a r X i v :c o n d -m a t /0702053v 1 [c o n d -m a t .m t r l -s c i ] 2 F e
b 2007
On the nature of the spin-polarized hole states in a quasi-two-dimensional GaMnAs
ferromagnetic layer
E.Dias Cabral
Institute de F′?sica,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,20.500-013Rio de Janeiro,R.J.,Brazil
M. A.Boselli
Departamento de F′?sica,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto,35400-000Ouro Preto,M.G.,Brazil
A.T.da Cunha Lima
Universidade Veiga de Almeida,28905-970Cabo Frio,RJ,Brazil
A.Ghazali (in memoriam)
Institut des NanoSciences de Paris,75015Paris,France
I.C.da Cunha Lima
Instituto de F′?sica,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,20.500-013Rio de Janeiro,R.J.,Brazil,and Departamento de F′?sica,Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto,35400-000Ouro Preto,M.G.,Brazil
(Dated:February 6,2008)
A self-consistent calculation of the density of states and the spectral density function is performed in a two-dimensional spin-polarized hole system based on a multiple-scattering https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a11779738.html,ing parameters corresponding to GaMnAs thin layers,a wide range of Mn concentrations and hole densities have been explored to understand the nature,localized or extended,of the spin-polarized holes at the Fermi level for several values of the average magnetization of the Mn system.We show that,for a certain interval of Mn and hole densities,an increase on the magnetic order of the Mn ions come together with a change of the nature of the states at the Fermi level.This fact provides a delocalization of spin-polarized extended states anti-aligned to the average Mn magnetization,and a higher spin-polarization of the hole gas.These results are consistent with the occurrence of ferromagnetism with relatively high transition temperatures observed in some thin ?lm samples and multilayered structures of this material.
The possibility of having diluted magnetic semicon-ductor (DMS)nanostructures based on GaAs opens a wide range of potential applications such as integrated magneto-optoelectronic devices [1].In the Ga 1?x Mn x As alloy Mn is,in fact,a strong p dopant,the free hole con-centration reaching even 1020?21cm ?3.The 3d level is half ?lled with ?ve electrons,in such a way that it car-ries a spin 5ˉh /2.At small Mn concentrations,the alloy is a paramagnetic insulator.As x increases it becomes ferromagnetic,going through a non-metal-to-metal tran-sition for higher concentrations,and keeping its ferro-magnetic phase.Above 7%,the alloy becomes a ferro-magnetic insulator.[2]In the metallic phase,depending on the value of x ,the temperature of the ferromagnetic transition is observed in the range of 30-160K.The oc-currence of ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)As thin ?lms and (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs superlattices [3]made it clear that a deeper theoretical investigation of such nanostructures is required.Recent calculations [4,5]performed in GaM-nAs/GaAs multilayered structures show the interplay of magnetic order and spin-polarization of free carries oc-currying in these systems.
In this work we study the roles of disorder and spin-polarization on determining the nature of the spin-polarized states at the Fermi level in a 2D hole system.We aim to obtain information about the nature of the states of carriers in the metallic and ferromagnetic phase
of a thin layer of GaMnAs.We obtain the density of states (DOS)by a multiple-scattering approximation in the Klauder approach [6]developed by Serre and Ghazali [7],and we consider the Zeeman splitting (ZS)equiva-lent to the separation of the spin aligned and spin anti-aligned subbands resulting of the Kondo-like interaction with the localized magnetic moments.We show that by analyzing the spectral density function (SDF)we can in-fer,for a given average magnetization,the nature of the spin-polarized states at the Fermi level.Details of the multiple-scattering treatment used by Serre and Ghazali can be found in Ref.7.
The scattering potential due to a system of N i impu-rities per unit volume at sites R i is given by U (q )=ρimp (q )v (q ),where we used the Fourier transforms of
the impurity density ρimp (r )=
i δ(r ?R i ),and the screened Coulomb potential due to the ionized impurity v (r ).The expansion implies in performing averages on products of impurity densities,using the technique by Kohn and Luttinger [8].The multiple scattering approx-imation consists in selecting from the self-energy inser-tions those terms consisting of the scattering which occur several times by the same impurity.This is di?erent from the Born approximation used in systems with low con-centration of impurities,where only double scattering is considered.The multiple-scattering approach reproduces
the correct result even for the very diluted limit.
After performing the con?guration average the Green’s function
G(p,E)=G0(p,E)+Σ(p,E)
(2π)d
d d q′v(q′?q)
(2π)d
d d q′1v(q1?q′1)
(2π)d d d q′1v(q′?q)G(p,E),at these
energies and we observed that they have typical shapes
corresponding to localized and extended states.
Next we take into account the localized magnetic mo-
ments at the Mn sites.We treat them assuming a ho-
mogeneous magnetization.Then,we obtain an e?ective
magnetic potential[4]V mag=?x
D e n s i t y o f s t a t e s (a .u .)
Energy (Ry*)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
7
6
3
542
1(b)
S p e c t r a l D e n s i t y F u n c t i o n (a .u .)
k (1/a 0*)
FIG.2:Results for n s =5×1011cm ?2and N i =2×1012cm ?2.In part (a)curve 1represents the DOS of the anti-aligned spins,held ?xed.Curves 2,3,and 4represent the shifted DOS for aligned spins due to Zeeman splittings 50,100and 150meV.The corresponding Fermi levels are indicated.In part (b),curve 1corresponds to either aligned or anti-aligned SDF at the Fermi level with zero magnetization,curves 2and 3to anti-aligned and aligned spins with a splitting of 50meV,4and 5idem for 100meV,and 6and 7for 150meV.
that the Fermi level increases with the separation.The shape of the spin-dependent SDF does not change con-siderably as the average magnetization increases in the sample with a lower impurity concentration.However the sample with higher Mn concentration appearing in Fig.3shows a change in the nature of the states at the Fermi level,even for a splitting of 50meV.Curve 1corresponds to zero splitting,where the two SDF coin-cide.Curve 2corresponds to the splitting of 50meV for spin anti-aligned,curve 3for spin aligned.The former shows an extended character,the latter is localized.As the splitting increases,the SDF for anti-aligned spins be-comes sharper,while for aligned spins it spreads in the k-space,with the maximum approaching k =0.
Therefore,if the impurity concentration is below a cer-tain threshold,the increase of the magnetization does not lead to a signi?cant change in the localized character of the spin-polarized states.Above this threshold we reach conditions allowing the occurrence of extended states at the Fermi level -more properly extended states in a very
dirty metal -which are very sensitive to the average mag-netization.As the average magnetization increases,a sudden change of the aligned spin states occur,becom-ing localized,the extended character of the anti-aligned spins becomes more and more pronounced,and the spin polarization of the gas of holes increases.
To conclude,this work approaches the problem of the occurrence of ferromagnetism in GaMnAs thin ?lms pointing to the entaglement of the average magnetization with the extended or localized characters of the spin-polarized hole states.We do not try to explain the oc--4-3-2-101230.00
0.02
0.040.06
0.08(a)
4
3
21
4
321
D e n s i t y o f s t a t e s (a .u .)
Energy (Ry*)
0.0
0.5
1.0 1.5
2.0
0.00.51.01.52.02.5
7
6
54
321
(b)
S p e c t r a l D e n s i t y F u n c t i o n (a .u .)
k (1/a 0*)
FIG.3:Same as above for n s =5×1012cm ?2and N i =1×1013cm ?2
currence of the ferromagnetic order.But,on the other hand,we demonstrate that for a convenient range of Mn concentration the increase of the magnetic order goes to-gether with the increase of the extended character of the majority of the spin-polarized carriers.This is in agree-ment with results obtained in GaMnAs/GaAs thin quan-tum wells and multilayered structures [4,5]showing that in the metallic phase a strong spin-polarization of the “free carriers”in the regions where the Mn impurities are located is responsible for the magnetic order in that samples with relatively high transition temperatures.This work was partially supported by CNPq (ESN support and research grant),FAPEMIG,FAPESP and FAPERJ.ICCL is grateful for the hospitality of Prof.M.W.Wu group at the USTC,Hefei,Anhui,China.
[1]Y.Ohno,D.K.Young,B.Beschoten,F.Matsukura,H.
Ohno and D.D.Awschalom,Nature 402,790(1999).[2]F.Matsukura,H.Ohno,A.Shen,and Y.Sugawara,Phys.
Rev.B 57,R2037(1998).
[3]R.Mathieu,P.Svendlindh,J.Sadowski,K.Swiatek,M.
Karlsteen,J.Kanski,and L.Ilver,App.Phys.Lett.81,3013(2002).
[4]M.A.Boselli,I.C.da Cunha Lima,and A.Ghazali,Phys.
Rev.B 68,085319(2003).
[5]S.C.P.Rodrigues,L.M.R.Scolfaro,J.R.Leite,I.C.da Cunha Lima,G.M.Sipahi,M.A.Boselli,Phys.Rev.B 70,165308(2004).
[6]J.R.Klauder,Ann.Phys.(N.Y.)14,43(1961).
[7]J.Serre and A.Ghazali,Phys.Rev.B 28,4704(1983).[8]
W.Kohn,J.M.Luttinger,Phys.Rev.108,590(1957).
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高中英语~词性~句子成分~语法构成 第一章节：英语句子中的词性 1.名词：n. 名词是指事物的名称，在句子中主要作主语.宾语.表语.同位语。 2.形容词;adj. 形容词是指对名词进行修饰~限定~描述~的成份，主要作定语.表语.。形容词在汉语中是（的）.其标志是: ous. Al .ful .ive。. 3.动词：vt. 动词是指主语发出的一个动作，一般用来作谓语。 4.副词：adv. 副词是指表示动作发生的地点. 时间. 条件. 方式. 原因. 目的. 结果.伴随让步. 一般用来修饰动词. 形容词。副词在汉语中是（地）.其标志是：ly。 5.代词：pron. 代词是指用来代替名词的词，名词所能担任的作用，代词也同样.代词主要用来作主语. 宾语. 表语. 同位语。 6.介词：prep.介词是指表示动词和名次关系的词，例如：in on at of about with for to。其特征：
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第27卷第3期唐山师范学院学报2005年5月Vol. 27 No.3 Journal of Tangshan Teachers College May 2005 奈达翻译理论初探 尹训凤1，王丽君2 （1.泰山学院外语系，山东泰安 271000；2.唐山师范学院教务处，河北唐山 063000） 摘要：奈达的翻译理论对于翻译实践有很强的指导作用：从语法分析角度来讲，相同的语法结构可能具有完全不同的含义；词与词之间的关系可以通过逆转换将表层形式转化为相应的核心句结构；翻译含义是翻译成败的关键所在。 关键词：奈达；分析；转换；重组；核心句 中图分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-9115（2005）03-0034-03 尤金?奈达是美国当代著名翻译理论家，也是西方语言学派翻译理论的主要代表，被誉为西方“现代翻译理论之父”。他与塔伯合著的《翻译理论与实践》对翻译界影响颇深。此书说明了中国与西方译界人士思维方式的巨大差别：前者是静的，崇尚“信、达、雅”，讲究“神似”，追求“化境”；后者是动的，将语言学、符号学、交际理论运用到翻译研究当中，提倡“动态对等”，注重读者反应。中国译论多概括，可操作性不强；西方译论较具体，往往从点出发。他在该书中提到了动态对等，详细地描述了翻译过程的三个阶段：分析、转换和重组，对于翻译实践的作用是不言而喻的。笔者拟结合具体实例，从以下角度来分析其理论独到之处。 一 一般来说，结构相同的词组、句子，其语法意义是相同或相近的。然而奈达提出，同样的语法结构在许多情况下可以有不同的含义。“名词+of+名词”这一语法结构可以对此作最好的阐释。如下例： （1）the plays of Shakespeare/ the city of New York/ the members of the team/ the man of ability/ the lover of music/ the order of obedience/ the arrival of the delegation 在以上各个词组中，假设字母A和B分别代表一个名词或代词，它们之间存在着不同的关系。在the plays of Shakespeare 中，Shakespeare是施事，plays是受事，用公式表示就是“B writes A”；在the city of New York中，city和New York是同位关系，用公式表示就是“A is B”；the members of the team中，members和team是所属关系，即“A is in the B”；在the man of ability中，“B is A’s characteristic”；在the lover of music中，lover表示的是活动，即动作，music是它的受事，因此可以理解为（he/she）loves the music, 用公式表示就是“X does A to B”（X施A于B）或“B is the goal of A”（B为A的受事）；在the order of obedience中，obedience表示的是活动，order是它的受事，因此用公式表示就是“X does B to A”（X施B于A）或“A is the goal of B”（A为B的受事）；在the arrival of the delegation中，arrival表示动作，而delegation是动作的发出者，所以是“B does A”。 因此它们的结构关系如下所示： the plays of Shakespeare——Shakespeare wrote the plays. the city of New York——The city is New York. the members of the team——The members are in the team. the man of ability——The man is able. the lover of music——(He/She) loves the music. the order of obedience——(People) obey the order. the arrival of the delegation——The delegation arrives. ────────── 收稿日期：2004-06-10 作者简介：尹训凤（1976-），女，山东泰安人，泰山学院外语系教师，现为天津外国语学院研究生部2003级研究生，研究方向为翻译理论与实践。 - 34 -
意见应以事实为根据. 3 来自辞典例句 192. The bombers swooped ( down ) onthe air base. 轰炸机 突袭 空军基地. 来自辞典例句 193. He mounted their engines on a rubber base. 他把他们的发动机装在一个橡胶垫座上. 14 来自辞典例句 194. The column stands on a narrow base. 柱子竖立在狭窄的地基上. 14 来自辞典例句 195. When one stretched it, it looked like grey flakes on the carvas base. 你要是把它摊直, 看上去就象好一些灰色的粉片落在帆布底子上. 18 来自辞典例句 196. Economic growth and human well - being depend on the natural resource base that supports all living systems. 经济增长和人类的福利依赖于支持所有生命系统的自然资源. 12 1 来自辞典例句 197. The base was just a smudge onthe untouched hundred - mile coast of Manila Bay. 那基地只是马尼拉湾一百英里长安然无恙的海岸线上一个硝烟滚滚的污点. 6 来自辞典例句 198. You can't base an operation on the presumption that miracles are going to happen. 你不能把行动计划建筑在可能出现奇迹的假想基础上.
奈达翻译理论简介 （一）奈达其人尤金?奈达（EugeneA.Nida）1914年出生于美国俄克勒荷马州，当代著名语言学家、翻译家和翻译理论家。也是西方语言学派翻译理论的主要代表，被誉为西方“现代翻译理论之父”。尤金是当代翻译理论的主要奠基人，其理论核心是功能对等。 尤金先后访问过90个国家和地区，并著书立说，单独或合作出版了40多部书，比较著名的有《翻译科学探索》、《语言与文化———翻译中的语境》等，他还发表论文250余篇，是世界译坛的一位长青学者。他还参与过《圣经》的翻译工作。他与塔伯合著的《翻译理论与实践》对翻译界影响颇深。此书说明了中国与西方译界人士思维方式的巨大差别：前者是静的，崇尚“信、达、雅”，讲究“神似”，追求“化境”；后者是动的，将语言学、符号学、交际理论运用到翻译研究当中，提倡“动态对等”，注重读者反应。中国译论多概括，可操作性不强；西方译论较具体，往往从点出发。他在该书中提到了动态对等，详细地描述了翻译过程的三个阶段：分析、转换和重组，对于翻译实践的作用是不言而喻的。 （二）奈达对翻译的定义 按照奈达的定义：“所谓翻译，是指从语义到文体（风格）在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现 源语的信息。”其中，“对等”是核心，“最切近”和“最自然”都是为寻找对等语服务的。奈达从社会语言学和语言交际功能的观点出发，认为必须以读者的反应作为衡量译作是否正确的重要标准。翻译要想达到预期的交际目的，必须使译文从信息内容、说话方式、文章风格、语言文化到社会因素等方面尽可能多地反映出原文的面貌。他试图运用乔姆斯基的语言学理论建立起一套新的研究方法。他根据转换生成语法，特别是其中有关核心句的原理，提出在语言的深层结构里进行传译的设想。 奈达提出了词的4种语义单位的概念，即词具有表述事物、事件、抽象概念和关系等功能。这4种语义单位是“核心”，语言的表层结构就是以“核心”为基础构建的，如果能将语法结构归纳到核心层次，翻译过程就可最大限度地避免对源语的曲解。按照4种语义单位的关系，奈达将英语句子归结为7个核心句：（1）Johnranquickly.（2）JohnhitBill.（3）JohngaveBillaball.（4）Johnisinthehouse.（5）Johnissick.（6）Johnisaboy.（7）Johnismyfather. （三）奈达翻译理论的经历阶段 奈达翻译理论的发展经历过三个阶段，分别是描写语言阶段、交际理论阶段和和社会符号学阶段。 第一个阶段始于1943年发表《英语句法概要》，止于1959年发表《从圣经翻译看翻译原则》。这一阶段是奈达翻译思想及学术活动的初期。 第二阶段始于1959年发表的《从圣经翻译看翻译原则》，止于1969年出版的《翻译理论与实践》。主要著作有《翻译科学探索》、《信息与使命》。在这10年中，奈达确立了自己在整个西方翻译理论界的权威地位。1964年出版的《翻译科学探索》标志着其翻译思想发展过程中一个最重要的里程碑。第三阶段始于70年代，奈达通过不断修正和发展自己翻译理论创建了新的理论模式———社会符号学模式。奈达在继承原有理论有用成分的基础上，将语言看成一种符号现象，并结合所在社会环境进行解释。在《从一种语言到另一种语言》一书中，奈达强调了形式的重要性，认为形式也具有意义，指出语言的修辞特征在语言交际及翻译中的重要作用，并且用“功能对等”取代了“动态对等”的提法，是含义更加明确。 三、对奈达翻译理论的评价 （一）贡献 奈达是一位硕果累累的翻译理论家。可以说，在两千年的西方翻译思想发展史上，奈达的研究成果之丰是名列前茅的。他的研究范围从翻译史、翻译原则、翻译过程和翻译方法到翻译教学和翻译的组织工作，从口译到笔译，从人工翻译到机器翻译，从语义学到人类文化学，几乎无所不包，从而丰富并拓展了西方的翻译研究领地。 奈达的理论贡献，主要在于他帮助创造了一种用新姿态对待不同语言和文化的气氛，以增进人类相互之间的语言交流和了解。他坚持认为：任何能用一种语言表达的东西都能够用另一种语言来表达；在语言之间、文化之间能通过寻找翻译对等语，以适当方式重组原文形式和语义结构来进行交际。因此也说明，某
英语造句大全English sentence 在句子中，更好的记忆单词！ 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character. （2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n.
主语+谓语 1. 理解主谓结构 1) The students arrived. The students arrived at the park. 2) They are listening. They are listening to the music. 3) The disaster happened. 2．体会状语的位置 1) Tom always works hard. 2) Sometimes I go to the park at weekends.. 3) The girl cries very often. 4) We seldom come here. The disaster happened to the poor family. 3. 多个状语的排列次序 1) He works. 2) He works hard. 3) He always works hard. 4) He always works hard in the company. 5) He always works hard in the company recently. 6) He always works hard in the company recently because he wants to get promoted. 4. 写作常用不及物动词 1. ache My head aches. I’m aching all over. 2. agree agree with sb. about sth. agree to do sth. 3. apologize to sb. for sth. 4. appear (at the meeting, on the screen) 5. arrive at / in 6. belong to 7. chat with sb. about sth. 8. come (to …) 9. cry 10. dance 11. depend on /upon 12. die 13. fall 14. go to … 15. graduate from 16. … happen 17. laugh 18. listen to... 19. live 20. rise 21. sit 22. smile 23. swim 24. stay (at home / in a hotel) 25. work 26. wait for 汉译英： 1.昨天我去了电影院。 2.我能用英语跟外国人自由交谈。 3.晚上7点我们到达了机场。 4.暑假就要到了。 5.现在很多老人独自居住。 6.老师同意了。 7.刚才发生了一场车祸。 8.课上我们应该认真听讲。9. 我们的态度很重要。 10. 能否成功取决于你的态度。 11. 能取得多大进步取决于你付出多少努力。 12. 这个木桶能盛多少水取决于最短的一块板子的长度。
To Equivalence and Beyond: Reflections on the Significance of Eugene A. Nida for Bible Translating1 Kenneth A. Cherney, Jr. It’s been said, and it may be true, that there are two kinds of people—those who divide people into two kinds and those who don’t. Similarly, there are two approaches to Bible translation—approaches that divide translations into two kinds and those that refuse. The parade example of the former is Jerome’s claim that a translator’s options are finally only two: “word-for-word” or “sense-for-sense.”2 Regardless of whether he intended to, Jerome set the entire conversation about Bible translating on a course from which it would not deviate for more than fifteen hundred years; and some observers in the field of translation studies have come to view Jerome’s “either/or” as an unhelpful rut from which the field has begun to extricate itself only recently and with difficulty. Another familiar dichotomy is the distinction between “formal correspondence” translating on one hand and “dynamic equivalence” (more properly “functional equivalence,” on which see below) on the other. The distinction arose via the work of the most influential figure in the modern history of Bible translating: Eugene Albert Nida (1914-2011). It is impossible to imagine the current state of the field of translation studies, and especially Bible translating, without Nida. Not only is he the unquestioned pioneer of modern, so-called “meaning-based” translating;3 he may be more responsible than any other individual for putting Bibles in the hands of people around the world that they can read and understand. 1 This article includes material from the author’s doctoral thesis (still in progress), “Allusion as Translation Problem: Portuguese Versions of Second Isaiah as Test Case” (Stellenbosch University, Drs. Christo Van der Merwe and Hendrik Bosman, promoters). 2 Jerome, “Letter to Pammachius,” in Lawrence Venuti, ed., The Translation Studies Reader, 2nd ed. (NY and London: Routledge, 2004), p. 23. 3 Nigel Statham, "Nida and 'Functional Equivalence': The Evolution of a Concept, Some Problems, and Some Possible Ways Forward," Bible Translator 56, no. 1 (2005), p. 39.
【it's time to和it's time for】 ——————这其实是一个句型,只不过后面要跟不同的东西. ——————It's time to跟的是不定式（to do）.也就是说,要跟一个动词,意思是“到做某事的时候了”.如： It's time to go home. It's time to tell him the truth. ——————It's time for 跟的是名词.也就是说,不能跟动词.如： It's time for lunch.(没必要说It's time to have lunch) It's time for class.(没必要说It's time to begin the class.) They can't wait to see you Please ask liming to study tonight. Please ask liming not to play computer games tonight. Don’t make/let me to smoke I can hear/see you dance at the stage You had better go to bed early. You had better not watch tv It’s better to go to bed early It’s best to run in the morning I am enjoy running with music. With 表伴随听音乐 I already finish studying You should keep working. You should keep on studying English Keep calm and carry on 保持冷静继续前行二战开始前英国皇家政府制造的海报名字 I have to go on studying I feel like I am flying I have to stop playing computer games and stop to go home now I forget/remember to finish my homework. I forget/remember cleaning the classroom We keep/percent/stop him from eating more chips I prefer orange to apple I prefer to walk rather than run I used to sing when I was young What’s wrong with you There have nothing to do with you I am so busy studying You are too young to na?ve I am so tired that I have to go to bed early
《The Kite Runner》追风筝的人--------------------------------美句摘抄 1.I can still see Hassan up on that tree, sunlight flickering through the leaves on his almost perfectly round face, a face like a Chinese doll chiseled from hardwood: his flat, broad nose and slanting, narrow eyes like bamboo leaves, eyes that looked, depending on the light, gold, green even sapphire 翻译：我依然能记得哈桑坐在树上的样子，阳光穿过叶子，照着他那浑圆的脸庞。他的脸很像木头刻成的中国娃娃，鼻子大而扁平，双眼眯斜如同竹叶，在不同光线下会显现出金色、绿色，甚至是宝石蓝。 E.g.: A shadow of disquiet flickering over his face. 2.Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbor's dog, was always my idea. 翻译：从来不提镜子、用胡桃射狗其实都是我的鬼主意。E.g.:His secret died with him, for he never told anyone. 3.We would sit across from each other on a pair of high