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情态动词归纳总结

情态动词归纳总结
情态动词归纳总结

情态动词归纳总结

一.概念

表示说话人对所说动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。在形式上,情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。有的情态动词没有时态的变化,如must。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能单独作谓语动词,必须和不带“to”的动词原形连用(即:其后动词必须为动词原形)。二.常见的情态动词

Can, may, must , have to, should, would.(dare , need , ought to )等

三.用法

1 .can

1)表示能力

We can speak a little English.

2)表示许可

Can I go out for a moment?

-No,you can’t.

3)表示请求

Can you help me with my English?

2 .may

May/might既可表示现在的“可能”,也可表示将来的“可能”

如:现在的可能:

It may/might be true.

He may/might be still waiting at the door.

将来的可能:

He may/might leave tomorrow.

He may not/might not leave next week.

注:can与may的区别在于:can表示“可能”往往指逻辑上的“可能性”;may表示可能则指事实上的“可能性”,如:

Mr Green is in poor can be ill at any ill.(逻辑的可能)

Mr Green looks pale. He may be ill.(事实的可能)

表示“必须”(带有命令,敦促的语气)

You must read a book before you watch TV.

You must be back in ten minutes.

to

表示“不得不”,“必须”

We have to be quiet in the library.

注:must与have to有时可互换,但must表示说话人的主观意志和看法,语气比较强烈。而have to则强调客观的需要。如:

I must go now.

It’s a little late and I have to go now.

否定含义也不同:musn’t表示“不准”,“禁止”;don’t have to表示“不必”,“没必要”。如:

You mustn’t talk to your mother like that.

You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.

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Why does he know this? Can [Could] someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? (3) “could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外,还有以下重要用法: ①表示过去没有实现的可能性,常译为“本来可以”。如: I could have lent you the money.Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出? ②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做,常译为“本来应该”。如: You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 ③表示“差点儿就要”。如: I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。 2. may / might用于表推测的用法 表示推测,两者都可用,只是might 比may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。 (1) 在句型使用方面:两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算普通,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。如: He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。

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