号：考生姓名：考生学号：考试方式：闭卷试题：（注意：答案一律写在答题纸，否则不计分）Vocabulary (1x20 = 20)o general; taking everything into count1 a union or association formed for mutual benefitc to change from one form to another2 c to arrange systematically in classes or groupsc any of the parts of which sth. is made3 e producing a satisfactory result without wastingmoney or energy4 e expert knowledge or skill, especially in a particularfield5 f to tell in advance; to predict with the help ofinformation6i to combine sth. in such a way that it becomes fullya part of sth. else1()a to gain by one's own ability, efforts or behaviorm a worker skilled in using or repairing machines11mto shape something into a particular formo to manage or direct a business12pstage in a process of change or developmentp possible13r to keep or confine within limitswill not ensure sustained sales and might eventually strike back at long-term profitsA.have proved very effective in raising the dealers' profitsare expected to continue to dominate the auto market as a chief sales incentiveB.will diminish returns very soon10. Which of the following is an ingredient of the fiscal package that the Bush Administration is designing?A.increased spending on social welfarelowering the long-term interest ratesB.returning part of tax revenues to tax payersencouraging exportsDecide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).(F ) 11. In November, GDP contracted for the first time since 1993.(T ) 12. Corporate profits had been seriously affected, which was going to have a negative influence over consumer confidence and their buying behavior.(F ) 13. Once the short-term interest rates reached zero, the Fed would reduce medium and long-term rates to ease the current recession.(T ) 14. The Democrats and the Republicans were having disputes at the moment about how the sum of $ 100 billion should be used.(F ) 15. The sum of $ 100 billion would have a great impact on help the economy to recover.Passage 3Good food?If you think you can make the planet better by clever shopping, think again. You might make it worse."You don't have to wait for government to move... the really fantastic thing about Fairtrade is that you can go shopping!" So said a representative of the Fairtrade movement in a British newspaper this year. Similarly Marion Nestle, a nutritionist at New York University, argues that "when you choose organics, you are voting fbr a planet with fewer pesticides, richer soil and cleaner water supplies.,,The idea that shopping is the new politics is certainly seductive. Never mind the ballot box: vote with your supermarket trolley instead. Elections occur relatively rarely, but you probably go shopping several times a month, providing yourself with lots of opportunities to express your opinions. If you are woiTied about the environment, you might buy organic food; if you want to help poor farmers, you can do your bit by buying Fairtrade products; or you can express a dislike of evil multinational companies and rampant globalization by buying only local produce. And the best bit is that shopping, unlike voting, is fun; so you can do good and enjoy yourself at the same time.Sadly, it's not that easy. There arc good reasons to doubt the claims made about three of the most popular varieties of "ethical" food: organic food, Fairtrade food and local food. People who want to make the world a better place cannot do so by shifting their shopping habits: transforming the planet requires duller disciplines, like politics.Buy organic, destroy the rainforestOrganic food, which is grown without man-made pesticides and fertilizers, is generally assumed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional intensive farming, which is heavily reliant on chemical inputs. But it all depends what you mean by "environmentally fricndly,,. Farming is inherently bad for the environment: since humans took it up around 11,000 years ago, the result has been deforestation on a massive scale. But following the "green rcvolution,, of the 1960s greater use of chemical fertilizer has tripled grain yields with very little increase in the area of land under cultivation. Organic methods, which rely on crop rotation, manure and compost in place of fertilizer, are far less intensive. So producing the world's current agricultural output organically would require several times as much land as is currently cultivated. There wouldn't be much room left for the rainforest.Fairtrade food is designed to raise poor farmers' incomes. It is sold at a higher price than ordinary food, with a subsidy passed back to the fanner. But prices of agricultural commodities are low because of ovei*production. By propping up the price, the Fairtrade system encourages farmers to produce more of these commodities rather than diversifying into other crops and so depresses prices - thus achieving, for most fanners, exactly the opposite of what the initiative is intended to do. And since only a small fraction of the mark-up on Fairtrade foods actually goes to the fanner - most goes to the retailer - the system gives rich consumers an inflated impression of their largesse and makes alleviating poverty seem too easy.Surely the case for local food, produced as close as possible to the consumer in order to minimize "fbod miles" and, by extension, carbon emissions, is clear? Surprisingly, it is not.A study of Britain's food system found that nearly half of food-vehicle miles (i.e., miles traveled by vehicles carrying food) were driven by cars going to and from the shops. Most people live closer to a supermarket than a farmer's market, so more local food could meanmore food-vehicle miles. Moving food around in big, carefully packed lorries, as supermarkets do, may in fact be the most efficient way to transport the stuff.What's more, once the energy used in production as well as transport is taken into account, local food may turn out to be even less green. Producing lamb in New Zealand and shipping it to Britain uses less energy than producing British lamb, because farming in New Zealand is less energy-intensive. And the local-food movement's aims, of course, contradict those of the Fairtrade movement, by discouraging rich-country consumers from buying poor-country produce. But since the local-food movement looks suspiciously like old-fashioned protectionism masquerading as concern for the environment, helping poor countries is presumably not the point.Appetite for changeThe aims of much of the ethical-food movement 一to protect the environment, to encourage development and to redress the distortions in global trade 一are admirable. The problems lie in the means, not the ends. No amount of Fairtrade coffee will eliminate poverty, and all the organic asparagus in the world will not savethe planet. Some of the stuff sold under an ethical label may even leave the world in a worse state and its poor farmers poorer than they otherwise would be.So what should the ethically minded consumer do? Things that are less fun than shopping, alas. Real change will require action by governments, in the form of a global carbon tax; reform of the world trade system; and the abolition of agricultural tariffs and subsidies, notably Europe's monstrous common agricultural policy, which coddles rich farmers and prices those in the poor world out of the European market. Proper free trade would be by far the best way to help poor farmers. Taxing carbon would price the cost of emissions into the price of goods, and retailers would then have an incentive to source locally if it saved energy. But these changes will come about only through difficult, international, political deals that the world's governments have so far failed to do.The best thing about the spread of the ethical-food movement is that it offers grounds for hope. It sends a signal that there is an enormous appetite for change and widespread frustration that governments arc not doing enough to preserve the environment, reform world trade or encourage development. Which suggests that, if politicians put these options on the political menu, people might support them. The idea of changing the world by voting with your trolley may be beguiling. But if consumers really want to make a difference, it is at the ballot box that they need to vote.Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D.1.In the author's opinion, the view of seeing shopping as a political event is.A.very helpfulnot practicalB.simply nonsensequite harmful2.According to the author, what may be the chief disadvantage of organic food?A.It cannot yield enough food.B.It is involved with some kind of political event.C.It is directly responsible for the global deforestation.D.It is not necessarily environment-friendly.3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?A.Most benefit from Fairtrade food goes to farmers.B.Fairtrade food encourages farmers to grow as many different produces as possible.C.Fairtrade food fails to fulfill its original design.D.Fairtrade food can effectively involve consumers to help reduce poverty.4.The author's attitude towards the issue of local food seems to be.A.approvingobjectiveB.indifferentironic5.It could be inferred from the text that.A.local food might increase, instead of decrease, carbon emissions.B.Fairtrade food can encourage people to be more generous.C.local food helps to save energy used in transportation.D.local food aims against the practice of trade protectionism.Please answer the following questions briefly.6.What are the aims of ethical-food movement? Please explain in the three aspects oforganic food, Fairtrade food and local food?7.What is the negative effect of organic food on agricultural development?8.Is Fairtrade food really fair? Please give your reasons.9.Why did the author accuse the local-food movement of being protectionism?10.Please explain the underlined sentence in paragraph 8, and list the means that aresuggested by the author?Questions & Answers What are the aims of ethical-food movement? Please explain in the three aspects of organic food, Fairtrade food and local food?organic food environmentally friendly / 0.5分Fairtrade food protect the environment / preserve the environment raise poor farmers' incomes /0.5分local food encourage development minimize food milesand carbon 0.5分emission /redress the distortions in global trade /reform the world tradeWhat is the negative effect of organic food on agricultural development?Organic methods are far less intensive （0.5 分）.So producing the world's current agricultural output organically would require much more land （0.5 分），leaving less room for the rainforest （0.5 4））.6.Is Fairtrade food really fair? Please give your reasons.encouraging farmers to produce more Fairtrade food will depress prices （0.5 分）. only a fraction of [he mark-up on Fairtrade foods actually goes to the farmers] 0.5 分）. It misleads consumers into thinking that all the premium they are paying is passed on to farmers （0.5 分）.7.Why did the author accuse the local-food movement ofbein^ protectionism?Claiming to protect the environment by minimizing food miles and carbon emission, local-food movement discourages （1.5 分）consumers from buying produce from other counties.8.Please explain the underlined sentence in paragraph 8, and list the means that aresuggested by the author?According to the author, the aims of the ethical-food movement are good, but the problems lies in the ways （0.5 分）in which those aims arc to be realized.So ethically minded consumers should vote （0.5 分）to express their opinions and urge govemmenls lakes actions （0.5 分）.光华管理学院2010-2011学年第一学期期末考试（A卷）参考答案课程名称：商务英语（阅读）任课教师：考试日期：考试时间：1.5小时考试方式：闭卷试题答案：I.Vocabulary (1 * 20 = 20 points)1-4 Overall alliance convert classify5-8 Component efficient expertise forecast9-12 Integrate acquire mechanic mold13-16 Operate phase potential restrict17-20 Scarce simultaneous stimulus strategyAnswering questions briefly: (4 * 5 = 20 points)1.Distribution refers to the process of moving products from the factory to themarketplace. For instance, furniture may be moved from the manufaclurer to furniture stores.2.According to the [heory of absolute advantage, a nation should specialize in theproduction and export of goods that it can produce with the highest efficiency and lowest cost compared with other nations. For instance, the US may specialize in PC manufacturing because of its absolute technological advantage and Mexico may concentrate on furniture making due to its low labor cost. That way, the total output may be increased.3.Promotion refers to the effort made ro inform or persuade the potcntinl customers inorder to achieve〔he sales af products uc services. To launch a new car, we may display it in a car exhibition, or advertise it on TV cr ncwspaDcrs, or give customers discounts.puter technology is the most important aspect of the late 20th century informationrevolution. Speed, high degree of accuracy, ability to manipulate and store large amounts of da〔a led to the early specialization of computers in data processing.Computer applications include word processing、networking, database, spreadsheets, expert syslem, etc.共20分，每题5分。

课文A世界经济发展世界经济比以往任何时候都更富裕，但是国家内部与国家之间财富显然分布不均衡。

世界上最富裕国家如卢森堡的年人均收入比世界最贫穷国家如塞纳里昂年人均收入高出一百多倍。

国与国之间经济发展不平衡倾向表现各异。

20世纪50、60年代，发展中国家经济获得了飞速而持续的发展。

然而，自80年代以来，除了少数几个主要亚洲国家经济成功地获得快速发展、更多全球开放市场外，其他发展中国家面临了经济不稳，社会福利收效甚微的问题。

全球化并没有缩小贫富国家收入差异。

富裕国家比贫困国家往往能更优先进入资本市场，吸引更多外国资本直接投资，更有弹性地应对全球商品市场。

现在，埃塞俄比亚居民平均收入不及出生于欧洲或美国居民的1/35，而在50年代，埃塞俄比亚人均收入是发达国家人均收入的1/16。

同样，美国目前人均收入比尼伯尔人均收入从50年代的19倍上升到了27倍。

世界上大多数最贫困国家或多或少在某种程度上相对滞后。

尤其是70年代中期以来，发展中国家经济增长进入停滞与不稳定的交替期，只有少数几个发展中国家在最近几十年能持续增长，这些国家中尤以两个世界人口大国中国和印度著名。

中国可以看作是成功进行体制改革的例子。

20世纪70年代后期改革开放以来，中国经济一直保持了高速发展。

除一些社会、经济不稳定因素之外，最近20年，中国经济改革所取得的成就解决了几千万人的温饱问题。

因为没有现存的改革经验可借鉴，中国经济改革的过程被看作是“摸着石头过河”。

实际上，经济发展是改革的落脚点和最终目标。

中国经济体制改革是以全面提高经济效益为目的，依靠发挥个人积极性，培育各种类型的市场竞争。

通常，中国向市场经济的转型过程是个缓慢的经济改革过程，表现在三个不同时期。

第一个时期从1978年至1993年，改革主要是改善激励机制和扩大市场对资源的配置范围。

这一时期以成功进行农业体制改革和双重价格体系改革为特点；第二个时期开始于1994年，这一时期中国政府决定把最终建立现代市场经济体制作为改革目标；最新时期，重点是处理好由于经济增长所带来的地区差异和贫富悬殊。

商务英语阅读1参考答案一、阅读理解1. 问题1：文章主要讨论了什么？答案：文章主要讨论了全球化背景下商务英语的重要性以及如何提高商务英语的沟通技巧。

2. 问题2：为什么商务英语在当今世界如此重要？答案：商务英语重要性体现在跨国贸易的增长，国际商务交流的频繁，以及对专业商务人士的需求。

3. 问题3：文章提到了哪些提高商务英语能力的方法？答案：文章提到了扩大词汇量、学习商务术语、练习商务写作、参与商务会议以及利用在线资源等方法。

4. 问题4：作者对商务英语的未来趋势有何看法？答案：作者认为随着全球化的深入，商务英语将继续成为国际商务沟通的关键工具，并且其重要性将不断增加。

5. 问题5：文章中提到的“商务英语沟通的障碍”有哪些？答案：文章中提到的障碍包括文化差异、语言习惯、专业术语的误解以及非语言交流的挑战。

二、词汇理解1. 问题1： "Negotiation"在商务英语中通常指的是什么？答案： "Negotiation"在商务英语中通常指的是商务交易或协议过程中的协商过程。

2. 问题2： "Collaboration"一词在商务环境中的含义是什么？答案： "Collaboration"在商务环境中指的是不同个人或组织之间的合作，以实现共同的目标或完成项目。

3. 问题3： "Mergers and Acquisitions"通常指的是什么类型的商务活动？答案： "Mergers and Acquisitions"通常指的是公司之间的合并或收购活动，这是企业扩张或重组的一种方式。

4. 问题4： "Stakeholder"在商务英语中通常指谁？答案： "Stakeholder"在商务英语中通常指的是对公司或项目有直接或间接利益的个人或团体。

5. 问题5： "Due Diligence"在商务英语中的含义是什么？答案： "Due Diligence"在商务英语中指的是在进行商务交易前对相关事务进行彻底的调查和评估，以确保交易的合理性和安全性。